The use of pvc pipes in construction

Pipes are the main conveyors of all kinds of communications to the premises. There are: copper, cast iron, brass, steel and polymer. Each type of pipe has its own characteristics and applications. Which we will consider below.

Copper pipes are the most common in communications, because. even chlorine, which purifies water by layering on inner surface pipes extends the service life of communications. They are durable, resistant to sudden temperature changes and the effects of high and low temperatures, inert to water, do not emit harmful substances, and the soldering and welding of pipes is quite strong. Easy to install, however, expensive.

Cast iron pipes

Cast iron pipes are heavy, which makes installation difficult, but they are very durable. There are: non-pressure, flange pressure, fan, non-pressure drain, soda pressure, socket pressure. They, like copper ones, withstand temperature extremes, are resistant to the influence of water and its components, and so on, but their resistance threshold is higher.

Brass pipes are made from an alloy of copper and zinc, so they have the properties of both metals, complementing each other. Some additions with other metals increase certain properties, for example, corrosion resistance when tin is added.

Brass is chrome-plated, which gives an aesthetic appearance; such pipes and details of communication structures are placed where it is impossible to hide them.

Steel pipes

Steel pipes are the main material that was used before, but such disadvantages as the impossibility of installation without the use of welding, susceptibility to corrosion, growth limescale, which significantly reduces the throughput and high weight make it necessary to refuse the choice of this type of pipe. There are galvanized and pipes with electroplated, mounted on a thread, which remove imperfections, however, do not reduce weight.

Steel pipes

Polymer pipes

Polymer pipes, depending on the composition and additions, are intended for different kind communications: polyethylene (water and gas pipelines underground), polyvinyl chloride (water supply, withstand up to 45 ° C), reinforced ( drinking water and heating), heavily chlorinated (water supply, withstand up to 90 ° C).

Polymer pipes

Today, the construction of pipelines has long been one of the simplest and most widely used methods of moving liquid, bulk or gaseous materials along a given route. Depending on the scale of such systems, it is customary to classify them into several main types.

• Trunk lines are necessary for transporting substances over long distances. In combination with the pipeline systems themselves, compressor and distribution stations operate.
• The construction of technological pipelines by companies is carried out on industrial enterprises, where the delivery of any necessary for production process materials directly into the plant, as well as the removal of waste substances.
• Utility networks used for heating, water supply, sewerage.

For our company, laying a pipeline is one of the core areas of work, in which quite a lot of experience has already been gained. This allows us to implement projects of any complexity.

Ways of laying pipelines

Depending on the characteristics of the terrain, the state of the relief, the purpose of the system itself, various ways laying of pipeline networks. In each individual case, when designing a line and laying a route, specialists choose best option to ensure proper specifications facility at the lowest cost.

The most common technologies are several.

1. Open method of laying pipelines (ground). It is planned to install pipes on supports that allow them to be stably located above ground level. When carrying out work, a beam, hanging, arched or above-ground method can be used. With them right choice depending on the external factors and proper installation, open laying of pipelines will be performed as reliably and economically as possible.
2. Closed laying of pipelines is used most often, as it allows you to hide the communications underground and use the territory allotted for the route for other purposes. Installation is carried out in this case below the ground level in the trench. Closed way laying of pipelines involves the installation of pipes on siphons or supports.
3. When using the pipe-in-pipe method, the pipeline will be laid in protective cover. Its role will be played by another pipe of a larger diameter (from 200 mm), which will take on all the mechanical, chemical influences.

Installation of pipelines from steel pipes

The use of steel pipes is a priority in many industries. This one-stop solution, which allows, at a relatively low cost, to implement almost any project with maximum benefit (even taking into account the fact that the prices for the installation of a steel pipeline are quite high).

There are a lot of advantages of using steel pipeline lines:

• they easily withstand hydraulic shocks up to 12-15 atm.;
• have high mechanical strength;
• have a low coefficient of expansion at temperature differences;
• have good thermal conductivity;
• work reliably throughout the entire service life;
• able to operate in difficult conditions;
• immune to environmental influences.

Prices for installation work are formed based on the features of the route being laid, its length, and working conditions. The final cost is also determined by the method of making connections (welding, flanges, threaded fittings) and pipe laying. That is why, if it is planned to lay steel pipelines, the price in most cases is determined individually.

Prices for laying pipelines

In the implementation of any project, the cost of pipeline installation becomes one of the determining factors. Prices can vary in a fairly wide range depending on the technical parameters of the system, the conditions of the work, their volume and level of complexity.

The price for laying water supply pipelines always depends on several parameters:

• materials used;
• connection technologies;
• the complexity of the water supply scheme;
• the amount of work performed;
• order urgency.

In addition, the cost of installing thermal insulation of pipelines, if necessary, can also be included in the total amount. Despite the increase in initial investment, later it allows you to make the system significantly more economical. When installing thermal insulation of pipelines, the price for the work will increase insignificantly, and the quality of its implementation will completely solve the problems of heat loss and increase energy efficiency.

The minimum cost for laying pipelines is indicated in the price list.

