Metal frame structures. Do-it-yourself construction of a frame house from a metal profile. Advantages and construction technology
The construction of buildings on a metal frame has been practiced for a long time, but they built mainly industrial and Technical buildings, building shopping centers etc. Application in private housing construction was limited by the high thermal conductivity of the metal: heating bills would be unrealistic. Manufacturers solved the problem by making the so-called thermal profiles, which, together with modern heaters, allow you to get warm house. If you need an inexpensive secure home, which is being built in a short time, maybe a metal frame house will suit you. It has a low cost - two times lower than brick, assembly is fast, the service life of the factory frame is 70 years.
The technology is very flexible: adapt to metal carcass any house you like. First, a frame plan is drawn up, the type of finishing materials is determined (only your wishes affect). Further, the developed project is processed by a special program that breaks everything into components, gives a list of elements with all the parameters. Profiles of the required size are manufactured and marked, bundled, packaged, delivered to the construction site. In short, this is the entire technical process - from project development to assembly frame house from metal profiles.
Advantages and disadvantages
This technology is becoming more and more popular in European countries(including northern), in Canada and America. And all because steel does not rot, insects do not eat it. The metal frame structure weighs several times less at home from wood (twice), and even more so, it is lighter than brick houses and other similar materials. The light weight of the building means lower foundation costs, since its parameters depend on the load, which further reduces the cost. square meter buildings. Usually pile houses are placed under such houses, or. On average, one square of the area costs 4-5 thousand rubles (excluding the cost of finishing materials).
The technology by which a metal frame house is built is called light thin-walled steel structures, or LSTK for short. Lightweight does not mean fragile. Houses built using LSTK technology can withstand earthquakes of magnitude nine. But this applies to buildings no higher than 3 floors.
Another advantage of a steel frame over a wooden frame is that it is strong enough to withstand heavy loads. roofing materials. If you decide to use ceramic tiles- please. Only its weight must be taken into account when calculating the parameters of the foundation.
The design of the wall pie itself is almost the same as that of. The whole difference is in the material used for the frame and the method of assembly.
What about cold bridges? Manufacturers claim that the problem is solved. Modern thermal profiles, from which private houses are built, have sections arranged in a checkerboard pattern. They prevent through freezing of structural elements.
This is how the picture of the "work" of the thermal profile looks like
And although the thermal profiles really work, all the same, such a house is colder than. However, the problem can be solved by making high-quality insulation. With the correct execution of the “pie” of insulation with all membranes (windproof, vapor-permeable from the outside, vapor barrier inside), the metal-frame house will be warm and no more will be spent on heating than in the so-called “warm houses”.
For insulation, you can use any modern insulation - mineral wool, polystyrene foam, extruded polystyrene foam, foamed glass, ecowool. Foam glass has the best characteristics, extruded polystyrene foam is slightly worse. But they have a solid price, although the required thickness is several times less than that of mineral wool. As a result, the cost of insulation are comparable.
The most optimal combination of qualities and prices for mineral wool. It is more convenient to work with basalt. She also has good performance. Fiberglass is also good in terms of characteristics, but it is difficult to work with it. Slag wool is the cheapest, but it is very afraid of getting wet; when using it, it is necessary to install a ventilated facade.
For the above reasons, from the whole variety, I most often choose basalt wool. It is well installed in the frame, has good thermal insulation properties, relatively inexpensive, besides it is a good soundproof material which is important for this technology.
What is a metal frame house made of?
LSTK elements are made of durable structural steel by cold stamping. The sheet has a protective zinc covering from 18 to 40 microns thick. Some factories make structures from hot-dip galvanized sheets. Such elements are more expensive, but they are also more durable.
The thickness of the sheet from which they are formed is from 0.7 mm to 2 mm. The choice depends on the required bearing capacity one element or another. There are the following types of profiles.
The following types are most commonly used.
There are also special floor and ceiling beams. From similar elements is made and rafter system at home. The elements are connected to each other by bolts, self-tapping screws, riveting, contact welding can be used.
