Do-it-yourself mansard roof - drawings, instructions, tips. Do-it-yourself technology for building a mansard roof
The popularity of the mansard roof (and living space attic type under it) was brought by the Frenchman Francois Mansart. In the 17th century, he began to decorate and use the attic for residential purposes, providing the under-roof space with windows and turning it into inexpensive housing. Since then, by the name of this architect, the space under a steep roof has been called an attic. In Paris, it became fashionable to keep a residential attic, which continued to be considered an attic and was not taxed.
Attics can have the most different shape: triangular or, be asymmetrical, go the entire width of the building or only one side. Sometimes the attic floor can go beyond the boundaries of the walls of the building itself, in this case additional supports are used - columns or walls. Various designs attics allow you to revive the look of houses.
The main feature of the mansard roof is the division of the slope into two parts, when the upper one remains gentle, and the lower one, which forms the walls, becomes steeper. If you use different slope angles and raise one of them, you can significantly increase the useful area of \u200b\u200bthe attic. A sloping roof with an inclined truss system is considered the most common version of the mansard roof.
Photo of mansard roofs
The mansard roof, like any original building element, has its pluses and minuses, the assessment of which will allow you to correctly orient yourself before the construction of this structure.
Benefits of attics
- The living area is increased by using the attic space.
- Improved appearance of the building.
- Savings on energy consumption by reducing heat loss through the roof.
- You can install an attic in two levels.
- Works are carried out without resettlement of residents.
- There is no need to use heavy equipment.
Disadvantages of attics
- Sloped ceilings reduce the height of the walls - lost effective area premises.
- The need for more expensive skylights.
- Snow accumulates on the windows, reducing the insolation of the room.
- You need a complex thermal insulation, as well as waterproofing.
- Psychologically, life in a room with sloping walls makes people feel threatened, so it is better to use the attic as a temporary residence (library, recreation room, billiard room).
It is better to initially introduce a mansard roof into the design of the house. This will make correct calculations loads on load-bearing structures and correctly position window openings.
The most comfortable version of the attic is obtained if the height of the attic space is two meters and twenty centimeters, and the width is at least three meters.
A spiral staircase will be the most aesthetic and economical option for entering the attic.
Usually on the attic floor they make full-fledged housing, that is, they provide good thermal insulation, soundproofing and pleasant external and interior view. or ceramic tiles provide the best thermal insulation.
Attic windows are mounted in the roof and serve to illuminate and ventilate the room, simultaneously performing decorative functions. The roof is covered with any good roofing material, equipped with grounding (in case of a thunderstorm) and a drain.
From the inside, the surface is ennobled with wood, drywall, plywood or block house. In interior decoration lofts use space as ergonomically as possible by arranging shelving and furniture in steps.
When building a mansard roof with your own hands, do not forget to thoroughly soak everything wooden elements protective solutions that slow down the spread of fire, protect against insects and prevent the process of decay.
Mansard roof construction
Mansard roof in its design is very different from the usual. The durability of the mansard roof depends on the literacy of the project, the right choice of materials and the quality of installation.
If the attic is being completed on an existing building, then light structures and materials must be used. Bearing structures for attics, you can choose wooden, metal or reinforced concrete. When the attic floor is formed on a separate level, the main weight is transferred to the supporting pillars.
If the mansard roof is not properly insulated, then it will be cold in the attic in winter and too hot in summer. The type and quality of thermal insulation will determine the level of heat loss and the comfort of living conditions both in the attic and in the lower floors.
Roofing pie in the attic system performs a dual function: heat-insulating and waterproofing. From the work of the parts under roofing cake the operational characteristics of the roof, the life of the roof without repairs and the overall performance of the entire attic system depend.
Typically, the construction of a roofing pie consists of a vapor barrier layer, layers of insulation and waterproofing. Roof waterproofing protects inside roofing from condensation and at the same time prevents the penetration of moisture from the outside.
With proper preparation and correct calculations, a mansard roof can be built independently, however, in order to avoid mistakes and miscalculations at the design and technological level, it is better to entrust the construction of such a roof to professionals.
The reason for the construction of the attic is most often the desire to increase the area of \u200b\u200bliving premises in the house without rebuilding it. An attic is considered to be a floor in the attic, the facade of which forms a roof. The attic can occupy the entire area of the attic or only part of it. This room can be of any configuration.
It is most convenient if, even during construction, the owners of the house provide that they will have a house with an attic. This allows you to determine in advance the loads and shapes of the mansard roofs. But this rarely happens - most often the attic is arranged in a finished building.
To organize an attic, the attic space must be at least two and a half meters and have a width of at least three meters. If the attic is organized in finished house, then it is necessary to insulate the roof, calculate window openings.
Mansard roof options
The types of roofs of private houses with an attic (photos are presented below) are quite diverse.