Diameter	galvanized pipe	Non-galvanized pipe
15 mm	120 rubles	100 rubles
20 mm	230 rubles	190 rubles
25 mm	240 rubles	220 rubles
32 mm	250 rubles	230 rubles
40 mm	270 rubles	270 rubles
57 mm	340 rubles	330 rubles
76 mm	360 rubles	350 rubles
89 mm	430 rubles	420 rubles
108 mm	480 rubles	460 rubles
133 mm	560 rubles	530 rubles
159 mm	710 rubles	680 rubles
219 mm	970 rubles	890 rubles

Our company offers the best prices for the installation of pipelines by diameters, in the price list posted on our website, you can familiarize yourself with it in more detail. Contact us, our experts will provide you with detailed advice on all your questions.

General provisions sheet 4

Construction of reinforced concrete pipes sheet 6

Executive work sheet 8

Safety instructions sheet 15

List of used literature sheet 16

Introduction

Culverts are man-made structures designed to pass small permanent or periodic active watercourses under road embankments. In some cases, pipes are used as tunnel-type overpasses, cattle passes, etc.

When designing a road, especially at low heights, often

you have to choose one of two possible structures - a small bridge or a pipe. If the technical and economic indicators of these structures are approximately the same or differ slightly, preference is given to the pipe, since:

the installation of the pipe in the embankment does not break the continuity subgrade and the upper structure of the track;

operating costs for the maintenance of the pipe are much less than those of a small bridge;

when the height of the backfill above the pipe is more than 2 m, the effect of the live load on the structure decreases, and then, as this height increases,

practically loses its value.

General provisions

Culverts are distinguished:

according to the material of the pipe body - concrete, reinforced concrete, metal, polymer;

cross-sectional shape - round, rectangular, ovoid;

by the number of points in the section - one-, two-, multi-point;

according to the work of the cross section - non-pressure (working with an incomplete cross section throughout), pressure (working with a full cross section throughout), semi-pressure (working at the inlet head with a full cross section, and for the rest of the length - incomplete).

Pipe holes for highways should take at least:

1.0 m - with a pipe length of not more than 30 m;

0.75 m with a pipe length of not more than 15 m;

0.50 m at the exits when installed within the fast flow pipe.

On on-farm roads, pipes with holes of 0.5 m in size can be used with their length not exceeding 10 m.

The thickness of the backfill above the links or slabs of pipes to the bottom of the road

clothing is accepted at least 0.50 m.

Small, medium road bridges and culverts allowed to be placed on road sections with any profile and plan adopted for this category of road.

Pipes, as a rule, are arranged in non-pressure mode and, as an exception, in pressure and semi-pressure modes for passing estimated flow water.

It is impossible to build pipes in the presence of ice, ice drift. On rivers and streams that have spawning grounds for fish, pipes are arranged with the permission of the inspection of fish supervision.

The elevation of the edge of the subgrade at the approaches to the pipes above the calculated water level should be taken at least 0.50 m, and for pipes operating in pressure or semi-pressure mode - at least 1.0 m.

Pipe heads are arranged from a portal wall and two sloping wings buried in the ground below the freezing depth by 0.25 m and

installed on crushed stone base 10 cm thick. Natural soil below the freezing depth is replaced by sand and gravel

Notes.

1. Pipes are divided into 3 groups according to their bearing capacity:

the first (1) - with an estimated height of backfilling with soil of 2.0 m;

the second (2) - 4.0 m;

third (3) - 6.0 m.

It is allowed to use pipes for specific conditions of pipeline construction at a different design height of backfilling with soil.

2. The pipe brand consists of alphanumeric groups separated by a hyphen. The first group contains the pipe type designation,

the second is the diameter of the conditional passage in cm and the useful length in dm, the group number according to the bearing capacity.

3. Pipes should be made in accordance with GOST 26633 from heavy concrete compressive strength class B 25.

4. The water resistance of the concrete pipes must comply with W 4.

5. Pipes TB, TBP, TS and TSP are supplied to the consumer complete with rubber sealing rings.

6. Cracks on the surface of pipes are not allowed, except for shrinkage cracks with a width of not more than 0.050 mm.

Pipe heads with a hole of 0.50 ... 0.75 m are constructed from a portal wall buried in the ground below the freezing depth by 0.25 m.

Sloping wings are allowed to be made of monolithic concrete

grade B 15 without reinforcement with formwork dimensions of precast concrete blocks.

Pipe length (Ltr) is determined by the formula

Ltr \u003d B + 2 (H-d-c) * m,

where B is the width of the subgrade, m;

H is the height of the embankment, m;

d – pipe opening, m;

с – wall thickness, m;

m is the slope factor.

Construction of reinforced concrete pipes

Preparatory work on the basis of the enterprise (recommendations).

1. Checking pipe elements for permissible deviations in accordance with GOST

(link length - 0 ... 10 mm, wall thickness -5 ... + 10 mm, other changes

rhenium - +10 mm).

2. Removal of sagging, splashing of concrete on the articulating parts of the links.

3. Selection of all pipe elements by grades according to the design solution.

4. Storage of pipe elements in one place.

Preparatory work at the construction site

1. Selection and preparation of the construction site. Shrub uprooting

and site leveling by bulldozer.

2. Reception and placement of equipment, material and structures.

3. Breakdown of the axis of the pipe and the contour of the pit.

Geodetic work performed during the construction process consists of: laying out the structure in the plan, including the main axes and contours of the pit; altitude breakdown; leveling the longitudinal profile of the pipe tray.

