How to organize competent roof ventilation. The technology of laying a soft roof made of bituminous tiles: a step-by-step instruction

It is not even worth talking about the need for roof ventilation. Everyone knows this. But how to make it efficient, durable, and also mount it yourself, using advanced engineering practices, will be discussed in this article.

Why do you need roof ventilation?

It is difficult to overestimate the importance of the roof. Therefore, erecting a building, experienced builders with special care they equip the roof, providing it with reliable insulation, insulation and ventilation system.

During the operation of the house, steam is generated inside the premises, which, according to the laws of physics, rises into the under-roof space. And if there is no well-adjusted ventilation of the roof, then the steam settles on the roof structures, rendering them unusable and destroying the supporting elements of the building.

A roof without ventilation is dangerous. high humidity will lead to the formation of mold and fungus on the walls, wetting of the insulation, which means a deterioration in thermal conductivity and freezing of the house. A well-established roof ventilation system will help to avoid this, which will bring the condensate out and prevent it from ruining the entire structure.

In order to extend the life of the roof, it is equipped with a high-quality ventilation system.

Ventilation of the house can be point and continuous, natural and forced. The most common sources of air circulation include:

dormers;
ridges of pitched roofs;
gaps provided in the roofing cake and cornice strips;
exhaust fans on roofs and other piece elements of the ventilation system with holes.

For small or medium-sized roofs, natural ventilation is sufficient. Elements forced ventilation installed on large roofs, where the natural air exchange of the under-roof space is not enough.

Elements of the ventilation roof system

The assembly of ventilation components (including labor) is no more than 2–5% of the cost of the roof itself, which is much less than it will take to repair the roof, individual sections of the house, or even the entire building as a whole, if the ventilation system is not mounted or installed on "Perhaps, I suppose, and somehow."

The main tasks that are assigned to the elements of the ventilation system:

removal of steam entering the under-roof space from the interior of the house;
reduction of heat flux penetrating under the roof due to its heating in the sun;
roof temperature equalization to prevent the formation of icicles on the edges of the cornices and ice on the roof surface.

The ventilation system of a building consists of various elements that perform one common task: to ensure the normal temperature regime of the roof and under-roof space

Ventilation roofing tape

The ventilation tape closes all the cracks of the roof, while providing sufficient air exchange and protecting the under-roof space from debris, invasion of birds and other small living creatures.

The TOP ROLL S 240 mm ventilation tape ensures good air circulation and protection of the roof space

Depending on the purpose, there are:

ridge ventilation tape;
perforated cornice tape (overhangs air element).

Benefits of using roofing tape:

creates good breathability;
emphasizes the decorative finish of the roof;
Provides protection from moisture, debris and insects.

Ridge roofing tape protects the roof ridge from precipitation and snow getting under the roof. Along with this, she brings steam out of roofing cake preventing wetting and rotting truss system and covering material.

Good ventilation tape well-known manufacturers, as a rule, is treated with special compositions from UV radiation, which provides additional protection of the roof joints from destructive solar radiation. The ridge tape is laid along the edge of the roof, and the ridge is already mounted on top of it. Works are carried out at an air temperature of +5 °C.

Ridge ventilation tape is placed under the metal plate of the ridge

Perforated cornice tape is used to cover cornice overhangs. It not only protects the under-roof space from rodents, birds, insects, dirt and creates free air exchange, but also increases the strength of some roofing components.

PVC ventilation tape reinforces the structure of the eaves

Ventilation roof mesh

For pitched roofs, in addition to proper air exchange, insect protection is also an important task. Hornets, wasps and small birds inhabit the under-roof space, make nests, thereby creating not only a noise effect and unsanitary conditions, but also interfere with the natural ventilation of the roof. To combat such a disaster, a ventilation anti-mosquito net with cells 2–3 mm in size is designed.

Stainless steel mesh is considered the best, as it is the most durable and strong. It is resistant to corrosion, does not spoil the exterior of the house, has a much longer service life than analogues. Of the minuses, one can only note high price relative to other types of networks.

Stainless steel ventilation mesh for roof ventilation is considered the most durable and strong

It is undesirable to use steel meshes, since they corrode due to condensate leaks, rot and rust. It is better to use a paint grid with small cells as a budget option in order to save money. Its advantage is low cost and ease of installation - the mesh is overlapped and fastened with a stapler to the wooden parts of the roof. However, the paint mesh is not very strong, and therefore short-lived.

Fiberglass paint mesh does not have sufficient strength, it is easily torn and pecked by birds, so it is better to use it as a temporary option

Roof ventilation passages

Passing elements (driving) - component ventilation pipes. They are designed to seal roof openings. As a rule, they are not included in the delivery set, but are selected separately for each type of roof.

Penetrations are diverse in shape, size, color, which is primarily due to the manufacturer, and secondly - roofing (soft roofing, corrugated board, metal tiles). But they are all easy to install. They are mounted both at the stages of construction and on the finished roof.

Penetrations are used to seal the junction of ventilation pipes with roofing

Only with precisely selected passage parts corresponding to the covering material, we can talk about the durability of the ventilation system, the absence of leaks in the tie-in zones and the ability to withstand all climatic loads with roofing components.

Aerator for roof ventilation

Such roofing accessories, like aerators, are designed for more efficient ventilation of soft roofs. These are forced ventilation elements that reduce pressure under the roof and increase draft, which provides the necessary air flow.

Roof ventilation aerator soft tiles reduces pressure in the under-roof space, which ensures good ventilation of attic spaces

Aerators are selected depending on the area of \u200b\u200bthe roof, observing the following rules:

aerators are installed in the highest places of the slopes along the entire length of the roof for uniform ventilation of the entire under-roof space;
the distance between adjacent devices is maintained at least 12 m;
attach aerators to dowels or anchor bolts and equipped with filters that prevent the ingress of dirt, moisture and insects;
to adjust the system during the construction of the roof, sections are selected at the joints of the sealant;
to prevent leakage, use a sealant or a special tape.

Ventilation accessories also include an overhang comb, which has a frequent row of teeth that protect the eaves gap and the adjacent under-roof space, as well as roof fans. They are indispensable for flat roofs with insufficient natural convection and on pitched roofs when there is no possibility to arrange natural ventilation.

The overhang comb is mounted directly under the end row of slotted tiles using self-tapping screws.