Roofs are suitable for the construction of the attic following form:
- shed, which is an inclined area fixed on the bearing walls;
- gable - consist of two slopes directed in opposite directions, making them rigid and reliable;
- broken (a subspecies of gable) - consist of broken slopes directed in opposite directions, most profitable option for the device of the attic;
- hip or half-hip - have four slopes; at the end slopes are in the form of beveled triangles, the side slopes are trapezoid; y to protect the gable part from negative external influences cut side slopes;
- hipped (pyramidal) - types of mansard roofs, used very rarely, have four or more faces, slopes - isosceles triangles converging vertices to one point, used in the construction of square or polygonal houses.
Thus, the types of roofs of private houses with an attic are determined primarily by their shape.
On a note
The most suitable for the attic is a broken line pitched roof, which has a very small angle of inclination at the bottom of the slope.
With a roof height of five meters (up to the ridge), it is even possible to arrange a two-level attic. The gable roof is the most inconvenient in this sense, since the usable area begins in a place where the slope reaches one and a half meters.
Regardless of the shape of the mansard roofs, they should not have too heavy a roof (plastic tiles and corrugated board are suitable), they must be insulated and organized natural ventilation. For the construction of walls and ceilings, it is preferable to use drywall, which has a small specific gravity and smooth surface, allowing you to get by with a minimum layer of plaster.
Features that distinguish all types of mansard roofs
- The mansard roof must fulfill additional functions, as it is also the walls of the attic.
- The height of the mansard roof cannot be less than two and a half meters.
- Requires installation, equipped with tempered glass and a reinforced frame, which are one and a half, two times more expensive than usual.
- All types of mansard roofs of private houses are much more difficult to equip than ordinary ones, since they have a multilayer structure.
- Mansard roofs are an order of magnitude more expensive than conventional ones.
If the attic is provided in the project of the house, it is possible:
- choose the most suitable shape roofs,
- lengthen the rafter legs (take away from the walls by about 50-55 cm),
- calculate loads,
- determine the location for the windows.
The distance between the rafters is also important, which is determined depending on the roofing material. The heavier the roof, the thicker the bars should be, and the smaller the distance between them.
All types of mansard roofs require special attention when providing natural light. With any form of roof, a vertical window cannot save the attic from twilight, as it creates significant light differences, which entail problems when arranging furniture. The end straight wall is occupied by a window; nothing high can be placed against it. There can be no talk of an original interior solution.
Everything changes if slanted skylights are installed, which evenly illuminate the entire room. Experts have calculated that when they are used, the quality of lighting in the attic increases by as much as 40%. And at the vertical end wall, you can put, for example, a wardrobe or a bookshelf.
mansard roofs in the photo
It is also very important to correctly calculate required amount windows and their size. It should be borne in mind that most often the window is installed at a height of a meter from the floor. It is this arrangement that allows you to adequately illuminate the area necessary for comfortable living.
In an effort to make the most of any available area in his country house owners sooner or later come to the arrangement of the attic. And many dream to cope with this on their own.
But do they know that a do-it-yourself mansard roof will actually be reliable and durable only if certain rules and requirements are followed during its construction. It would not be entirely correct to say that the construction of a mansard roof according to technology is very different from the construction of other roofs, however, there is still a certain difference. So what is the difference between a mansard roof device?
Varieties of mansard roofs
Do-it-yourself mansard roof is a great opportunity expand the usable space in a private house. What will be the dimensions of the space enclosed between the gables of the building and the slopes of the roof depends on the shape and design of the roof.
Mansard roof: photo of a roof with broken slopes
The roof of the mansard type is of several types:
Shed. This is the simplest option, however, in practice it is rarely used, for the most part, to make attics in small country houses.
Mansard roof projects with two slopes
The following types of gable roofs are distinguished: gable and broken. Gable gable, perhaps, has no rivals in popularity yet. Neither its design nor its own construction, as a rule, does not cause any particular difficulties.
Gable roof attic
The scheme of the mansard roof with a symmetrical gable system is quite simple. The pediments of such houses, more often wooden, have a triangular shape. AT load-bearing structure Gabled mansard roofs include sloping or hanging rafters.
On a note: for buildings up to 6 m wide, the classic roof option with a slope of 45 degrees is considered optimal. For wider ones, pointed ones are suitable - with an angle of inclination of 60 degrees.
The design of the mansard roof gable
A broken mansard roof differs from a gable roof by the presence on each of the slopes of two sloped planes, gentle and steep. The slope of the upper one is about 20–30 degrees, the lower one is 60–80 degrees. This is an economical option for a private house, the width of which is not more than 6 m. Making a broken mansard roof with your own hands is a little more difficult, but it pays off with a full area attic floor, which allows you to equip inside the bedroom, nursery, kitchen, etc. The frame of this type of mansard roof consists of trusses in which the rafters are reinforced with racks, and the lower belt becomes the basis of the attic floor. The fracture points are reinforced with stretch marks.
