Sheathing for soft roofing: single-layer and double-layer solid structures. Lathing step for soft roofing Rafter system for shingles

The roof made of bituminous soft tiles is easy to use, durable and aesthetic. Its big plus is that it is quite possible self-assembly. The technology is not the most complicated, the weight of the fragment is small, it is attached to the adhesive base, additionally fixed roofing nails. So the installation of soft tiles with your own hands can be done even alone.

Roofing cake for soft tiles

The attic under the roof can be warm or cold, depending on this, the composition of the roofing cake changes. But its part from the rafters and above always remains unchanged:

• waterproofing is stuffed on the rafters;
• on it - bars with a thickness of at least 30 mm;
• solid flooring.

Here we will consider these materials in more detail - from what and how to make, what features each of them has.

Waterproofing

Waterproofing membranes are available in one, two or three layers. Single-layer membranes - the simplest and cheapest, perform only a dual task - do not allow moisture to pass towards the room and release vapors to the outside. In such a simple way, the attic is not only protected from the penetration of condensate or suddenly leaked precipitation, but also excess moisture that accompanies human life is removed from the air. Single-layer membranes are poorly represented on the market. Practically they are produced by one company - Tyvek.

Two and three-layer membranes are more durable. They, in addition to the waterproofing layer, also have a layer that gives greater tensile strength. The third layer, if any, is the absorbent layer. That is, even if a drop of condensate has formed on the surface of the membrane, this layer absorbs it into itself, preventing it from spilling onto other materials. With sufficient ventilation, moisture from this layer gradually evaporates and is carried away by air currents.

Three-layer membranes (for example, EUROTOP N35, RANKKA, YUTAKON) are desirable if your attic is insulated and mineral wool is used as a heater. It is afraid of getting wet and with an increase in humidity by 10% loses half of its thermal insulation properties.

If under soft tiles there will be cold attic, it is desirable to use a two-layer waterproofing membrane. In terms of strength, it is much better than single-layer ones, and at a price it is only a little more expensive.

crate

On top of the waterproofing film, parallel to the overhang, the lathing strips are stuffed. They are necessary to create a ventilation gap. It will support normal humidity roofing materials.

The crate is made of coniferous boards (mainly pine). The thickness of the boards is at least 30 mm. This is the minimum gap that will ensure the normal movement of air in the under-roof space. Before laying, the wood must be treated with an impregnation that protects against pests and fungi; after drying this layer, it is also treated with fire retardants, which reduce the combustibility of wood.

The minimum length of the board for the crate is at least two spans of rafters. They are attached and connected above the rafter legs. You can't connect them anywhere else.

Flooring

The flooring under soft tiles is made solid. Materials are selected based on the fact that nails must be driven into it, therefore they are usually used:

• OSB 3;
• moisture resistant plywood;
• tongue-and-groove or edged board of the same thickness (25 mm) with a moisture content of not more than 20%.

When laying flooring under soft tiles, it is necessary to leave gaps between the elements to compensate for thermal expansion. When using plywood or OSB, the gap is 3 mm, between edged boards 1-5 mm. Sheet material is fastened with a run-out of seams, that is, so that the joints are not continuous. Fasten the OSB with self-tapping screws or ruffed nails.

Using boards as flooring, it is necessary to ensure that the annual rings of the wood are directed downwards. With the reverse arrangement, they will be arched, soft tiles will be lifted, the tightness of the coating may be broken. There is another trick that will keep the wooden flooring even if the moisture content of the boards is above 20%. When laying the ends of the boards, they are additionally fastened with two nails or self-tapping screws hammered close to the edge. This additional fastener will prevent the boards from bending during shrinkage.

The choice of the thickness of the material for flooring under soft tiles depends on the pitch of the crate. The larger the pitch, the thicker the flooring required. The best option- frequent step and thin plates. In this case, a light but rigid base is obtained.

Another point concerns the installation of flooring for soft tiles around the chimney pipe. With a brick pipe, the width of which is more than 50 cm, a groove is made behind it (pictured). This design, reminiscent of a mini-roof. It separates the rain streams, they roll down the sides of the pipe without flowing into the under-roof space.

After installing the flooring, its geometry is checked. The length is measured, the width of the slope at the top and bottom, the height of the slope on both sides, the diagonals are measured. And the last check - tracking the plane - the entire slope must lie entirely in the same plane.

Soft tile roofing technology

When buying, you will most likely be provided with instructions for which the installation of soft tiles will be described step by step and in detail, indicating all the exact dimensions that this particular manufacturer requires. These recommendations should be followed. However, it is worth getting acquainted with the order of work and their volumes ahead of time - in order to understand the intricacies of installation and required quantity materials.

We must say right away that it is necessary to handle soft tiles when laying carefully - she does not like it if she is bent. Therefore, try not to bend or crush the shingles unnecessarily (this is one fragment consisting of a visible and mounting part).

Overhang reinforcement

The drip bar is installed first. This is an L-shaped sheet of metal coated with paint or polymer composition. Polymer coating is more expensive, but also more reliable. The color is selected close to the color of bituminous tiles.

Drip bar installed along the roof overhangs

The task of the drip bar is to protect the crate, sections of rafters and flooring from moisture. With one edge, the dropper is laid on the flooring, with the second it closes the overhang. It is fastened with galvanized (stainless steel) nails, which are hammered in a checkerboard pattern (one is closer to the fold, the second is almost at the edge). Fastener installation step - 20-25 cm.

The drip bar is sold in two-meter pieces. Having laid the first element, the second is fixed with an overlap of at least 3 cm. If desired, the gap can be closed: grease the joint with bituminous mastic, fill it with sealant. At the same stage, it is mounted, in any case, hooks are nailed that will hold the gutters.

Laying waterproofing carpet

Regardless of the angle of the roof, in and along the slope, a waterproofing lining carpet. It is sold in meter wide rolls. An adhesive is applied to the underside, covered with a protective film or paper. Before laying, the paper is removed, the valley carpet is glued to the flooring.

Installation of a waterproofing carpet begins with laying it in the valley. Roll out the material of a meter width, distributing 50 cm on both sides of the bend. Here it is desirable to do without joints, but, if necessary, the overlap of two canvases should be at least 15 cm. Laying in progress from bottom to top, the junction is additionally smeared with bituminous mastic, the material is well pressed.

Further waterproofing carpet under flexible tiles laid along the cornice overhang. The minimum width of the carpet on the cornice overhang is the size of the overhang itself, plus 60 cm. First, the carpet is rolled out, if necessary, cut, then the protective film is removed from the inside and glued to the substrate. Additionally, they are fixed along the edges with stainless steel or galvanized nails with a large flat hat (step 20-25 cm).

In places of a horizontal joint, the overlap of two canvases is at least 10 cm, in the vertical direction - at least 15 cm. All joints are additionally coated with bituminous mastic, the material is compressed.

Lining carpet

Underlayment carpet, as well as waterproofing, is sold in rolls of meter width, backside coated with adhesive. The laying method depends on the slope of the roof and on the profile of the selected shingles.

When using shingles with cuts (such as Jazz, Trio, Beaver tail), regardless of the slope, the lining carpet is spread over the entire surface of the roof.

Underlayment installation often requires undercutting. This is done with a sharp knife. In order not to damage the material below when cutting, enclose a piece of plywood or OSB.

Fronton (end) plank

Gable strips are mounted on the side sections of the overhangs. These are strips of metal bent in the form of the letter "G", along the fold line of which there is a small protrusion. They cover the laid roofing materials from wind loads, from moisture ingress. The gable plank is laid on the flooring over the lining or waterproofing carpet, fixed with nails (stainless steel or galvanized) in a checkerboard pattern with a step of 15 cm.

