Roofs of industrial buildings classification and design. Concepts about roofs, classification, requirements. Repair and restoration of attic type coatings

By shape roofs divided into pitched and flat. The form roofs determined by the architecture of the building and its configuration in plan.

They are distinguished by design roofs attic and non-attic.

Depending on the temperature and humidity conditions of the upper enclosing structure, the buildings are non-attic (combined) roofs divided into ventilated and non-ventilated.

According to the purpose, exploited are distinguished (solariums, sports grounds, cafes, etc.) and unexploited roofs.

pitched roofs there are attic and non-attic.

Attic roofs perform with a cold or warm attic. Atticless roofs can be cold (over unheated buildings) and warm (over heated buildings). Atticless roofs arrange both in residential and public, and in industrial buildings for industrial and agricultural purposes. In industrial buildings, light-aeration lamps are often arranged on the coatings.

shed roof relies on its load-bearing structure(a system of rafters, a truss, etc.) on external walls located at different levels.

Gable (gable) roof consists of two planes based on walls located on the same level. The triangular parts of the end walls between the slopes are called gables or tongs.

hipped roof has four triangular slopes, the vertices of which converge at one point.

Hip (four-pitched) roof It is formed from the connection of two trapezoidal slopes and two triangular end slopes, called hips.

Semi-hip (two-pitch) roof has cut tops above the end walls in the form of triangles (hips).

gable roof industrial building with a longitudinal lantern different from double roofs a residential building with a smaller slope of slopes and a greater width and length.

vaulted roof in cross section, it can be outlined by an arc of a circle or other geometric curve.

folded roof is formed from the connection of individual trapezoidal elements - folds.

domed roof in outline it is half a ball with a continuous support along the ring on a cylindrical wall.

Cross vault represents four closed arched vaults.

Multi-gable roof formed from the connection of the slopes of the planes. The ends of the walls under the gable planes are called tongs.

spire roof consists of several steeply dipping triangular slopes, closed to the top.

spherical shell in outline it is similar to a dome, but with support on the base at separate points. The space between the supports is usually arranged translucent.

Roof from oblique surfaces consists of several gentle planes, based on the walls.

Roof with internal drain widely used in modern industrial and civil construction.

Mansard roofs satisfied in cases where attic space used for housing or have official purposes.

flat roofs have a slope of up to 2.5%. They are arranged in the form of platforms and used for solariums, open cafes and other purposes. Although flat roofs more expensive than pitched ones, savings on operating costs compensate for this disadvantage.

ROOF STRUCTURES

Coating- the upper fencing of the building to protect the premises from external climatic factors and influences. If there is an attic, the coating is called attic. The coating performs waterproofing, and with non-attic (combined) rooftops, warm attics also have heat-insulating functions.

To the main structural elements roofs include load-bearing structures, vapor barrier, thermal insulation and roofing.

Roof- top element roofs from waterproof materials, protecting the building from atmospheric precipitation.

protective layer- a roofing element that protects the roofing carpet from mechanical damage, exposure to solar radiation. Thermal insulation serves to protect the building from the cold and overheating by the sun.

thermal insulation it can be monolithic, prefabricated and made of bulk materials. Monolithic thermal insulation is made of light concrete mixtures, national team - from prefabricated plates. Such plates are released from the lungs cellular concrete, foam plastics based on polyurethane foam, expanded polystyrene, etc. Thermal insulation from bulk materials is made of expanded clay, perlite, etc. Such thermal insulation is used in the absence of prefabricated heaters, as well as in prefabricated complex panels.

vapor barrier protects the insulation from moisture penetrating from the room water vapor. It is arranged for thermal insulation, sticking to load-bearing structures. Vapor barrier can be painted or glued in one or two layers, depending on the degree of humidity in the room.

Bearing structures take on the burden of own weight, snow masses, wind pressure and transfer these loads to walls or individual supports. The load-bearing structures are prefabricated reinforced concrete panels, complex prefabricated coating panels (with heat and waterproofing layers or only with a waterproofing layer), monolithic reinforced concrete, profiled steel decking, wooden rafters and trusses, asbestos cement boards.