Video: Installing a Systemair DVS Roof Fan

Ventilation passage through the roof

Any ventilation duct is brought to the roof of the house and forms the so-called passage unit (AP) in the exit points in the form of a pipe inserted either into the roof itself through the outlet or into reinforced concrete cups.

Each element of the ventilation system requires a sealed assembly to pass through the roof

Industrial ventilation passage assemblies are manufactured in accordance with GOST 15150 and are:

Depending on the type of roofing and the design features of the roof and air outlet, they differ in shape:

Along with typical elements, non-standard assemblies are often made, designed for original construction and assembly of ventilation systems. However, all of them must comply with the requirements specified by GOST:

metal thickness for manufacturing at least 11.9 mm;
the size of the support ring is larger than the diameter of the branch pipe by 30–40 cm;
mandatory treatment with anti-corrosion compounds;
the length of the UE structure without a valve is not more than 1 m.

Passage nodes for chimney channels are equipped with strict observance of fire regulations.

Ventilation on the roof

Many people wonder if a ventilation gap is needed and if so, why. Is it possible not to do it, because there is already a gap between the coating and the crate.

But really - do you really need a ventilation gap on the roof? Let's try to figure it out. Ventilation of the under-roof space consists of three gaps: the eaves, through which air flows, the gap between the roof and the insulation (the membrane does not count) and the gap at the highest point of the roof (ridge or junction).

Their goal is to ensure good air circulation under the roof and prevent the insulation from getting wet. And if you neglect the gap on the roof, then the consequences will be very deplorable - you will have to disassemble the roofing pie and change the insulation. And this is the least of all troubles.

In order for the house to be warm in winter and cool in summer, it is necessary to equip the roof with ventilation according to all the rules

In addition, hard coatings typically require repainting every 10–20 years. But in the absence of a gap, the resulting condensate will spoil the flooring sheets from the inside. And if it is quite simple to paint them from above, then from the inside it is impossible to do this without disassembling the entire roofing pie and replacing the sheets completely.

So the answer to all questions is obvious - to make gaps. Let the roof breathe to avoid at first subtle but snowballing problems. In addition, the gap on the roof must be sufficient to ensure the operation of the entire chain.

If you clog the ridge of the roof, that is, do not make a gap, there will be no sense from the gap between the insulation and the roof, as well as the cornice gap.

Metal roof ventilation

The metal roof is beautiful, modern, strong and reliable, but has one big disadvantage- limited air exchange, i.e. it does not pass air well. To ensure normal circulation, ventilation is established according to the following algorithm:

Video: ventilation of the under-roof space in roofs made of metal tiles

Ventilation of a roof from a soft tile

The tasks of soft roof ventilation are:

removal of condensate;
prevention of overheating of the lower layers of the roofing;
ensuring temperature balance on the roof surface.

When correct organized ventilation cold air flows enter the under-roof space in places of overhangs, and exit through the ridge or aerators.

The arrows indicate the direction of air flow in the under-roof space with the correct ventilation device.

Soft roof ventilation can be single- or double-circuit. But for it to be sufficient, a number of conditions are met:

the thickness of the air gap between the crate and the insulation is calculated in advance by the angle of inclination and the length of the slopes (but less than 4 cm);
make additional holes along the bottom of the slope, tightening them with perforated tape, mesh, comb, lining the roof overhangs with breathable spotlights;
arrange gaps on the roof in the form of ventilated skates or aerators for forced ventilation.

If the roof is not new, and a soft roof is being repaired, then look for places with the greatest swelling, and install aerators there.

Video: ventilation of the under-roof space in roofs made of shingles

hip roof ventilation

Ventilation of hip roofs can be conditionally divided into two groups - ventilation of a cold attic and an insulated attic.

Arrangement of ventilation of a cold attic space will not present difficulties. Due to the large volume of the attic, there are practically no barriers to the normal circulation of air flows. Air exchange occurs through the cornice overhang, ridge and ridge. Dormer windows, barred and located on opposite sides of the roof, provide a draft.

Natural air circulation occurs through the ventilation gap in the roof and dormer windows

When it is necessary to increase ventilation, aerators are installed along the passage of the valleys. But they make sense if the slope angle is more than 45 °. Otherwise, in difficult areas in winter time due to the accumulation of snow, the work of the aerators will be inefficient.

With small slopes, it is better to make forced ventilation using roof fans, inertial turbines or nozzles of sufficient height so that they are not covered with snow.

Video: how to eliminate condensation in the attic

Ventilation of insulated under-roof space (attic)

It is advisable to plan attic ventilation during construction, since its arrangement is more laborious than ventilation equipment for a cold attic. There is no free air circulation here, therefore the space for air exchange is created due to the crate mounted between the insulation and the flooring.

Air circulation in the insulated room occurs due to the ventilation gap in the roofing pie

In addition, a gap of at least 2–3 cm is required between hydro and thermal insulation. If the depth of the rafters does not allow you to make the desired gap, then they are built up with the help of boards.

But this method of air exchange is quite difficult to do on roofs. complex shapes with many kinks and junctions. Therefore, roofers are advised to mount directly on the insulation diffusion membranes(vapor-permeable), which pass moisture in only one direction.

Video: ventilated ridge on a mansard roof

Seam roof ventilation

A seam roof, like all other types of roofs, needs normal air circulation in the under-roof space. And this is ensured with the help of a gap between the coating and the heat-insulating layer of at least 50 mm, for which the crate is assembled from a beam of 50x40 or 50x50 mm. In addition, the insulation is protected with a vapor barrier film for greater reliability.

To remove moisture from the ventilation gap on the roof, a ventilation outlet for the seam roof is mounted at a distance of no more than 0.6 m from the ridge.

The ventilation outlet for seam and soft roofs is used to remove moisture from the ventilation gap

A properly laid and well-ventilated seam roof will last about 25 years without a major overhaul.

Pitched roof ventilation

To equip the ventilation of pitched roofs, you need:

supply gaps in the lower zone of the roof;
channels for air circulation above the insulation (due to the crate);
the hoods at the top of the roof are 15% larger than the area of the air inlets, since a lower pressure in the attic is necessary for good ventilation.

It is not difficult to arrange ventilation with your own hands. General scheme one is to provide gaps under cornice overhangs, protect them with tape or mesh, make a gap between the crate and the insulation.