The breakdown in the plan is fixed in place clearly visible marks, by which you can accurately determine the location of the pipe and its elements; they are usually fixed with the help of two pillars installed along the longitudinal axis of the pipe, taking into account their safety for the entire time of construction, and stakes driven along the axis of the embankment and at characteristic points. IN

in some cases, at a distance of 1.5-2 m from the boundaries of the pit, cast-offs are made of horizontally installed boards, on which the characteristic points of the foundation are marked. Boards are nailed to posts buried in the ground. When laying out a structure in the plan, it is necessary to strictly maintain the position of the target located along the axis of the embankment, and to be creative in laying out the longitudinal axis of the pipe. If any unfavorable soil or other factors are identified at the location of the pipe, it must be shifted to one side or the other. All deviations from the project are agreed with the customer and the design organization.

Altitude breakdown consists in determining the surface marks at the location of the pipe and the depth of cutting the soil or, conversely, its backfilling under the pipe. Excavation digging pits and laying foundations is carried out under instrumental control.

With the help of a level, they check the compliance of the actual marks of the bottom of the pit and the top of the pillow with the design ones. Similarly, the height position of the foundation is controlled, and then the pipes. The longitudinal profile of the pipes is leveled before their backfilling and after filling the embankment to the design marks. The need, as well as the frequency and duration of further observations are established, guided by the standards.

Altitude staking and leveling is carried out with reference to a benchmark located near the pipe.

Pipe layout diagram: Fig. one

Executive work

1. Digging a pit with an excavator and cleaning it manually. Strengthening (if necessary) the bottom of the pit with stone materials by pressing with drowning means.

Excavations for the foundations of culverts are developed in most cases without fastening (fencing). Only in water-saturated soils with a significant influx of water and the inability to ensure the stability of the walls of the pit, the soil is developed under the protection of the fastening. Pit fastenings are also used during the construction of pipes in the immediate vicinity of the operated structures, thereby ensuring their stability.

The outline of the pits and the technology for their development depend on the design of the pipe and its foundation, on the type and condition of the foundation soils.

The steepness of the slopes of the pits is assigned taking into account the depth of the pit and the characteristics of the developed soil.

The distance between the vertical wall of the pit and the side surface of the foundation is used at least 0.7 m, if it is planned to apply waterproofing to the structure or perform other work related to the stay of people in the pit. When such work is not provided, this value can be reduced to 0.1 m. In case of formless concreting of foundations, the dimensions of the pit are assumed to be equal to the dimensions of the foundation. When developing pits with slopes, the distance between the bottom of the slope and the foundation should be at least 0.3 m. In all cases, the dimensions of the pit are linked to the capabilities of earthmoving equipment.

In all cases, when digging pits, measures are taken to prevent filling them with surface or groundwater. For

this, soil rollers are poured along the contour of the pit. When constructing a pipe on a permanent watercourse, they build dams or divert the channel to the side with the help of ditches.

The water that has penetrated into the pit is removed, either by arranging an outlet into the drainage ditch in its lower part, which is usually possible when building slope pipes, or by providing mechanized drainage. For drainage, a fenced pit is made in the lower part of the pit, from which water is pumped out with a pump. The pit is located outside the contour of the foundation, ensuring the removal of water during foundation work up to the backfilling of the sinuses. As the pit deepens, the pit fences are lowered. Non-rocky soils are developed by earthmoving machines without disturbing the natural composition of the soil at the base with a shortage of 0.1-0.2 m. The pit is finally cleaned immediately before the foundation is laid.

Currently, of the diverse earth-moving equipment in the construction of culverts on railways and roads, bulldozers and excavators are most widely used.

The development of pits by a bulldozer is most appropriate when laying the foundation of the pipe body and head at the same mark or with a small difference between them.

For unenclosed pits, excavators equipped with a backhoe or draglines are used. The advantage of these mechanisms is the possibility of excavating the soil at different depths of the excavation, which ensures the excavation under the middle part of the pipe and heads, the base of the foundation of which is laid at a greater depth. For the development of protected pits, it is advisable to use grabs.

In all cases, the developed soil is laid outside the pit at a distance that ensures the stability of its walls or fence. Soil dumps should not create difficulties for subsequent construction and installation work, as well as for water passage.

2. Foundation device.

There are small-clastic and large-block foundations.

When installing foundations from prefabricated elements, first of all, blocks of head foundations are laid up to the level of the sole of the foundation of the pipe body. Then, the sinuses of the foundations of the caps are filled to the same level. From three sides they are covered with local soil, at the junction of foundations different depth laying - sand-gravel or sand-gravel mixture, which is compacted in layers and poured with cement mortar. Then the laying of the foundations of the heads is carried out simultaneously with the sectional installation of the foundation of the pipe body. The order of installation is taken sequentially - from the output head to the input. Multi-row masonry is performed with dressing of seams.

The technological process for the installation of monolithic foundations includes the manufacture and installation of formwork, the delivery of ready-mixed concrete or its preparation on site, the laying of the mixture, concrete maintenance, formwork removal, backfilling of sinuses. Fairly simple outlines of the foundations make it possible to produce formwork in the form of inventory boards used at a number of objects. The surface of the shields must be smooth. Before concreting, it is recommended to coat it with grease, which will facilitate the separation of the shields from the concrete structure.