Roofs made of prefabricated reinforced concrete panels are non-exploited and exploited, non-attic and attic. Precast concrete roofs suit six types:

  • attic with waterproofing with mastic or paint compositions (rollless roofing)
  • attic with a roof roll materials
  • non-attic from single-layer panels made of lightweight or cellular concrete
  • bare of multi-layer complex panels, consisting of two reinforced concrete panels, between which an effective heat-insulating material is laid
  • bare with load-bearing panels made of heavy concrete on which plates of effective insulating materials are laid
  • bare building construction multilayer construction with backfill insulation and screed under the roof of rolled materials

Inversion roofs. Roofs from rolled and mastic materials can be made in traditional (when the roofing carpet is placed above the thermal insulation) and inversion (when the roofing carpet is placed under the thermal insulation) versions.

The design solution for roofing with a roof in the inversion version includes: reinforced concrete prefabricated or monolithic slabs; roofing carpet; thermal insulation; separating (filtering) layer - canvas made of synthetic fibers; load of gravel or concrete tiles.

rafters by design, they are divided into two types: layered, resting with the ends and the middle part (at one or several points) on the walls of the building, and hanging, resting only with the ends on the puff, and it on the walls of the building (without intermediate supports).

According to the material, wooden and reinforced concrete rafters are distinguished. Wooden rafters are used as load-bearing structures in the construction of temporary buildings, agricultural buildings, in the construction of low-rise wooden or brick buildings and in countryside. Reinforced concrete rafters are used in the construction of buildings with large spans (industrial buildings).

Rafters suit when the distance between the supports (span) does not exceed 6.5 m. With one additional support, the width covered by the layered rafters can be increased to 10 ... 12 m, and with two supports - up to 15 m. rafter legs rest in wooden chopped or block-beamed buildings on the upper crowns, in wooden frame buildings- on the upper harness, in stone - on the support bars (Mauerlats). The location of the rafters depends on the size of the contour of the building in the plan and the presence of internal supports in it in the form of walls or columns.

hanging rafters represent two rafter legs connected from below by a puff that perceives thrust. To reduce the deflection of the rafter legs for spans of up to 8 m, a crossbar is cut parallel to the puff (between the puff and the top of the rafters), and for spans of more than 8 m, a headstock is installed. All pairings of elements of wooden rafters from logs or beams are made in the form of cuts using overlays, staples, bolts and nails.

Farms used in industrial construction at distances between walls and supports of 12 ... 36 m. The truss consists of lower and upper belts and a lattice of racks and braces enclosed between them. Attic roofs arrange with a cold or warm attic.

Atticless (combined) roofs perform the functions of load-bearing and enclosing structures of the upper floor of buildings. Roofless design roofs consists of the following elements: a supporting structure, which must meet necessary conditions strength, stiffness and crack resistance during installation and in operating conditions; a vapor barrier layer that prevents the penetration of water vapor from the premises into the thickness of the structure roofs(arrange if necessary); a heat-insulating layer that provides the required resistance to heat transfer; roofing carpet, which is arranged on a base of cement or asphalt screeds or on the surface of complex panels.

Rollless roofs residential buildings with more than five floors are arranged with an internal drainage system.

Non-ventilated bare roof consists of a series of reinforced concrete slabs laid in the pavement.

STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS OF ROOFING

Roofing (roofing) The building consists of the following elements: inclined planes called slopes, inclined and horizontal ribs formed by the intersection of slopes. The horizontal ribs are called the ridge. The intersection of the slopes, forming the incoming corners, create valleys and grooves. The edges of the roof above the walls of the building are called cornice overhangs (located horizontally) or gable overhangs(located obliquely). Water flows down the slopes to the wall gutters and is discharged through the water intake funnels into the downpipes and further into the storm sewer.

Drainage, depending on the slope of the roof, can be organized (external or internal) or unorganized - only external.

Outdoor organized drainage arrange with the help of gutters and external downspouts, based on the following guidelines:

  • wall or hanging gutters are installed on roofs, the coverings of which are made with a slope of more than 15%;
  • the longitudinal slope of the gutters must be at least 2%;
  • the sides of the gutter are made 120 mm high;
  • distance between drainpipes - no more than 24 m;
  • square drainpipe in the light are taken at the rate of 1.5 sq. cm of its cross section per 1 sq. m of roof area.

Internal organized drainage with external outlet recommended for roof buildings located in all climatic regions.

Internal drainage system consists of a water intake funnel, riser, outlet pipe and outlet. This system must ensure the removal of water from roofs for both positive and negative temperature outside air. Water drainage from the internal drainage system is recommended to be carried out in external network rainwater or general sewerage. The roof area per one drain funnel is determined at the rate of not more than 0.75 sq. m of roof per 1 sq. see the cross section of the drainage pipe. Water intake funnels of internal gutters are located along the longitudinal axis of the roof. It is not allowed to arrange water intake funnels and their risers in the outer walls or near them, since the walls may freeze through.

