Rose wrinkled (wrinkled rosehip). Rose wrinkled - the unique charm of a wild beauty

Rose wrinkled - very unusual and beautiful plant, eye-catching with its amazing flowers and leaves. Other names for wrinkled roses are wrinkled rose hips, rose rugosa. Latin names: Rosa rugosa, Hybrid Rugosa (abbreviated as HRg). In our article, we will look at how to plant a wrinkled rose and care for it.

Advantages and disadvantages of rose rugosa

The main advantage of this species is the excellent productivity of the plant and regular yields. So, for example, the fruits begin to ripen at the end of August and this process lasts for almost three weeks.

Roses require careful care

Quite large fruits are also pleasing - about three cm in diameter, weight - from 5 to 16 g, rather fleshy, have an oblong shape. From one bush you can harvest about 4 kg of crop.

The wrinkled rose is also distinguished by excellent frost resistance - it withstands frosts down to -40 ° C without any shelter, the variety is resistant to diseases and pests.

Also, many gardeners love this crop due to the fact that the plant quickly recovers after pruning, is resistant to high humidity and grows on any soil.

But, of course, there are also disadvantages. For example, on a bush it quickly forms a large number of shoots, it also has a low drought tolerance.

Rose wrinkled - features of its cultivation

Rose care is a fairly simple task, since this culture is not very susceptible to drought, temperature fluctuations. However, in order to obtain beautiful flowers, it is very important to create the necessary conditions for growing this crop.

The main features of cultivation include:

• The wrinkled rose is very fond of good lighting, therefore it is better to grow a shrub with south side while the site must be protected from drafts.
• Ideally, you need to land before the buds appear - this is spring. But also work can be done in the fall. There should be a distance of 1.5 m between the bushes.
• To plant a rose, you should choose a moist and fertile soil, but in addition you need to add organic matter and mineral fertilizers, it will be useful to mulch the site.
• If with this plant you want to create hedge, seedlings should be placed at a distance of about 60 cm from the fence. The hole should be about 20 cm deep.
• The soil before planting seedlings needs to be "feeded", for which about 10 kg of humus, 40 g of potassium salt and about 10 g of superphosphate should be used for each square meter of the plot.
• After planting, water the roses abundantly and mulch the soil.

Rugosa landing rules

Plan to plant rugosa in the spring - work must be done before bud break and after the soil warms up to +7 degrees. There should also be no risk of sudden frosts. You can also plant in the spring - from mid-September to mid-October.

Choose a plant for planting correct plot, and you can plant plants in any soil. If your site borders on ravines or slopes, then plant the seedling so that it is on a flat line of the site. An important advantage of such a planting is that the developed roots of the shrub can stop the slope from falling.

Seedlings up to two years old take root best of all, in addition, they should have powerful roots about 20 cm long. Also, the plant should not have damage and signs of decay.

An important point: it is best to plant at least 3-4 bushes on the site, since its fruiting depends on cross-pollination. The site must be prepared in advance: dig the ground 30 cm, remove plant debris, especially weeds. When digging, add 10 kg of humus per square meter.

You also need to form planting pits and add a substrate prepared in advance, which is prepared from:

• Turf land.
• 20 kg of humus.
• A glass of superphosphate.
• 60 g of ammonium nitrate.
• 40 g of potassium sulfate.

When planting, form a small mound at the bottom and carefully distribute the roots of the seedling, sprinkling them with soil mixture. It is necessary to position the root neck above the ground level, for which, when filling the seedling, place it 5 cm higher. It remains to water each bush with at least 10 liters of water, mulch the trunk circle.

Don't forget to trim the bush's shoots, leaving about 30% of their length.

the peculiarity of such a rose is that a large number of roots and shoots form on it, which can cause the suppression of neighboring plants. To avoid this problem, you should create a barrier using slate.

In the first few years, rose care will consist of watering, weeding, loosening the soil. Bushes need to be watered literally 4 times per season, based on 20 liters per bush. True, if the weather is too dry, the amount of watering can be increased.

Roses are fed only in the third year after planting, while keeping in mind that you do not need to feed this plant abundantly. So that the bushes fully bloom and give abundant harvests, every spring, apply about 30 g of urea per "square".

Every 4 years you need to pay for:

• 10 kg of compost.
• 20 g of potassium salt.
• 50 g of superphosphate.

The main chores are associated with pruning - work can be done in the fall a few weeks before the onset of frost or in the spring, the main thing is that the buds have not yet blossomed.

The first time pruning can be carried out in the third year after planting. When pruning, remove damaged and weak branches, root offspring.