The design of the attic floor of a broken and plucked roof
Another type of gable is a half-hip. It can be designed as a whole as a conventional symmetrical truss structure based on a Mauerlat, with the only difference being that there are small slopes above its gables.
Four-pitched mansard roof
The design of the hipped roof allows you to equip an additional floor under it - spacious and comfortable. Installation of a mansard roof with four slopes is certainly more difficult than the manufacture of a gable system. Its truss system is considered the most complex. A special approach requires the placement of skylights. In a hip roof, they are usually installed in the plane of the roof pie. Beautiful provide effective lighting.
Important: There is, however, a certain drawback in such a solution. If the windows are not tightly closed during bad weather, the room will flood rainwater.
Vertical skylights on a Danish hip roof
More practical in this sense is the Danish version. Unlike the classic hip, in their upper part there are gables that allow you to organize attic lighting using ordinary vertical windows.
Hip roof skeleton with attic
In a conventional hip roof, the rafters are straight, without fractures. The upper end of the corner ribs rests on a ridge, the length of which depends, in particular, on the planned truss system. Four-pitched roofs are also broken. The implementation of such a design is rather complicated, but it allows to obtain a significant increase in accordance with the plan. usable space attic floor.
Tent attic - almost hip. Almost, because all its slopes, having the shape of an isosceles triangle, are mated at one point, that is, the hipped roof does not have a ridge.
domed roof
The variety of mansard roofs does not end there.
- Multi-pinched, which are a combination of several gables, have a complex geometry with many kinks.
- Conical, vaulted, domed with exquisite design, etc.
All of these options are considered very difficult to execute and initially require professional approach. This is a whole range of tasks, from drawing and calculation to coating material, for which you need to find the right decision. The unusual and special aesthetics of these roofs, as a rule, increases the number of pitched breaks that form many internal corners(valley). Each of them carries a potential danger to the integrity of the roof. In these areas, as a rule, rainwater is retained and snow bags are formed, which cause leaks.
Roofs of houses with an attic: photos of the main floor options
Calculating a mansard roof in this case is almost impossible without special skills, so if your dream is a do-it-yourself attic roof, then choose a project with less complex elements so as not to face the need for constant repairs.
How to calculate a mansard roof
The design of the mansard roof, compared to the usual one, is distinguished by the presence of many additional elements, for example, exits to the roof or skylights. Quite often, attic projects also include balconies or terraces. All this, of course, somewhat complicates the rafter system of the structure, along with its calculation.
A mansard roof is erected not only during the construction of a house, it can also be a reconstruction non-residential attic in a residential heated room, and then its size and area can be severely limited. All this is taken into account when choosing and calculating the truss system. In addition to the rafters in carrier system, as a rule, include racks, crossbars, struts, suspensions, and for each of them it is necessary to correctly calculate the section.
Mansard roof: attic frame drawings
Roof area calculation
The next step is to calculate the area of the roof itself. The simplest options are single and gable roofs. To calculate the area, elementary formulas from the school geometry course are used: the length and width of the slope are multiplied. For a single-slope, this will be the desired value, and for a dual-slope, the obtained values \u200b\u200bare added.
Let's take a more complex, broken surface as an example. To calculate the area, it is conditionally divided into separate elementary geometric figures, calculate the area of each of them and add the results.
The plan of the mansard roof will help to isolate the figures required for the calculation
How to calculate the slope of the roof without errors
How to build a mansard roof so that it is comfortable and warm, but at the same time safe, resistant to various influences, and within an estimate that matches your capabilities? When constructing an attic, it is necessary to take into account all the requirements as a whole, since they are, to one degree or another, interrelated. For example,
- with a large angle of inclination, the load on the truss system is much reduced. This is on the one hand, and on the other hand, the useful area of the attic is reduced, and material costs increase significantly;
- an excessively small slope increases the climatic loads experienced by the roof, so the calculation is carried out taking into account increased strength. At the same time, the weight of the structure increases, due to which the loads on the foundation increase significantly.
The relationship between the angle of inclination and the truss system
When calculating the angle of inclination, the following factors are taken into account:
- climatic conditions, in particular, the level of precipitation in the area, maximum wind and snow loads;
- architectural solution;
- design features of the house and attic;
- roofing material.
Formulas for calculating the angle of inclination of the hip roof
For an individual calculation of the slope, knowledge of the basics of geometry is sufficient. In the section from the side of the gables, the roof most often has a triangular shape. Having the height and base values, you can easily calculate the length of the side and the value of the angle adjacent to it. In the calculations, Bradis tables are used, which allow the angle itself to be found by the value of the tangent.