External unorganized drainage as an exception, it is allowed to do on buildings up to five floors high in areas with rainfall of not more than 300 mm per year. Such drainage is allowed on shed roofs with water discharge towards the courtyard facade. Above the entrance to the building with unorganized drainage, it is necessary to arrange visors.

Roll-free roofing panel slopes roof assigned according to their design. Yes, for roof with unorganized drainage, the slope of the panels is 5 ... 10%, with an internal organized drainage system - 5 ... 7%.

ROOF GROUNDS

The basis for rolled and mastic roofs are the surfaces of prefabricated reinforced concrete slabs and thermal insulation without screed or with a cement or asphalt screed under it. Under the roof of piece materials used wooden bases(solid and sparse) from bars or bars and boards.

The bases for the roofs are arranged along the horizontal, vertical and inclined surfaces of the building, protruding above roof(parapet walls, pipes, shafts). In the upper part of the vertical surfaces, antiseptic wooden slats are laid to secure the rolled carpet.

In places of transition of the base from a horizontal to a vertical surface, an inclined transitional ledge is made with a slope of 45 degrees and with sides of 100x100 mm.

A leveling screed for a rolled carpet, which is also the base, is made of cement-sand mortar grade 50 ... 100, sandy asphalt concrete or arrange a prefabricated screed from asbestos-cement sheets. Temperature-shrinkage joints 5 mm wide are placed every 6 m. The thickness of the mortar screed when laying on concrete is 10 ... 15 mm, on rigid monolithic and slab insulation 15 ... 25 mm, on loose and non-rigid slab insulation 25 ... 30 mm. Combined screed - asbestos-cement sheet 10 mm thick. Asphalt concrete base under the roof should be cut with temperature-shrinkage seams 10 mm wide into square sections with sides of 4 m. The seams are covered with strips of rolled material 150 mm wide, gluing them pointwise on one side of the seam to avoid tearing the rolled carpet when the base is deformed.

The surfaces of the bases, regardless of the material from which they are made, must be even and non-flexing.

Local reverse slopes and depressions are not allowed, which can cause stagnant water on the roof.

The gaps between the surface of the base under the roofing of rolled materials and the control three-meter rail should not exceed 5 mm when laying the rail along the slope and 10 mm when laying it across the slope; gaps between the surface of the base under roofing made of piece materials and the control three-meter rail should not be more than 5 mm in both directions. Gaps are allowed only gradually increasing, no more than one per 1 m of length.

Wooden solid bases are laid under asbestos-cement sheets. The bases for tiles are made in one layer with a gap between the boards of no more than 10 mm.

Wooden sparse bases made of bars with a section of 50x50 mm and boards with a section of 20x200 mm are arranged for coating with asbestos-cement corrugated sheets, sheet steel, tiles and wooden products.

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Roofs of industrial buildings


Roofs of industrial buildings


Roofs with a rolled roof. Roll roofing (Fig. 110) is the most widely used in industrial construction. The roofs of buildings are pitched and flat. Steel or reinforced concrete trusses or beams are used as load-bearing structures for such roofs; c, as a flooring - prefabricated reinforced concrete slabs or galvanized steel profiled sheets.

Prefabricated reinforced concrete slabs are made in prestressed sizes of 3X6 or 3x12 m. The slabs are laid on a truss or roof beams and fastened to them by welding steel mortgages. ny parts in slabs and trusses (beams). The seams between the slabs are filled with cement mortar of a grade of at least 100.

In non-insulated coatings (Fig. PO, a), a leveling layer (screed) of cement mortar 10-15 mm thick is arranged on the top of the slabs, along which a carpet is glued on the mastic, i.e., a roof is laid directly on the slabs.