The remaining healthy shoots should be cut at a height of 15-20 cm, leaving at least 5 healthy branches.

New shoots will gradually begin to form on the stumps - as soon as their length is 70 cm, you need to shorten them by 20%. In subsequent years, underdeveloped or damaged shoots should be pruned.

Also, do not forget to normalize the number of productive shoots in the crown. So, an adult plant (over six years old) should have about 15 shoots.

How to prepare a rose for winter?

Wrinkled rose - enough resistant plant to frost, diseases and pests. However, you still need to carry out preventive measures every year that will help make plants even more resistant to various negative factors.

So, be sure to carry out sanitary pruning, dispose of all plant residues left over from the fall from the site. Also, do not forget to dig the trunk circle, be sure to inspect the soil for the presence of pest eggs.

It is also necessary to carry out the processing of plants with the help of Bordeaux mixture without fail - once in spring and autumn, the main thing is to have time before the moment of bud break. Noticing pests, wash the plants with an ash-soap solution (2 cups of ash, 50 g of soap diluted in 10 liters of water).

If the plant has been attacked by a large number of pests, roses can be treated with tools such as Rogor or Actellik, however, act strictly according to the instructions.

In our material, we will analyze in detail how to prune roses in the spring.

Here we will learn all the tips for caring for the queens of the garden after winter.

Decided to plant roses in the garden? In this material, you will learn the basic tips for growing this capricious crop.

In the southern regions, it is not necessary to cover the shrub for the winter, but in Siberia and other cold regions, this is indispensable. To insulate the shrub, the soil around it is mulched with peat up to 7 cm thick, the branches must be tied up and placed on the spruce branches.

How can such a rose be used?

This type of rose can be successfully used not only in decorative purposes but also to produce flowers and fruits. For example, from this rose you can make delicious tea and jam, useful eau de toilette for the body.

From the berries you can cook decoctions and infusions used in the treatment of various diseases. Like rose hips, rugose contains a large amount of ascorbic acid.

That is why its fruits can be successfully used for beriberi, in the case of diabetic nutrition.

In addition, any variety of this plant is suitable for decorating a flower garden or flower bed, however, you need to be very careful with planting this rose if you are allergic to pollen or smell.

The cost of seedlings of this rose is from 500 to 1000 rubles, depending on the region where you buy planting material. For example, in southern regions you can find seedlings for only 300 rubles.

Source: http://vokrugdachi.com/cvetnik/roza-morshhinistaya-posadka-i-uxod.html

Wrinkled rose - extraordinary beauty

The homeland of the wild-growing species of wrinkled rose, or rose rugosa (Rosa rugosa), from which the varieties of the group originated, are Northern China and Japan. Two forms of roses are known: the first form with white flowers, the second with dark pink or red.

Rose wrinkled (Rosa rugosa)

Among the many elegant wild roses, domestic ornamental gardening in ancient times chose the wrinkled rose, or Rosa rugosa (Rosa rugosa) and its hybrids (Hybrid Rugosa group, abbr. HRg).

It grows in the Far East, Korea and North China. Grows in groups or in thickets on sandy or sandy-pebble sea coasts, coastal meadows. Light-loving mesophyte, microtherm, edificator of coastal wild rose thickets. Protected in nature reserves.

Spreading shrub up to 2.5 m tall. The main species and its hybrids are large, fragrant flowers various colors, from 6 to 12 cm in diameter. Flowers solitary or 3-8 in inflorescences, simple or double, with the number of petals from 5 to 150.

They bloom all summer, especially abundantly in June, often repeatedly, so buds, flowers and ripened fruits can be observed on the bush. Flowering like shoots current year, and on the shoots of past years. The leaves are strongly wrinkled, with gray-green pubescence on the underside, up to 22 cm long, with 5-9 leaflets. In hybrid forms, the leaves are sometimes shiny, glossy.

Spines are reddish, bent down, numerous. The fruits are large, orange-red, fleshy, up to 2.5 cm in diameter.

The flower of the wrinkled rose, or rose rugosa. © Maja Dumat

This species is easily recognizable by the thick awl-shaped straight spines and bristles covering the shoots, and wrinkled leaves. He is very popular among the people.

After all, its lilac-red weak-scented large non-double flowers bloom all summer. And in autumn, single flowers coexist on a bush with orange onion fruits.

The unpretentiousness of this wild rose, its winter hardiness and resistance to diseases are also “not lying on the road”.

In fact, white, and pink, and terry, and semi-double forms of Rosa rugosa are found in nature and culture. Already in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.

many originators of Europe (in Russia - Michurin and Regel) began to successfully use Rosa rugosa and its varieties for hybridization. Varieties of that time to this day are in the collection rose gardens of the world.