How to build a mansard roof
So, how to make a mansard roof so that the space under it becomes as convenient and useful as possible? We will not focus your attention on the description and calculation of the truss system, and we will begin a step-by-step description of the attic roof assembly with the installation of a Mauerlat.
Mauerlat is a bar with square section(100x100 or 150x150 mm), on which the entire roof structure. Moreover, it evenly distributes the load on the foundation and building construction. It must be carefully secured. For example, in brick houses a beam of monolithic concrete is poured into which mounting studs are mounted, on which a Mauerlat is mounted.
Mauerlat attached to the wall
To build a sloping roof for the attic, you first need to get a frame for the walls. This is a construction of vertically installed support posts with horizontal ligaments. Their height, taking into account the requirements for the attic room, should be at least 2 m. The rafter system will be assembled on the frame in the future, so the support posts are installed in accordance with the rafter pitch calculated before.
The construction of the frame of a broken mansard roof
The installation order is as follows:
- along the fronts of the building, U-shaped racks are mounted;
- a cord is pulled strictly horizontally between them, if necessary, the racks are adjusted in height;
- with a guide to the cord, the rest of the arches are installed;
- connect them with horizontal bridges.
Rafter installation
Installation of rafters begins with having maximum angle tilt.
Installation of side rafters
A groove is cut at the base of the timber, and the upper part is cut at a certain angle. Then each rafter is fastened with a groove to the Mauerlat, and with the upper end of the main structure.
Fastening rafters to Mauerlat
The next step is the installation of the upper rafters. Here it is very important not to disturb the centering of the structure. To do this, you can make a template from long boards according to the optimal angle of inclination of these rafters.
Top rafter template
Then, according to the template, for convenience, first on the ground, L-shaped structures are made, they are raised to the roof and firmly fixed to the frame.
Important: for a heavy roof structure in long attics (more than 7 m), it is better to install a ridge beam through which the loads are evenly distributed.Depending on the selected coating, a solid or sparse crate is stuffed onto the rafters.
Attic roofing cake
The technology for building a mansard-type roof, as you can see, is not very complicated, however, it will be useful to see how practically how a mansard roof is built with your own hands. Video materials also present how to properly perform fasteners.
During the operation of a private house, country cottage or country house, often the question arises of increasing living space. It is usually solved by means of an extension or add-on.
Building a house is a tricky business. In addition, the residential extension has one significant drawback - it “steals” the usable area of the site.
Therefore, a popular way to expand living space individual home is the device of the second floor or attic, i.e. attic roof. The design of the mansard roof allows you to use the resulting space as a living space.
What is better attic or second floor
The following facts speak in favor of the attic: the cost of construction is lower, the best insulation living space, less load on the foundation. In general, the attic is the highlight of the house, giving it a certain flavor.
If in essence, then a full-fledged 2nd floor is more practical and easier in terms of implementation than an attic one. It all depends on the situation, if the house is being designed, then it is better to immediately provide for the second floor, because. arranging an attic is a more troublesome task. And if the house is residential and has a mansard-type roof, then it would be reasonable to equip a living room in it instead of an attic "for the right things."
Types of mansard roof
The optimum angle of inclination is 40°. The slope should be located on the leeward side. Allows you to equip a small attic above the attic. Due to only one acute angle, the usable area of \u200b\u200bthe room increases.
Double pitched mansard roof
A simple gable (pitch or gable) consists of two slopes connected at a certain angle. The advantage of a gable roof is the ease of manufacturing the rafter part and finishing. The disadvantage is the appearance of a "deaf" area (at the junction of the roof to the wall), which is usually not used. Often attic with gable roof erected along with the walls. A 45° pitched roof is ideal for houses up to 6m wide.
Asymmetrical gable roof. A private house with such a roof will be original and functional at the same time.
The complexity of building a roof with asymmetrical slopes is to carry out calculations.
Broken mansard roof. Its difference is that each slope has two components. Device broken roof allows you to get a higher attic room. And also reduce the unused area. Such roofs are the most common, due to the possibility of attaching a garage or a summer kitchen under one roof.
Four-pitched mansard roof
Hip mansard roof. In this design, the roof slopes play the role of walls.
One of the varieties of the hip mansard roof is the Danish hip roof. Its construction is distinguished by the presence of gables, which allow you to mount ordinary windows (dormer windows) rather than roof windows.
Semi-hip mansard roof (two-slope, four-slope). Complex design, low slopes protect the gables of the house from precipitation.
Pitched roofs can be single or multi-level.
Non-standard solutions are also quite possible for a mansard roof. Their device requires careful calculation of loads, stability, etc. Without special education, installation is difficult, so the cost of work is higher compared to classical designs.
Some examples of the original mansard roof are in the photo.