Rice. 111. Adjacency of the rolled roof to the parapet: 1 - concrete parapet slabs with wooden antiseptic plugs; 2 - antiseptic wooden lath; 3 - apron made of galvanized roofing steel; 4 - one layer of roofing paper with coarse-grained dressing and three layers of only leather; b - waterproofing carpet (basic) of four layers of only leather; 6-double-layer gravel protective covering waterproofing carpet; 7 - base (screed) for roll waterproofing carpet; S-board from mortar (or concrete); 9 - thermal insulation; 10 - vapor barrier; 11 - carrier plate of the coating

In insulated coatings (Fig. 110, b), on leveled coating slabs, a vapor barrier is installed that protects the insulation from moisture, which can occur as a result of water vapor accessing it from the room, as well as condensation on top of the reinforced concrete coating spike. Vapor barrier is arranged by sticking a layer of roofing material or glassine or smearing the surface of the plates bituminous mastic. Insulation is laid over the vapor barrier. As thermal insulation material foam concrete, cement fiberboard, mineral wool slabs are used. A leveling layer of cement or asphalt mortar 15-30 mm thick is arranged on top of the insulation and a carpet is glued. Sometimes (with insufficient rigidity of the insulation), the screed is made of cement mortar with reinforcement steel mesh. Roofing material, hydroisol, roofing felt are used as a material for roofing.

Bituminous roll materials, i.e. materials obtained on the basis of bitumen (roofing material, hydroisol), are attached to the base with bituminous mastic, tar (roofing) - tar. The number of layers in roofs is usually 3-4. The slope of the roofs is not more than 25%.

Panels of rolled materials with roof slopes of up to 15% are glued in parallel, and with slopes of more than 15% - perpendicular to the roof ridge.

Cornice overhangs pasted over with additional layers of rolled material and trimmed with galvanized roofing steel. The places where the carpet adjoins the parapets (Fig. 111), the sides of the lanterns, as well as expansion joints pasted over to a height of at least 250 mm with separate panels no more than 2 m long, mating them with the layers of the adjacent overlapping carpet.

Rice. 112. Coating on steel galvanized profiled flooring: 1 - profiled flooring; 2 - a layer of roofing material on hot bitumen; 3 - self-extinguishing polystyrene foam; 4 - roll carpet; 5 - protective layer of gravel; 6 - run; 7 - self-tapping bolt with a diameter of 6 mm; 8 - farm top

Such flooring is laid on steel girders from a rolled profile, which are supported by steel roof trusses. Insulation is laid on the flooring and the roof is arranged.

Coatings with galvanized steel profile flooring, compared to those with precast concrete slab flooring, are the most advanced and industrial, have a significantly lower mass, are less labor-intensive and more economical.

Roofs with asbestos-cement roofing. Roofs made of asbestos-cement materials (Fig. 113) are used in pitched, both non-insulated and insulated coatings of industrial buildings and structures.

In non-insulated coatings, corrugated sheets of the Reinforced profile with a size of 2800 × 1200 × 8 mm are usually used. They are laid on steel or reinforced concrete purlins, in a two-span pattern, i.e., each sheet rests on three purlins. The sheets are arranged in rows parallel to the ridge and overlapped. The transverse overlap is made on one wave, the longitudinal one is installed in each individual case. In the ridge and cornice parts of the coating, sheets of a special profile are used.

Asbestos-cement sheets are laid with a slope of at least 25%. They are fixed to the runs with spring clamps and anchors (Fig. 113, d). In coatings from asbestos-cement sheets of a reinforced profile, after 6-12 m they arrange expansion joints. They are overlapped in such a way that the sheets can be displaced by 35-40 mm. To protect against water leakage, the seam is covered with special asbestos-cement trays, which are fastened with metal staples.

To repair roofs, working passages along the slope and ridge are arranged. When installing insulated coatings, asbestos-cementing hollow insulated and tray plates are used.

Rice. 113. Installation of non-insulated coatings from asbestos-cement corrugated sheets reinforced profile: a - sheet fastening on an intermediate support; b - the same, on the extreme support; c - installation of anchor fastening on top shelf channel; d ~ location of spring clamps and anchor fasteners on the coating sheets; 1 - spring clamp; 2 - anchor fastening

Hollow slabs consist of two shaped asbestos-cement sheets, interconnected with aluminum rivets, and a layer of mineral felt between them, glued to the bottom sheet with bitumen. The ends of the package are closed with flat plugs made of sheet asbestos cement. Adjacent slabs are mated long side overlap, on a short one - butt over the supports. With runs, farms and among themselves, the plates are fastened with special cements.

In the longitudinal joints, sealing gaskets made of felt wrapped with glassine are provided, glued in advance to the edges of the plate. Between the ends of the plates, the gaps are caulked with waste mineral felt. Are the profile and transverse seams of the plates on top shz ’ pecked with hot bituminous mastic with filler and smooth down? with a steel spatula until a smooth surface is obtained.