But in the assortment of nurseries only a few remained.

Rosa rugosa hybrids, in the name of which the name Grootendorst appears, have stood the full test of time. 100 years ago, its owner F.J. Grootendorst was a famous Dutch rose grower. And in our time, his work is continued and expanded by the nursery company “Rosbergen und Grootendorst”.

Varieties

F.J. Grootendorst

The first-born of this line was bred by the Belgian De Goy in honor of his Dutch counterpart. In the same 1918, the “inspirer of the rose” F.J. Grootendorst introduced it in his nursery for breeding, and later used it in breeding. The initial form for the variety was Rosa rugosa rubra, which was crossed with an unknown polyanthus rose.

It was she who gave the hybrid charming bunches of flowers, which are 5-20 pieces each. bloom on strong peduncles. Crimson-red double weakly scented flowers are much smaller than those of R. rugosa: their diameter is 3-4 cm (versus 6-12 cm).

The unprecedented success of this rose was ensured by two circumstances: the unusual carnation shape of the flowers and the very abundant flowering until the end of the growing season (as in polyanthaceae). Therefore, the variety got its second name ‘Nelkenrose’ (German - carnation rose). The height of the bush in our conditions is 1-1.5 m (it is easily regulated by pruning); upright form.

The leaves are dark green, shiny. In the middle lane, the plant is quite winter-hardy, only in very harsh winters freezes slightly.

Pink Grootendorst - Wikiwand Pink Grootendors

Rosa Pink Grootendorst (Pink Grootendors). © Huhu

Pink variety of the previous variety. This is one of the most amazing roses. Shrub 1.5 m high, pyramidal sprawling, leaves light green, wrinkled, shiny.

Delicate light pink densely double flowers, 3-4 cm in diameter, double (30-40 petals) with carved edges of the petals, in inflorescences of 5-15 pieces, even more similar to carnation bunches. They look very beautiful among the light green foliage. Flowering is plentiful.

Planted in groups, hedges, in the form of single bushes. The variety repairs well in autumn.

Grootendorst Supreme - Wikiwand Grootendorst Supreme

Dark raspberry red sport.

Rosa Grootendorst Suprem (Grootendorst Supreme). © toutenun

White Grootendorst - White Grootendors

Pure white small-flowered terry variety with the same virtues.

Rosa White Grootendorst (White Grootendors). © Andrea Moro

Hybrids with other species and varieties are known, among them the most interesting are:

• “Abelzieds” - a shrub up to 2 m high, usually pyramidal in shape. The flowers are pale pink, cup-shaped, 5-6 cm in diameter, semi-double, with 14-18 petals, slightly fragrant, 13-40 pcs. on the peduncle. Blooms profusely and for a long time. Winter-hardy. Good for planting in groups and hedges.
• “Agnes” . The flowers are creamy yellow, darker towards the center, large (7-8 cm), double (40-60 petals), fragrant.
• “Georges Ken“. The flowers are dark red, cup-shaped, large, semi-double, very fragrant.
• “Conrad Ferdinand Meyer” - with strongly double, bright silver-pink, fragrant flowers, with good repeat flowering.
• “My Hammerberg” - shrub up to 50 cm high, dense, compact. The leaves are large, wrinkled. The flowers are light purple-red, cup-shaped, 9 cm in diameter, weakly double (17 petals), fragrant, 5 pcs. in inflorescence. Flowering is plentiful, remontant. Winters without shelter.
• “Rosere de L'3“. The flowers are cherry-red, large (8-10 cm), double (30-40 petals), fragrant.
• “Suv. de Philemon Cochet” . The flowers are white with a pinkish center, cup-shaped, large (8-9 cm), very double (140 petals), very fragrant.
• “Queen of the North” - with red, double flowers, the most hardy of the double roses for the north middle lane European part of Russia.
• “Hanza” . The flowers are reddish-violet, large (8-10 cm), double (30-40 petals), very fragrant.

All varieties and hybrids of wrinkled roses have very good winter hardiness and therefore hibernate without shelter.

The rose is wrinkled. © Kirsten Skiles

cultivation

Location: These plants are photophilous. Preferably southern slopes or flat, sunny areas, protected from the prevailing winds.

The soil: require fertile, well-moistened soil, responsive to the introduction of mineral and organic fertilizers, mulching.

Landing: planted in spring before bud break or in autumn ( better in spring). Plants are placed at a distance of 1.5 m from each other according to the scheme 3 x 1.5 m.