We have decided on the types, the question remains how to make a mansard roof with your own hands.
Brief instructions contain the main stages of work and draw your attention to some of the nuances of their implementation.
Stage 1 - Design and calculation
The choice of the appearance of the mansard roof, and the calculation of its parameters is made taking into account such factors as:
A reliable assistant in the calculations will be SNiP 2.01.07-85 "Loads and Impacts".
Nuance. The larger the angle of inclination, the lower the height will be. attic space(minimum ceiling height of a room on the attic floor is 2.2 m). Accordingly, than less angle the slope of the mansard roof, the larger the area of \u200b\u200bthe room. If the slope is insufficient, then precipitation can collect on the roof, which will lead to additional loads on it.
Closer attention is paid to the calculations if a non-standard mansard roof is being built. For example, an asymmetrical gable mansard roof has a displaced center of gravity. This affects the uniformity of load transfer to load-bearing walls and foundations.
At this stage, such an issue as a way to access the attic floor is also solved. The choice of the location of the stairs to the attic is an important decision. Internal layout allows you to use it at any time of the year. External allows you to save the usable area of the lower floor.
Advice. Ceiling folding ladder for the attic floor is the most economical option, but the least practical.
Mansard roof truss system
The choice of truss system is influenced by:
- attic dimensions;
- span parameters;
- roof shape;
- construction of the first floor;
- location of load-bearing walls and additional supports;
- roofing weight.
Mansard roof truss system design
There are two types of roof rafter system with an attic:
- hanging rafters. The walls of the house serve as the basis for the rafter legs. During the construction of hanging trusses, a mauerlat is not always installed (depending on the wall material);
- layered rafters. In this case, it is necessary to build an additional support. Which is used as a ridge run or an attic wall reinforced with reinforced concrete. The device of a layered truss system is allowed with a distance between the bearing walls of up to 7 meters.
The structural difference between the device of the roof with hanging and layered rafters is shown in the diagram.
When building a mansard roof, it is more often used combined type- hanging rafters on top of the system, and layered on the sides.
At the same time, drawings are necessarily made indicating the location of individual elements and the distance between them. An example is shown in the figure.
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Calculation of the rafter leg for the mansard roof
The choice of wood species and the rationale for its optimal thickness.
The amount of material required for the truss system depends on its type and all the factors listed above.
Nuance. The gap between the rafter legs depends on the lumber used.
The step of the rafter legs under the mansard roof will be 60-90 cm.
As a material, glued timber (80x80, 100x100 mm), a board (for slate and metal tiles section 50x150, for ondulin 50-200) can be used.
Nuance. The length of the spans increases the diameter (section) of the rafters or reduces the gap between them.
As for the breed, it is recommended to use pine. Its wood is characteristic high strength, flexibility, ease of processing, no knots. Commercial wood must be at least grade 2. Solid beams can be replaced with glued timber, it has higher quality characteristics.
The thickness of the board for the manufacture of rafters (section rafter leg) must be at least 50 mm. The width of the board for the rafter leg is from 150 mm (if the length of the rafters is up to 6 meters, if more, then 180-200 mm). On the one hand, this requirement is due to the fact that it has a load, on the other hand, a heater is placed between the rafter legs.
Council - any construction or restructuring must be legalized in the relevant authorities.
Stage 2 - Installing the Mauerlat
Mauerlat - additional wooden trim along the upper perimeter of the building.
The purpose of the Mauerlat is to create conditions for secure fastening of the lower part of the rafters. As well as the redistribution of the load, which is created from the pressure of the roof on the load-bearing walls and the foundation of the building.
Installation of a simple gable mansard roof requires the installation of a Mauerlat only on those walls on which the rafter legs will rest. A four-pitched roof requires its installation around the entire perimeter of the building.
Advice. AT wooden frame the role of the Mauerlat is played by the upper crown. This can be done, but subject to the installation of rafter legs on sliding fasteners. Because due to the load on the rafter system (wind, snow), horizontal pressure is created and the upper logs can move outward. In addition, if the material for the truss system is not properly dried, then over time, with rigid fastening, the roof is deformed.
Nuance. A stone cottage and house requires the arrangement of a Mauerlat around the entire perimeter of the outer walls. In brick, you can install its links only under the rafters.
Mauerlat parameters for logs - diameter 150 mm, for timber - 100x100 mm.
The breed is pine, but larch is better.
The Mauerlat mount must be reliable, because this is the basis for the entire truss system.
There are several ways to mount the Mauerlat: anchor bolts, studs or fittings (fixed in the base bearing wall);
Advice. If the building is erected from foam concrete or other porous material, only long bolts or reinforcement can be used, the length of which is 3 times the width of the Mauerlat beam. This is due to the fact that any other fasteners are pulled out very easily from a porous material.