These planks also come in pieces of 2 m, stacked with an overlap of at least 3 cm.

Slope marking

To make the installation of soft tiles simple, markings in the form of a grid are applied to the lining carpet or flooring. Do this with a painter's cord. The lines along the cornice overhang are applied at a distance equal to 5 rows of tiles, in the vertical - every meter (the length of one flexible tile shingle). This markup is done easier styling- the edges are leveled along it, it is easier to track distances.

Valley carpet

On top of the already laid waterproofing carpet, another valley material is laid. It is slightly wider, serves as an additional guarantee of no leaks. Without removing the protective film from the underside, it is laid, cut at the bottom in the overhang area, and the boundaries are marked. Deviating from the mark of 4-5 cm, a special mastic of increased fixation Fixer is applied. It is applied from a syringe, with a roller, then rubbed with a spatula into a strip about 10 cm wide.

A valley carpet is laid out on the mastic, the folds are smoothed out, the edges are pressed. Stepping back from the edge by 3 cm, it is fixed with nails in increments of 20 cm.

Connection to a brick pipe

To bypass pipes and ventilation outlets, patterns are made from a valley carpet or galvanized metal, painted in the appropriate color. The surface of the pipe is plastered, treated with a primer.

When using a valley carpet, a pattern is made so that the material enters the pipe by at least 30 cm, and at least 20 cm should remain on the roof.

The pattern is smeared with bitumen mastic, placed in place. the front part is installed first, then the right and left.

Part of the side elements is wrapped on the front part. Back wall installed last. Its parts go to the side.

With proper installation on the flooring around the pipe, a platform is obtained, completely covered with a valley carpet. Before laying tiles in this place, the surface is smeared with bituminous mastic.

The tile from three sides enters the laid carpet, not reaching the walls of the pipe 8 cm.

The upper part of the junction is sealed with metal bar, which is attached to the dowel.

All gaps are filled with heat-resistant sealant.

Conclusion of round pipes

For a pass ventilation pipes There are special pass-through devices. They are positioned so that the lower edge of the element extends over the tile by at least 2 cm.

Having attached the passage element to the roof, its inner hole is circled. According to the applied contour, a hole is cut in the substrate, into which a round pipe is led out.

The back of the skirt through element it is smeared with bituminous mastic, set in the desired position, and additionally fastened around the perimeter with nails. When installing soft tiles, the penetration skirt is smeared with mastic.

The shingle is cut as close as possible to the ledge of the penetration, the gap is then filled with mastic, which is covered with a special UV-protective dressing.

starting strip

The installation of soft tiles begins with the laying of the starting strip. Usually it is a ridge-cornice tile or an ordinary one with cut petals. The first element is laid on one of the edges of the slope, with the edge going to gable plank. The lower edge of the starting strip is laid on the drip, stepping back from its fold 1.5 cm.

Before installation, the protective film is removed from the back, the shingle is leveled and laid. Each section of bituminous tiles is fastened with four nails - at the corners of each fragment, stepping back from the edge or perforation line 2-3 cm.

If a cut from an ordinary tile is used as a starting strip, in some part of it there will be no adhesive composition. In these places, the substrate is smeared with bituminous mastic.

Installation of soft ordinary tiles

There is a flexible tile with an applied adhesive mass, protected by a film, and there is a composition that does not require a protective film, although it also fixes the elements well on the roof. When using the first type of material, the film is removed immediately before installation.

Before laying bituminous tiles on the roof, several packs are opened - 5-6 pieces. Laying is carried out from all packs at the same time, taking one shingle from each one in turn. Otherwise, there will be pronounced spots on the roof that differ in color.

The first shingle is laid so that its edge does not reach the edge of the starting strip by 1 cm. In addition to the adhesive composition, the tiles are also fixed with roofing nails. The number of fasteners depends on the angle of the slope:

When installing soft tiles, it is important to drive in nails correctly. Hats should be pressed against the shingle, but not break through its surface.

Valley design

With the help of a paint cord in the valley, an area is marked in which nails cannot be driven in - this is 30 cm from the middle of the valley. Then mark the boundaries of the gutter. They can be from 5 to 15 cm in both directions.

The upper corner, which is turned towards the valley, is cut

When laying ordinary shingles, nails are driven in as close as possible to the line beyond which nails cannot be hammered, and shingles are trimmed to the floor of the gutter laying line. To prevent water from flowing under the material, the upper corner of the tile is cut obliquely, cutting off about 4-5 cm. The loose edge of the tile is smeared with bituminous mastic and fixed with nails.

Decoration of the pediment

On the sides of the slope, the tiles are cut so that 1 cm remains to the edge (protrusion) of the end plank. The upper corner of the shingle is cut in the same way as in the valley - a piece of 4-5 cm obliquely. The edge of the tile is smeared with mastic. A strip of mastic - at least 10 cm. Then it is fixed with nails, like the rest of the elements.

If the flooring in the area of ​​the ridge is made solid, a hole is cut along the ridge, which should not reach the end of the rib 30 cm. ridge profile with ventilation holes.

It is fixed with long roofing nails. On a long skate, several elements can be used, they are joined end-to-end. The installed metal ridge is covered with ridge tiles. A protective film is removed from it, then the fragment is fixed with four nails (two on each side). The installation of soft tiles on the ridge goes towards the prevailing winds, one fragment overlaps the other by 3-5 cm.

The ridge tile is a ridge-eaves divided into three parts. A perforation is applied on it, a fragment comes off along it (first bend, press the fold, then tear off).

The same elements can be cut from an ordinary tile. It is divided into three parts, not paying attention to the drawing. At the resulting tiles, a corner is cut off - about 2-3 cm on each side. The middle of the fragment is heated with a building hair dryer on both sides, placed in the middle on a bar and, gently pressing, bend over.

Ribs and kinks

The ribs are covered with ridge tiles. A line is beaten off along the bend at the required distance with a masking cord. The edge of the tile is aligned along it. Laying of flexible tiles on the edge goes from bottom to top, each fragment is glued, then stepping back from the top edge of 2 cm, fixed with nails - two on each side. The next fragment comes to the laid 3-5 cm.

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In modern suburban construction, soft roofs are becoming more and more popular. The main advantages that soft tiles have are weight, ease of installation, low cost, high reliability. To get a good roof, it is equally important to choose not only high-quality material, but also to properly organize the crate. It will be discussed in our article.

In order for the roofing material to be airtight and not leak, it is necessary to lay it tightly to the formwork, and therefore the lathing under the soft roof must be even and rigid. All joints are adjusted to each other as accurately as possible. In addition, the quality of the resulting roof is affected not only by the selected material, but also by the crate for the soft roof.

The crate for soft tiles can be created from fiberboard, moisture-resistant plywood or OSB. These materials are distinguished by their evenness, in addition, they absorb moisture well and do not let moisture through.

Roof lathing for soft roofing - basic requirements

The crate must be securely fixed, eliminating possible backlash. According to the requirements of SNiP, the base for a soft roof must have a moisture content of no more than 20% of its dry weight.

Features of the base for shingles

In order to end up with a solid underlay for a soft roof, I mount it in two passes. Thanks to this, it is possible to create a continuous flooring. In order for the structure not to deform over time or its elements do not begin to rub under the action of dynamic loads, it is necessary that the base does not have sharp corners and various kinks (related article: ""). Thus, the base should have as smooth lines as possible. In order to be able to meet this requirement, the edged board must have a width of at least 14 cm.