When creating a high hedge, planting density in rows is 50-100 cm, between rows 50-70 cm; medium-high - in rows and between them - 10-60 cm. Organic and mineral fertilizers are applied before planting: 8-10 kg of humus or peat, 10 g of superphosphate, 50 g of potassium salt (per 1 m²).

Planted to a depth of 10-15 cm. After planting, abundant watering and mulching are recommended. The aerial part is cut off, leaving no more than 1/3 of the length of the shoots.

Usage: In single landings, small groups, on the edges. One of the advantages of the best decorative forms R. wrinkled - the large size of the bush, while prickly, thick branches do not need support. Decorative hedge from the river. wrinkled will protect the site from prying eyes and unexpected guests.

At the end of September, the leaves of some forms of wrinkled rose acquire a very beautiful reddish color, and the bushes become a real decoration of the autumn garden. At the end of summer and autumn, the branches adorn not only flowers, but also fruits. Bright red or dark orange, they stand out effectively against the background of dense green foliage.

The mass of fruits ranges from 7 to 10 g, the diameter reaches 34 mm, the length is 24 mm. From one bush you can harvest from 2.5 to 3.6 kg. If the fruits are cleaned of seeds and hairs, then you can make fragrant, vitamin jam, jam, jam or compote from them. Flowers are also not only decorative, but also healing.

From dried petals, you can brew a healthy fragrant tea, and wipe your face with infusion instead of washing.

Rose bush wrinkled. © Putneypics

Care

The first two years, the plants do not fertilize; in the third, urea is applied in the spring (15-20 g per 1 m²). After the start of fruiting in the fall, organic (10-15 kg) and mineral fertilizers are applied once every 3-4 years - 50-60 g of superphosphate and 20 g of potassium salt per 1 m2.

The root system of 6-7-year-old plants can reach a depth of 2.5 m, so they tolerate short-term drought well.

To prevent excessive growth of the bush in breadth due to root shoots, the area on which the rose grows should be fenced with vertically dug sheets of old roofing iron or other similar material.

In order for the plant to look beautiful, bloom well and bear fruit, it must be cut regularly. This is unpleasant, laborious, but necessary work. Two years after planting, the bush is not pruned, on the third, all weak branches lying on the ground, as well as root suckers located far from the base of the bush, are removed.

The remaining shoots are cut at a height of 15-18 cm, leaving 5 well-developed annual branches. When the shoots that appear on the stumps reach a length of 70 cm, they pinch the tops (shorten by 1/5), which causes the growth of lateral branches, stimulates fruiting.

In subsequent years, crown pruning consists in the regular removal of unproductive 4-6-year-old branches, as well as underdeveloped and broken ones.

It should be remembered that the number of branches must be normalized. During the period of full fruiting (starting from the 6th year after planting), with regular pruning, there should be 16-20 branches in the bush at the age of 1 to 4 years. In the future, 2-3 strong replacement young shoots are left annually, and damaged and 6-year-olds are cut out.

The rose is wrinkled. © oshokim

Source: https://www.botanichka.ru/article/rosa-7/

Rose wrinkled: description, cultivation, reproduction - A site about plants

Wrinkled rose (wrinkled rosehip, rose rugosa - Rosa rugosa) - description, cultivation, reproduction, use in landscape design

In the photo: Wrinkled rose - Rosa rugosa

The wrinkled rose, or, to be closer to biological terminology, the wrinkled rosehip, has won the hearts of gardeners since its appearance in Europe.

Of the hundreds of species, hybrids and varieties of wild rose, it is one of the most widespread and popular in landscape design.

This is due not only to the beauty of the wrinkled rose, but also to its unpretentiousness, resistance to diseases, and rapid growth.

Range and place in biocenoses

The natural range of the wrinkled rose is the eastern coastal part of the Eurasian continent and the nearby islands: China (Shatung province); Korea; Kamchatka; Sakhalin; Japan; coastal part of the Far East (Russia). Grows on sand dunes, in the coastal zone, usually forming dense impenetrable thickets.

Rose wrinkled naturalized in Europe, North America and Australia. In new habitats, wrinkled rose hips are not only grown in gardens and parks. The plant has become a full member of natural biocenoses. Plantings of wrinkled roses are especially valued in places of sandy scree and ravines, in places of slipping soil.

Systematics and names

The wrinkled rose received its specific name due to leaf blades with prominent veins. This is a characteristic species feature, one might say - a visiting card.

Latin name wild rose wrinkled - Rosa rugosa in many people associates with a close relative of wild rose - a garden rose. Therefore, in many sources, the name wrinkled rose is found.

These are synonymous names, the use of each of them is allowed in popular science articles. But in scientific sources, the name of the plant Rosa rugosa is translated as "wrinkled rosehip."

