Roof insulation materials. Complete instructions for installing a warm roof Thermal insulation materials for roofs and facades

The insulated roof is a reliable protection of the building and the prevention of heat loss, saving energy costs for insulation. Therefore, the arrangement of the roof is a priority in the construction of a residential building. At the same time, different materials can be used for thermal insulation, differing in characteristics, installation method and efficiency. Knowledge of these features will allow you to choose perfect coverage for the arrangement of a specific roof of a building.

Types of roof insulation

There are several options for insulating the roof of a private house. Choice desired type carried out depending on what function the attic space performs, and it can be a living space, a storage room or just an insulated attic. In any case, thermal insulation prevents the penetration of cold through the roof area and ensures comfort in the house.

The roofing cake of an insulated residential building consists of several layers

The organization of insulation is necessary in case of arrangement attic room in the attic. If it is used for economic purposes or is not functional, then you can do without insulation, but it is worth equipping the ceiling of the room or the floor of the attic.

Arrangement of the roof in order to prevent heat loss in the house can be internal or external. The first option is optimal for roofs of any type and involves the installation of heat-insulating material from inside the room under the roof. Features of this type are expressed in the following:

the structure of the roofing cake is created from truss system, installation of waterproofing and lathing, roof covering from the outside. Then a heat insulator, a vapor barrier membrane is installed from the inside, and then follows finishing premises;
a gap of about 3–5 cm is left between the vapor barrier and the insulation, which is necessary to remove moisture. This will help protect the materials of construction from decay;
all popular heat insulators can be mounted from inside the room, having calculated the thickness of the layer and taking into account the technology of work.

With internal roof insulation, it is possible different ways thermal insulation

In the second case, the material is laid outside, which is often convenient for pitched roofs with a rafter system. Such external insulation requires careful calculation of the weight of the heat insulator, as there is a load on load-bearing elements roofs. The option is best for flat roofs, and during installation, rigid slabs are used, on top of which pebbles or concrete slabs are laid.

If external arrangement is required pitched roof, then such work is carried out outside the building. Roofing, load-bearing lathing and waterproofing film are preliminarily removed. After that, a base is mounted from boards 20 mm thick on the inside of the rafters, on which the insulation will be laid from the outside.

Video: external roof insulation with Polynor

Thermal insulation materials and their characteristics

For the arrangement of the roof, you can use different materials, which are presented in a wide range and differ in characteristics, appearance, cost and installation method. It is these factors that are taken into account when choosing one or another component, and it is also important that the characteristics of the insulation must correspond climatic features region, type of roof and method of arrangement. Yet perfect material must have high sound insulation, long service life and resistance to moisture and fire, light weight.

You can equip the roof with different materials, but the insulation must have high performance

Among the wide variety of materials, the following structures are in demand and practical:

mineral wool - known, affordable and practical option heat insulator, characterized by a service life of up to 25–30 years, minimal water absorption, low weight, good sound insulation and low thermal conductivity. Fibrous structure and high rigidity make cotton wool optimal for warming. Manufacturers such as Rockwool, IZOVOL, Knauf, Paroc present many material options in rolls and plates, for example, with a reflective film that provides a high heat-retaining effect;
The Paroc brand produces practical and high-quality mineral wool options
structures based on polystyrene are in demand and diverse. These are expanded polystyrene, penoizol, extruded polystyrene foam. They are very light, presented in the form of plates, have good sound insulation and low thermal conductivity. Heaters of this type are characterized by high flammability, destruction under the influence of ultraviolet radiation. Penoplex, Extrol and Novoplex companies produce different variants structures based on polystyrene affordable price;
Penoplex is practical and easy to install on different surfaces
cellulose fiber heat insulators are loose and light fibrous structures. They do not rot and are not exposed to moisture, have antiseptic properties and provide good protection from the noise outside. Flame retardants give the material resistance to fire. Manufacturers Izotek, Ecowool-Center and others produce modern cellulose materials at an affordable price.
Cellulosic materials are laid on horizontal surfaces, providing protection from heat loss.

All of these structures are in demand not only for arranging the roof, but also for the basement, floor, utility rooms, walls. In each case, the installation is carried out according to a certain technology, but all heat insulators are easy to lay and provide protection against heat loss.

Video: roof insulation outside with mineral wool

How to prepare a roof for insulation

Before direct installation of the insulation, prepare the roof. This is necessary both when arranging a room for an attic, and for simple thermal insulation of the attic floor.

Basic preparation rules:

all wooden elements of a pitched roof or concrete surface are cleaned of traces of mold and decay. You can remove such dirt from wood sandpaper, and from concrete - with a spatula;
after cleaning, dry the surface and apply an antiseptic agent designed for a specific material, for example, for wood;
wooden, metal parts roofs after cleaning are covered with anti-corrosion or bituminous paint. Ordinary oil is also suitable, because these structural elements need protection from moisture and fungus;
in preparation, they check the reliability of fastening of all structural elements of rafters, partitions and other parts of a pitched roof. In the case of a concrete roof, all cracks, chips and leaks are eliminated.