- annealed wire (embedded in brickwork);
- wooden dowel (used when installing a Mauerlat in a log house).
Nuance. To prevent the destruction of the Mauerlat, it is necessary to provide proper waterproofing, for example, put roofing material, and treat the beam itself with antiseptic solutions.
If the width of the attic matches the width of the house, the rafter legs rest on the base of the load-bearing wall. But, it’s better to install a Mauerlat anyway.
Stage 3 - Mansard roof construction
Mansard roof frame device
Cover beams. Installed on the Mauerlat. In the future, they will serve as the basis for the device floor in the attic.
Mansard roof truss system
For a simple roof, the manufacture of rafter legs consists in the formation of simple triangles. They can be assembled on the ground and installed in the form of ready-made triangles.
For a gable sloping roof, a U-shaped frame is first attached, and the rafter part is already fixed on it in a hanging (for the top) and inclined (for the sides) way. The diagrams below show this more clearly.
The lower ends of the rafter leg must be sawn down and attached to the Mauerlat with nails or metal staples (movable fastening).
Nuance. Wash down the legs must be very accurate to ensure a snug fit to the Mauerlat.
Rafter legs are installed at the same distance from each other. Otherwise, the load on the system will be unevenly distributed.
Installation starts from the extreme legs. Then between them you need to pull the rope. So the horizontal will be maintained when installing the intermediate legs.
After all the rafters are installed, they are interconnected. The step of the lathing depends on the chosen roofing material.
Advice. Places intended for the installation of roof windows are reinforced with a transverse beam. Thus, the window will be securely fixed.
With a significant width of the mansard roof, you need to install a ridge beam. It will serve as an additional support. And part of the load (from the weight of the roof and snow) is redistributed to it.
With a considerable length, the ridge beam is supplemented by a support.
Mansard roof waterproofing
A hydrobarrier film is attached to the crate. The peculiarity of its fastening is to make an overlap of 100 mm. Most manufacturers mark the overlap with a bright stripe.
The waterproofing film is fastened with a construction stapler. And in case of rain, it will reliably protect the structure even in the absence of roofing material.
Mansard roof insulation
The insulation is placed under the waterproofing. Professionals recommend using flexible heaters for these purposes - mineral and basalt wool. Their advantage is flexibility, the ability to fill any voids.
Laying the vapor barrier
The vapor barrier film protects the roof insulation from steam penetrating into it from the attic living quarters.
Advice. It is important to provide the necessary gaps between the roofing material and the insulation. Their presence and parameters are determined by the type of insulation, the class of films used and the roofing material.
Mansard roof construction - video
Stage 4 - Installation of skylights
Windows area, for sufficient hit daylight, must be at least 12.5%.
Due to the design features of the mansard-type roof, special roof windows are used for glazing. The installation technology provides for the installation of windows before completion finishing works. In this case, the windows must be opened to provide access fresh air. In bad weather, they, of course, should be closed.
Stage 5 - Mansard roof roof
The construction of a spacious private house often involves the construction of an attic. This makes it possible to make each functional square meter area. At the same time, roofs differ in their features, appearance and construction technology.
What is an attic and how did it appear
In the 17th century, the French architect Francois Mansart began to use high roofs in the development of projects. This made it possible to achieve the necessary visual effects, to create Beautiful design building. The room under the high roof turned out to be quite spacious and the architect suggested using it as a room for not too eminent guests or service personnel. In the 18th century, attics became widespread in Russia, for example, in St. Petersburg, many buildings were equipped with spacious attics and complex roofs. In the future, the advantages of such structures became more popular.
Attic makes the building more functional
The attic is a residential attic located under a high roof. This area usually occupies free space under the roof, but options are also possible in which the room is located only in a certain part of the attic. The height of the walls of the sloping ceiling often does not exceed 1.5 m, and then the angle of the roof slope begins. The designs can be different, but always the attic requires a certain arrangement, involving insulation, equipment for the living area.
When it is impossible and when it is possible to make an attic
Equipped and comfortable attic is an additional living space in the house. At the same time, there are situations when it is impossible to make the attic a residential and comfortable room. In such cases, significant problems arise and the room may be inconvenient to use.
The attic can be very small, but for the arrangement it is important to take into account certain requirements.
Creating a living space in the attic is complicated or impossible in the following situations:
- if the ceiling height at the highest point is less than 2.4 m;
- too low, hindering the movement of the location of the horizontal screeds of the truss system;
- if the rafter system and floors are too light and not suitable for arranging living space in the attic;
- arrangement of the attic in an already finished house, which requires parsing the roof.
The best option is to design a house immediately with an attic. This allows you to provide for all the features of the attic living space and make the roof with optimal parameters. If the house has already been built, and the roof has sufficient height and is made of durable materials, then you can make an attic in the finished building. In this case, there is no specific arrangement option, since everything depends on individual features finished roof, strength of attic floors and other factors.