Now about the quality of the components from different firms. There are about a dozen factories in Russia. Everyone's quality is different. Therefore, carefully look at the quality of galvanizing, metal bending. There should not be any, even the smallest, traces of rust anywhere. In general, even the best “our” profiles are significantly inferior to imported ones. It's a shame, but it's true.
Assembly order
From the factory, all material comes packed in packs. Each part is marked, the same marking is present on the working drawings. The frame of the LSTK house is being assembled as a constructor: everything is ready, even holes for hardware are stamped. Put the parts in place, align the grooves and install the fasteners. From the metal-frame house is assembled in exactly the same way as from wooden bars. If we outline the stages briefly, step by step everything looks like this:
The frame of the steel house is ready. The remaining insulation Finishing work. It is a remark: no matter how much you want to save money, the crate should also be assembled from metal. The same expansion coefficients are exactly what contributes to the high strength of such structures. When joining metal and wood, this cannot be achieved: the fasteners gradually weaken. This is especially critical in regions with high seismic activity. But even in calmer regions, there is little joy from rattling finishes.
Can you build it yourself?
If we are talking about how to assemble the parts that came from the factory into one design, then easily, but with assistants. All work consists in finding the right part and installing it in the place indicated in the drawings. Difficult at first, then get used to it.
If by “do-it-yourself construction of a metal-frame house” they mean its welding from profile pipe, then this is ambiguous. If you are going to build a small country house, then there are no questions: the frame can be placed according to the same principle as a wooden one and for a one-story building for corner posts a pipe of 80 * 80 mm is enough, and for intermediate ones you can take less. But the installation step is still dictated by the insulation: the distance in the clearance should be 58-59 cm (slightly less standard width mineral wool).
The only thing to remember: when using a profile pipe, cold bridges will be required. Then the insulation itself will need to be done in several layers, blocking heat leaks, which will solve the problem. One layer is traditionally placed in a spacer between the uprights. The cross section of the profile pipe is far from 200-250 mm, which are necessary for warming a house in the Moscow region (for mineral wool). Therefore, a transverse crate is arranged under the missing layers (on one or two sides - decide for yourself). It turns out that between the racks the insulation is laid vertically, and along the crate - horizontally. Cold bridges have become much less.
From the side of the room, the heater is closed vapor barrier membrane(it should not let moisture into the insulation). From the side of the street, a windproof vapor-permeable membrane with waterproofing properties is fixed to it. It performs three functions at once:
- protects from the wind
- prevents condensate or accidentally falling precipitation from getting into the insulation,
- removes steam from the heater, which still penetrates there from the room (despite the vapor barrier).
Only with such a cake and the presence of a ventilation gap between the outer membrane and the finishing materials can you be sure that the insulation will not get wet. Only in order for the ventilation gap to work, more are needed ventilation holes at the bottom of the wall and a non-hermetically sealed outlet under the roof from above: the air flow between exterior finish metal frame house and windproof membrane should pass without encountering obstacles.
For inspiration - a video of the welding process country house from profile metal pipe. For those who know how to make a metal frame house with their own hands from a pipe, it will not be difficult.
Do you dream of building a house with minimal labor, time and financial costs, so that all surfaces turn out to be perfectly even and there is no need to install additional thermal insulation? In this article we will tell you how to build a house from a metal frame with your own hands, about its advantages over other methods of building buildings.
It will take no more than a month to build a building of any shape and size from a metal frame and light or prefabricated sandwich panels.
- All details are made at one factory according to in advance developed project.
- When designing, an accurate calculation of the weight of the entire structure is immediately made, which makes it possible to accurately calculate the foundation and the amount necessary materials for his device.
- Compact lightweight building elements do not need to be rented a large number transport for transportation and significantly reduce construction time.
- There is no need to use heavy machinery when assembling the frame.
- Lack of debris and waste on the construction site.
- Metal frame construction can be carried out at any time, since no walls are used for walls. mortars requiring time to harden.