Briefly describe the requirements for a continuous crate:

• The base is made up of two layers. In this case, the second layer is continuous;
• the flooring should ultimately be even;
• bends and sharp corners should be avoided in the design;
• during storage, the board may warp, which leads to the formation of various irregularities on its surface. Therefore, boards are placed on the formwork tray up. Thanks to this, moisture that may seep through the roof will flow down unhindered. Otherwise, water will linger in the trays, which will lead to damage to the materials of the under-roof space;
• the step of the crate (its first layer) depends on the slope of the roof and the prevailing strength of the region's winds (more: ""). The more bias and stronger wind, the smaller the crate step should be (read: ""). Usually this value fluctuates in the range of 50-100 cm.

The device of the lathing under the soft roof, see the video:

Stages of lathing for a soft roof

To create a crate flooring, you will need the following materials:

• special plywood for soft roofing;
• edged board made of coniferous wood;
• galvanized nails.

At the ends, the frontal boards must be rounded as much as possible, this will ensure a soft transition of the roofing material (read: ""). Basically, this stage can be described as fundamental to obtaining a reliable roof. Therefore, the frame must be strong, smooth and reliable.

After the crate is ready, they proceed to the installation of additional elements, such as the base lining and the valley carpet. Both of these elements are designed to protect the most vulnerable places of the resulting roof from leaks. In places of eaves and end overhangs, the lathing under the soft roof is especially vulnerable to the action of atmospheric phenomena. Therefore, it is necessary to equip cornice and end punks here - the so-called droppers. They will reliably protect the crate from rain and strong gusts of wind.

Types of lathing for soft roofing
Single-layer lathing from boards for flexible tiles
Single-layer crate made of panel materials - pitch, frame thickness
Double solid plank sheathing
Combined two-layer roof lathing
Checking the quality of the crate

There are many varieties of soft roofing. It includes numerous rolled welded materials, soft tiles and roofing material. These materials may have different performance and visual characteristics, but they also have common feature- all of them are made on the basis of bitumen, due to which the softness and flexibility of the final product is ensured.

With all its flexibility, a soft roof can retain its shape once given to it and withstand various loads- but in order for these properties to manifest themselves, it is necessary to equip a high-quality and reliable crate under the roof. How to make a crate for a soft roof, and will be discussed in this article.

There are two fundamentally different types of crates - solid and lattice. In a lattice crate, all elements are at some distance from each other. As a rule, the step of installing boards in such a crate varies from 20 to 50 cm. This design is not suitable for soft roofing materials - the gaps between the boards are too large, so the roof will sag in them.

It is a completely different matter - the crate is continuous, in which, as the name suggests, there are no gaps between the elements or are minimized. The maximum step of the crate for flexible tiles in this case is 1 cm.

Under a soft roof, two types of continuous crates can be installed:

1. single layer. In this design, the elements of the crate are installed directly on the rafter legs and are parallel to the ridge run. Boards, moisture-resistant plywood or OSB are suitable for mounting a single-layer crate. This design is used quite rarely and only if the roof is covered with roofing material.
2. Double layer. This type The crate consists of two layers, which can be made from the same material or from different ones. The first layer is arranged as a lattice, with a fairly large step of installing elements. A second layer is mounted above it, in which gaps are not allowed. The main advantage of a two-layer crate is the presence ventilation duct and free space sufficient for laying heat-insulating materials, which makes this design very convenient for arranging a soft roof.

The installation technology of each type of crate should be considered in more detail.

Single-layer lathing from boards for flexible tiles

As mentioned above, a single-layer crate for flexible tiles is attached directly to the rafters and is only suitable for laying roofing material. In addition, when using this design, it will not be possible to install insulation, therefore, from the point of view of energy efficiency, a single-layer crate is not very good.

The frame for a soft roof can be made of tongue-and-groove boards or tesa. Choose unedged boards highly undesirable - any roughness and irregularities this material necessarily lead to deformation of the soft roof, which, in turn, will lead to a decrease in their decorative and operational characteristics.

When choosing boards, you need to build on the following requirements:

• The material must have a flat and smooth surface without any irregularities;
• The width of the boards can vary between 100-140 mm, and the thickness - 20-37 mm;
• The humidity of the boards should not exceed 20% (excess moisture in the wood leads to its premature deformation and damage to the roofing);
• Before making the crate, all wooden elements it is necessary to impregnate with antiseptics that will protect the wood from rotting, mold and pests.

Structurally, the considered single-layer crate is a board that is stuffed to the rafters right next to each other. Boards must be placed parallel to the ridge. So that they do not warp over time, they must be laid with the concave side up, so that the moisture that has made its way through the thickness of the roofing will flow along the boards through the eaves.

It is necessary to start the process of mounting the crate from the cornice overhang, gradually moving towards the ridge. The length of the boards must be selected so that they fit exactly on the rafter legs. It is desirable to fasten them as close to the edge as possible, driving nails into the tree to the very top.

The optimal gap between vertical adjacent boards is 3 mm. The presence of such a gap, on the one hand, will provide reliable support for a soft roof, and on the other hand, it will allow the boards to freely change their dimensions with changes in temperature and humidity. If you fix them more tightly, then the constant expansion and narrowing of the boards will sooner or later lead to their curvature.

Single-layer crate made of panel materials - pitch, frame thickness

For arranging the crate, you can use not only boards, but also panel materials - plywood or OSB. They have all the necessary qualities that are required for quality supporting structure. In addition to good performance characteristics, plywood for shingles is easy to install and has initially flat surface, ideal for further laying of soft roofing.

A number of requirements are also imposed on the panel materials used in a single-layer crate:

1. High moisture resistance. A soft roof must be reliably protected from moisture, therefore, it is necessary to select moisture-resistant materials for the crate. If we talk about specific brands, then we can distinguish OSP-3 and PSF.
2. Suitable Thickness. Panel materials can have a thickness of 9 to 27 mm (the choice of a specific value depends on the pitch of the rafters).
3. Antiseptic treatment. In order for the crate made of panel materials to be sufficiently durable and reliable, it must be treated with an antiseptic before laying.

Laying panel materials on rafters is not the same as in the case of boards. Sheets are mounted parallel to the ridge, but their joints should not coincide. Typically, a checkerboard arrangement is used for such material.

Adjacent sheets should be at a distance of 2 mm from each other. When mounting the roof in winter, the step of the crate under the OSB should be increased to 3 mm so that the crate can freely expand into summer time. To fix the shields, self-tapping screws or nails are used, which are used as follows: on the rafters, the fastening step is 30 cm, on the end sections they are located 15 cm apart, and along the edges - 10 cm.

Double solid plank sheathing

A two-layer crate consists of two layers, one of which is made in a lattice form, and the second, located at the top, is solid. This design of the crate is more reliable and efficient than a single-layer one, so it is used in the vast majority of cases. Of course, due to the greater number of layers, the thickness of the soft roof increases.

In the considered embodiment, each layer of the crate consists of boards that must meet the following requirements:

• The boards of the lattice layer must have a thickness of more than 25 mm and a thickness of 100 to 140 mm (instead of boards, you can use beams with a section of 50x50 or 30x70 mm);
• For the manufacture of a continuous layer of lathing, boards with a thickness of 20-25 mm and a width of 50-70 mm are required;
• Before laying, wooden elements must be treated with antiseptic agents.