The name of the wrinkled rose - rose rugosa - is the spelling of the Latin name in Russian letters, is used as a synonym. The wrinkled rose belongs to the family Rosaceae (Pink), the order Rosales (Rosaceae), the class of Dicotyledonous plants from the department of Angiosperms (Flowers).

Morphology

In the photo: wrinkled rose thorns In the photo: wrinkled rose leaves

Rose wrinkled - a shrub, the usual height of which is 1.5-2 m, but some specimens can reach 5 m. The branches are erect, thick, the shape of the crown is sprawling. Annual shoots are green grassy, ​​pubescent; perennial branches are brown, stiff.

The wrinkled rose develops two types of thorns: small, needle-shaped, densely spaced thorns and large thorns with a wide base, located not so densely. The leaves are compound, pinnate, with petioles and stipules; the leaf arrangement is alternate. The number of leaflets on the petiole is seven, sometimes five or nine. Leaf blades are oval, pointed with a serrated edge.

The dorsal surface of the leaf blade is shiny, with pronounced folds. The ventral (lower) surface of the leaves is pubescent, sometimes felty, gray-green or light gray in color. The tap root system can penetrate to a depth of 3.5 m, but is usually much closer to the surface (20-40 cm).

The root system grows strongly in different sides, due to which dogrose is used to hold soils. The wrinkled rose forms a caudex, from which modified creeping woody underground shoots grow - turions. Thanks to these shoots, on which vegetative buds are formed, the plant reproduces well and quickly forms thickets.

Subsequently, young plants may lose their connection with the mother rose and grow on their own. The flowers are regular, actinomorphic, five-membered, with a double perianth, very fragrant due to nectaries. Flowers can be solitary, or arranged in 2 - 4 on pedicels, which are often covered with glands.

Five non-fused sepals + five free petals + many stamens, their number fluctuates, they are arranged in a circle + many pistils (their number fluctuates). Upper ovary. Flowering from June to October: wrinkled rose natural remontant species, pollinated by insects. The fruit is a collapsible nut covered with a fleshy pericarp.

The shape of the fruit is spherical or flattened-spherical, the color of ripe fruits is red or orange-red.

Rose wrinkled very variable plant, prone to the formation of natural hybrids and mutations. Therefore, plants with petals of different colors can be found in nature: pink, dark pink, white, purple or red-purple. Also in nature you can find a wrinkled rose, the flowers of which will be semi-double or double.

Growing conditions

The wrinkled rose can rightly be called the most resistant species of the entire genus Rosa. It withstands frosts down to -40 without needing shelter, can grow in drafts, on poor stony substrates, withstand proximity to highways or factories and at the same time feels great - it blooms and gives abundant shoots.

LightingThe wrinkled rose loves good lighting, is not afraid of direct sunlight and can grow on sunny side without any harm to leaves and flowers. It perfectly exists both in bright diffused light and in partial shade. But with a lack of light, the wrinkled rosehip forms fewer buds and blooms much weaker.

When growing a plant in partial shade, flowering can be limited only to the first wave in late spring - early summer.

substrate

The shrub is not demanding on soils, it can grow even on poor sandy substrates and on loamy soils. The wrinkled rose also withstands saline soils, the acidity of which is not more than 6.5. The optimal acidity of the soil is slightly acidic (pH 5.5-6.5).

On alkaline substrates, the rose cannot get enough magnesium and iron. In this case, the leaves turn yellow, and the veins remain bright green - this is chlorosis caused by a lack of trace elements.

For greater decorativeness, the wrinkled rose is fed like other shrubs, in particular roses.

Watering and humidity

Rosehip wrinkled is not picky about air humidity and watering. The plant can withstand dry periods and still not lose its decorative effect. On the other hand, wrinkled roses can withstand stagnant water in the ground and will not develop horse rot, unlike other types of roses.

Use in landscape design

Rose wrinkled is used to create: hedges, borders and environmental barriers; group dendrological compositions (in groups with conifers and / or deciduous shrubs and trees) compositions consisting exclusively of different hybrids wild rose; solo plantings (a bush against the background of a lawn); rockeries - compositions with fragments of rocks or stones; ethnic compositions; natural barriers (detention of sands, strengthening of coasts, ravines); environmental barriers in industrial areas and places with high air pollution (due to its natural resistance, the wrinkled rose not only grows in such places, but also purifies the air); topiary - figures from plants.

Reproduction of wrinkled rose

The easiest way to propagate wild rose wrinkled is to transplant young plants grown from underground shoots. Plants are simply separated from the mother and transplanted.