The surface to be insulated must be clean, dry and undamaged.

For surface treatment use brushes, spatula, roller. Dust is best removed with a vacuum cleaner, and dried concrete surfaces can building hair dryer. So it will be possible to remove all the dirt and prevent decay of the structure.

Choice of roof insulation method

Existing materials for arranging the roof are mounted different methods and therefore it must first be selected. The methods differ not only in technology, but also in the area on which the work will be carried out.

To eliminate heat loss through the roof, the following arrangement options are suitable:

fixing the material between the rafters. This method involves the placement of insulation between the rafters. Plates or rolls are optimally suited for this purpose, but it is worth considering that the rafters should be about 4–5 cm larger than the thickness of the heat insulator layer. This can be achieved by building up supports, that is, attaching additional boards. A vapor barrier film is mounted on top of the rafters, and then the decoration of the room begins;
Warming between the rafters is convenient and does not require special skills
the laying of material along the rafters is carried out in the case when the desired thickness of the insulation is greater than the width of the rafters. This method is also applicable if roofing has already been laid. To carry out work to the rafters from the inside of the attic, a crate of metal profile or wooden planks and then fix the heat insulator;
Sprayed polyurethane foam refers to insulation along the rafters
for a cold pitched roof, attic floor insulation is optimal. In this case, logs are installed, in the space between which heat insulator plates are laid, granular components are poured, for example, expanded clay or cellulose material. On top of this design, the floor of the attic is laid.
Floor insulation is suitable when there is no need for thermal insulation of roof slopes

All methods differ in the cost of work professional craftsmen. The most affordable attic floor insulation, since in this case you only need to equip a horizontal surface, and not work with slopes, corners and other difficult areas.

Stages of installation of thermal insulation

In demand is the arrangement of the roof from the inside. For this purpose, mineral wool in slabs or rolls is convenient, but foam plastic, foam plastic can be used, since the technology for their installation is similar to laying mineral wool.

First you need to calculate the amount of material. For this, the area of \u200b\u200bthe roof slopes is calculated from the inside, then the area that can be covered by one roll of mineral wool or a package of plates is determined. The average thickness of the heat-insulating layer should be at least 15-20 cm, which is optimal for a roof made of corrugated board, metal tiles, soft roofs.

The minimum thickness of the thermal insulation layer is 15 cm

The arrangement of the roof is carried out with the help of tools such as a tape measure, nails and a hammer, a strong thread, sharp knife, wooden bars(if you need to build rafters). Mineral wool slabs or a roll should be pre-cut into pieces of such a width that is equal to the distance between the rafters.

The main steps in the arrangement of the roof:

Prepared pieces of material are tightly laid in the space between the rafters. Do not use glue or other fasteners. If the material has a reflective coating, then it should be located indoors. The material should not be pressed too hard, as its low thermal conductivity is ensured by the fibrous and airy structure.
For easier fastening, profile elements can be installed and laying between them
At the end of the laying of the plates in one row, nails / self-tapping screws are fixed to the extreme rafters or profiles, and a strong thread of synthetic fibers. Thus, the plates will be securely fixed between the rafters.
To fix the mineral wool, you can use wire
When laying each next row, make sure that the joints of the plates of the previous rows are not located side by side. There should be no gaps between the wool slabs and the rafters. After arranging all areas, a vapor barrier film is attached to the rafters, but not pulling it too hard, and then the room is finished.
To finish the attic, you can use the lining, but it must be treated with an antiseptic

Vapor barrier is an essential component of a roofing pie, because such a film protects the insulation from humid air from the premises. Without this, thermal insulation will not be durable and effective even when using the best material.

Video: features of the installation of the material "Izover"

To equip the roof and prevent heat loss, you can use different materials, but you should always take into account their characteristics. The technology of warming also requires attention, because the right manipulations will provide a good result.

Insulation of the roof from the inside is carried out not only in order to arrange attic additional room, but also for maximum heat retention throughout the house.

If the building has a mansard roof, then the insulation is carried out directly on the roof itself, which is not only a roof for the future room, but also walls. If the structure or has one slope, then most often the thermal insulation is arranged in the attic floor.

The third option of thermal insulation measures is used in regions with a harsh climate, where both the roof itself and the ceiling are insulated from the inside.

The modern building materials market offers a lot of types of heaters, of which you can choose suitable for any thermal insulation work.

Bulk materials are sawdust, expanded clay of various fractions, slag, dry leaves or needles. These heaters are used for backfilling in attic floor, and they perfectly protect the lower rooms of the house from the penetration of cold, but they will not be able to make the attic itself warm.