To load the concrete mixture into the formwork of the sections, inventory trays or tubs are used, loaded on site or delivered from concrete mixing units. The contents of the tub are unloaded directly into the sections. Compact concrete with deep or surface vibrators.

Prefabricated monolithic foundations are built in the following sequence: formwork is installed on the prepared base or pillow in the seams between the sections; the space between the prefabricated elements and the formwork in the joints is filled with a concrete mixture. Production Requirements concrete works in this case, the same as for the construction of monolithic foundations.

Equipment and mechanisms for the construction of the foundation are chosen taking into account everything technological process for pipe construction. An approximate list of the main equipment includes: cranes, mortar mixers, concrete mixers, vibrators, electric rammers, welding units, mobile power plants.

Improving the efficiency of the pipe device can be achieved by a clear organization of the process of manufacturing, delivery of structures and

installation of pipes in a certain area according to a single integrated schedule.

A necessary condition for this is the presence of good entrances and a developed construction base. The foundations, as well as the body of the pipe and the heads, in this case, are mounted “from the wheels”, removing the elements from the cranes Vehicle and putting them into a structure.

Device pile foundations common in areas with weak soils. Piles are loaded mainly with pile-collecting units, including pile-driving equipment based on a tractor, truck crane or excavator and a diesel hammer.

3. Installation of prefabricated reinforced concrete pipes.

The installation of prefabricated heads and the body of the pipe is started after the installation of foundations and backfilling of the sinuses.

Prefabricated pipes are mounted using self-propelled cranes, the lifting capacity of which is determined based on the mass of the blocks of the pipe body, heads and foundation, taking into account the possible outreach of the crane boom.

The order of installation is determined depending on the design of the head part of the pipe and local conditions.

Before starting the installation, the links, head blocks and foundations are cleaned of dirt, and in winter from snow and ice.

Links and blocks with a flat surface of the lower face are installed on a cement mortar with a mobility of 6-8 cm along the cone of StroyTsNIIL. Cylindrical links on a flat surface of the foundation are installed on wooden linings, observing the required gap between the link and the foundation. Then, a concrete mixture is knocked under the link, ensuring full contact of the link along its entire length. The solution is poured on one side, controlling its appearance on the other. Then the missing amount of mortar is replenished from the opposite side of the link, while ensuring complete filling and alignment of the seam. The solution is used with a mobility of 11-13 cm.

The filling of vertical and horizontal joints ensures the continuity and solidity of the pipe structure in the areas between expansion joints.

Seams in the joints of links or sections of pipes are allowed to be caulked on both sides with bitumen-impregnated tow. FROM inside seams should be sealed to a depth of 3 cm with cement mortar.

During installation, compliance with the design clearances between blocks and links within each section is monitored in order to maintain the dimensions of the sections and prevent expansion joints from overlapping.

4. Pipe waterproofing device.

The main type of insulation for concrete and reinforced concrete pipes is currently bituminous mastic.

Coatings are arranged unreinforced (coated) and reinforced (pasted). For pipes, non-reinforced waterproofing consists of two layers bituminous mastic 1.5-3 mm thick each over a primer layer, reinforced - from layers of reinforcing material between three layers of bituminous mastic also over a primer layer.

surfaces reinforced concrete elements pipes - links, floor slabs, nozzles and others in contact with the ground, as a rule, are protected with reinforced waterproofing.

The sequence of work on the installation of waterproofing on a bitumen basis is as follows: surface preparation; device (application or sticker) of waterproofing; protective layer device.

When preparing the surface of the structure, it is cleaned of dirt, dried, and, if necessary, leveled with cement mortar. Application of a preparatory layer of cement mortar required in places of education internal corners, for example, on the overlap of the pipe in front of the cordon stone, for the installation of drains in multipoint pipes and in other cases.

The first technological operation of the actual waterproofing device is the application of bituminous varnish to the insulated surface. Varnish is applied as a primer to fill small cracks and pores,

as well as to improve the adhesion of the main component of waterproofing - bituminous mastic - with concrete surface. It is recommended to apply bituminous varnish spraying, using installations consisting of a container and a spraying pneumatic nozzle. Exists and not mechanized way primer devices with brushes.

Non-reinforced waterproofing is arranged after the primer dries, but not earlier than 24 hours after its application. Hot mastic is applied in layers 1.5-3 mm thick, the second layer after the first one has cooled down. Used to apply mastic hand tool- spatulas, etc. Improving the quality of work and reducing labor costs are achieved using a mechanized method, mainly pneumatic atomization.

Reinforced waterproofing is arranged in this sequence. First, the first layer of hot bituminous mastic is applied to the primed surface and the first layer of reinforcing roll material is glued; repeat these operations for the next layer. Then

the last layer of the reinforcing material is covered with a finishing layer of mastic 1.5-3 mm thick, leveling it after cooling with a manual electric roller and adding mastic to the places where it was not enough. Separate panels of reinforcing material are overlapped with overlapping joints by 10 cm. The joints of the first and second layers should not be located one above the other. The joints of each next layer are shifted by at least 30 cm relative to the joints of the previously laid layer. Rolled materials are glued, preventing the formation of bubbles and achieving a snug fit of the material over the entire surface. Electric irons, electric rollers are used to smooth the insulation.