Installation of a two-layer crate is quite simple. First of all, the boards of the first layer are attached parallel to the ridge across the rafters. They need to be fixed at such a distance that the second layer does not sag after installation. The optimal step for mounting the boards of the first row is 20-30 cm.

When the first row is mounted, you can proceed to install the second. You need to mount the elements of the crate from top to bottom. Between the boards you need to leave a small gap of 3 mm for normal thermal expansion.

Combined two-layer roof lathing

Best for laying shingles combined option lathing, in which the first layer consists of sparse boards fixed perpendicular to the rafter legs, and the second layer consists of shield materials. This type of construction is standard and is most often used in the arrangement of an unheated attic.

To create an insulated attic with waterproofing and insulation, you will need a different scheme, somewhat more complex. First, along the rafters, you need to fill the counter-lattice, and all other elements will be attached on top of it. The slats of the counter-lattice allow you to create a ventilation gap between the main batten and the waterproofing material.

The materials used must meet the following requirements:

• Smooth bars with a section of 25x30 or 50x50 mm are suitable for the counter-lattice;
• The first layer is equipped with boards 25 mm thick and 100 to 140 mm wide;
• Plywood or OSB for soft tiles should have a thickness of 9 to 12 mm;
• All wooden elements must be impregnated with an antiseptic.

Installation of the combined crate is carried out according to the following algorithm:

1. When arranging warm roof with insulation and waterproofing, you need to install a counter-lattice, which is mounted above the rafter legs. In addition to creating a gap for ventilation of the roofing pie, the bars of the counter-lattice provide fastening of the waterproofing film. To create such a structure, first of all, it is necessary to install thermal insulation and waterproofing, and only then proceed to the installation of the crate.
2. Next comes the turn of the boards of the first row, which are attached to the counter-lattice (if any) or directly to the rafter legs. The standard step for fastening the lower layer of the crate is 20-30 cm.
3. Lastly, the last row of the crate is installed. Sheets of the selected material are stacked in a checkerboard pattern with a small gap (2-3 mm). OSB or plywood for soft tiles is attached to each rafter leg in increments of about 30 cm. The edges of the elements should also fall on the supports, and at these points the attachment pitch should be reduced to 15 cm.

Checking the quality of the crate

If the crate for shingles was installed correctly, then it will have a number of properties:

• Lack of deflection under human weight - sagging elements of the lathing will significantly complicate the installation of the roofing and its repair;
• The absence of gaps in excess of permissible limits (if there are large gaps in the crate, they must be sealed with roofing tin);
• Absence of irregularities, protruding nails or knots that can compromise the integrity of the soft roofing material;
• The absence of sharp edges around the entire perimeter of the finished crate;
• Qualitatively conducted preliminary preparation wood, which includes drying boards and sheets, as well as their impregnation with antiseptics.

The roof lathing under the soft roof is considered finished only if it meets all the described requirements.

Conclusion

Several types of battens are suitable for a soft roof, so before you make a batten for a soft roof, you need to choose suitable design. If all the nuances have been taken into account, then it remains only to carry out the installation work correctly, and finished construction will provide a reliable support for soft roofing.

The roof panel is practical, light, strong and versatile. Installing bituminous pebbles is not difficult, so you can install it yourself. To do this, you need to familiarize yourself with the technology of work and some secrets. experienced craftsmen and collect necessary tools and materials.

What is a tile?

The material is a flexible plate, which has cutouts on its lower edges.

Their length is one meter, and their width is just over 300 mm. Plates, called gongs, consist of several layers.

As a base for bituminous tiles, non-woven glass consists of "glued" glass fibers.

A real box under a soft top

This method allows to obtain a high-strength and dense fabric, characterized by elasticity and low weight.

On both sides, the fiberglass is protected by a waterproofing layer of modified bitumen. Modifiers:

• SBS elastomers that provide additional elasticity and increase durability;
• APP which provide high resistance to high temperatures.

With regard to the application of waterproof layers, oxidized (oxygen enriched) bitumen can be used.

In this case, the wear resistance of the tile increases.

The outer layer consists of stone granulate that is dried with bark or basalt that has different fractions.

This is the one that is responsible for the color of the roof.

More reliable and less rugged basalt chips, having rounded shapes near the bitumen layer.

In addition to aesthetic appeal, the powder performs a protective function.

He does not allow:

• melt under the burning rays of the sun;
• destruction under the influence of atmospheric precipitation;
• mechanical damage;
• loses color under the influence of ultraviolet radiation.

On the reverse side flexible tiles, dots or stripes, a layer of self-adhesive bitumen is used.

To ensure that the cups are not attached to each other during transport or storage, the bottom layer is protected with a special film. It is removed immediately before installation.

The main advantages of a soft ceramic roof

Bituminous tiles can be coated sloping roofs, which have almost any geometry and slope of 12 degrees or more.

This material is quite simple. A square meter of coverage weighs about eight kilograms. It is more than six times lighter than natural shingles.

The action of the sun's rays leads to some softening of the bitumen and the soldering of the tiles into a continuous coating.

The roof of bituminous cups acquires tightness, high resistance to moisture and resistance to deformation.

Various bottom edge shapes, colours, protective dusts and coatings allow you to create an individual look for buildings. Roofs are decorated, aesthetically pleasing and acquire nobility.

Bituminous tiles are economical materials.

In addition to the fact that its price and installation costs are relatively inexpensive, there is no need to buy additional elements for skates and adjacent to each other. They are made from cut tiles.

Installation of shingles is characterized by a minimum amount of waste left after installation.

In addition to the above benefits of soft tile, it has many positive features such as:

• Resistant to decay and corrosion;
• resistance to the spread of mold and fungi;
• inability to destroy the coating from insects or rodents;
• dielectric capacitance;
• high noise absorption rate (raindrops and copper bread do not fly over the surface);
• lack of mandatory installation of snow elements due to the roughness of the top layer of the tile;
• suitable for transportation due to small size roofing material.

The disadvantages of bituminous shingles include the need for careful subfloor fitting.

It should not have any deviations.

Installation of bituminous tiles

In order for the roof surface to look spectacular, not leak and work for a long time, you need to approach your device responsibly. The technology of work includes several stages, each of which is an important component of the whole process.

Basic device

In the case of shingles, a properly formed base plays an important role and affects the quality finished coating roofs.

The main condition is that the floor is a continuous, completely flat surface.

The roof of bituminous cups will look ugly even with minimal differences or curvature of the base.

As a floor, you can choose:

• Solid box with plates;
• moisture resistant plywood;
• OSB-3.

The materials are mounted on a scarlet structure.

It should be noted that they must be treated with antiseptics and refractory impregnations - flame retardants.

Many craftsmen recommend that the base be installed with a continuous box, but it can provide OSB with strength, rigidity, and smoothness. In addition, they can not only withstand harsh operating conditions, but also significantly reduce the time and cost of work when installing flooring.

Therefore, the conclusion shows that they will be more suitable - moisture resistant, targeted particles used for devices.

Materials must not be tightly packed together. An expansion gap of three millimeters must be left between the sheets or plates, so that in the event of an increase in temperature, the products do not begin to build.

The thickness of the panels, slabs or plywood directly depends on the ski scissors.

The size of the panel can be at the same time 2.0 ... 3.7 cm, plywood or OSB board - 1.2 ... 2.7 cm. Since the floor mounts use self-tapping wood or baked nails.

For the long-term performance of flexible roof tiles, it is important to ensure that the roof is adequately ventilated, especially if the heated space is located below it.

Radiation safety:

• without accumulation of excess moisture;
• the impossibility of mold formation.