This is best done in spring or autumn, but the wrinkled rose is so resistant that it also tolerates a summer transplant. The main thing with this method of reproduction is not to damage the mother plant. Another method of vegetative propagation is cuttings from green and woody shoots.

Shoots are rooted in wet sand, or sand with peat (1: 1). For best effect you can use a rooter. Reproduction by seeds is used less frequently: this method is mainly practiced by breeders who create new varieties and varieties.

For such reproduction, it is better to use fresh seeds - then germination will be higher. For better germination, scarification and stratification are also used.

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Source: http://www.pro-rasteniya.ru/krasivotsvetuschie-kustarniki/roza-morschinistaya

Wrinkled rose rugosa: the main features of the care and planting of Alba

wrinkled rose- a very beautiful and undemanding flower for care. Despite its pretty unusual name, this beauty effectively looks and is actively used in landscape design.

The name of this flower in Latin sounds like “rosa rugosa” (read as “rose rugosa”), in Russian it means “wrinkled rose”.

These flowers usually grow in southern cities on the Black Sea coast, but proper care well take root in the northern regions.

Botanists combine several varieties of this plant into a common group called " rosa rugosa". In Russia, the most popular variety is Rosaalba alba wrinkled. Also, many flower growers grow a wrinkled rubra rose. Rosa rugosa is propagated by cuttings. You can buy seedlings for planting in personal plots in nurseries and specialized stores.

Rosa wrinkled alba: main features

This is perennial shrub. Outwardly, it is very reminiscent of a decorative wild rose, which grows in abundance in the gardens and parks of the Russian Middle Strip. If the summer turned out to be hot, and the autumn - warm, with a long "Indian summer", this flower pleases the eye with its wonderful colors until the end of October - the beginning of November. The main features of the plant:

• The plant has slightly twisted leaves, which is why it is called "wrinkled";
• Rugosa variety has lush flowers with a pleasant sweet aroma. They are lilac, light pink, fuchsia and decorative rose hips;
• The fruits of the rugosa variety resemble the fruits of an ornamental wild rose. These are berries of a slightly elongated, oval shape. They have a bright orange color and a characteristic dry "tail" at the end;
• In the absence of pruning, the plant grows intensively and turns into a lush sprawling bush.

In Russia, this plant appeared a very long time ago, back in the nineteenth century. Domestic breeders struggled for a long time to make this graceful shrub at least a little resistant to Russian cold. As a result, several breeds were bred that are distinguished by cold resistance and unpretentious care.

Wrinkled variety of roses: useful properties

This is not only an amazingly beautiful, but also a useful plant. The fruits of this plant can be eaten both raw and in the form of jam or compote. You can also make tea from the dried fruits of the plant in much the same way as tea is brewed from rose hips. The fruits contain:

• High concentration of ascorbic acid;
• Other important vitamins;
• pectins;
• Tannins;
• Natural antioxidants are substances that slow down the oxidative reactions in the body that cause physical aging.

Petals can be boiled delicious jam. The main thing is that these are petals collected on a personal plot, and not in a city square, where it is rather dirty and dusty. Do not use petals that have fallen to the ground to make jam.

Due to the high concentration of natural antioxidants and ascorbic acid, essential oil is actively used in the cosmetics industry.

It is used to make cleansing lotions and anti-aging creams.

Due to its subtle but bright aroma, rugosa rose essential oil is also actively used in the perfume industry for the manufacture of perfumes, colognes and eau de toilette.

The fruits are used in folk medicine. From the dried fruits of the shrub, tea is prepared, as well as decoctions and infusions with medicinal properties. These drugs are used to prevent acute respiratory infections, strengthen immunity, restore the body's defenses.

The fruits ripen together, and therefore it is very convenient to harvest them for the future. Should not be used for harvesting medicinal raw materials fruits growing on outdoor shrubs. If the bush grows near roads with heavy traffic, toxic substances gradually accumulate in its fruits and leaves.

This is due to the constant contact of the rose with aggressive exhaust gases.

Features of care and landing

Rosa rugosa is fairly easy to care for. Landing is necessary in the warm season. The most important events caregivers are:

Because it tender plant afraid of the cold, for the winter it certainly needs to be covered.

Without shelter, she is unlikely to be able to spend the winter, because winters in the Russian Middle Zone are not comparable to winters on the Black Sea coast.

As a covering material, you can use an ordinary dense fabric. Under good cover, the shrub tends to tolerate winter cold and thrive in the spring.