Rice. 114. Roof elements with a bituminous latex coating: a - a joint between the panels when installing a roll-free roof; b - detail of the junction of the roll-free roof to the ventilation shaft; 1 - bitumen-latex coating (4 mm); 2 - reinforced bitumen-latex coating (8 mm); 3 - technical fabric; 4 - reinforced concrete roof panel; 5 - insulation; 6- reinforced concrete panel overlaps; 7 - tow impregnated with emulsion; 8 - lining with galvanized roofing steel; 9 - hard polymer cement mortar grade

Glavmosstroy recommends installing a roof covering instead of a multi-layer roofing made of rolled materials produced on the basis of the bitumen-latex emulsion EGIK (waterproofing and roofing emulsion). EGIK is a dispersion of bitumen and rubber in water, obtained by mixing a rapidly disintegrating water bitumen emulsion with SKS-30, SKS-65 or L-4 latex.

Roof elements with a bitumen-latex coating are shown in fig. 114. Such a coating suits mechanized way using a special unit consisting of a pressure tank for bitumen-latex emulsion, a pressure bottle for a coagulator, a spray gun and a set of hoses.

A bitumen-latex emulsion prepared in advance is poured into a pressure tank with a capacity of 950 l, and a coagulator is poured into a pressure tank with a capacity of 180 l. The tank and cylinder are mounted on a trolley and connected by a system of pipelines and hoses to a three-channel spray gun. Through two channels, the emulsion is fed through the taps into the coagulator, and through the third one, air is supplied to the emulsion. The nozzle of the spray gun should be kept at a distance of 30-35 cm from the surface to be coated so that the torch of the emerging emulsion is perpendicular to the surface. Bitumen-latex emulsion is applied in layers. Total number layers must correspond to the accepted thickness of the insulated surface.

Drainage from roof coverings of industrial buildings and structures can be external or internal. In one-story single-span buildings, there is usually an external unorganized drainage system; in multi-story and one-story multi-span buildings, as a rule, an internal drainage system is arranged (Fig. 115).

The internal drainage system consists of water intake funnels (Fig. 116) installed in the valleys, and a network of pipes located inside the building that drain atmospheric water into the storm sewer. to the roof area, at. per funnel did not exceed 300 m2.

Rice. 115. Scheme of internal drainage (arrows show the direction of water flow): 1 - end parapet wall; 2 - valley; 3 - internal drainage network; 4 - storm sewer; 5 - watershed; 6 - water intake funnel

At the places where the funnel is installed in the coating, a hole of 400 × 400 mm in size is provided, into which a bowl-shaped cast-iron pan with a hole for passing the funnel branch pipe is inserted. When installing a branch pipe in a pan, the sections between its walls and the funnel of the branch pipe are poured with molten bitumen mastic. inner surface pallets are pasted over with fiberglass or burlap impregnated with bitumen, and the edges of the roof are brought into it. The body of the funnel is installed in the pipe on top of the roof and in the lower part is also filled with bitumen.

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Roof classification


Roof classification


The main purpose of the roof is to protect the building from above from atmospheric influences (rain, snow, fluctuations in outdoor temperature, solar radiation and wind). The penetration of water and cold into the building, as well as overheating of the roofs by the sun's rays, lead to their destruction.
The shape of the roof is divided into pitched, if the slope is more than 2.5 , and flat if the slope is up to 2.5. The shape of the roof is determined by the architecture of the building and its plan configuration.

Depending on the temperature and humidity conditions of the upper building envelope, non-attic (combined) roofs are divided into non-ventilated and ventilated.

By purpose, exploited (tanning beds, sports grounds, cafes, etc.) and non-exploited roofs are distinguished.

pitched roofs there are attic and non-attic. Attic roofs are made with a cold or warm attic. Non-attic roofs can be cold (over unheated buildings) and warm (over heated buildings). Atticless roofs are arranged both in residential and public, and in industrial buildings for industrial and agricultural purposes. In industrial buildings, light-aeration lamps are often arranged on the coatings.

Shed roof (Fig. 1, a) rests with its supporting structure (rafter system, truss, etc.) on the outer walls located at different levels.

A gable (gable) roof (Fig. 1, 6) consists of two planes resting on walls located on the same level. The triangular parts of the end walls between the slopes are called gables or tongs.

The hip roof (Fig. 1, c) has four triangular slopes, the tops of which converge at one point.

The hip (four-pitched) roof (Fig. 1, d) is formed from the connection of two trapezoidal slopes and two triangular end slopes, called hips.