The protective layer is arranged to prevent mechanical damage to the waterproofing during the backfilling of the pipe and in the subsequent period, taking into account the fact that the safety of the waterproofing during many years of operation is one of the most important factors in the normal operation of the pipe.

5. Soil backfill.

Reinforced concrete culverts are covered with soil after all work on their construction has been completed and an appropriate acceptance certificate has been issued.

The same soil from which the embankment was erected is suitable for backfilling pipes.

The erection of embankments over reinforced concrete pipes consists of two stages:

filling the sinuses between the walls of the pit and the foundation with soil;

backfilling of the pipe to the height of the link.

The soil is laid simultaneously on both sides of the pipe to the same height and compacted in layers by a special vibro-impact soil-compacting machine for working in cramped conditions, and in its absence, by pneumatic rollers. The soil prism is poured in layers inclined from the pipe (with a slope not steeper than 1: 5), the thickness of which is determined in accordance with applicable standards.

The movement of soil-compacting machines along each layer of soil along the pipe should be started from sections remote from it and approach the pipe walls with each subsequent pass. Soil compaction directly at the pipe is allowed if a layer of soil has already been poured on the opposite side at the same level along the entire length of the pipe. Particular attention should be paid to soil compaction at the pipe walls. In this case, a manual electric tamper must be located at a distance of at least 5 cm from the wall. Above the middle part of the pipe (above the links), over-compaction of the soil is not allowed in order to avoid overloading the structure.

With a significant height of the embankment (more than 10 m) above the pipe, it is advisable to leave a zone of reduced (less than 0.95 of the maximum) density, leveling the soil of this zone with a bulldozer without compaction.

If, during the construction process, vehicles moving over or close to the backfilled structure are heavier than the live loads for which the pipe was designed, additional backfilling must be provided to avoid pipe failure.

The degree of soil compaction within the backfill prism is estimated by the coefficient K, which determines the ratio of the achieved density to the maximum standard, determined by the standard compaction method. The latter is given in the project for the production of works based on the data of engineering and geological surveys. As required current instruction the compaction coefficient is provided not lower than 0.95.

Online density control in field conditions lead by N. P. Kovalyov's density meter-moisture meter.

It should be noted that in the process of backfilling the pipe, deviations from K = 0.95 downwards should not be allowed, since a decrease in soil density significantly reduces its deformation modulus, and, consequently, the bearing capacity of the pipe.

Safety

All newly arriving workers are allowed to work on the conclusion of the medical commission and only after passing the introductory (general) safety briefing and safety briefing directly at the workplace.

In addition, workers must undergo training within a three-month period from the date of receipt. safe methods work on a 6-10 hour program.

Upon completion of training, it is necessary to conduct examinations in permanent commissions and draw up an act that must be kept in the worker's personal file.

The construction site should be equipped with permanent or temporary sanitary facilities: latrines, washrooms, changing rooms, clothes dryers, eating areas, showers, first-aid posts or a first-aid kit. Workers must be provided with drinking water.

The construction administration is obliged to supply workers with overalls, safety shoes and personal protective equipment in accordance with the nature of the work in accordance with applicable standards.

On the building masters is assigned within the areas of work assigned to them:

implementation of the correct and safe conduct of construction and installation works using construction machines, mechanisms, mechanized tools and equipment;

monitoring the condition of scaffolding and scaffolding, protective devices, fixing pits, trenches, etc.;

checking the cleanliness and order at workplaces, in the aisles and access roads, ensuring the illumination of workplaces, checking correct operation undercrane and underhead tracks;

instructing workers on safety at workplaces in the process of work;

application control and correct use working clothes and individual protective equipment, for compliance with the norms of carrying heavy loads, for providing workplaces with warning signs and posters.

Bibliography

Road construction (a manual for foremen and foremen of road organizations) VG Popov.

Culverts under O. A. Yankovsky's embankments.

Bridges and structures on highways M.E. Gibshman,

The construction of any capital building preceded by the construction of the foundation on which it will be equipped. Among the variety of foundations, a pipe foundation is quite popular. Since it is this foundation that is perfect for the construction of small buildings in the form one-story houses, garages or outbuildings. We will talk about the features of building a foundation from pipes further.

Pipe foundation: features, advantages and disadvantages

The main feature of the foundation of their pipes is the process of its construction. By appearance this foundation resembles a certain number of pillars located from each other at intervals of 150-300 cm. The pillars are located on the corner sections of the building and at the intersection of the bearing walls.

Among the main advantages of a pipe foundation, it should be noted short terms its erection and rather low cost. In addition, a columnar foundation requires very little concrete mortar and reinforcing bars. If we compare the foundation of pipes with belt type, then for the construction of the first one it is not necessary to dig a pit and spend time and money on this, it is enough just to drill small wells.

Subject to all the technologies for arranging the foundation of pipes, it will acquire a fairly decent strength and will serve for a long time.

Please note that the arrangement of such a foundation does not imply the presence of a basement in the house. In addition, it is better to build a foundation of pipes on slopes or on soft soils.

For the manufacture of support pillars apply various kinds Construction Materials such as concrete, metal, asbestos cement, brick, wood. The most durable are foundations based on concrete or asbestos cement.