- Ability to install large spans without the use of special support structures.
- Installation of building elements is carried out only with the use of bolted connections.
Project development
You will have to make a choice between developing an individual project and already ready-made options standard projects of houses from a metal frame. To make the house strong and reliable, highly qualified specialists with experience in carrying out engineering calculations of metal frame structures should work on the project. The services of such specialists will cost you a decent amount. The cost of standard projects and small changes in them is much lower.
Foundation
Light metal structure building does not need a foundation increased strength. Shallow belt concrete foundation - best option for the construction of a house from a metal frame and sandwich panels. Plain simple design from reinforced concrete is able to withstand even a two-story structure. You can install a pile-strip foundation.
The choice of the type of foundation is primarily influenced by the result of geological research. Communications are laid during the laying of the foundation.
house frame
The metal profiles used to assemble the frame are specially processed at the factories by hot-dip galvanizing and coated with anti-corrosion enamels or mixtures. For the construction of cottages, thin-walled or standard metal profiles are used. All structural elements are excellent for interior and exterior cladding and installation of windows, doors and partitions.
To work with a metal structure, you do not need special knowledge and extensive experience. All parts and holes are made with extreme precision. Structural elements are delivered to the construction site with a special marking applied at the factory, which greatly facilitates their installation.
The assembly of the frame of the house is carried out according to the so-called screwdriver technology. This became possible thanks to the use of a new method of manufacturing parts in a factory. You will not need to measure anything or cut off unnecessary lengths. All elements are strictly calculated and made according to your project at home. Every detail has its place and purpose.
Walling
When the work on the construction of the metal frame is completed, it is the turn to install the enclosing elements, of which the walls will consist.
The house will turn out to be especially warm if prefabricated structures are used. Sheathe the outer side of the wall with a profiled sheet and lay a heater. When using mineral wool, it is necessary to install a waterproofing layer. Next, sheathe the house with inside boards and start finishing.
Sandwich panels consist of processed polymer coated profiled galvanized sheets, polyurethane foam or expanded polystyrene. The size of the panels is made according to the design of the house. Finished sandwich panels can be immediately painted at the factory. Working with such enclosing structures is quick and easy. Sandwich panels are characterized by high environmental resistance, good fire resistance, environmental friendliness and excellent thermal insulation properties.
For frame buildings frequently use new modern material- heat blocks.
The unique composition of the heat block includes insulation, and this is a direct guarantee of savings throughout operational life. House built from heat blocks cold winter will delight you with warmth and comfort, and in hot summers with light coolness and fresh air.
The unusual surface of the heat blocks does not need additional processing which saves money and time decorative trim. FROM outer side it is enough to paint hay in any color, using an airbrush for this. Metal frame houses using heat blocks can be built of any height.
It is necessary to perform horizontal reinforcement of the masonry every four rows.
For laying heat blocks, special glue is used or cement mortar. The seam should be no more than 5 mm.
Exterior finish
For internal and exterior finish buildings from a metal frame, you can use almost all presented on the construction market Decoration Materials. The choice is yours to make according to your personal preferences. by the most economical option there will be use of thermal blocks or sandwich panels for fencing metal structures. There is a desire to give your home some extravagance - make the wall decoration with a material that imitates natural stone.
Using modular blocks, you can make an addition to an already operated building at any time. A metal frame house does not shrink and is able to withstand even a 9-magnitude earthquake. This is one of the very best modern designs residential buildings that bring great savings funds even after construction is completed.
Video
We invite you to learn more about this construction technology from this video.
The demand for frame houses is explained by the low cost of work and building materials, ease of installation - the whole process can be done by hand, as well as many other factors. Technologies are constantly being improved, today frame houses made of metal profiles have become widely used, consider the features of housing construction.