For natural ventilation device roof available:

• channels for circulation air masses or ventilation;
• air supply located below the lower edge of the roof;
• air outlets at the top of the roof.

  An aerator, comb, or side caps help keep the drain going.

The inlet is closed with special gratings or dividing strips to prevent birds from getting inside the nesting channels or getting into possible contaminants.

The dimensions of the circulation channels are designed for the corner of the roof. If it is less than 20 degrees, the height of the channel can be equal to eight centimeters. With a large slope, it is assumed that the size does not exceed five centimeters.

Coating for flexible tiles

To ensure 100% protection of the roof against possible leaks, an additional waterproofing layer of roofing material or glass is created between the base and the tiles.

On slopes with a slope of 12-18 degrees, a solid carpet is installed, rollers along the longitudinal direction. The fabrics lined up at the bottom with a coating of at least ten centimeters.

If the slope of the roof is more than 18 degrees, the standards allow additional waterproofing only at corners, ends, ends, rolls, and other places of potential penetration of precipitation or melt.

The width of the strips is at least 40 cm at the same time, on the ground along the ledges and ends and at least 25 cm on either side of the ridge or other protruding part.

The material is attached to the base of the roof with galvanized nails that have wide hats. Their step should be 20 cm.

The edges of cavities and joints must be additionally moistened with liquid bitumen.

Ceiling roof surfaces

Before installing soft tiles, the ends and layers of the roof are reinforced with special metal gratings.

They are installed on top of the carrier layer with a slight overlap and secured to the ground with a broom in 12 cm increments.

The purpose of the sliding rails is to protect the package from falling to atmospheric precipitation and a complete complete roof structure.

In the valleys they cover the carpets with fixed galvanized nails with wide hats.

It is important that the color of the carpet and flexible cups do not differ from each other, the materials refer to the same model.

Tile placement rules

To begin with, the bottom row of cut plates with a rectangular frame is placed.

At the same time, remove the protective film immediately before assembly and cover the sheet, which is removed from the canopy by a few centimeters.

Root shingles are additionally attached with nails. Sheets can be stapled with a stapler.

The red tiles start from the bottom down, from the center of the platform to the end, so that the resulting roof pattern is symmetrical.

The first type of pebble is laid in such a way that the lower edge of the edge is 10 mm from the lower edge of the corner. Attach to the main bituminous cup with 4-6 nails.

The elements of each successive row are laid in motion relative to the pre-installed tiles, so that the upper tiles cover the joints of the lower tiles.

At the ends, bituminous tiles are cut to size and additionally fixed with an adhesive.

In the area of ​​the valley of the valley, cutting is carried out in such a way that a shallow carpet path (width about 150 mm) is visible. Girdle sheets are glued.

Installation of cladding and transitions

The skeleton is made of slabs that are cut along the perforations.

After removing the film, the elements are installed at the installation site and are first fixed with nails on both sides, and after installing the next part, with two additional ones. The back plate is adhesively bonded to the cladding facing the previous tile.

Rubber seals are used on the roof surface of small diameter structures such as antennas.

In contact with smoke and ventilation hoses, as well as with wall windows and walls, in the upper part of the facing layer there are longitudinal triangular strips, on which there are plates of flexible tiles.

At the same time, on the platform, it must pass 20 cm and on a vertical surface - 30 cm. The seams are processed silicone sealant, and the upper bracket is closed with a metal strip of the profile (adjacent line).

Do-it-yourself installation of flexible tiles

The soft top is easy to set up on your own.

To do this, the manufacturer's instructions specifically designed for the products must be taken into account. General rules remain unchanged, but there may be slight differences in technology.

11/30/2014 at 23:11

Most homeowners are unambiguously leaning to the side bituminous roofing. The reason for this is as an opportunity different design, and excellent physical properties. No matter how many roofing materials appear on the market, the bituminous roofing option remains a favorite.

Among the positive technical characteristics, the resistance of such a material to any weather conditions, as well as to mechanical stress. Besides, crate undershingles - perfect choice for do-it-yourself installation, while both the material itself and the installation process are inexpensive.

Features of bituminous shingles

Bitumen shingles hardy and strong, this is due to the continuous two-layer wood flooring.

It must have sufficient endurance and practicality. To learn more about the process, see roof battens video.

During lathing installation the formation of corners or kinks should not be allowed, as this will cause friction of the materials used for the roof in the future.

It is also necessary to adjust the materials used so that all lines are even. Don't miss this step of the crate under the shingles.

What materials to use

How to make a crate?

What step of the crate should be under a soft roof?

Assembly skills plus materials are the two main guarantors of quality battens undersoft roof. Consider the second component - materials.

• Roofing film

  This film allows you to increase the level of waterproofing of the room, and also contributes to the preservation of heat in the house.

  Plus everything else roofing film makes the roof stronger.

• wooden blocks

  It is important that their moisture content is not higher than 20% dry weight. It must be remembered that this indicator changes at each stage. battenssoft top roofs.

• Edged planed board

  Its width should be 140 mm.

  A prerequisite is the strength, quality of the material. Actually make a crate under a soft roof without resorting to the help of professionals, easily.

What should be the flooring of the crate

To make the roof of the house reliable, flooring solidbattens must meet the following requirements:

• smooth and smooth surface, there should not be the slightest tubercles in the flooring, this is already a kind of defect;
• a high strength indicator, this is calculated in accordance with the weight of the roof covering;
• good resistance to mechanical stress, weather conditions;
• the presence of cracks with a width of more than 6 mm is also excluded.

Quality plays an important role in the reliability of the future roof. mountingtruss system for bituminous tiles.

Before proceeding with the laying of the boards, it is necessary to lay bars every 5-10 cm, and on top of these bars - lay the board with a continuous flooring. This is not a prerequisite, but it is highly recommended to carry out these actions.

1. bituminous tiles
2. Lining carpet
3. Plate OSB-3
4. Rail
5. rafters

Some nuances during installation

To create a reliable roof, you need to install wood on the crate with the tray facing out.

Thanks to this nuance, all the moisture that somehow gets on the roof from the outside will flow down the tray. truss system under shingles suggests just such an option for eliminating moisture.

It is impossible to lose sight of the condition used for battensunder a soft roof with your own hands.

If you purchased the boards a long time ago, it is quite possible that they warped. However, the same could happen to them in the warehouse if the boards were stored in the wrong conditions.

To everyone who undertakes to create correct lathing for a soft roof, it is worth knowing that only when using quality materials the roof will be durable, provide excellent heat and waterproofing.

Be sure to check if the material you choose meets the quality standards, this is an important step of the crate under the soft roof.

What are the roofs
flat
pitched
Slope angle
Design features
What roofing material is best
Do-it-yourself roof construction
Roof cladding
Vapor barrier device
Warming technology
Roofing installation
Arrangement of roof ventilation

Roof construction completes building process for the erection of the building.

In order for it to be strong and durable, it is necessary to build the truss structure as correctly as possible. As for coating materials, metal and bituminous tiles are most often used for these purposes.

What are the roofs

Thanks to the roof, the house acquires its originality and uniqueness.

There is a rather impressive list of varieties of this design, especially for do-it-yourself roofing.

In general, all roofs are divided into flat and pitched.

flat

In our country, this type of construction is not used very often: much more often flat roofs can be found in southern Europe. Great importance has the amount of snowfall in winter.

Therefore, it becomes clear why only certain roofing materials are popular with us, because they have to withstand multi-ton snow loads. The most reliable option for a flat roof in this case is a reinforced concrete floor, which is most often equipped with garages and apartment buildings. For its construction, a crane and special construction equipment are used.