Mineral wool various types, expanded polystyrene, penoflex and polyurethane foam are suitable for warming both attic floors and.

All these materials are light enough, so they will not make the structure of the roof and the whole house heavier, but will make it much warmer. The technologies for installing heat-insulating materials differ from each other, so it is worth considering some of them.

It should be noted that with the advent auxiliary materials, which facilitate the work process and are aimed at protecting the thermal insulation itself from external influences and their preservation operational qualities, it became easier to carry out the installation process.

Video: mineral wool is an excellent material for roof insulation

Vapor barrier coatings

One such material is vapor barrier film. It is designed to protect wooden structures and insulation from exposure to vapors that occur during temperature changes and lead to the formation of condensate. Excess moisture provokes the appearance of mold fungus, which destroys the structure of the tree, reduces the thermal insulation characteristics of the insulation and contributes to the appearance bad smell in room.

The vapor barrier membrane is fixed to the roof structure or ceiling before laying insulation materials.

When using a vapor barrier film in a heated room, it is placed only under the finishing layer of the walls.

To protect structures that are affected on the one hand by high temperatures, and on the other hand, low, the vapor barrier must be located on both sides. Such structures include wooden attic floors and roofing with its insulation. Concrete plates do not require laying vapor barrier materials.

The protective film may have different thickness and be different types- ordinary non-woven material or foil membrane. In the case of using the latter on the structure of the attic floor, it is laid with foil down, as it reflects the heat rising from below to the ceiling, thereby preventing it from escaping. Between themselves, the sheets of material are fastened with foil tape, which helps to create a tight seal.

Attic floor insulation

Any warming measures are best carried out during the construction of a house, but, unfortunately, very often it is done only when they feel the winter cold.

Before filling or laying insulation, you need to carry out preparatory work. This is especially important if expanded clay of fine fraction, slag or sawdust is used.

Previously, when there were no modern auxiliary materials on sale, the plank attic floor was prepared as follows:

- The boards fixed to the floor beams were carefully smeared with a solution of clay or lime, having a consistency of medium density. These natural materials create good tightness of the ceiling, but at the same time - allow the whole structure to "breathe".

– After complete drying of clay or lime, insulation work. Previously, slag, sawdust, dry leaves, or a mixture of these materials were mainly used for this. They fell asleep between the beams on prepared boards.

It should be noted that the old traditional method- reliable enough, and therefore some builders even prefer it modern to this day.

AT modern construction mainly for flooring under insulation, a special vapor barrier film is used. Her canvases are laid completely over the entire attic area with an overlap of 15-20 cm, deepening between the floor beams and fixing them on boards and beams. It is recommended to glue the canvases together with construction tape.

The film will become an additional barrier to the exit of heat from the premises of the house through the ceiling, since the heated air, ascending, not finding a way out, will descend and remain inside the house.

Further, insulating material is poured onto the film, mineral wool is laid, expanded clay is poured, or the openings between the beams are filled with ecowool. You can also use the insulation used earlier - slag or sawdust.

To avoid thermal bridges through wooden beams, they also need to fix a layer of thin insulation.

Above insulation material another layer of vapor barrier is laid, in the same way as before - overlap. This layer of film is fixed to the floor beams with slats, which are more often called counter-battens.
A coating of boards or thick plywood is laid on top.

Sometimes a vapor barrier can be fixed from inside the room to wooden ceiling, but in this case it will need to be trimmed, for example, gypsum boards. They will level the ceiling and become another additional insulating layer.

Insulation of roof slopes

When insulating roof slopes, as well as when insulating floors, apply mineral wool and styrofoam, but mineral wool in this case, it is preferable, since it has almost zero flammability.

If, nevertheless, it is decided to use foam, then it is recommended to purchase an extruded version. Although it has a slightly higher thermal conductivity, it is not combustible, and this is very important for wooden structures.

Different systems are used to insulate roof slopes, but they always have a layer vapor barrier material, insulation, waterproofing and counter-lattice.

1. This diagram shows one of the options for an insulating "pie". It is used in the construction of roofs and flooring. roofing.

It is laid on the rafter system. Typically, polyethylene is used for this layer, having high density(more than 200 microns thick) - it will protect the roof not only from moisture, but from the penetration of wind under it. The film is laid with an overlap of 20 ÷ 25 cm and fixed to the rafters with staples and a stapler.
On top of the film, a counter-rail with a thickness of 5 ÷ 7 mm is fixed to each rafter. It is necessary so that the roofing material does not adhere directly to the waterproofing film, and there is a small distance between them for air circulation.
Further, if the roof slopes will be covered with soft roofing material, it is necessary to lay plywood on top of the counter-rails. In the case when slate or other rigid sheet material is used, a crate is arranged instead of plywood, the width between its slats is calculated from the length of the sheets of roofing material.
When the crate is ready, the roof is covered with the selected coating.