Further work depends on the slope of the roof. With a slope of 10-45°, the exhaust gap is located in the ridge and is covered with a ridge aerator with a protective filter made of polyurethane foam. One such aerator, about 60 cm long, ventilates 25 m² of attic space.

Video: installing a ridge aerator

If the roof structure does not provide for a ridge or the slope of the slopes is from 5 to 12 °, then it is necessary to increase the number of air inlets at the bottom of the roof, and install aerators in the upper zone at a distance of 0.5–0.8 m from the highest point of the roof.

With this arrangement, the aerator ventilates 5 m² of the attic, but if the building is located on a well-ventilated area, then its throughput increases to 25 m².

Video: installation of a point aerator

The size of the ventilated gap on the ridge

The size of the ventilated gap depends on the slope of the slopes - the smaller the slope of the roof, the greater the height of the gap. The type of heat-insulating material does not affect the size of the gap, but the type of roofing is very important. Under a hard coating (metal tile, corrugated board), you can use a counter for lathing with a small section of 25x50 mm, since this is not a continuous coating, but has its own gaps and joints through which air also circulates. Although experts do not advise experimenting, and for greater reliability and strength, they recommend using 50x50 mm bars for all coatings, i.e. do optimal height gap 50 mm.

How to bring a pipe through a roof from corrugated board

Any home heating system, with the exception of electric, involves an output to the roof chimneys to release combustion products into the atmosphere. Consider how to bring the chimney through the corrugated board.

First you need to make sure that the chimney is located correctly - the exit point should be in the darkened north side, where the sun does not get much.
The shape of the pipe and the size of its section are chosen, taking into account the climatic conditions of the area, the relief and the temperature of the outlet gases.
Then they are determined with the height of the pipe according to SNiP.
They make the pipe themselves, or buy it ready-made and carry out the installation.

Video: pipe passage through a corrugated roof

Height of ventilation shafts according to SNiP

When calculating the height of ventilation shafts, take into account:

elevation of the pipe relative to itself top point roofs and adjacent buildings;
the total length of the smoke channel;
head size;
design height.

Requirements and norms for SNiP:

If there are outlets of other ventilation ducts nearby, the height should exceed the rest by 20 cm.

Video: how to calculate the height of the chimney

Ventilation aerators are special devices for ventilating the under-roof space and removing moisture and water vapor to the outside. They are used on flat roofs, preventing swelling of the covering roll material due to temperature changes, and on pitched roofs for effective ventilation and condensate removal.

Wind vanes (aerators) produce different sizes and designs. They are considered the most effective elements of ventilation systems. On a flat roof, they are installed evenly over the entire surface at the joints of the plates. On pitched structures, they are located closer to the ridge (0.6 m from it) or in the places where the valleys pass (on complex roofs).

On pitched roofs, aerators are installed closer to the ridge or in places where the roof is broken.

The material for the manufacture is stainless steel AISI 316 or durable polypropylene, so they can withstand a wide temperature range from -40 to + 90 ° C.

Installation of aerators on a flat roof

With a two-layer coating with rolled materials, aerators are installed in the lower layer:

A hole is cut through the screed and layers of insulation along the diameter of the aerator tube.
They fall asleep with gravel and attach the aerator to the hot mastic.
After cooling, fix with screws.
surfacing upper layer roofing flooring in such a way that the aerator is in the place of overlap (15 cm) of the canvases, the junctions are sealed.

Video: do-it-yourself installation of an aerator on a two-layer soft roof, part 1

In a single-layer flooring, aerators are installed on the screed, making a hole to the vapor barrier. The coating is laid on the skirt of the aerator, hot mastic and a patch are applied on top, overlapping the skirt and going onto the coating by about 15 cm. Then, the aerator is fixed with self-tapping screws, the joint is treated with sealant.

Video: installation of an aerator on a two-layer soft roof, part 2

Installation of aerators on metal tiles and corrugated board

Mounting ventilation outlets on roofs made of metal tiles and profiled sheets is the same and is associated with a violation of the roofing, so it must be carried out very carefully so that you do not have to change damaged sheets of covering material.

Apply a template (included in the kit) to the installation site, outline and carefully cut a hole along the intended line.
Strengthen the seal with screws, and apply sealant.
Install the aerator, fix it with hinges and additional screws.
From inside the attic, the places where the ventilation pipes pass are puttied with sealant.

When installing ventilation elements you need to use branded fasteners that are included in the kit.

Video: installation of ventilation on a metal tile

The main mistakes in the installation of the ventilation system: how to avoid them

Considering that today many people equip the roof of the house on their own, we will consider the most common mistakes when installing ventilation systems.

SNiP standards are not taken into account.
Unsuitable ventilation elements selected.
The ventilation ducts are not symmetrical.
The capacity of the system was calculated incorrectly and the heat balance was not taken into account.
Installation work carried out incorrectly.

The basic rule in the design of ventilation systems is that the more proportionate and shorter the ventilation is, the more efficient and with less noise it will work.

Overview of ventilation systems

When adjusting ventilation, sometimes there is a difficulty with the choice of components. Consider the most popular manufacturers whose products deserve attention.

Roof ventilation Virplast

WirPlast equipment is used for different purposes - installation of ventilation or fan exits(sewer system), as a kitchen hood, for installing antennas or constituent elements solar batteries.

Advantages:

easy installation due to the built-in spirit level, which eliminates any errors;
complete tightness on the roof;
stylish design;
a variety of models for all types of coverage;
10 year guarantee.

WirPlast ventilation equipment is of high quality, which is confirmed by a ten-year warranty for all products

Roof ventilation "TechnoNIKOL"

TechnoNIKOL ventilation systems are available in two variations:

for ventilation of the under-roof space;
for forced circulation air in attic spaces and attics.

Advantages:

aesthetic design and affordable price;
increased reliability and impact resistance of all elements. It is achieved thanks to the additives introduced into the composition of the main HDPE material;
easy installation with detailed instructions.

Roof ventilation Vilpe

Vilpe products are a development of the Finnish company SK Tuote Oy. Excellent as forced ventilation systems installed both during the construction phase and during renovation.