Among their advantages, we highlight:

• the highest level of strength;
• resistance to spreading;
• speed of work.

The pipe foundation has gained popularity due to its ease of construction, less physical effort and affordable cost. Pipes are used as the main material for its construction. In addition, the construction of such a foundation does not require the presence of expensive equipment, it is enough to use a conventional drill, a concrete mixer and improvised tools.

Among the advantages of the foundation of pipes, we highlight:

• reduction in the total cost of building the foundation and physical effort to carry out this process if we compare the costs of arranging a monolithic foundation, then they will be twice as high;
• the almost complete absence of land work in the form of digging a pit and leveling the soil;
• speed of foundation construction and no need to wait for concrete to harden, etc.;
• flood prevention, since the main building is 25-30 cm above the ground;
• ease of carrying out communication systems.

Despite this, the construction of a foundation made of pipes has the following disadvantages:

• the presence of a small bearing load, so the arrangement of such a foundation becomes possible only during the construction of small one-story buildings;
• low duration of operation, which does not exceed 85 years;
• inability to build basement, which is located at the bottom of the building;
• such a foundation is not suitable for areas with too high elevation differences or moving soils.

Column foundation made of pipes: types and their characteristics

In relation to the type of pipes that are used in the construction of a columnar foundation, it happens:

• from asbestos-cement pipes;
• from concrete pipes;
• plastic pipes;
• from metal pipes;
• from wood.

foundation from asbestos pipes is different the highest strength, among their advantages are:

• the arrangement of the foundation does not require additional costs for the construction of formwork for pouring concrete, unlike concrete pipes;
• in addition, a sand and gravel cushion, pit or trench is not arranged under them;
• pipe installation does not require machinery or special equipment;
• the affordable cost of asbestos pipes allows you to reduce the cost of arranging the foundation.

Disadvantages of the foundation of asbestos-cement pipes:

• inadmissibility of use in buildings that are characterized by an increased degree of load;
• insecurity for humans;
• low service life, about 65 years.

Among the advantages of the foundation of concrete piles are:

• resistance to chemicals;
• such piles are resistant to corrosion;
• absence of defects, since high-grade and good quality concrete is used in the manufacture;
• no need for earthworks.

Building a foundation from plastic pipes has the following advantages:

• high level of reliability;
• resistance to corrosion;
• harmlessness to humans, unlike pipes made of asbestos.

Such pipes are used as a foundation exclusively for light buildings, in the form of outbuildings. Used to build a foundation sewer pipes under the foundation.

The construction of a foundation from metal pipes is distinguished by the following advantages:

• high level of strength;
• resistance to cracking;
• installation speed.

Among the disadvantages of using metal for the construction of the foundation, it should be noted, first of all, its instability before corrosion and the gradual destruction due to this process.

Wooden poles installed for arranging the foundation are also able to withstand a decent load, but they are unstable against the moisture that is in the ground. Over time, these supports begin to rot and collapse.

How to make a foundation from pipes: the initial stage

Before starting work, determine the depth at which the soil lies, for this, the following factors should be taken into account:

• soil freezing depth;
• availability and depth of groundwater;
• soil characteristics on the site;
• the total mass of the building.

First, the site is marked, the depth of drilling and the number of pillars are calculated exactly. Further, using a gasoline or hand drill, wells should be made for the installation of pipes.

The interval between the pipes is about two meters. Please note that supports must be present at the corners and intersections of the walls. The drilling depth should be 300 mm more than the depth of soil freezing. Given value is approximately 1.5-1.8 m. The size of the hole depends on the diameter of the pipe that will be installed in it. The supporting parts should rise above the surface by half a meter.

Further actions are determined by the type of pipes that were chosen for the arrangement of the foundation.

Asbestos pipes as a base for the foundation

Asbestos pipes have become widespread due to their affordable cost, resistance to corrosion and impact. high temperature. However, this type of pipe needs to be reinforced with reinforcing bars.

The diameter of the asbestos pipe should be about 200 mm, and the height should be 2 m. All pipes are installed in wells, and further actions have two options:

• pouring with concrete mortar;
• installation of metal rods.

The first option involves the installation of fittings in the pipe, the distance between which is 60-70 mm. The length of the reinforcement should be about 2.5 m. Since it should be 20 cm in the ground and 20 cm protrude from the outside.

Since it is from the reinforcing bars that the grillage is formed. Next, the pillars are poured with concrete mortar and wait for it to set, for 6-8 days.

The second option is that the pipe is poured with concrete by only a third, then it is raised by 100-150 mm, so the concrete remains at the bottom and forms a kind of pile in the form of an expansion that will prevent the pipe from rising up. The fittings in this case should not protrude beyond the base of the pipe. Raised pipes must be at the same level. Next, the pipe is poured with concrete mortar to the top, and a hairpin is installed on top, which protrudes from the pipe by 300 mm, it is from it that the grillage will be formed.

The second option has the main advantage that the stud has a thread, from which it is easier to form a grillage than from reinforcement. If work is carried out on soils with high flowability, then before installing the pipe, care should be taken to prepare a sand and gravel cushion, on top of which roofing material is laid.

Fittings for installation in pipes must undergo special treatment with the help of protective agents that will prevent premature wear due to corrosion.