After that, you can proceed to the insulation measures that are carried out from the inside, that is, from the attic.

Mats of mineral wool or other insulation are laid between the rafters. They should fit as tightly as possible between the elements. wooden structure. Installation of mats is carried out, starting from the bottom, gradually rising to the ridge. The insulation should have the same thickness as the width of the rafters or slightly less. her, by about 10 ÷ 15 mm.
The laid insulation is tightened vapor barrier film, which is fixed to the rafters with slats. The film is also overlapped and glued with construction tape.

Final stage - decorative trim attic walls

Further, if the attic is to be equipped as a living room, then the entire surface is sheathed with plasterboard or clapboard. In addition, in this case, in addition to the walls and ceiling, the floors are also insulated, that is, the attic floor.

2. Another option may be a thicker insulating "pie", which also fits immediately when the roof is being installed.

In this case, a waterproofing windproof film is also laid on the rafter system.
On top of it, a crate for roofing material is arranged.
Further from the side of the attic, between the rafters, the first layer of insulation must have equal to the width of the rafters.
Then, transverse slats are stuffed onto the rafters at a distance from each other equal to the width of the insulation of the next layer. In this case, the insulation is used already thinner. Its thickness should be equal to the thickness of the stuffed transverse rails.
After that comes vapor barrier film, which is fixed to the rails with brackets.
The interior trim material is then attached to the rails.

If the roof is insulated in an already built house, where the roofing is fixed, then a vapor barrier is fixed to the rafters from the side of the attic with brackets, and only after that the insulation is laid. Further, the process proceeds in the same way as in the previous versions.

Insulation of the roof from the inside with polyurethane foam

Insulation with polyurethane foam goes differently than bulk materials or mineral wool mats and polystyrene.

This method of thermal insulation has recently become more and more popular and is suitable for both ordinary attics and an attic, which will later become an additional room.

If the attic is ventilated, and there will be no living space in it, then only the attic floor is insulated. For this, boards and beams are recommended to be moistened for better adhesion, and on wet surface polyurethane foam is sprayed between the beams thin layer. After it foams, increases in volume and solidifies, if necessary, another layer is applied. Such insulation will be quite enough to keep the house warm, as the foam penetrates into all the cracks and closes them hermetically.

If the attic allows for its height to arrange a room on it, or the attic is an attic superstructure to the house, in addition to covering with polyurethane foam, the roof slopes are also insulated.

Spraying starts from the bottom of the structure, gradually rising to the ridge. Foam is sprayed between the rafters, and its lower layers, rising and solidifying, will be the reference for the next upper applied levels.

A similar or attic creates a completely sealed non-ventilated space. Polyurethane foam will retain heat well indoors in winter time and will not allow the attic to overheat on hot summer days. However, ventilation should still be provided, since the room must receive air flow.

This type of thermal insulation has the following advantages over other heaters:

The polyurethane foam coating has no joints and seams over the entire insulated area.
A significant reduction in temperature fluctuations in the attic and rooms on the lower floors is achieved.
The building receives reliable protection from low and high temperatures affecting the house from the outside.
This method of insulation shows a high payback in a very short time, by reducing heating costs due to the low thermal conductivity of the sprayed material.
When spraying polyurethane foam directly onto the roof, it receives additional stiffness and strength, as roofing forms a reliable connection with the entire roof structure. At the same time, the polyurethane foam layer does not lead to a significant weighting of the roof.
Convenience application - foam closes all hard-to-reach places of roofs and ceilings, penetrating into all large and small holes and crevices, expanding and sealing walls and floors.
Polyurethane foam is highly resistant to moisture, to the appearance any forms of biological life, high and low temperatures, prevents the emergence and development of wood decay processes.
Foam gives not only excellent thermal insulation to the premises, but also well insulates from extraneous noise from the outside.
Polyurethane foam does not shrink, wrinkle or soften.
The heater has enough long term service, which is about 30 years.
The material does not emit substances toxic to the human body and unpleasant odors.

The "cons" of the sprayed insulation include the following factors:

The toxicity of the material during its application, so you need to work with the use of protective equipment.

Uncured polyurethane foam is quite toxic, so all work is carried out with mandatory skin, eye and respiratory protection.

Polyurethane foam is susceptible negative influence ultraviolet rays, therefore, after applying the insulation, it must be closed finishing material, for example, clapboard, plywood or drywall.
For installation work for insulation with polyurethane foam, it is necessary to have special expensive equipment. True, if you have the skills to work with this material, then the equipment can also be rented. But in the case when this work is unfamiliar, it is better not to take risks, but to invite specialists with equipment to spray the material.

Video: spraying polyurethane foam on roof slopes from the inside

Insulation of the attic and roof is necessary for buildings located in most Russian regions, so this process should not be postponed "for later", but thermal insulation work should be carried out even at the stage of building a house. Excluding the method of spraying polyurethane, all other insulation measures can be carried out independently, observing the technology of work. If you enlist the help of a friend, then the insulation of the roof may well be completed in a few days.