The variety is growing rapidly. In order for the shrub to have a beautiful, neat appearance, it must be cut periodically. Pruning is done with a pruner. It is necessary to carry out the procedure only with gloves, so as not to injure yourself on sharp spikes. The pruned branches are usually burned or taken to the compost heap.

Diseases

Sometimes flower growers notice that a rose bush begins to turn yellow and fall leaves for no apparent reason. It happens that on the leaves appear brown spots unknown origin. All these are characteristic symptoms of fungal infections.

Most often, the intensive reproduction of the fungus is associated with too abundant watering. Usually, as soon as the grower significantly reduces watering, the situation changes for the better. In severe cases, however, it is necessary to resort to the use of industrial fungicides.

If measures are not taken, the fungus will gradually spread to the root system of the plant, and the flower may die.

It happens that the flowers quickly fall off, and the fruits become small, deformed, dry quickly. In this case, the most likely cause is not a disease, but simply a nutritional deficiency. At home, this shrub is accustomed to fertile soils, and the soil of the Russian Center is significantly different from the soil of the Black Sea coast.

In order to solve this problem, you just need to feed it with organic or mineral fertilizers. You can also add compost or peat to the soil,

Rose bushes in landscape design

Rose bushes are very popular from landscape designers. Group plantings of rugosa roses are often found in the gardens and parks of southern cities, and single plantings are found at the entrances and in the front gardens of private houses.

Look beautiful clusters of wrinkled roses planted along roadsides. In order for it to look beautiful, regular pruning is necessary.

Bushes of the same height, planted in a row and decorated with wonderful flowers, look unusually picturesque.

You can plant a wrinkled beauty with other shrubs of the pink family (for example, with Canadian ones). It also looks good in the company of decorative wild rose. Many amateur flower growers plant rugosa in their plots as one of the plants that form hedge. Behind such a fence, you can easily hide your site from inquisitive neighbors.

The plant becomes especially beautiful when the first fruits begin to appear on it, along with luxurious flowers. Dried fruits can be used in various flower arrangements.

You can plant a bush in the front garden, and in the city square, and along quiet park alleys. This shrub is very unpretentious, and therefore grows even where frequent watering not possible, for example, in cemeteries. You can also plant a wrinkled rose in front of the administration building, in front of the entrance to a school or kindergarten.

This plant carefree, but sensitive to cold and temperature fluctuations. It is best to plant it on a hill and in the sunniest place. It is desirable that there are no tall fruit trees near the rose, with their powerful shadow obscuring the sun.

Those who are going to use the fruits of the rose as a medicinal raw material should use aggressive chemicals of industrial production when feeding the shrub as little as possible. The most harmless fertilizer is a diluted mullein.

An excess of minerals contained in purchased fertilizers can be deposited in the leaves, flowers and fruits of a rose, and this is not at all good for health.

Inexperienced flower growers can easily confuse a wrinkled rose with a decorative wild rose. It is quite easy to distinguish these plants from each other.

At first glance, they are very similar, but the leaves of a wrinkled rose cannot be confused with anything. Such unusual, twisted and seemingly deformed leaves are not found in any plant of the pink family.

And the fruits of the rugosa variety are slightly smaller in size than the rose hips.

Every flower grower can plant a rugosa rose on a personal plot. The main thing is to choose a warm, well-lit and, if possible, lofty place.

It is also necessary to carry out pruning in a timely manner, as this contributes to the correct formation of the crown. If you properly care for the plant, it will become a wonderful decoration. personal plot. And the fruits will be of great benefit in the treatment of various diseases.

In order for the plant to develop well, it must be regularly fed and properly prepared for wintering.

Rose wrinkled, wild rose wrinkled, rose rugosa - these are all names of the same plant belonging to the Rosaceae family. The Latin name is Rosa rugosa. Homeland - the Far East, Korea, North China. But over time, thanks to human activities, rose rugosa has spread and lives well not only in gardens as an ornamental plant, but also in the wild in Europe, North America, and North Africa, in all latitudes, except for the tropics and beyond the Arctic Circle. .

Rosehip grows wrinkled in the form of a deciduous bush. Depending on the variety and conditions, it grows up to 3 m in height. The crown is spreading, slightly branched. The main roots go deep and by the age of 6-7 years can grow up to 2.5 m. The lateral roots diverge in breadth closer to the surface and can give abundant shoots. The branches are equipped with reddish thorns bent down. The leaves are pinnate, large, wrinkled, with well-marked veins. Each leaf has 5 to 9 leaflets. The color is dark green, grayish on the underside due to pubescence. Autumn color changes to yellow.