The construction of the foundation of plastic pipes

The construction of such a foundation should begin with marking and leveling the site. The plot is traced by level. For marking, pegs and a rope on which they are stretched are used. In the presence of different kind elevations or depressions, take care of their alignment.

Dig a small trench around the perimeter and locate the pipes in it. The spacing between pipes is affected by the type of building and its weight. The maximum spacing between plastic pipes is 200 cm.

Pipes in without fail should be present on corner sections, walls and partitions, if there is a terrace or veranda in the house, separate pipes should also be installed under them. Thus, the deformation of the building and its uneven shrinkage will be prevented.

At the bottom of the well, a pillow of sand and gravel is installed, they will serve as drainage. Next, a waterproofing layer is installed in the form of roofing felt or polyethylene film.

Next, a concrete solution is poured into the well, after that, you need to wait an hour until the mixture sets. Next, the pipe is installed and pressed in until it stops. Reinforcing bars are installed in the pipe, which are also pressed into the pipe. Please note that the rods should extend beyond the pipes by 20-25 cm. To fall asleep free space the pipe uses sand pre-moistened with water. In order to concrete mix froze, you need to wait a week.

Do-it-yourself columnar foundation made of pipes: metal pipes

When choosing metal pipes for arranging the foundation, there are two ways to carry out this process:

1. The first option involves the installation of pipes, lower from the place where the drilling of the well was completed, about half a meter. The diameter of such a pipe does not have to be 200-250 mm; it is possible to install two or three pipes with a smaller diameter. In this case, the distance between the pipes should be about 5 cm. Further, the pit and pipes are poured with concrete mortar. This method involves the manufacture of a grillage using a steel profile that was previously welded to the pipe. This method is characterized by the highest reliability of fastening and provides maximum strength of the foundation.

2. The second method involves the arrangement of a sand and gravel cushion and the installation of a pipe. Its diameter is 150-200 cm. Please note that the pipe must fit snugly against the well, therefore, in the process of drilling it, the base should be reduced by a few millimeters. In too hot weather, the metal is prone to thermal expansion, it is this action that will help prevent damage to the foundation. Next, a solution of sand and cement is poured into the pipe High Quality. If the building will have more than one floor, then care should be taken to additionally strengthen the foundation with reinforcement.

When the foundation of metal pipes hardens, after five to seven days, the arrangement of the grillage begins. The cheapness and ease of arrangement is distinguished by the use of wood flooring, for the manufacture of which screw connections are used.

When building a residential building, it is better to use metal flooring or concrete casting.

It is the grillage that is able to connect any pipes in one plane. In addition, all walls rest on it and the load is distributed. The grillage is 10-20 cm above the ground.

Used to make a structure monolithic reinforced concrete or metal. If the first option was chosen, then in the process of constructing the grillage, special attention should be paid to the formwork. It must withstand a large load from the concrete solution and not be damaged. If the cross section of the grillage is 250x300 mm, then the formwork is constructed from spacers, the interval between which is half a meter.

To begin with, the upper edge is set, the evenness of which is checked using a bubble level. A polyethylene film is additionally laid along the formwork, it will prevent the spill of cement laitance. Next, a double reinforcing frame is laid from metal rod. concrete mortar it is poured twice, first, with a thickness of 10-15 cm, and then to the top. To insulate connections with the foundation, it is recommended to install a pick-up, which is mounted on a sand and gravel dressing.

Strengthening and cost of the foundation of pipes

Please note that non-compliance with the technology of building a foundation from pipes leads to its distortion and deformation of the entire building, so this type of foundation needs to be strengthened.

In order to strengthen the foundation made of steel pipes in a problem area, weld steel profiles to the pipe, which will provide additional rigidity.

Pipes made of plastic or asbestos are reinforced with additional trenches, which are poured with concrete mortar.

More expensive but no less effective method strengthening the foundation of asbestos pipes - drilling holes in the upper part of the pipes and installing anchors in them, into which reinforced rods are installed.

If the building sank too much, then it rises special equipment, and a trench breaks out on the site for arranging a strip foundation.

The cost of a pipe foundation is much lower than that of a strip foundation. For its construction, you should choose cement of a grade not lower than 400. In addition, you will need at least a ton of sand and gravel. The amount of materials depends on the depth of the wells, the number of pipes and the total load on the structure.

When choosing pipes, you should proceed from the same factors. Most cheap option plastic pipes. In addition, they do not need additional transportation costs.

Asbestos pipes are half the price of plastic pipes; when choosing them, it is better to focus on long products, which, if necessary, will be sawn into several parts. In addition, fittings will be needed to strengthen the pipes.

Buying pipes made of steel is a more expensive process. Although they do not need additional reinforcement with reinforcement.

Pipe foundation video:

July 25, 2016
Specialization: master of internal and outdoor decoration(plaster, putty, tile, drywall, lining, laminate and so on). In addition, plumbing, heating, electrical, conventional cladding and balcony extensions. That is, repairs in an apartment or house were done on a turnkey basis with all necessary types works.

HDPE pipes for water supply in the country or in country house are the most popular, for several reasons. However, this does not mean at all that there are no other options - they definitely are, and we will consider them. I will also tell you how to organize a water supply system with a submersible pump for a well or a well, I am sure the information will be informative for many. Let's get down to business right away!