For facing a flat roof, roofing material or its modifications (rubemast, euroroofing material) are most often used. Subject to technology, such a design will last about 15 years, after which a major overhaul will be required.

In addition, there are so-called. "exploited" flat roofs, on the surface of which green spaces are placed, play sports grounds and even swimming pools. It will require the construction of a convenient exit, which only qualified specialists can do.

pitched

A very common type of roof in the field of domestic private construction.

Pitched structures can have various shapes and angles of inclination. The simplest option is a shed roof, in which one of the persistent walls is made higher: in this way, the necessary bevel of the roof structure is obtained.

The shape of the frame here directly depends on the distance between the supports. Despite the small presentability, shed roofs are very popular in the field of private construction. This is primarily due to their low cost and ease of construction.

The first place in terms of prevalence continues to be held by gable structures, the appearance of which largely depends on the angle of inclination of the slopes.

This parameter may be different on individual slopes: this primarily concerns gable structures. Depending on the number of gables, single-gabled and double-gabled roofs are distinguished. To perform a multi-gable framework, serious knowledge in the field of architecture will be required.

Double-gable roofs are quite often equipped with attics, where full-fledged living quarters are equipped. Basically, this approach to planning is typical for cottage construction: the frame in this case is quite simple, and appearance roofs - very presentable.

Slope angle

Roof construction technology largely depends on the angle of the slope. To calculate it, you need a serious approach. First of all, the frequency of precipitation in a given region is taken into account: for rainy areas, the slope angle is recommended at 45 degrees. In the presence of strong winds the roof is made more flat.

The type of roofing material used also affects the roof slope parameter. Tiled or slate coverings will require a slope angle of at least 22 degrees to prevent moisture from accumulating at the docking areas.

For the construction of a pitched roof with one plane, the slope angle is selected within 20-30 degrees, for a gable roof - 25-45 degrees. With an increase in the steepness of the slopes, the cost of their construction increases, in view of the increasing costs of the material.

The most low-budget is a flat roof with a slope of 5 degrees.

Design features

The structure of any roof includes a truss system, on which a roofing pie is mounted.

It includes rafters, struts, Mauerlat and crate. Rafters are hanging and layered. The main element here is the triangle, which is given the greatest rigidity. The ends of the layered elements are placed on top of the walls, and their middle touches the intermediate racks. The ends of the hanging rafters are mounted only on walls or Mauerlat: there are no intermediate racks here.

As a Mauerlat on wooden buildings the tops of the log house protrude.

Brick walls are equipped with a wooden beam laid flush with the inner wall plane. At the top, the truss system is formed by a run, which acts as a connector for truss trusses.

The ridge run subsequently becomes the location of the roof ridge. The composition of the cake includes a crate, vapor barrier, insulation and cladding. Sometimes other layers are present: this is affected climatic conditions terrain and the chosen technology of arrangement.

What roofing material is best

Decide with roofing material needed during development project documentation, as this will greatly facilitate planning.

The choice of a suitable material is influenced by its price, composition and external aesthetic characteristics.

The most popular roofing options are:

• Decking.

  It is the prototype of a metal tile. Has the form steel sheet rolled in the longitudinal direction. Galvanization can be used as material protection or polymer coating. Basically, with the help of corrugated board, commercial-type buildings are being built - hangars, warehouses, garages. In private construction, it is used to implement budget projects.

• metal tile.

  A very common roof covering. In the production process, galvanized sheets are rolled, after which they are formed with a layer of protective polymer. Outwardly, metal tiles are similar to ceramic tiles, significantly inferior to it in weight.

• Ceramic tiles. Traditional roofing material, belonging to the category of elite.

  Approximately 14 modifications of this coating are on sale. The disadvantages of ceramic tiles include its significant weight, lack of strength, high cost. Installation work in this case is an order of magnitude more difficult than in the case of a metal counterpart, since it will require the creation of a strong truss structure.

  If everything is done correctly, a ceramic roof will last about 80 years.

• bituminous tiles. For the manufacture of these flexible plates, fiberglass or fiberglass impregnated with modified bitumen is used. Color palette bituminous tiles are very large, so there are usually no problems with choosing the right shade. With the help of this coating, it is possible to decorate roofs of the most complex configuration. Bituminous shingles are very light, have high soundproofing performance, and there is practically no waste when laying them.
• Cement-sand tiles.

  In the manufacturing process, the dry mass undergoes a rolling procedure. Consists of quartz sand, Portland cement, water and alkali. Acrylic dye is used to communicate the desired color. With the similarity of a number of characteristics with ceramic tiles, cement-sand products are much cheaper.

• seam roof. The most popular type of metal roofing.

  It can be made of titanium-zinc, copper or steel. The main disadvantage of galvanized coating is the need for regular painting. The weight of this design is small, but additional soundproofing will be required.

• Slate. A rather cheap material, during the manufacturing process of which the cement stone is reinforced with asbestos fibers.

  Laying slate is quite simple: such a roof withstands various atmospheric influences. Over time, the surface tarnishes, due to which it loses its former attractiveness. In addition, there is an increase in the fragility of the material, which causes leaks.

• Euroslate. It is also called ondulin. This corrugated bituminous sheet is characterized by low weight and good elasticity.

  Installation of euroslate is simple, it usually does not take much time. Having approximately the same cost as ordinary slate, ondulin surpasses it in terms of aesthetics and richness of colors.

• Keramoplast. Innovative polymer material domestic production, imitating various roofing coverings, from slate to tile.

  It is light in weight and has excellent strength.

Do-it-yourself roof construction

At the beginning of the construction of the roof device on top bearing walls a Mauerlat is laid, for the fastening of which anchors are required. Under him in without fail it is necessary to put waterproofing (roofing or roofing material).

For fastening the rafter tops, overlapped overlays are used. Mauerlat on the bottom is equipped with brackets that fix the rafter legs.

Roof cladding

Upon completion of the installation of the truss structure, a crate is laid, the parameters of which correspond to the selected roof cladding.

It can be continuous or sparse, with a certain step. A solid structure is arranged for a soft roof: in this case, plywood sheets are used.

In the case of metal tiles, corrugated board or ondulin, the crate is constructed from boards, the distance between which can vary between 40-50 cm. On private houses, a small protrusion is required along all overhangs: this will allow you to build a protective cornice that protects the walls from flooding with rain during the wind .

Vapor barrier device

If the organization is planned for attic a full-fledged living space, then a vapor barrier material must be placed under the roofing.

Which crate for flexible tiles is better - types and rules of the device

For these purposes, isospan or yutafan is suitable. If the attic will be used exclusively as a pantry, then it is not necessary to lay a vapor barrier.

Warming technology

Thanks to the insulated roof, significant savings are achieved Money for home heating in winter. Mainly used for roof insulation mineral wool and slab material - ursu and isover.

It is very important that the heaters can endure moisture, frost, are not toxic and do not exude unpleasant odors. Thermal insulation material and the crate must be separated by an air gap of at least 50 mm, which will avoid wetting the insulation from the resulting condensate.

For these purposes, the rafters are equipped with a counter-lattice.

Roofing installation

It is better to start the laying procedure from below, in the opposite direction to rainwater.

If corrugated sheets are used, then it will be necessary to take into account the direction of the prevailing winds in this region. It is most convenient to assemble roofing materials on the roof: those that are not equipped with a special fastening system (we are talking about metal tiles and corrugated board) are equipped with special roofing nails. The final stage of the organization of the roof is the installation of special elements to retain snow.