For those who intend to build a building from metal profile, you need to understand the nuances of construction, consider the pros and cons of the technology, as well as the main stages of installing the frame with your own hands. Own house- this is not just a place where you can live, often it has a sacred meaning: comfort, home, gathering place. The natural desire to build a warm, strong and reliable home, figuratively speaking, your "fortress". How to do it? Is there a proven technology with the help of which it is really possible to build frame houses from the metal profile of your dreams and with your own hands?
house from a metal profile frame technology is a prefabricated structure various elements mounted on the construction site in accordance with the developed project.
In fact, metal profile houses are simplified and reduced versions of skyscrapers and other similar buildings.
If massive steel rolling is used in the construction of large buildings, then light steel thin-walled structures (LSTK) are used for houses made of metal profiles. The difference is only in size and bearing capacity, the material of manufacture remains the same - steel.
- the material has high strength;
- light weight reduces the cost of construction and reduces the load on the foundation, which makes it possible to make it more economical;
- b due to its low weight, the LSTC frame reduces the cost of transportation;
- during installation provides high accuracy;
- metal frame distinguishes high strength. It is resistant to decay and destructive processes such as fungus or mold;
- a simple technology for installing a frame house from a metal profile allows you to do everything yourself;
- makes it possible to build houses with open plan and large spans;
- ensures cleanliness on the construction site.
With all this, metal structures have their drawbacks:
- one of the main dangers is rust, the susceptibility of metal to corrosion;
- unlike wood, metal does not retain heat and easily passes cold;
- due to the high electrical conductivity, it is necessary to equalize the potential;
not suitable for installing heavy and bulky elements; - a certain risk in case of fires: the time of evacuation of people is reduced due to the rapid melting of metal structures at extreme temperatures.
However, the simplicity of such construction, its high speed- this is an obvious advantage of LSTC.
Metal profile house: technology and construction stages
The first stage of construction is the design stage, in which the entire plan and necessary documentation are developed.
Creation of project documentation
It should be noted that in any case - even if you plan to do it yourself - at the design stage, you need the help of a specialist. 
This is due to the fact that the entire frame structure is produced in one factory according to the ordered dimensions.
There are three options for action:
- the cheapest option is simply to choose the desired item from the catalog of finished projects and order everything the right details at the factory;
- You can also make some changes to the already finished project. It will be a little more expensive, but will allow you to individualize your future home, adjust to your needs;
- ordering an individual project from specialists is the most expensive option.
Speaking of last version, it should be clarified that it provides:
- facade development;
- floor and roof plans;
- detailed drawings for the frame;
- sometimes a 3-D model of the future building is compiled.
There is another option - to develop a metal frame project on your own without specialists. Of course, it will be cheaper, but also much more difficult.
The choice of foundation for a frame house from a metal profile
Construction, of course, begins with the installation of the foundation. In his choice, the features are of primary importance. land plot, geological activity, soil features.
For the construction of a frame house from a metal profile with your own hands, two options are optimal:
- shallow strip foundation;
- pile-grillage foundation.
The first type is used in case of good, solid ground. It fits perfectly under one- and two-story buildings made of lightweight materials.
The second type of base is suitable for soils with unstable characteristics, for example, for heaving soils, characterized by weak strength.
Assembling the structure of the house
From the factory, the elements of the metal frame structure come in a numbered form. This makes the process of building a building frame with your own hands much easier. Another convenience during assembly - all parts have desired size and shape, and there is no need to waste time and effort on trimming and fitting.
The supplied kit contains:
- various frame profiles with holes for connection and communications;
- fastener sets.
This is reminiscent of a children's game constructor: it is enough to use the instructions, install the profiles in accordance with the project and fix them with connecting elements.
Important: It is more desirable to choose a Z-shaped section to create a frame, it has perforations or special grooves.
In another way, this element is called a “thermal profile”, it is the most recommended option in the field of private residential housing construction, because, due to its design, it is able to retain heat.
Facade insulation and cladding works
frame sheathing - The final stage assemblies.
The technology of work is similar to that used in the construction of wooden frame houses.
There are 3 cladding options:
- Assembling structures with your own hands.
FROM outside the metal frame is sheathed with a glass-magnesium or profiled sheet, and an exterior finish is installed on it.