Pipe selection: 4 best options

There are a lot of materials from which you can make plumbing or sewerage with your own hands, but I wanted to single out only four types:

1. metal- the most popular material from which water and sewer pipes are made. It can be black, stainless and colored. These are compositions such as stainless and black steel, cast iron and copper. In addition, all steel pipes can be cold and hot rolled, welded and seamless - this determines the price and quality in terms of strength (how much pressure they can withstand).
2. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)- this water pipes HDPE for giving and country house which can be flexible or rigid. The flexible version is produced in a diameter of 32 mm and is used for ditching. That is, as an eyeliner from a centralized system or from submersible pump to the station and indoors. Rigid PVC pipes used for sewerage can have a diameter of 32 mm or more, although more than 110 mm are not used in private estates - it simply does not make sense.

1. Polypropylene (PPR), k as a rule, it is used only for cold and hot water supply - the difference lies in the reinforcement. Pipe data, as well as instructions for use, will be given below - this is the most popular option.
2. Metalloplast - d about recently, these were also quite popular pipes for plumbing - they bend easily and are very easy to lay on the walls and on the floor in strobes. At the moment, their popularity has remained only for installing a system of underfloor heating - they are cheaper than cross-linked polyethylene, and for technical parameters superior to this material. I'll tell from personal experience- do not believe the advertisement - metal-plastic is much more convenient and more profitable to mount on a warm floor than polyethylene due to its reinforcement, which PE does not have.

Water pipes

On the street

Let's start from the street. You need to connect a submersible pump in a well or well - I will not focus on this, since this is a separate article, and we are talking about a pipeline. In this case country water supply from HDPE plastic pipes you need to lower into the trench.

There are certain parameters for this - see them in the table below. These, of course, are not all regions, but you can find out the parameters in your area in any architectural service.

City and surrounding areas	Depth in cm
Khanty-Mansiysk	240
Novosibirsk, Omsk	220
Ukhta, Tobolsk, Petropavlovsk	210
Orsk, Kurgan	200
Magnitogorsk, Chelyabinsk, Yekaterinburg, Perm	190
Orenburg, Ufa, Syktyvkar	180
Kazan, Kirov, Izhevsk	170
Samara, Ulyanovsk	160
Saratov, Penza, Nizhny Novgorod, Kostroma, Vologda	150
Tver, Moscow, Ryazan	140
St. Petersburg, Voronezh, Volgograd	120
Kursk, Smolensk, Pskov	110
Astrakhan, Belgorod	100
Rostov-on-Don	90
Stavropol	80
Kaliningrad	70
Khanty-Mansiysk	240
Novosibirsk, Omsk	220

Soil freezing table up to 0⁰C in different regions Russia

It is desirable that the pipeline laying is below the freezing point - then you do not have to do it. But, as you can see for yourself, in some regions the depth of zero temperature exceeds 2m and digging such trenches is not very convenient.

Therefore, you can use insulation. Personally, I prefer mineral (basalt) wool, which I then cover with roofing material for waterproofing - cotton wool is fixed with nylon thread, and roofing material with knitting or aluminum wire.

Laying depth and insulation are not all components of success. You will need a pillow that you can make from sand. At the bottom of the trench, pour sand 20-450 mm thick.

You put a pipe on it, which you again cover with sand by 50-60 mm from above. In order not to ram such a pillow (this is very inconvenient), you can pour plenty of water on it - the sand will sit in a few minutes. After that, it will be possible to throw the excavated soil.

Now about the connections - a photo with docking diagrams can be seen a little higher. A piece of HDPE from the well to the foundation should be intact, but when entering the house (through the foundation), as well as on the passage through the well ring, compression fittings will be needed.

It is very simple to make a connection with their help, the main thing is to hold the pipe to a certain mark. For a well or well, you will need a 90⁰ fitting, and for entry through a foundation, you may need any angle. However, this is not the point - the main thing is to assemble it correctly.

In the House

Just in case, I leave the submersible pump connection diagram, although this is not entirely on the topic (if you need details, see my other articles). I just want to emphasize that you make the input with the 32nd HDPE pipe, and leave the station with the 20th PPR pipe for wiring to authorities.

Here it is important to determine the installation location of the shut-off valves. It is advisable to install these taps near each bathroom so that you can turn off a separate point for repairs if necessary.

If you need to heat the water pipes in the country (this is necessary with thin walls), then it is best to use polyethylene foam (nirelin) or mineral (basalt) wool for this. If the problem is serious, then you can use a heating cable that can be inserted inside the pipe or simply wrapped around it, and then covered with some other layer of thermal insulation.

On the top photo you see the stages of polypropylene welding, and on the image #4 the section is shown. There, as you can see, there are no sags that could cut the passage hole. Look at the table below - it shows all the necessary welding parameters.

PPR welding mode table

PPR pipes are divided into RN-10, PN-20 and PN-25, where the number indicates the possible operating pressure. For example, a PN-20 pipe can withstand 2 MPa (20 kg / cm2) and is reinforced aluminum foil and it is most often perceived as universal. Therefore, I recommend using it for both cold and hot water.

Conclusion

Of course, such pipes for gas in the country are not suitable, but you can use them not only for hot water supply, but also for distributing heating in a system with radiators. you learned for yourself useful information? Share your thoughts in the comments.

July 25, 2016

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