Arrangement of roof ventilation

In order for the roof to last as long as possible, it is necessary to equip it with effective ventilation.

It is intended to remove moisture outside the structure, facilitating air circulation under the roof. To do this, it can use both natural draft and special ventilation devices: in this case, everything depends on the area and design features roof space.

The valley is especially susceptible to moisture, so it should be protected as well as possible.

Carrying out the construction of the roof of a country house, it is necessary to provide for the possibility of subsequent measures for the maintenance and repair of the structure. This will require a fixed ladder.

Everyone will understand. https://www.youtube.com/embed/YwMJlUYMn9U

Do-it-yourself crate for a soft roof

home• Construction• How to make a roof from roll material: lathing, laying roofing material

How to make a roof from roll material: lathing, laying roofing material

Any guide to laying a roll roof will say that the base under it, the so-called crate, be sure to make it solid and even. This is very important for the durability of the roof.

Uneven deck surface will cause cracks and breaks in the roll coating already a year after laying.

But a solid plank crate is a very expensive structure., and not always available right amount boards. In addition, a barn or a temporary shed hardly deserves such a rich crown.
Especially if the owner has to save on the quantity and quality of rafters.

The result will not show itself immediately, but gradually the roof will lead and bend.

Slab, unedged boards of different thicknesses are also quite suitable for the installation of lathing under a rolled roof.

The design of such a roof has been tested by practice, although it is published for the first time.

Laying roofing material on a slab crate

To reduce confusion, let's take a specific situation. Should be covered in one layer shed roof shed with a slope up to 15%. Roof dimensions 3.5 x 3.5 m.

The crate on the rafters of the barn is made of slab.

Rice. 1. Laying roofing felt on a slab crate

1 - ruberoid, 2 - round felt nail, 3 - building nail 4 - pressing board
5 - croaker, 6 - pillar, 7 - rafter, 8 - smoothing board

Required materials for manufacturing:

Roofing ruberoid with coarse-grained dressing (GOST 10 920-52). In general, roofing material is produced in rolls with a width of 1000, 1025, 1050 mm. The length of roofing material in a roll of our brand (RK.K.-42OA, RKK-42OB, etc.) is 10 m (+0.5 m). You need to purchase 2 of these rolls.

2. Roofing nails large 3 × 40 GOST 4029-83 (3 mm in diameter and 40 mm long) will need 0.5-0.8 kg.

3. Building nails with a flat head P 3 × 80 GOST 4028-63 or construction nails with a conical head K 3 × 70 GOST 4026-63.

You need 1-1.5 kg.

4. Edged boards 3-19 × 70 GOST 2695-83, which means: edged boards of the third grade, 19 mm thick, 70 mm wide. Wider smoothing boards can be used (see fig. fig.1).

Moreover, for pressing boards, you can use boards of smaller thickness and width, up to old skirting boards. Approximately you will need 0,3 cubic meters of boards.

Roof structure made of ruberoid (Fig.

1. The outer rounded surface of the slab before fixing on the crate, they are cleaned of bark and knots. They are removed from the "knolls" with an ax, plow or even a shovel blade. Bark, sawdust, shavings are burned immediately.

2. Smoothing boards placed along the slope at a distance 0,5-0,7 m from each other. Usually smoothing boards of one line have to be made composite.

The boards are built up using the method of an oblique lock, which eliminates the occurrence of steps at the junction. Boards are nailed to the crate construction nails.

3. Roll of roofing material deploy partially or completely on a flat surface. First cut with a knife along the ruler 4 m.

At the same time, a board is placed under the roofing material on the cut line. The resulting cloth is carefully twisted. Do the same with the second roll.

4. Roofing material panels lifted onto the crate, laid out perpendicular to the slope, from the bottom up, with an overlap in 140-200 mm, over smoothing boards. You can only step on the roofing material located on the smoothing boards. On a windy day, the panels are nailed to these boards with roofing nails.

You need to step back from the panels with an eye: the crate is not endless!

Two pieces of roofing material 2 m can also be used by placing them end to end on a smoothing board.

5. Pressure boards they are nailed with construction nails to smoothing boards, clamping the roofing material panels. The latter will eventually sag under the influence of the sun.

Traveling on the roof is only permitted on the pressure boards!

In continuation of the article- How to cover the roof with roofing material on a barn or shed

Today, more and more fans appear at the soft roof. The quality of its operation largely depends on its arrangement, during which a rather important role is played by the base of the roof - the crate. When designing it, all the nuances should be taken into account, including the presence of chimneys, ventilation passages and built-in skylights.

To prevent the roofing material from leaking, it must be tightly laid to the formwork, so the lathing under the soft roof should not have irregularities, all its joints must be perfectly adjusted to each other. For the quality of the roof, not only the roofing is “responsible”, but also the material for the roof lathing.
Wooden roof lathing for soft roofing is usually a flat surface assembled from edged boards with a very dense installation step.

Most of all, calibrated boards are suitable for the manufacture of “soft” formwork. It is clear that using lumber of different thicknesses it is difficult to count on the ideal evenness of the base, most likely, the result will be a stepped surface. Even if it is possible to lay shingles on it, it will obviously not last long.

For the formwork of the upper enclosing structure, multilayer moisture-resistant plywood, fiberboard or OSB can also be used - these are materials that will also retain moisture.

Requirements for the installation of lathing under a soft roof

The device of the crate for a soft roof must be made in such a way as to allow it to withstand the loads of the roofing without causing deformation of the surface. In this regard, taking into account such roof loads as the mass of the snow cover, the effective thickness for lumber formwork or for plywood is calculated based on the pitch of the rafters. For example, in a construction with a rafter pitch of 500 mm, a 20 mm thick edged board or 10 mm thick OSB boards are used for the base, and with a 1200 mm pitch, the material thickness will be 30 and 20 mm, respectively.

The lathing under the soft roof must be fixed, be strong and smooth, have waste products. Its humidity before installation, according to SNiP, should not exceed 20%, that is, 1/5 of the dry weight.

Features of the base for shingles

To get full coverage, wooden base installed in two layers. As a result, a solid flooring is obtained on top of the truss structure, which is smooth and even. To prevent kinks or excessive friction in such a roofing, the base design must be free of sharp corners and any kinks.

Therefore, it is so important that in the process of preparing and adjusting the base materials, all its lines turn out to be smooth, without corners. To build such a structure, the width of the edged board should be about 140 mm. Thus,

• the base is made two-layer, and the coating should be continuous;
• the flooring of the base should turn out to be even and perfectly smooth;
• the design should not have bends or sharp corners that can cause friction of the roofing material;
• it should be noted that during storage the board may begin to warp, and this, in turn, will cause the formation of trays and humps on its surface, in other words, grooves and bulges. For correct device it is recommended to lay lumber on the formwork with the tray up. Then the moisture seeping through the roof will be able to flow down the tray. Otherwise, the only way for water to drain will be the joints, and it will thus seep into the under-roof space.
• step of the lathing under the soft roof depends on the slope of the roof and the strength of the winds in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe house, on the degree of windage of the device of the shingles itself. The strength of the wind and the pitch of the base are inversely proportional: the stronger the wind, the smaller the pitch of the base for flexible tiles should be, and, conversely, the smaller it is, the greater the pitch of the base. Usually, the pitch of the base for shingles can vary in the region of 50-100 cm.

Stages of lathing for a soft roof

For the manufacture of crate flooring, the following materials are used:

• special roofing plywood,
• edged board, preferably from coniferous species,
• fastener nails.