Advantages:

Made from impact-resistant polypropylene, therefore not subject to corrosion;
resistant to ultraviolet and climatic extremes;
environmentally pure material, withstands constant temperature fluctuations from -40 to + 80 ° C and episodic jumps from -55 to + 120 ° C;
great variety of colors and modern design.

Vilpe roof ventilation is made from impact-resistant polypropylene and can withstand large temperature fluctuations.

Roof ventilation Kronoplast

The success and demand for Kronoplast products is due to the fact that the company produces almost all parts for the ventilation of a private house - under-roof ventilation, kitchen outlets, vacuum cleaner outlets, sewer risers, etc.

The main feature of this product is one hundred percent impermeability on the roof of all exits, without which full ventilation is unrealistic. Roof elements are available for all coatings in six basic colors.

Video: installation of ventilation on the roof of ondulin

Installation of roof ventilation is an important and desired process which requires attention and responsibility. It is easy to do it yourself, observing the mandatory rules and regulations. Only in this case the roof of the house will never "cry". Good luck to you.

Roofing materials reliably protect the building from snow and rain, providing dryness and comfort in the interior. But the trick is that moisture attacks not only from the outside, but also from the inside. In the second case, it is possible to neutralize its negative impact only with the help of roof ventilation.

Why do you need roof ventilation?

There are two reasons to take care of the roof ventilation device:

Residential premises always contain a significant amount of water vapor, which is formed as a result of breathing and sweating of residents and pets, cooking, hygiene procedures and other processes associated with the use of water (laundry, cleaning, washing dishes, etc.).
Roofing, by definition, is vapor-tight, so it is not capable of escaping steam.

Without taking special measures, rising from warm air water vapor would condense on the inner surface of the cold roofing with the subsequent occurrence of many negative processes:

To prevent all of the above phenomena, roof ventilation is arranged, which implies the presence of a blown gap and ventilation of the attic space.

The blown gap is called the ventilation gap. The movement of outside air in this gap will carry all the vapor penetrating the coating to the outside. Along the way, it performs two more functions:

The ventilation gap is arranged as follows:

a waterproofing film is spread over the rafters;
top along each rafter leg a board with a thickness of about 30 mm is stuffed - a counter-lattice (it will fix the waterproofing film);
a crate is stuffed on the counter-lattice across the rafters, and the roofing is laid on it.

Thus, the required gap is obtained between the waterproofing film and the roofing. Its height will be equal to the sum of the heights of the counter-lattice and the batten, which is approximately 50 mm.

To ensure the movement of outside air in the ventilation gap, as well as to remove humid air from the attic, use various devices.

Roof ventilation elements

To the main elements of the ventilation roofing system relate:

Openings under the roof overhang, which are usually covered with so-called soffit gratings (protection from birds, insects and rodents), as well as along the ridge. These structural elements provide blowing through the roof gap due to wind and convection (having heated up under the roof, the air rushes up).
Holes under the roof overhang are protected from rodents and birds with soffit gratings: they can be replaced with a filing with small gaps between the boards
Dormer windows. They are arranged in gables and serve to ventilate the attic space.
The dormer is one of important elements roof ventilation
ventilation outlets. As well as aerators, they are pipe sections, but not intended for ventilation of the under-roof gap, but for connection to them exhaust channels general house ventilation or attic ventilation.
An exhaust system can be connected to the ventilation outlet or used to ventilate the under-roof space
Aerators, also referred to as deflectors and weathervanes. They cut into the roofing at the ridge itself and serve to remove air from the under-roof space, that is, they perform the same function as the hole under the ridge. They are used in conditions where the thickness of the snow cover on the roof can exceed 2–3 cm (with small slopes), as a result of which the ventilation gap under the ridge would be muffled.
The roof aerator is used to remove air from the under-roof space in cases where there is snow on the roof

Design features of aerators

There are two types of aerators available:

point;
linear or continuous (installed over the entire length of the slope or ridge).

In addition, they also differ in the place of installation - they are ridge and pitched.

The design of the aerator can be made in the form:

fungus;
tiles.

The aerator can be made of stainless steel, but today in most cases the material for such products is polypropylene. It is cheaper, and besides, plastic can be given any color. At the same time, it has sufficient strength to withstand the weight of a person, so that mounting or repair work on the roof can be carried out without difficulty.

The aerator has a replaceable element - a penetration, the design of which is selected taking into account the type of roofing.

Aerators can be equipped with a roof passage device adapted to a specific type of coating

The product can be equipped with a fan - it is necessary to create forced draft in roofs with a small slope (convection is weak in them due to the small height difference) or with complex shapes, where natural draft is not enough to overcome the aerodynamic resistance of fractures.

To prevent the ingress of precipitation and insects, the aerator opening is protected by a filter. The diameter of the aerators varies from 63 to 110 mm.

Calculation of roof ventilation

The task of calculating ventilation is to determine the necessary parameters under which the volume of incoming air will be sufficient for efficient removal pair.

The height of the ventilation ducts above the roof is determined taking into account their proximity to the ridge or parapet:

Roof ventilation device

The ventilation system of the roof is arranged in accordance with the type of roof.

Mansard roof ventilation

The attic roof is insulated. The layout of the ventilation gap in such a roof depends on what material is used as waterproofing.

Roof with waterproofing from a polymeric vapor-proof film

If the insulation is covered with a conventional film that does not allow water or steam to pass through, ventilation gaps are arranged on both sides of it: from above - to the roofing and from below - between the film and the insulation. Due to the presence of a gap between the waterproofing and the insulation, the latter is prevented from getting wet if moisture condenses on the film.

The lower and upper ventilation gaps must communicate in the region of the ridge, so the waterproofing film is not brought to it by 5 cm.

In order not to accidentally lay the heat insulator plates close to the waterproofing barrier, it is recommended to drive limiting carnations into the rafters.

When using a simple waterproofing film Ventilation gaps must be provided on both sides.

Roofing with superdiffusion membrane as waterproofing

The superdiffusion membrane is polymer film, in which microscopic conical holes are made. The membrane passes steam only in one direction, so it is important to lay it right side. There is no need to make a gap under it - the insulation is laid close to the membrane.

The height of the ventilation gap in the attic roof depends on the angle of inclination of the slope and its length.