Rice. 1. Forms of roofs: a - shed; b - gable; in - tent; g - hip (four-slope); d - half hip; e - gable with a lantern; g - vaulted; h - folded; and - domed; k - cross vault; l - forceps; m - spire-shaped; and – spherical shell; o - from oblique surfaces; and - with an internal drain; p - flat operated

The semi-hipped (gable) roof (Fig. 1, e) has cut tops above the end walls in the form of triangles (hips).

The gable roof of an industrial building with a longitudinal lantern (Fig. 1, f) differs from the gable roof of a residential building by a smaller slope of the slopes and a greater width and length.

A vaulted roof (Fig. 1, g) in cross section can be outlined by an arc of a circle or another geometric curve.

A folded roof (Fig. 1, h) is formed from the connection of individual trapezoidal elements - folds.

The domed roof (Fig. 1, i) is a half-ball in shape with a continuous support along the ring on a cylindrical wall.

The cross vault (Fig. 1, j) consists of four closed strong vaults.

A multi-gable roof (Fig. 1, l) is formed from the connection of the slopes of the planes. The ends of the walls under the gable planes are called tongs.

The spire-shaped roof (Fig. 1, l) consists of several steeply dipping triangular slopes, closed at the top.

The spherical shell (Fig. 1, i) is similar in outline to a dome, but rests on the base at separate points. The space between the supports is usually arranged translucent.

The roof of oblique surfaces (Fig. 1, o) consists of several gentle planes resting on the walls.

A roof with an internal drain (Fig. 1, p) is widespread in modern industrial and civil construction.

Mansard roofs are arranged in cases where attic spaces are used for housing or for official purposes.

Flat roofs have a slope of up to 2.5%. They are arranged in the form of playgrounds and used for dispensaries, open cafes and other purposes. Although flat roofs more expensive than pitched ones, savings on operating costs compensate for this disadvantage. Recently, new roof structures made of reinforced concrete prefabricated panels have become widespread.

Industrial roofing is a special kind of facility for roofing companies. On the one hand, everyone understands that the roof of an industrial building does not have to be beautiful and attractive, which means that cheaper and more practical materials can be used here. And on the other hand to the roof for the building industrial use a number of strict requirements are applied, which do not allow to significantly simplify the design of the roofing pie and reduce the cost of the final cost of roofing.

The roofs of industrial buildings must provide:

TYPES OF INDUSTRIAL ROOFING:

erection, and overhaul roofs of industrial buildings- one of the areas of work of the SpetsMetallStroy company. We have solid experience in this area, we have repaired and built a solid number of roofs for production workshops, warehouses, roofs for boiler houses, as well as roofs for administrative and public buildings in Moscow and the Moscow region.

For the roofing of buildings and structures for industrial use, we offer the following solutions, which have justified themselves with an optimal price-quality ratio:

  • PROFING AND METAL TILE:

    For pitched roofs, almost the entire range of modern materials based on metal sheets with polymer coated, such as metal tile or corrugated board. They have the following advantages:

    • coating with polymers makes these materials resistant to corrosion;
    • high aesthetic qualities;
    • light weight, which does not put a load on the support system;
    • resistance to temperature extremes, the effects of other weather factors;
    • solid service life (from 20 years), which is a good indicator for roofing material.
  • WATERPROOFING ROOF:

    • Membrane roof Fatrol - how it was and how it became

    Roofing membrane film materials Fatrafol from a well-known Czech manufacturer allow you to create a cheap non-leaking roof or significantly extend the life of an existing roof. A rugged modified PVC backing guarantees maximum durability and installation flexibility. Sheets of the required length are unwound from rolls, and fastening between them is carried out by heating building hair dryer with a concentrator.

    The following advantages of this series of materials can be distinguished:

    • Chemical inertness to aggressive precipitation and immunity to all natural factors.
    • High speed application to the roof surface.
    • Wide selection colors within the international RAL palette.
    • Extreme durability, allowing at times to extend the life of the main roofing material.
    • Possibility to use as an independent inexpensive roofing material of low weight for gazebos, sheds, stops, etc.