Installation work begins with the device of the first, working layer of the base, wooden blocks of which are attached to load-bearing structure, rafters, from bottom to top. The condition of the most flexible tile in the future depends on how even and smooth this layer will turn out. It should not undergo friction and kinks.

At the ends of the base, the frontal boards are rounded as much as possible to ensure a smooth, without any bends and fractures, the transition of the roofing material. That is, in practice, the installation of the base begins with the construction of the frame, which should have increased strength and reliability.

Then proceed to the device of the next continuous layer, finishing - laying roofing plywood. It must first be impregnated with a special waterproofing compound.

Perhaps this will not be enough to provide high-quality waterproofing, so it is recommended to lay an additional layer of waterproofing on top of the waterproofed plywood.

For an additional waterproofing layer is usually used bituminous mastic. Next, to enhance the thermal insulation of the roof, a vapor-tight film can be laid on the base.

It is important that all the battens of the battens are installed in a strictly horizontal position.

Flexible shingles, bituminous shingles, soft shingles are all names for the same material. What is at stake, I think no one needs to explain. This material is very popular in our country. Most often, developers make a choice between flexible tiles and metal tiles. Now we are with you and will deal with this issue.

Since my site is primarily dedicated to building with my own hands, I want to note right away that covering the roof with flexible tiles is easier than with metal tiles, but takes longer. At the end of this article, you can watch an excellent video tutorial on installing shingles. You will see that it is not difficult at all. In the video, the whole process is described in great detail, but there are some shortcomings. This will be discussed below.

I think it would be right to first talk about the base for flexible tiles. By the way, the video tutorial shows the base for a roof with a cold attic. This needs to be distinguished. In general, in order to better understand what I will talk about, watch the video right now. And only then read the article further.

Manufacturers of shingles write in the instructions that edged or tongue-and-groove boards, plywood with increased moisture resistance or OSB-3 (OSB-3) oriented strand boards can be used as a base. To select the thickness of the base, the following plate is most often given:

These values ​​are based on a snow load of 180 kg/m² and a concentrated load of 100 kg/m².

Let's try to compare the prices of these materials (prices in a construction warehouse in Nizhny Novgorod February 2013):

I rounded up the prices quite a bit. But the general picture is clear. Plywood is cheaper than OSB by an average of 15%.

With a rafter pitch of both 600 mm and 900 mm, a board with a thickness of 25 mm (inch) will most likely still be used, because you are unlikely to find boards with a thickness of 20 or 23 mm on sale. The price of 1 m² of a continuous crate of edged boards (25 mm) will be approximately 135 rubles; from grooved boards (25 mm) - about 260 rubles.

Let's see what happens. The cheapest will be the base of edged boards. But! There is one big "BUT". Firstly, very often purchased boards have a large error in thickness (sometimes up to 5 mm). They will have to be sorted. If you sew everything in a row, all the irregularities after the installation of flexible tiles (when it softens in the sun) will be visible. Secondly, commercially available boards usually have the moisture content of freshly sawn wood. If you make a continuous crate of them immediately after purchase, they will dry out in just a couple of days in the wind and in the sun. Between them, gaps up to 10-15 mm are formed, which is not permissible.

Therefore, we conclude. Edged boards can be used for the base for flexible shingles, but they must first be dried for fresh air, sort by thickness and set aside those boards that will greatly warp during drying. By the way, you need to dry the boards by laying them in a stack (it’s even better to tighten the stack with straps for screeding cargo), otherwise almost everything will warp them.

I will not talk about the grooved board. Expensive and not worth it at all.

More common is the use of plywood or OSB boards. The difference in price is insignificant, so preference is given mainly to OSB boards. Performance characteristics they will be more interesting. Among some experts, there is even an opinion that plywood under shingles can delaminate, because. the humidity of the upper layer (contacting with the roofing material) practically does not change, and the humidity of the lower layers varies depending on the humidity of the air circulating in the ventilation gaps. I have nothing to say about this. Have not seen.

Now an interesting moment. Imagine that we are making a roof with a cold attic and we have a rafter pitch of 900 mm. We want to use OSB-3 boards. According to the tables (see above), their thickness should be 18 mm, the price is 350 rubles / m². This is an option when OSB boards are placed directly on the rafters.

But we can make a step crate of 25x100 mm edged boards in front of OSB slabs. The distance between the boards is 300 mm. And already lay OSB plates 9 mm thick on it. What will we get: the price of a step crate is approximately 35 rubles / m² and OSB boards- 165 rubles / m². In total, the price of the foundation will be 200 rubles / m². The savings are more than amazing. By the way, just such a basis is shown in the video lesson.

It will be possible to save (albeit less) in the same way with a rafter pitch of 600 mm. In general, I think you get the point. By the way, instead of edged boards, you can take unedged ones. It will be even cheaper, just be sure to peel off the bark from them.

Now look how it should look for a warmed mansard roof:

In this figure, the diffusion membrane is a waterproofing film that allows water vapor to pass in only one direction - from the insulation to the ventilated gap.

Based on the foregoing, we can finally compare the costs of flexible tiles and (excluding films and insulation - they are the same and are both there and there). Let the pitch of the rafters be from 600 to 900 mm. What will we get? Step crate under a metal tile (board 25x100 mm, step 35 cm) will cost about 40 rubles / m². The metal tile itself is 180-500 rubles / m². As a result, we get 220-540 rubles / m².

The basis for flexible tiles - 200 rubles / m² (board + OSB 9 mm, see above), flexible tiles themselves - 210-520 rubles / m². As a result, we get 410-720 rubles / m². It should also be noted that additional elements for flexible tiles will cost a little more and builders' prices for it are higher by about 50-100 rubles / m².

Draw your own conclusions, the choice, as always, is yours. Flexible tiles are simply irreplaceable when the roof has a complex configuration (many different triangular slopes, ribs, valleys, etc.). If we have a simple one, then of course it is more logical to use a metal tile. But again, it's a matter of taste. The minimum slope angle of the roof slopes, declared by the manufacturers for both types of roofing, is approximately the same 11-12 °.

Let's get back to the video tutorial. Please note that it does not show the elements of the drainage system that are most often present and they must be installed before performing roofing work. About installation drainage systems I will talk more in a separate article, but for now just look at the picture.

metal eaves plank must be fastened with a small outlet (about 3 cm) so that water enters the gutter.

Now a few words about the ventilation of the under-roof space. It needs to be arranged both for a cold attic and for a warm mansard roof. Air usually enters through cornice overhangs(for this, they are sheathed with soffit from below) and exits either in the ridge or directly in the upper part of the roof through special ventilation elements.

Different manufacturers of shingles produce various exhaust ventilation elements. All of them have their own cross-sectional area of ​​​​the ventilation gap. The number of installed elements is selected depending on the ventilated area of ​​the roof. I think now it makes no sense to give tables of this dependence. Any company where you will purchase shingles will tell you what elements can be used for this coating, as well as how many and in what places they are installed.

Also worth noting is the following:

The minimum temperature at which it is desirable to carry out installation is 5-6°C. At lower temperatures, flexible tile manufacturers allow the use building hair dryer. My personal opinion is that it is better to do the roofing in the warm season.

In hot sunny weather, store packages with shingles in the shade, otherwise it becomes too soft and protective film adhesive surface is poorly peeled off.

It is very important not to work on wet ground. After rain, be sure to wait until the roof dries.

That's probably all. Watch the video tutorial. As always, I will be glad to see your questions and additions on the topic in the comments.