Table: ventilation gap height for different roof slopes (in cm)

Length stingray roofs, m	Roof slope
Length stingray roofs, m	10°	15°	20°	25°	30°
5	5	5	5	5	5
10	8	6	5	5	5
15	10	8	6	5	5
20	10	10	8	6	5
25	10	10	10	8	6

Video: ventilated ridge device in a mansard roof

hip roof ventilation

The hip roof differs from the usual gable roof in the absence of gables, instead of which there are two triangular end slopes. The line of intersection of the end and longitudinal slopes is called the ridge. Roof ventilation is carried out according to the same principles as for a gable roof, while taking into account the following:

Installation of an aerator on different roof coverings

Requirements for the installation of ventilation elements depend on the type of roofing material.

Installation of an aerator on a metal tile

Installation of an aerator or ventilation outlet on a roof with a metal tile coating is carried out as follows:

On the roof, mark the installation sites of aerators. They should be no more than 60 cm from the ridge. The frequency of installation depends on the brand of the aerator and is indicated in its passport.
In the marked place, a template is applied to the coating (it is included in the kit), which must be circled with chalk or a marker.
In order to outline the contours of the hole to be cut out, use the template that is included in the aerator kit.
The outlined section of the roofing is cut out. Alternatively, you can first drill a series of small diameter holes along the contour, and then cut the gaps between them. You can do this with scissors for metal or a jigsaw.
A passage hole is cut along the drawn contour
The area adjacent to the resulting hole is cleaned of dirt and dust, and then treated with a degreasing compound.
A hole is cut in the casing (part of the aerator kit) with a diameter 20% smaller than the diameter of the element pipe. Thus, the casing will be put on the pipe with an interference fit, so the connection will be tight.
The pipe is inserted into the casing, after which it is carried out complete assembly aerator.
The edges of the hole in the cover, on which the skirt of the casing will be installed, are lubricated with a sealant for outdoor use.
The fungus is installed in place, while the casing is screwed to the roof with self-tapping screws.
The aerator casing is fixed to the crate from the outside and from the inside
The pipe is led into vertical position level and fixed. As a result, the deflector fixed on it should be at a height of at least 50 cm relative to the roof.
The head of the aerator should rise above the ridge by 50 cm
It remains to check the correct fastening of all elements from the inside, that is, from the side of the attic. Found defects or distortions must be corrected.

Installation of an aerator on a roof made of soft tiles

Basically, the process of installing a fungus aerator on a soft tile roof looks the same as on a metal tile one. The differences are in some details. Here's what to do:

Features of mounting the aerator on corrugated board

To install an aerator on a corrugated roof, a wooden box is usually used. The installation process looks like this:

After marking at the place of installation of the aerator, a cross-section is made in the corrugated board.
The resulting triangular petals are bent down and nailed to the rafters and other wooden elements.
According to the size of the opening, a box is knocked together from the boards. Then it is inserted into the opening and screwed with self-tapping screws to the elements of the truss system.
A fungus aerator pipe is installed and fixed in the box, after which all the cracks are filled with sealant.

Ondulin roof aerators

Ondulin manufacturers produce all the elements necessary both for ventilation of the under-roof space and for organizing access to the roof of various ventilation ducts. Here is their list:

Aerators.
Ventilation outlets of the hood with insulation. Exhaust ventilation ducts from the kitchen are connected to such outlets (the hood above the stove can also be connected here) and the bathroom. The pipe has a diameter of 125 mm and is equipped inside with a special coating that counteracts the formation of grease and dirt deposits. From above, the outlet is equipped with a deflector that protects the internal cavity from precipitation and improves traction.
Pipes for the ventilation outlet of bathrooms and kitchen hoods are painted in the main colors of ondulin
Sewer ventilation outlets without insulation. These outputs are connected fan pipes sewer lines. Without communication with the atmosphere in the sewer, during a salvo descent of water, a decrease in pressure will be observed, which can lead to a breakdown of the siphons with subsequent penetration into the room unpleasant odors. The diameter of the sewer outlet is 110 mm.
Ventilation sewer outlets with insulation. Such outlets differ from the previous version by the presence of a sheath made of polyurethane or another polymer (thickness is 25 mm), which helps to reduce heat loss and thereby minimizes the amount of condensation on the inner surface.
The ventilation outlet for the sewer can have a protective sheath made of polymer material to reduce the amount of condensate that forms.

To connect the ventilation outlets to the corresponding channels, it is usually used corrugated pipes. The length of the outlet is 86 cm, and after installation, the length of the outer part, that is, the height of the outlet above the roof, is 48 cm.

Installation of ventilation outlets and aerators is carried out as follows:

There are situations when it is not possible to use a base sheet with a ready-made opening and a sealing element. Then the opening in the coating is cut out independently, and the gap between its edges and the removed pipe is sealed using the Enkryl waterproofing system, which is just designed to seal problematic joints. It is applied like this:

The area around the opening is treated with a degreasing compound.
Next, the first layer of Enkryl sealant is applied to it and to the pipe brought out into the opening with a brush.
The pipe or aerator is wrapped with a reinforcing fabric, such as viscose Polyflexvlies Roll. Here it is necessary to pause - the sealant must soak the fabric well.
The fabric wrap is covered with a second layer of Enkryl, which is also applied with a brush.

This method of sealing the passage through the roof is designed for 10 years. After this period, the waterproofing will need to be renewed.

To seal joints and crevices, instead of fabric and paste-like sealant, you can use Onduflash-Super adhesive tape.

Video: installation of ventilation on ondulin

Installation of ventilation elements on a seam roof

For installation of roof ventilation elements on a folded roof (covering is made of metal sheets) it is best to use a universal sealant for roof passages. It consists of a square aluminum flange on a silicone lining and a stepped pyramid attached to it made of the same silicone or special rubber, resistant to ultraviolet and other atmospheric influences. The size of the seal must be selected so that the inner diameter of the pyramid is approximately 20% smaller than the outer diameter of the aerator or ventilation outlet.

Installation is carried out as follows:

The aluminum flange of the universal seal is flexible and can be molded into any shape. Due to this, the element can be installed not only on flat roofs like seam, but also on wavy ones, such as ondulin, slate, corrugated board and metal tiles.