    Two types of mounting

    All Fatrafol materials are mounted by gluing to the surface or by means of clamping elements around the perimeter. There is a weighted roofing film available for use on green roofs that will be especially beneficial for new builds and penthouse owners. Read more

  • SOFT ROOF:

    industrial roof: guided roof

    For flat roofs public and industrial buildings are recommended and most often used bituminous soft roofing materials - guided roof Techno Nicole, or mastic coatings, which have the following advantages:

    • 100% tightness and leakage protection;
    • solid service life (modern soft tiles has a service life of 25-30 years, some varieties even up to 50 years);
    • good sound insulation performance;
    • light weight;
    • resistance to corrosion, decay;
    • health safety, neutral chemical composition no release of harmful substances into the atmosphere;
    • elasticity, ease of processing and easy installation process;
    • resistance to temperature changes.
  • SEAM ROOFING:

    For pitched roofs, it is also possible to use seam metal sheets made of galvanized steel, aluminum or roofing copper as a finishing coating. Our company offers you seam roofing from the leading domestic manufacturer of roofing materials - the GrandLine plant. To date, roofing metal paintings made of galvanized steel with a polymer coating and a double standing seam can be considered best solution for industrial roofing public, administrative and other types of buildings. Modern seam roofing is a whole list of advantages:

    • high tightness;
    • small specific gravity;
    • quick and easy installation;
    • simplicity and ease of repair;
    • the ability to install on complex forms of roofs;
    • solid service life.

Industrial roofing: price

"SpetsMetallStroy" is a company that has been professionally engaged in roofing work for a long time. Construction and overhaul of industrial roofs of any complexity is one of the leading areas of our activity. You need a reliable, beautiful and at the same time adequate cost roofing - then you are welcome to us!

The specialists of our company have extensive experience in working with all types of roofing for industrial roofing, they are proficient in the design and installation of roofs for industrial buildings and structures. They will provide you with a full range of services in this area: from design, calculation and costing for work to maintenance and repair.

You can also purchase roofing materials from us, we will offer favorable prices for the entire range of coatings and accessories for them. We are the official dealers of the GrandLine plant, which produces metal tiles, corrugated board and accessories for seam roofing. You always have the opportunity to take part in promotions or get a discount on a large order. Building with us is convenient, profitable and safe!

The history of the development of the roof

The history of the development of the roof is very closely connected with the development of the houses themselves. More primitive people they built their own dwellings with a covering over their heads, which gave protection to people from the negative influences and vagaries of nature. As a material for such a coating, heather, grass or the skins of wild animals were used at first, as a rule. It was a kind of pitched roof. But since humanity and history do not sleep, very soon new housing constructions began to appear. And first of all, they were dugouts - special facilities, which were rather deep pits, with two- or four-pitched roofs that reached to the very edge of the recess. Then a kind of stagnation began in this case. But time passed, new architectural possibilities appeared, new crafts developed. And along with the development of art and craftsmanship, the human dwelling also changed. Over time, the beloved roof for many peoples of the world becomes natural tiles. She retains her status as the "Queen of the Roofs" to this day. This is largely due to the properties and qualities of tiles. Today, people have learned how to make high-quality and reliable tiles that are not afraid of the vagaries of nature. Therefore, we can say that in this matter man has taken precedence over nature.

Forms and functions of the roof

Today, it is customary to distinguish between many forms of roofing. Each of these forms, of course, has its own advantages and disadvantages, and performs its own functions.

Gable roof

The gable roof is perhaps one of the most common forms of roofing today. The design of the gable roof, which is not affected by time, has proven itself both from a constructive point of view and from an architectural point of view. The gable roof is a structure with sloping rafters. However, there are many options gable roofs, which may differ in the position of the roof slope, height roof cornice, etc. The design of the gable roof allows the use of any roofing materials used in construction. The gable roof serves to protect the building from atmospheric precipitation, sharp fluctuations outdoor temperature and sun rays. She has quite expressive appearance, easy to manufacture and reliable in operation. It is these advantages of gable roofs that create a lot of well-deserved confidence in them.

shed roof

As a rule, this type of roof is installed on outbuildings, simple buildings, warehouse and industrial premises. Roof surface pitched roof in most cases positioned to withstand wind, rain and snow. On the sunny side, this shape of the roof allows you to arrange skylights. large area. Although today this type of roof in houses is rarely used anywhere, therefore they are not in such great demand.

These are the two main types of roofing. Although this is far from all. For example, you can still distinguish such well-known types of roofs as: hip roof, hip, mansard roof. Each of them plays its own special role.

Roof functions

The following useful and protective functions of the roof can be distinguished:

· Rain protection

One of the most important functions of the roof is to protect the house from moisture in the form of rain, snow and hail. Perhaps one of the most important functions.

· fire protection

As you know, the roofs of houses made of straw or wood, fire pose the greatest danger to the house. Now, thanks to modern roofing materials, the risk of fire has been significantly reduced.