Design features
To build an attic in a house under construction, the roof should be properly equipped. At the same time, the design of the attic consists of load-bearing elements of the roof and attic floor, and for a complete arrangement, insulation, waterproofing and finishing work are carried out.
The arrangement of the attic under the attic requires care
In order for the attic space to become a comfortable living room, it is important to provide for the presence of all the necessary layers in the roof structure. Be sure to place the following layers during the construction of the roof:
- vapor barrier, which is necessary for diverting excess moisture from the room to the outside. For this, a special film is used, which is attached to the crate fixed on the rafter system;
- insulation that keeps the heat inside the room. The material must be non-combustible, durable and practical to use;
- waterproofing, which performs the function of protecting the premises and load-bearing elements from moisture coming from outside;
- the ventilation gap is necessary to preserve the roof and prevent rotting. The height of the ventilation gap is 45–50 mm, and this ventilation space is located between the waterproofing and the external roofing material.
Before building a house with a residential attic space, a project is created that contains all important information about future construction. The project assumes the presence detailed drawing the whole house and the attic in particular. Additional Information contains data about the materials used, the parameters of the room.
For any attic you need a detailed project plan
When designing, many factors are taken into account. For example, the option of heating the attic, climatic conditions, the purpose of the room. This allows you to make an attic that best suits the operating conditions and meets modern requirements comfort.
Advantages and disadvantages of a mansard roof
The arrangement of the attic space for living quarters is a complex process that requires knowledge of all the features of the house. To do this, it is worth knowing the advantages and disadvantages of the attic that characterize this design.
The attic is characterized by a set of features that should be considered during construction
The main advantage of arranging the attic is the maximum rational use of the space under the roof. The attic also has the following advantages:
- aesthetic appearance of the house from the outside;
- the possibility of creating an original interior inside the attic;
- reduction of heat loss through the roof;
- the possibility of arranging an additional functional room.
Even a small attic can be used rationally
The disadvantages of the attic are expressed in the complexity of arranging the premises. To create in the attic optimal conditions for living you need heat and waterproofing materials highest quality and degree of security. It is especially important to properly design the roof, install special windows and ensure high-quality ventilation roof space.
Attic options
Since the introduction of attic architecture, many options for such structures have appeared. All of them differ in appearance, construction technology, operation features, but always allow rational use of the attic area.
Different types of attics allow you to create a variety of interiors
Multi-gable roofing is one of the most complex options roof structures. Outside, the roof is a complex of angular ledges, and inside the ceiling has a complex shape.
Many protrusions make the design original
Multi-gable roofing has both advantages and disadvantages. The advantages of this design are expressed in the following:
- unusual appearance of the roof;
- rapid descent of precipitation;
- reliability of the truss system;
- stability under significant loads.
The disadvantages of the mansard roof are expressed in the complexity of design and the mandatory careful calculation of the parameters of the structure. Therefore, before construction, a professional project is created, taking into account all the design features. Otherwise, the roof may be unreliable or uneven, which will adversely affect performance characteristics building.
Multi-gable roofing can be quite simple, but reliable
The attic can be made under an asymmetric roof. This design is different in that it has sides with different parameters. An asymmetric type roof is a triangle, the refraction of which occurs not at the top corner, but at the base. As a result of this, different angles and sides are formed, the area of \u200b\u200bone slope is larger than the area of \u200b\u200bthe other.
Asymmetric roof has an interesting appearance
The main advantage of an asymmetrical roof is that the windows will be vertical instead of slanted. This prevents moisture from entering the room. The attic under such a roof is more spacious and provides comfortable living. When constructing an asymmetric roof, it is important to correctly calculate the load on each side, because the reliability of the roof and comfort inside the attic depend on this.
Calculation of the load on the roof is carried out by professional specialists
For a residential building with a perimeter with equal sides, a hipped roof is suitable. The design assumes the presence of slopes with the same parameters and therefore the shape of the building should be square. A hipped roof can be domed, conical or pyramidal. The latter option is more practical and often decorates residential buildings.
The hipped roof has a fairly simple design.
The hip roof provides a spacious attic space. The design has 4 slopes, 2 of which often have large sizes than 2 surfaces located at the end of the building. The hip roof allows you to get a spacious attic room, the area of \u200b\u200bwhich is larger than with a pitched roof.
The attic under the hip roof has a large area
A cuckoo roof is a roof that has a small triangular or other shaped ledge, which often contains a dormer window. In form, such structures can be hip, arched, single or gable. The ledge has its own truss system, conjugated with the main one. Cuckoo roof lets get a loft larger area than a simple pitched roof. Several cuckoos may be present on the surface.