Roof vent installation

In the place where there is a ventilation outlet to the roof, a so-called passage unit is installed, the main task of which is to seal the gap between the pipe and the roofing. Nodes can be very different both structurally and externally. Basically, the following varieties are distinguished:

Equipped with a valve and not having one: the presence of a valve allows you to control the movement of air in the ventilation system. The passage nodes equipped with this element are installed mainly on the roofs of administrative and industrial buildings. Units without an adjustment valve do not provide for, but they are cheaper.
With and without insulation: the first in their design have a layer of mineral wool (this insulation is non-combustible) and are used in regions with a cold climate. The presence of thermal insulation prevents moisture condensation on the internal surfaces of the unit.
With manual (mechanical) and automatic control: in the first case, the damper is moved to one position or another by the user, pulling the cable attached to it. In the second, the damper is driven by a servomotor, which is controlled by an electronic controller. Such a system, with the help of appropriate sensors, can analyze the temperature and humidity in the room and, taking into account these indicators, regulate the throughput of the ventilation ducts.

The cross section of the node can be rectangular, round and oval. When choosing this element, the following microclimate parameters are taken into account:

relative humidity;
the content of dust and chemical contaminants in the air (gas contamination);
temperature fluctuations in the room.

The ventilation outlet is installed in the same way as the aerator, with the only difference that it must be carried out not only through the roofing, but also through the waterproofing and vapor barrier film. To do this, proceed as follows:

Video: installation of a ventilation outlet to the roof

Installation of a ridge aerator

Ridge aerators may have different design, but in most cases the installation is done like this:

The old coating is dismantled from the ridge zone (if the roof is new, this paragraph of the instruction should be skipped).
If a solid crate is laid under the coating, a line is drawn on it parallel to the ridge, spaced from it by 13 mm (on both slopes).
Along the drawn lines circular saw a cut is made with an indent of 300 mm from the outer walls.
A ventilation cut is made on both sides along the entire length of the roof, not reaching 30 cm to the gables
Two ridge shingles are attached to the edges of the roof.
Roof aerators are bent to the desired angle, depending on the angle of the roof.
Aerators are installed with an overlap in place. During installation, it must be taken into account that the covering and covered ends are structurally different. It is not necessary to seal the overlap points. The partitions available for the aerators must lie on the floor. If this rule is not observed, water may flow under the roof.
Aerators are fastened with nails, which must be driven into specially made holes. The sides in the process of driving nails must be alternated.
The ridge aerator is fastened with nails through special holes
The last aerator is cut to length with a margin of 13 mm. Its edges are superimposed on the previous part.
The roofing is laid, which must be fixed with nails or self-tapping screws. It is necessary to drive or screw fasteners into a specially marked area on the ridge aerator. It is marked as such: “roofing fixation zone”.
The ridge aerator is covered with roofing material, which is fastened through specially marked holes
The places where the ends of the chain of aerators adjoin the roof are sealed with a special mastic, which is usually supplied with the aerator. To do this, you need to prepare a mounting gun.

Video: installation of a ridge aerator

Under no circumstances should roof ventilation be neglected. There are no elements in the roof structure, except perhaps for films that would be immune to the negative effects of moisture, and in the absence of it good ventilation will certainly appear. Following the recommendations outlined in this article, you will ensure a long service life of the roof and a cozy microclimate not only in the attic, but also in other areas of the house.

A roof vent is the end element of a vent or aerator system through which a pipe exits. Products ensure the tightness of the junction of communications with the roof, and also provide an aesthetic appearance of the unit. The so-called fungi protect the ventilation system from precipitation and wind blowing.

The need to pass ventilation pipes through the roof is due to the fact that it is this method that allows you to create natural draft in the system. The location of the output at a height will ensure the creation of a comfortable atmosphere in the room, accelerate the removal of waterlogged and polluted air from the kitchen, bathroom or workshop.

The most important advantage of hood fungi is that they eliminate the need for a bulky brick riser. The sealed outlet allows you to lay pipes in any convenient way. The use of such a design is much cheaper, less time and money are spent on its installation, a ready-made solution does not spoil the look of the roof and does not require any maintenance.

Assortment of ventilation outlets for corrugated sheets, rebates, metal tiles, soft roofs

The design of the fungus includes not only the visible part, but also a system of passage and sealing elements, as well as pipes (for individual models). For some products, you can pick up an adapter for use as. Generally design features such elements depend on the type of coating on which the installation will be performed.

Our catalog contains outlets of various foreign and domestic brands, including:

Finnish. Premium products that have earned the trust of professionals. The manufacturer offers many solutions for a wide variety of roofs;
. Budget series, which is made of reliable rubber and silicone. The catalog contains penetrations for cables with a thickness of 6 mm and pipes with a diameter of up to 100 cm. Important distinguishing feature products - heat resistance;
. Produced under the Russian brand in Denmark and are advantageous combination reliability and availability. Items are shipped assembled. The catalog contains penetrations for corrugated board;
. The outlets of the Russian brand are made from materials that are resistant to fading. The range includes many models for common types of roofing.

To buy an outlet for ventilation pipe on the roof, place an order on our website or provide information about the order by phone.

Soft roofing is a term that combines a range of flexible roofing materials with excellent consumer qualities. Its piece and roll varieties flawlessly protect the house from atmospheric "misfortunes" and effectively decorate the exterior. They weigh little, do not require effort in cutting and fastening. Among the pluses, the ability to lay the coating with one's own hand appears solidly.

For an ideal result, it is not necessary to have the skills of a roofer. You need skill, patience, a tool and information about how the technology of laying a soft roof differs from other methods and how to properly arrange a roof.

Materials from the group of soft roofing are modified versions of the good old roofing material. New developments borrowed from their predecessor the flexibility and lightness that rightfully top the list of advantages. Kept steadfast water repellency, thanks to which the wooden base and truss system last longer. The composition has improved, due to which the terms of the impeccable work of materials have increased threefold.