There are enough materials for roofing, as well as varieties of thermal insulation, to make a decent choice.

In order for housing arranged under the very roof to be comfortable for living, you need to take care of both thermal insulation and hydro and vapor barrier.

But the structure of the roof itself changes little. Be it Vacation home, a cottage in the city or a house on suburban area, they are still combined general rules roof insulation design. If you follow these rules and do everything as you need, then you will certainly succeed. Arrangement is an important matter, and, like the construction of a house, it must be taken seriously. The first thing to do is to control the shape of the slopes.

The shape of the slopes: features

Shed roofs have one sloping surface and rely on only two parallel walls building.

The shape of a regular rectangle should be at the slopes of a gable roof, and the slopes of hip roofs should have the shape of isosceles triangles. This requirement is due to the fact that most roofing elements have a rectangular shape. If such elements are used when laying on a slope, do not rectangular shape, then you will definitely get an unclosed wedge, which will interfere with the further installation of thermal insulation.

In order to close it, you will have to cut and fit the roofing material for the roof. This is the wrong approach, because in addition to the additional time, which the roof installation takes a lot of, extra time will be spent cash and spoiled appearance your building. In addition, the likelihood that the roof may begin to leak will increase several times, and this is a completely undesirable result.

Cutting roofing material for isosceles slopes hip roof done according to one or two patterns. It is also possible and even necessary to use halves of roofing materials on opposite sides of the slopes, this method saves material quite well.

You will have to cut materials individually for each slope only if, according to the plan or as a result of negligence, the roof slopes will have different angles of inclination from each other. Of course, in this case, it will not be possible to save materials, and the operating time will almost double.

How to get the right slope shape for a warm roof

The technology of a warm roof device resembles a layer cake.

To obtain correct form(and it is needed for high-quality insulation and appearance), you must first measure the width, length, height and diagonal of the building. As you measure, you can find out a lot of unpleasant things, because of which it will not be possible to start the roofing immediately.

For example, opposite walls can have significant drops, and the building itself can take the form of a trapezoid or a diamond in an unexpected way. All these troubles can arise for various reasons: due to ordinary negligence or due to the lack of workmanship of carpenters or masons.

If errors on opposite masonry walls, even by 1 cm, will give 1 mm in the masonry seam, due to the lack of coordination of workers, this will already give noticeable differences, up to 1 cm per 1 m of wall height. This is in the case of the usual lack of coordination of professional workers, and if amateurs work, the difference can be much greater.

Wall defects should be eliminated as far as possible in order to facilitate roof insulation work. To achieve a strict horizontal roof ridge and laying the roof slope in the same plane with the horizon, you need to perform a truss system.

A bed for wall rafters and linings for hanging rafters plus a Mauerlat are installed according to the water level. The bed must necessarily lie horizontally, no matter if it is above or below the Mauerlat. Mauerlat and lining should also be at the same level around the entire perimeter of the building.
The distance between the bed and the Mauerlat must be the same. If necessary, it is adjusted, correcting the design.
Racks are fixed only after the installation of the bed. They should be initially planned exactly the same, their verticality should not be in doubt.
After installing the racks, a run is laid on them, which, when correct execution previous steps should lie horizontally.
Once you have installed the wind struts, you can install the rafter legs. From the choice of thickness rafter legs directly depends on the thickness of the insulation layer.

The next step for proper roof insulation will be the installation of a ventilation system for the under-roof space. This is very important point, the correct ventilation device will affect the durability of a warm roof. As in all other processes, in order to achieve the desired result, it is worth adhering to certain rules.

After the rafter system is assembled, a vapor-permeable, moisture-wind-proof membrane is laid on top of it, it is better to stop your choice on a two- or three-layer membrane.

Membrane properties:

does not let condensate and moisture into the insulation;
freely releases evaporation from the insulation (insulation as a whole).

Moisture and wind insulation spreads along the entire slope horizontally and is attached to the rafters using a construction stapler. It is necessary to leave small overlaps over the gable and cornice overhangs.

In order to fix the vapor-permeable membrane, a counter-lattice is laid on top of the rafters, which is fastened with self-tapping screws. The integrity of the counter-lattice is not important, a counter-lattice consisting of several parts is quite acceptable, this is unimportant when a device of such warm design(roofs). After attaching it to the rafters, a crate is laid on top with a step.

Hemming of gables and cornices

The next step will be filing the cornices and gables of the warm roof, it is more convenient to do this from above, and not from below. And only after the completion of this work, you can start laying the roofing, completing the thermal insulation device. The insulation is inserted between the rafters, and a layer of vapor barrier film is fixed from the inside. It is necessary to correctly calculate the thickness of the insulation, its thermal conductivity and density.