Cuckoo roof allows you to get a spacious attic
Shed roofs
To create a simple and large attic, shed roofs are often built. In the attic there is one full-fledged wall, and the other is an inclined surface. In this case, the windows are often located obliquely, but it is possible to install a cuckoo or place windows on the main wall of the attic.
Shed roof is easy to install, but requires accurate calculation of parameters
The most convenient is the angle of inclination of 40 °, which allows you to make an attic in the attic. During installation, the ramp is located on the leeward side. The presence of one corner of the roof contributes to an increase in the useful area of \u200b\u200bthe attic, above which you can place a small attic space for storing things.
Gable roof with attic
The roof, which has two slopes, allows you to create an attic with a uniform rise in the ceiling. On both sides, the roof is located at the same angle to the walls. In places where the ceiling adjoins the walls, an area is formed, the functionality of which is minimal. To create a spacious attic space, it is enough to make a roof with an angle of 45 °, which is optimal for houses whose width is not more than 6 m.
Attic can be built immediately during the construction of walls
The arrangement of the attic under a gable roof is popular and effective option rational use of attic space. Often the attic is equipped with a balcony located at the end of the building. When designing, it is required to calculate all the parameters and determine the location of the windows.
broken roof
One of the varieties of a gable roof is a broken shape. This design has two slopes, but each of them is built in such a way that it consists of two parts. This feature allows you to reduce the angle of the roof and increase the height of the attic walls. As a result, the attic space becomes more functional and is used much more rationally.
The broken shape allows you to make a spacious attic
The broken shape requires the correct construction of the roof truss system. At the same time, the load on the roof is low, since the presence of double slopes contributes to the rapid removal of precipitation.
Four-pitched roofs with an attic
The peculiarity of the attic, equipped under a hipped roof, is that all 4 walls have a small height. The ceiling rises obliquely from all 4 sides and therefore the usable attic area under such a roof is quite small. A simple hipped roof is practical in operation, as precipitation quickly descends down the roof.
The four-pitched roof is convenient and practical
Constructions hipped roof may be more complex. For example, multi-level options, which include several inclined surfaces located at different levels.
Attic roof options
Roof designs that allow you to make an attic in the attic space are diverse. When designing, special attention should be paid to the roofing material, which is selected depending on climatic conditions, design features, personal preferences and building design.
metal tile
Steel or aluminum metal tiles are in demand as a roof covering with an attic. Materials can be of any color, but when choosing, you should pay attention to the following features:
- geometry and depth of the insole;
- type of color coating;
- material thickness;
- specifications.
Metal roofing can be different colors, but an important selection factor is the characteristics of the material
The metal tile is reliable and provides comfort in the attic. For arrangement under the roof of the attic, it is worth choosing strong, durable structures that are resistant to climatic influences.
Attic with glass roof
Glass is rarely used for roofing and is especially unsuitable for harsh climates. In a very warm climate, it is realistic to make an attic with a glass roof, using especially durable materials and developing an accurate design project.
The glass roof is suitable for mild climates and requires careful maintenance.
When designing an attic with a transparent roof, it is important to carefully calculate the load on the roof, determine the parameters of the walls, the angle of inclination. To create a roof, durable materials are used that are resistant to temperature extremes and mechanical stress.
SIP panels for the roof
Special building boards made of pressed wood chips and expanded polystyrene can be used to create an attic roof. This material has the following features:
- high thermal insulation effect;
- availability and low cost;
- fire resistance and non-toxicity;
- simple installation;
When using SIP panels for roofing, it is important to ensure good waterproofing structures to protect the material from moisture.
SIP panels are practical in operation and provide sound insulation
Decking for attic roofing
To equip a roof with an attic, you can use any roofing materials that provide reliable protection load-bearing structural elements. Decking is one of the most demanded and available options. Metal sheets with polymer coated can be of any color, and when choosing, it is important to pay attention to the fact that the material must be intended for roofing.
A roof with an attic is quite easy to cover with corrugated board
How to make a mansard roof
The construction of a roof with an attic involves the definition of a design option. Only after this does the design phase begin, in which materials, parameters, architectural features structures. The main stages of construction are:
A separate stage of work is the creation and installation of skylights. Plastic modern designs - common and practical option. Small or complex windows are made to order. The structures are mounted in a special opening, which should be provided for when installing the roof truss system. Windows can be located at the ends of the roof, cuckoo or obliquely on the roof.
Photo gallery: interior options for attics
In a spacious attic it is easy to create a cozy atmosphere with a minimum amount of furniture. Big windows provide good lighting A cozy office is easy to equip in the attic In a small space, you need to correctly delimit the zones Windows for the attic can be quite large and high A small space requires a minimum amount of furniture
Video: attic finishing features
The attic space can perform any function, but it is always important to determine the type of construction, parameters and materials for the construction of the attic even at the stage of building and designing a house.