With a focus on the laying method, the class of soft roofing is divided into three types:

Roll materials, supplied in the format corresponding to the name. These include bituminous descendants of roofing material and new representatives, such as polymer membranes. Roll coverings stacked in stripes. Bituminous materials fastened by fusing, polymer - by partial or complete gluing. With their help, they mainly equip flat and sloping roofs with slopes up to 3º, up to 9º is acceptable. Rolls are in demand mostly in industrial construction;
Roofing mastics supplied ready-made or cold to be heated. Sprayed or applied in a thick layer on flat roofs, resulting in a monolithic coating without seams. Reinforcing mesh is used for reinforcement. The scope of application is limited to flat roofs.
bituminous tiles supplied in flexible shingles. In fact, this is an improved roofing material, cut into relatively small sheets. The edge of the shingles is decorated with figured petals to imitate a ceramic prototype. The back side is equipped with an adhesive strip designed to be attached to a wooden base. Glue piece by piece. Additionally, roofing nails or self-tapping screws are hammered into each shingle. From the heating of the bituminous roof sunbeams there is a sintering of tiles and their transformation into a continuous roofing shell.

In private low-rise construction, a piece variety is actively in demand, because. flat and low pitched roofs over one- or two-story residential buildings very rarely built. "Flat" fate domestic buildings, however, not every owner decides to buy membranes and mastics for the roof of a barn. So, we will pay attention to the installation of the most popular shingles.

Step by step installation of shingles

Roofs with any steepness and degree of architectural complexity are covered with piece flexible material. True, bituminous tiles are not recommended for roofing if the angle of inclination of the slopes is less than 11.3º. The material is produced by numerous manufacturers. Each of them seeks to communicate own products unique qualities and useful properties for the stacker.

Despite some differences, the soft roofing technology is carried out according to the same scheme. There are small nuances, but they are not fundamental.

Foundation preparation rules

Flexibility is an advantage and a disadvantage of bituminous coating. On the one hand, it allows you to noticeably speed up the process. After all, it takes a little time and a minimum of effort to form junctions, sinking pipes, arranging valleys and cornices. On the other hand, due to the flexibility of the material, a continuous batten is required so that the flexible shingles rest completely on a solid, even base.

You can build a continuous crate before installing a soft roof:

from OSB-3 boards, recommended based on budget cost and sufficient strength;
from sheets of moisture-resistant plywood with the FSF marking;
from grooved or edged boards, the moisture content of which should not be less than 20%.

Sheet material is placed in the type gap brickwork. It is important that there are no cruciform joints. It is necessary that the weak areas of the joining of the plates are evenly distributed over the counter-lattice. In the seams, gaps of 2-3 mm should be left, which are required for the free movement of the truss system during temperature fluctuations.

Plank flooring is installed parallel to the roof overhangs. Also in a run, if the length of the board is not enough for the slope. The place of joining of two boards on the slope should be supported on the beam of the counter-lattice, four nails should be hammered into it. Ordinary boards are fixed with two nails on both sides. They must be laid so that there is a gap of 3-5 mm between the longitudinal elements. Before work edged boards sorted. Those that are thicker should be distributed at the base of the ramp, those that are lighter should be sent up.

Ventilation is the key to perfect service

The excellent water-repellent properties of the bituminous coating are due to the scanty number of pores that can pass moisture and air. Reliable hydro-barrier acts in both directions. Raindrops do not penetrate inside the roof structure, but steam does not come out. If you do not provide a free path for evaporation, condensate will accumulate on the wooden roof trusses and the crate. Those. a fungus will start, because of which you will have to say goodbye to a solid roof.

In the name of long-term flawless service, it is necessary to arrange a roof ventilation system, including:

vents designed for air flow in the area of cornices. In addition to the inflow, they are required to ensure the free movement of air from the bottom up along the planes of the slopes. The vents are open channels formed by a crate and a counter-crate;
ventilation gap between the bituminous roof and the insulation laid on top of the vapor barrier. It is intended for washing with an air stream of a heater;
holes in the upper zone of the roofing cake. These can be either ends of the slopes that are not closed at the top, or specially arranged vents with a plastic barrel resembling a miniature chimney.

Ventilation must be arranged in such a way as to exclude the formation of air sacs in the under-roof space.

Laying an insulating carpet

It is highly recommended by all shingle manufacturers without exception to lay an additional waterproofing mat before installing the shingles. The list of materials suitable for carpet is usually indicated in the briefing. The product specified or equivalent in terms of characteristics is approved for use.

Replacement is highly undesirable, tk. a compound that is incompatible with the coating will prevent the bituminous layers from coalescing into a monolith and will promote swelling. Polyethylene is excluded. Ruberoid too, because the service life flexible roofing more. It is unreasonable to lay a less durable material under a coating designed for 15-30 years of operation.

The technology of laying an insulating carpet under flexible tiles includes two options, depending on the steepness of the roof:

Installation of a solid carpet on pitched roofs with a slope angle from 11.3º / 12º to 18º. Roll waterproofing lay in strips, starting from the overhang, moving towards the ridge. Each strip laid on top should overlap the previous strip with its own ten cm. If you need to join two segments in one row, they are laid with an overlap of 15 cm. The overlap is carefully, but without fanaticism, smeared with bituminous mastic. To the base of the insulation strip are attached roofing nails after 20-25 cm. On top of the solid carpet, strips of barrier water-repellent protection are laid in the valleys and on the overhangs, as well as around the roof junctions. Then the ridge and convex corners of the roof are equipped with the original insulating material;
Laying partial insulation on pitched roofs with a slope of 18º or more. In this case bitumen-polymer material valleys and overhangs are protected, and only the edges of the gables, the ridge and other convex corners are covered with strips of an insulating carpet. Insulation, as in the previous case, borders the intersections of the roof with pipes of communications and roof connections. The width of the bitumen-polymer barrier along the overhangs is 50 cm, in valleys it is 1 m, so that each of the protected slopes has 50 cm. When laying around junctions and pipes, the insulating strip is partially led onto the walls so that 20-30 cm of the vertical surface overlap with the material.

The device of a flexible roof with partial waterproofing is allowed by manufacturers, but among them there are no ardent supporters of this method. Naturally, precipitation is less delayed on steep slopes, but the circumstances are different: ice, slanting rain, etc. Better to be safe.

The bitumen-polymer carpet for the valleys is selected to match the tiles. A slight deviation from the color of the coating is allowed if there is a desire to emphasize the lines of open grooves. It is desirable that the valleys are covered with a continuous strip of barrier insulation. But if the joining of two pieces cannot be avoided, it is better to arrange it in the upper part of the roof with an overlap of 15-20 cm. There is the least load. The overlap must be smeared with bituminous mastic.