Saving on insulation is not worth it, but you need to calculate everything in advance to avoid unnecessary expenses. For central Russia, the thickness of the insulation should be at least 200 mm. Only under this condition will the roof be really warm. There is a certain procedure for performing such work on thermal insulation of the roof:

A layer of insulation is fixed.
The membrane is laid.
The counter-lattice and crate are laid.
Warm roof roofing (device).

But this order of thermal insulation is deliberately violated without loss of thermal insulation properties due to unpredictable weather conditions Russia. This must certainly be taken into account if there is a device of such a system.

Insulations are made taking into account individual climatic conditions each region. But in any case, for areas where precipitation is not uncommon, a layer of insulation can be placed from below so that it lasts as long as possible.

With a properly insulated roof, you will not be afraid of any atmospheric troubles, but for proper thermal insulation a responsible approach is needed. You need to prepare the necessary tools in advance:

axe;
a hammer;
saw;
ticks;
drill with a set of drills;
hacksaw with fine teeth;
trowel;
putty knife;
Bulgarian.

We must not forget that the roof is covered from the bottom up. Wavy sheets can be laid against the prevailing winds from left to right or vice versa.

Some roofing materials are pre-drilled for wire twists or nails and may be self-adhesive. Such roofs are assembled according to the constructor method. If there are no mounting holes, then the kit should contain nails that are made exactly in the color of the coating and will not spoil the appearance of the building at all, and the device itself of the warm roof structure as a whole.

When building a house, it is important to create warmth and comfort, which helps a lot with a warm roof.

Creating a thermal insulation layer is very milestone, which, in addition to the main function, also performs soundproofing.

How to choose a heater

The technology itself, according to which the roof insulation will be carried out, depends on various climatic factors of a particular region.

So, the thickness of the material for insulation is calculated based on the lowest temperatures in this area. To obtain maximum effect, during the installation of roof insulation with your own hands, it is recommended to combine materials.

When making a choice of those, it is necessary to take into account such nuances as:

the climate of the region;
the thickness of the walls of the structure;
the level of strength of the roof, as well as its shape and angle of inclination.

For warming mansard roof, it should be covered with good thermal insulation materials. But in order to create thermal protection for the attic floor, it is already possible to use cheaper bulk options in the form of sawdust or expanded clay. At the same time, it is important to remember that proper thermal insulation of the roof will help to maintain a reliable state of the structure of the entire building for a longer time.

Roofing cake features

The most popular option for roof insulation and at the same time very easy to self erection, is considered the "Canadian sandwich".

This technology involves the creation of a multilayer coating. The arrangement of such a roof does not require the involvement of specialists, the main thing is to follow the correct sequence of laying all layers.

It is important to prevent moisture from entering the insulation. To do this, it is necessary to create conditions under which condensate will not appear. To accomplish this, just such elements as wind and moisture protection, vapor barrier, hydrobarrier, as well as the creation of small gaps between these layers for ventilation are needed.

You also need to create air circulation in the gaps from the bottom to the top. Due to this, all the resulting moisture will not fall on the heat-insulating layer, as it will evaporate and be removed due to ventilation in the gaps.

This is important to do, since mineral wool or any other similar insulation must always be kept dry so as not to lose its properties.

Roof preparation

First of all, for the work it is necessary to draw up a clear work plan, as well as select the materials that will be used.

Any roof, regardless of its type, has several parts, external and internal. So, its outer part is directly the roof, and the inner part consists of floor slabs, as well as a frame of rafters.

In order for the roof to serve for a long time and provide high-quality insulation, it is necessary to first carry out certain preparatory work.

First of all, you need to get rid of moisture, as well as any other negative elements on its design, such as rust, mold and even fungus. To do this, the surfaces are cleaned with a metal brush, after which it must be coated with anti-corrosion agents.

Note: those sections of the roof and walls that were affected by mold or fungus must also be treated with antiseptics.

Overview of heaters

Regardless of the type of roof in the house, if it has not been insulated, the house will lose on average up to a quarter of the heat generated. Therefore, you need to wisely approach the choice of thermal insulation material.

To simplify installation, it is better to choose plates that correspond to the existing distance between the rafters. Otherwise, areas will be formed through which cold will pass, which will significantly reduce the quality of insulation.

In the case of using rolled heaters, their width must also be selected based on the distance between the rafters.