Thermal insulation is laid between the racks: this can be mineral wool or extruded polystyrene foam. You can also use foam - it is much cheaper. Walls must be vapor-proofed from the inside and waterproofed from the outside. On the inside, plasterboard lining is covered.
- Sandwich panels.
They are produced and painted in a given color at the factory - this greatly speeds up the assembly of the house. One of the main advantages of these panels is that they significantly reduce the cost of work, since they are both a heater and an element of exterior decoration.
Other advantages of panels:
- resistant to external environment, influences high temperature and fire;
- have high thermal insulation properties;
- environmentally friendly and safe for humans.
- Heat blocks.
This is a rather complex multilayer material, “bricks”, consisting of layers of porous expanded clay concrete, expanded polystyrene (polystyrene) grade 25 and lining of expanded clay concrete.
Heat blocks are high-tech - they create thermal insulation and an attractive facade. The requirement during construction is that the width of the masonry joints between the blocks can be no more than 5 mm, therefore, instead of the usual solution, they use special solutions, adhesives. Additional reinforcement is used to strengthen the entire structure. It is performed with meshes of wire reinforcement in horizontal seams with a diameter of 3 mm.
steel frame house
Time does not stand still and the path to beauty and originality in modern construction pushes back the building materials that were used for a long time opening the way for development of new and often unexpected housing options. We are accustomed to the fact that the main and familiar building materials for the construction of houses are wood and brick. In the 21st century, a metal profile has come to replace it, from which you can build a durable and cozy house for permanent residence. Frame houses from a metal profile are one of the most quick ways get comfortable accommodation. The order of construction remains the same. First of all, they are engaged in the construction of the foundation, then the walls are installed, and then the summing up of all necessary communications. Everything is very simple and standard.
Advantages of a frame house made of metal profiles
The technology of building houses from a metal profile has the following advantages:
- the light weight of the structure makes it possible to use available species foundations: support-column or pile, also when erecting all the elements, it is not required to involve heavy special equipment;
- high accuracy of installation - all frame elements are manufactured at the factory using high-precision and modern equipment, which facilitates the construction process;
- a guarantee of the integrity of the structure of the house, the absence of shrinkage and deformation, which allows for the finishing of the facade and interior immediately after the completion of construction work;
- It has full compatibility with other building materials;
- the operational characteristics of the metal profile make it possible to realize the most original architectural fantasies;
- frame houses made of metal profiles have a long service life;
- all surfaces are resistant to decay, fungus and mold;
- at proper insulation you can live in the house all year round With minimal cost for heating.
Cons of using a metal profile
- a short period of time for evacuation in case of fire (the structure loses its rigidity and may collapse);
- the metal profile is not suitable for the construction of massive structures.
Development of a house project from a metal profile
Before starting the construction of the frame, you need to develop a project. Even if work is planned that will be done by hand, you still need the help and advice of a specialist to properly develop the project.
Gololobovsky brick factory - , contact information, address, phone.
The cheapest way would be to choose standard project, and order from the factory the parts that will be needed. In this case, at the request of the customer, changes can be made to the layout, the type of exterior and interior decoration, and a different type of foundation can also be chosen.
Important: Individual project it costs much more, but here all the requirements and wishes of the client are taken into account, the customer directly with the architect works out all the details of the drawings of the future home.
Basically, the project provides floor plans, roofs, facades, drawings of frame elements and a 3D model of the house.
Types of construction of a frame house from a metal profile
- The metal frame will be assembled in the area where the construction is being carried out. The weight of the parts of the structure is small, even one worker can handle them. After installing the frame, the walls are lined on both sides: internal and external, and then doors and windows are installed.
- Using larger elements, construction will also be carried out at the construction site. The advantage is that in this case, much less time will be spent on work.
- It differs from the previous two in its speed. And it lies in the fact that the frame of the house is assembled at the factory and subsequently installed in the right place with a crane.
Thus, careful preparation for design and construction will allow you to build a reliable house from a metal profile that will serve the owner for more than one year.