Protecting gables and eaves

The roof perimeter is equipped metal strips. They are needed to protect the weakened sections of the crate from moisture and as roof design elements. The slats are laid on the edge of the gables and overhangs with an edge. The rib line must match the outline line of the roof. Fasten with roofing nails in a zigzag pattern after 10-15 cm.

If it becomes necessary to join two planks, they are laid with an overlap of 3-5 cm, at least 2 cm. The gable planks overlap the eaves at the corners of the roof. In places of end and docking overlaps, fasteners are driven in after 2-3 cm.

Most resilient roof manufacturers advise installing both types of metal protection over the underlayment. However, the developers of the Shinglas brand recommend that the cornice strips be placed under the carpet, and the gables on top of it. Before installing the pediment and cornice planks on the plank sheathing, they also advise first nailing the bar, and attaching a metal protection to it.

Formation of passages through the roof

Roof-crossing chimneys, utility risers, antennas, own ventilation holes need special arrangements. They create a potential hazard in the form of an open path for water leaks. Therefore, before installing the coating, the places of the roof penetration are covered with sealing devices or systems. Among them:

Rubber seals designed to close points of small diameter. Antenna holes, for example;
Polymeric passage elements used for equipping roof intersections with sewer and ventilation risers. They are produced specifically for the arrangement of roofs. Passers are fastened with corny nails to a continuous crate. Bituminous tiles are laid on top, which in fact are cut around the passage and fixed with bituminous mastic;
Plastic adapters for own roof ventilation. Close the holes with vents, ridge element with evaporative channels, perforated fittings for cornices.

The rules for arranging the passages of large chimneys should be considered separately. In addition to the threat of leaks, they are also a fire hazard. Chimneys are sealed in several stages:

the walls of the pipe are protected by parts cut from asbestos-cement slabs according to its actual dimensions;
along the perimeter of the pipe, a triangular bar treated with flame retardant is mounted. To make it, you can split a bar diagonally. A skirting board is suitable for replacement. The bar for arranging the chimney is not attached to the crate! It must be fixed on the walls of the pipe;
lay flexible tiles, winding the shingles on the bar;
details are cut out from the valley carpet according to the size of the pipe with set bar. The width of the parts is at least 50 cm. Patterns are fastened with a 30 cm lead to the pipe walls with glue or bituminous mastic. First, the front part is glued, then the side parts, and finally the back part. The lower edge is placed on top of the laid tiles, the upper edge is inserted into a stab on the pipe wall;
at the end, the multilayer insulation system is fixed by installing a metal apron with the treatment of the joints with silicone sealant.

There is a simpler and cheaper way: the details of the insulating lining of the pipe are not cut out of the carpet, but directly from galvanized metal. Then half of the stages of work will disappear by itself.

Wall junctions are sealed in a similar way. Only there is no need to install asbestos-cement protection, and the protected surfaces must be plastered and treated with a primer before arrangement.

Rules for laying cornice shingles

In order to create guidelines for the installer, it is better to pre-mark the roof with coated building cord. Horizontal lines are applied with a step equal to five rows of flexible tiles. Verticals are beaten off with a step of one shingle.

After preparing and marking the roofing surface, you can safely start laying flexible tiles, following the algorithm:

the cornice row of tiles is mounted on the overhang first. You can take a special ridge-cornice tile or cut out the starting element with your own hands by cutting the petals of an ordinary ordinary tile. It is necessary to retreat 0.8-1 cm from the edge of the metal cornice strip and glue the cornice shingle. For gluing from the adhesive layer, you need to remove the protective tape, and coat the remaining places with mastic;
the laid cornice tiles are fixed with roofing nails in increments equal to the width of the petal. wide hat when hammering, the hardware must be strictly parallel to the surface of the continuous crate. Skews are not allowed. Nails are hammered, stepping back from the upper edge of the shingle 2-3 cm. Fixation points should overlap with the next row of roofing;
the first row of shingles is laid. It is better to start from the center of the slope, so that it is easier to align horizontally. 1-2 cm should be retreated from the bottom line of the starting row and glued in an already tested way. Nailed with four nails at a distance of 2-3 cm from the groove between the petals;
installation of the second row is also more convenient to start from the middle. But the shingle must be shifted so that the tab is above the groove of the first row of tiles and the attachment points are completely closed;
the upper corner of the tiles laid next to the pediment is cut off in the form of an equilateral triangle with sides of 1.5-2 cm. pruning is needed to break the water.

You can continue laying shingles in a linear fashion, i.e. stacking the entire row, one after the other. It is possible according to the pyramidal method with “building up” from the middle of the slope to the edges or diagonally.

Two ways of arranging a valley

Two methods have been developed for the formation of the valley:

Open groove device. Roof tiles laid up to the axis of the valley on both adjacent slopes. Only nails stop hammering already at a distance of 30 cm from the axis. After laying with a coated cord, the valley lines are beaten off on the slopes, along which the coating is carefully trimmed. The width of the groove is from 5 to 15 cm. In order not to cause damage to the soft roof during cutting, a plank is placed under the tiles. The corners of the tiles located near the valley are cut to repel water, then the back side of the coating elements is coated with mastic and glued.
Closed groove device. Tiles are laid first on a slope with the smallest slope so that approximately 30 cm of material is located on an adjacent slope. At the top, the shingles are fastened with nails. After that, the second slope is covered, then a line is beaten off on it, stepping back from the axis of 3-5 cm, along which cutting is made. The corners of the tiles are cut to repel water, after which the cut loose elements are glued to the mastic.

The nuances of laying tiles on the ridge

Upon completion of the installation of tiles on the slopes, they begin to equip the ridge. The ventilation channels in the body of the crate must be left open, so a gap of 0.5-2 cm is left between the tops of the slopes. To ensure ventilation, the skate is equipped with a plastic aerator. It is not very attractive, therefore, for the sake of aesthetics, it is decorated with universal ridge-cornice tiles or tiles cut from shingles.

Nail the tiles with 4 nails. Each subsequent element must cover the fasteners of the previous one. Tiles are mounted on the ridges from the bottom up. The ridge is arranged in the direction of the prevailing winds so that the open areas turn to the leeward side.

In detail, the process of installing a soft roof with explanations step by step technology styling will demonstrate the video:

No special difficulties were found in the construction of a soft roof. There is technological features. If they are strictly observed, styling can be done independently with excellent results.

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