In total, the heater can be selected from a large number options, each of which has its positive and negative sides:

. This material is relatively cheap and very easy to install. It has excellent thermal insulation properties. However, glass wool should only be used together with some kind of waterproofing, since if moisture gets on it, it loses most of its insulating properties.
. It has almost identical properties as glass wool, but its service life is much longer and is almost 50 years.
. This material is highly resistant to fire. However, similarly with glass wool, it loses its properties if it gets wet.
. It is one of the most affordable heaters, but it is very effective. Available in slab form different size, which makes it possible to use it for arranging almost any type of roof. The main disadvantages of this material are its fragility, as well as susceptibility to rodent habitation.
. Its main advantages are environmental friendliness, as well as fire resistance. Besides, given material has resistance to various biological influences. However, its use is possible only on horizontal surfaces, due to its shape. At the same time, expanded clay has a greater weight than mineral wool.
Polyurethane foam. It is a liquid insulation with very low thermal conductivity. It is applied by spraying on pre-prepared waterproofing. Indispensable for quick and easy thermal insulation. (Read about roof insulation with polyurethane foam).

Operating procedure

The insulation technology of the “Pie” type will be the same regardless of the type of building. In this case, all work should be done after the roof has been made and roofing materials have been laid on it.

All work is carried out from within:

First, waterproofing is laid in one layer. It must be fixed to the crate to the bars, using brackets for this. The material may sag a little, but not more than 10 cm.
Next, the heater is installed. In this case, there should be no gaps between it and the rafters.
If necessary (if the weather in the region is very severe), you can lay another layer of insulation. At the same time, its seams should not be next to the seams of the first.
Now the insulation needs to be covered with a vapor barrier film, for this it can be fixed to the crate using a stapler. In this case, the sheets must be overlapped and connected with construction tape.
There should be a certain distance between each layer of such a cake so that moisture does not linger in the roof.
From the inside, such insulation must be covered with plywood sheets, and if it is used as a living space, it can be upholstered with a decorative coating.

How to avoid mistakes

Any well-insulated roof should also have the right appearance. To achieve this, you need to accurately measure in advance all the indicators of the structure from the width and length to its height, as well as the diagonal.

Usually, in this case, unpleasant moments are revealed that prevent the creation of the correct roof. This may be a big difference between the sides of the house or in the distance between the lags, due to which the building has received an irregular shape.

Therefore, to ensure proper thermal insulation of the roof, it is necessary to eliminate it in time various defects buildings. It is necessary to carry out the installation of the rafter system only after the evenness of the slope, as well as the roof ridge, has been achieved.

If this is not done, then in the future roofing cake» so-called cold bridges will appear, through which heat will leave the house. They are areas where the integrity of the insulation is broken.

It's important to know: when a lot of icicles begin to form on the roof in winter, this will mean that there are gaps in the insulation of the building, due to which the roof is heated warm air and the snow melts on it. To eliminate this, you need to additionally insulate the roof with felt.

Dry, and most importantly, a warm roof is the key to a comfortable and cozy atmosphere in the house. At the same time, the insulation does not only keep the house warm in winter, but also allows you to keep cool inside it in the heat.

Watch the video in which the specialist explains in detail the nuances of warming the roof of the house:

Roof insulation and insulation can be called one of the stages in the construction of any residential building.

Both processes help protect the building from low temperatures, prevent the penetration of moisture, that is, provide a comfortable stay in the house. In addition, roof insulation reduces heating costs.

Surface insulation is divided into several groups, each of which has its own characteristics. Therefore, it is necessary to study each species, to find out its purpose.

Types of insulation

For proper roof insulation, you must familiarize yourself with the characteristics of each type:

thermal insulation is the main protection of the premises. This layer ensures the conservation of thermal resources.
vapor barrier designed to enhance quality characteristics thermal insulation layer and protect it from steam exposure.
Waterproofing surfaces is carried out to create protection against the effects of a high humidity environment.
To protect the structure from water vapor and capillary moisture, it is necessary to carry out moisture insulation surfaces.
Reflective thermal insulation helps to keep the heat in the room without additional insulation.
Wind insulation must be carried out in cases where the thermal insulation layer needs to be protected from weathering.

Roof insulation materials

When choosing a material for roof insulation, it is worth studying the characteristics that it must meet:

Environmental friendliness. Thermal insulation material can be exposed to various harmful factors. In any case, the insulation should not have an unpleasant odor, should not form any fumes. It is necessary that the material meets all environmental and hygienic requirements.

Thermal conductivity. The lower this indicator, the smaller the layer of material required for laying. Otherwise, the insulation may not fit between the rafters. This characteristic does not matter when insulating attic roofs.

Volume weight plays big role when insulating the roof, since a high rate significantly makes the roof heavier. To solve this problem, it is enough to take into account the volumetric weight indicator when calculating the supporting structure.

Shape saving considered the main characteristic of high-quality insulation. Materials capable of retaining their shape can be used for laying on rafters. Softer materials are suitable for laying in the space between the rafters, since after installation the straightened material adheres more closely to the rafters.

Fire resistance- This is the most important indicator that ensures safe living in the house. It is advisable to choose a non-combustible material or self-extinguishing.

Soundproofing is another important indicator. It is worth noting that cotton materials perfectly absorb various noises and sounds. But the foam ones have small errors in this regard.