· Maintaining the right temperature

The roof is known to be subject to temperature fluctuations. During the day, the roof is heated by the sun, and at night it cools. These temperature changes in size perfectly withstand such scaly roofing material as natural tiles. This allows you to maintain the necessary temperature balance.

· Radiation protection

Modern roofing allows you to protect yourself from ultraviolet rays, as well as the negative effects of thermal radiation

ROOFING AND CLASSIFICATION OF MODERN ROOFING

In construction technology, a roof is understood as an upper waterproofing coating that protects buildings and structures from the penetration of atmospheric precipitation. The roof must be frost and heat resistant, strong enough to withstand the load from snow and wind, and the exploited one must also withstand the technological load.

Roofing work is called roofing. The technology of roofing works is determined, first of all, by the type of materials for roofing.

Roofs are made from rolled materials (rolled roofs), mastics (mastic roofs) and piece materials (asbestos-cement, tiled, metal, and other roofs).

Industrial It is customary to call such roofs that are made without the use of roofing materials. In this case, the waterproof role is played by monolithic special concrete with high waterproofing performance or slabs of such concrete.

multifunctional or operated roofs are called, which, in addition to performing waterproof functions, serve as the basis for sports, observation or helipad sites, gardens, restaurants, etc.

Currently, there is a situation in the Ukrainian market of roofing materials when old materials (often obsolete) continue to be produced and used, but at the same time new ones appear and are used. modern materials. They can be classified according to various criteria.

The following classification of roofing materials(Fig. 1.1), taking into account the specifics of the technology of their application and the experience gained in practical use.

Roofing among the others construction works the most labor-intensive and least mechanized.

Therefore, the question of choosing a structural and technological solution for roofs is very important, depending on the type and class of the structure; the type and design of the roof, its slope, as well as the location of the roof (factory, construction site, etc.).

SOFT ROOF DEVICES

GENERAL PROVISIONS

At all times, special attention was paid to the construction of roofs on houses, their designs, device technologies were constantly improved, new materials were used.

For several decades, roofs based on bituminous materials. They were called "soft roofs". They are successfully used today both in the repair, reconstruction of old buildings, and in the construction of new ones. However, today a real revolution has taken place in this area of ​​construction.

Appeared great amount modified, improved special additives bituminous materials on a non-rotting basis, completely new types soft coverings: polymer membranes, two-component mastics, etc.

There are many such materials on the market today.

The production of materials on rotting substrates (roofing paper, glassine, roofing material) has significantly decreased and is prohibited for use in new construction.

Their place was taken by materials on rot-resistant (synthetic) bases. Instead of cardboard and paper, they use fiberglass, polyester, fiberglass, etc. as the basis.

With the advent bitumen-polymer materials started new era in this area, and now the volume of their output is growing every year.

Such changes required a fundamental change in the technology of bituminous roofing, as well as the development of fundamentally new technologies (in the case of the use of polymer and other modern efficient materials).

Unfortunately, even in existing teaching aids such technologies are presented in a very abbreviated form, and some are not available at all.

This section of the manual presents soft roofing technologies based on the use of effective modern materials.

Roofs from rolled materials

Roll materials are panels rolled into rolls. The panels are produced with a width of about 1000 mm and a length of 7 to 20 m, the length of the panel is determined by the thickness of the material, which is usually 1.0-6.0 mm.

Roll materials can be waterproof even at zero slopes, and the upper limit of recommended slopes is 45-50°C. Roof carpet from modern roll materials, as a rule, is two-layer. Therefore, there are materials for the lower and upper layers. The weight of 1 m of roofing carpet, depending on the type of material and the number of layers, is approximately 5 to 12 kg.

Roll roofing materials are distinguished by the following main features:

According to the structure of the canvas :

Basic (single and multi-basic);

Baseless.

By type of base :

On a cardboard basis;

Asbestos based;

On a fiberglass basis;

Based on polymer fibers;

on a combined basis.

By type of component of the coating composition, binder or material:

Bituminous (welded, non-welded);

Bitumen-polymer (welded, non-welded);

Polymeric (elastomer, vulcanized and unvulcanized, thermoplastic).

Type of protective layer :

Materials with dressing (coarse-grained, scaly, fine-grained, powdered);

Materials with foil;

Film materials.

Currently, there are several generations of rolled materials on the market, for the production of which various components, both for the base and for the cover layers.

The first generation of rolled materials includes cardboard-based bituminous materials (roofing material, rubemast, etc.). Currently, they are almost not used, because. do not meet modern requirements.

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