There are many materials that can be used to insulate a roof. It is worth paying attention to the most popular options:

1. The most common insulating material can be called. It is available in two types: plate and roll. Both types are very convenient for installation, so when choosing one of them, factors such as wall thickness, the climate of the region and the necessary thermal insulation characteristics should be taken into account. Minvata is characterized by high resistance to various types deformations. However, wetting the material leads to the loss of all properties. This shortcoming can be corrected by additional waterproofing.

IMPORTANT! The installation of mineral wool is accompanied by the release of a large amount of dust, so you need to work with the material in protective materials and glasses.

2.More recently, it has been used to protect against noise and cold. This material is based on recycled paper with the addition of antiseptics and boric acid.

Therefore, the use of ecowool can be called the most optimal. At a fairly low cost, the material has high performance characteristics.

3.Using sawdust as an insulating layer is the cheapest and best option. True, before use, the material needs additional processing. Special formulations prevent the appearance of rodents and insects in the sawdust. Fire retardant treatment increases the resistance of the material to fire.

4.- This is another material for roof insulation. This type is characterized by elasticity, elasticity and softness. The use of fiberglass as an insulating layer can significantly reduce the overall weight of the structure, as well as the load on it. Glass wool can be used to insulate surfaces of various shapes.

The roof is designed to protect the building from atmospheric precipitation. But it is also necessary to create a comfortable microclimate in the living room. Executing this function in in full Roof insulation needs to be done.

Roof insulation methods

Depending on the construction technology, the roof can be of two types: pitched and flat. Based on this, thermal insulation work is also carried out.

flat roof insulation

A flat roof can be insulated both from the outside and from the inside. To begin with, external insulation is carried out, and with its low efficiency in winter, internal insulation is carried out. For good thermal insulation flat roof it is necessary to follow a certain technology:

The main ceiling is covered with a vapor barrier film. Joints must be sealed with tape.
Mineral wool can be used as a heater. But it would be better to apply, it is cheaper and has a denser structure. Plates are stacked tightly to each other.
Roofing material is used for waterproofing. Laying of strips is carried out with an overlap of at least 10 cm.
Mastic is applied over the waterproofing layer.
Additional sound insulation will provide a layer of expanded clay.

Internal insulation of a flat roof is carried out only if the height of the ceiling in the room allows. Work is carried out in the following sequence:

A crate is mounted on the ceiling.
A vapor barrier is placed.
Insulation boards are installed. To do this, you can use mineral wool or polystyrene foam.
For finishing, you can use decorative panels, which are attached to the crate.

Thermal insulation of a pitched roof

The pitched roof is insulated according to a similar principle, taking into account only a few features:

Both the rafters and the distance between them are covered with a vapor barrier film. The fastening of the material is carried out using a stapler.
Mineral wool boards are used for thermal insulation. They fit quite tightly between the beams. To fix the insulation, take a nylon mesh or wooden slats.
Further, additional vapor barrier is carried out. The joints of the film sheets must be sealed with adhesive tape.
In conclusion, lining, or chipboard, is finished.

Mansard roof insulation

Thermal insulation of a mansard type roof is carried out in two ways: from the outside and from the inside. External work is carried out in the following sequence:

The rafters are hemmed with plywood sheets or edged boards.
Vapor barrier material is laid.
Next, the insulation is very tightly laid.
A hydrobarrier is mounted on top of the thermal insulation. The joints of the material are glued with special adhesive tape.
A wooden lath with a thickness of 20 mm to 50 mm is nailed onto the waterproofing. This is necessary to ensure ventilation.
At the end, the crate is nailed and the roofing is installed.

IMPORTANT! Thermal insulation of the mansard roof from the outside is recommended to be carried out in sunny weather in order to prevent precipitation from falling on the thermal insulation layer.

Internal insulation of the mansard roof is carried out as follows:

Fits waterproofing film. It is more convenient to start work from the lower edge of the roof, making a small margin of coverage along the walls. The joints of the material are fastened with adhesive tape.
For a good fit of the waterproofing layer and to ensure the necessary ventilation, a counter-rail is stuffed onto the rafters.
Next is the laying of thermal insulation material. It is important that the insulation boards fit snugly against each other.
Then superimposed vapor barrier membrane. Cloths of this material are overlapped and fastened with a stapler.

When insulating the roof, it is important to follow the basic rules:

To prevent decay roof structure, it is necessary to treat wooden elements with special antiseptics, and metal elements with anti-corrosion solutions.
When buying a thermal insulation material, it is necessary to choose a whole and dry material.
Formation ventilation holes will ensure normal ventilation of the roof and provide good vapor barrier.
When choosing a heater, you need to carefully study the operational and specifications material.

Quality and proper insulation and roof insulation will save maximum warmth indoors in winter, it will protect against heat penetration in the hot season. In some cases, it is possible to save on electricity costs, which are used both for heating the room and for cooling it.

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