At home, rose rugosa blooms from June to September. We have in the middle lane in the 4th zone - in June-July, lasting about a month. Flowers are simple and double, with a diameter of 3 to 10 cm, grow singly and in groups. The color is white, pink, red with various shades from pink-red to purple-red. In August, fruits ripen, large up to 2.5 cm, round, flattened, coloring from orange to brick red. Fruits are fleshy, edible, contain many useful substances.

Rosehip wrinkled loves sunny places, prefers to be in the sun all daylight hours. In such conditions, it blooms best. The soil needs rich, permeable, but not calcareous. With a high content of lime in the soil, the plant begins to suffer from chlorosis, the leaves turn yellow, fall off. At a young age, while the root system is not sufficiently developed, regular watering is required. The adult wild rose is considered to be drought-resistant and usually receives enough rainfall. Only during dry periods will additional watering be required.

Rosa rugosa loves top dressing. You can feed once in the spring with a long-acting rose fertilizer. You can add a little compost, superphosphate and potash fertilizers 2-3 times per season. But by August, feeding should be stopped so that the young shoots have time to strengthen before frost. Dogrose wrinkled in the climate of the middle zone (zone 4) is frost-resistant without shelter.

The plant tolerates a haircut well. And starting from the age of 3, it should be cut regularly. This is done in the fall. The bush should have 10 to 20 shoots at the age of 1 to 6 years. Young branches that have reached a height of 70-80 cm must be pinched in order to grow side shoots. Branches older than 6 years are cut at the root. Frozen and broken branches are removed in the spring. old bush you can rejuvenate, cut all branches to stumps about 10 cm high. Rejuvenation is carried out in the spring. In general, the bush lives for several decades.

Rose hips are propagated by seeds, semi-lignified cuttings, layering, shoots, dividing the bush. The easiest way is layering and shoots in the spring. To do this, you must first make sure that the young shoot has already grown its young roots, and then cut off the connection with the mother bush and transplant it to a new place with a clod of earth. The cuttings do not root very well. According to statistics, when processing root, one of the 3 takes root. They must be cut from the middle part of the shoot of the current year, thickness 7-8 mm (with a pencil), length - about 20 cm. Leaves and thorns are removed, the lower part is treated with root. At the dacha, we choose a place so that in the very heat, at lunchtime, it is in the shade. We dig a groove about 15 cm deep. Pour sand at the bottom to half the depth of the groove. We stick the cuttings with an interval of about 30 cm, compact. Fall asleep with earth to the level of the soil, compact, water. About a third of the cutting should stick out of the ground. Then we watch until autumn, periodically water. In October, it will be possible to transplant to a permanent place.

For seeds, it is necessary to collect not fully ripened fruits. These rise better. You can sow before winter in open ground. And for reliability, you can put the seeds in the refrigerator for stratification for the winter. Temperature 3-5 C. Sow in seedlings in spring. The sowing depth is about 1 cm. When the seedlings grow up, we transplant them into open ground.

Saplings purchased in stores are best planted on their site in the spring. In areas with a warm climate, it is possible in the fall. It is necessary to choose seedlings with a well-developed root system. Compost, superphosphate and potash fertilizers must be added to the soil at the planting site.

There are quite a few varieties of wrinkled roses. An example is the variety Alba. It differs from the main species only in the color of the flowers, they are white.

Variety F. J. Grootendorst forms an upright shrub up to 1.5 m high with dark green shiny leaves. It blooms with small (up to 4 cm in diameter) semi-double flowers of carmine-red color. The flowers are shaped like carnations. Flowering is plentiful.

Variety Pink Grootendorst differs from the previous one in double pink flowers, collected in inflorescences of several pieces. Often blooms again in autumn.

Conrad Ferdinand Meyer- bush up to 3 m high, fragrant large double flowers of silver-pink color.

Rhineaupark- bush height 0.8 - 1.2 m, bright red double flowers of medium size.

Robusta- bush up to 2 m high, large, simple, blood-red flowers with a slight aroma.

Rugelda- bush up to 2 m high with lemon-yellow densely double fragrant flowers.

For decorative purposes, rugosa rose is also used for group landings, and as a solitaire. With its help, you can create hedges. Due to the abundance of spikes, this will be a difficult obstacle to overcome. For planting in flower beds, small long-flowering terry varieties are more suitable.

When organizing hedges, good partners for roses will be barberry, euonymus. In flowerbeds next to weakly growing varieties of wrinkled roses, they will grow and look good.

Rosehip wrinkled - one of the wonderful representatives of flowering shrubs with decorative and healing fruits.
The most important indicator of the usefulness of the fruits of any plants is the content of vitamins in them. According to this indicator, the absolute champion is - vitamin "C" in rose hips is 100 times more than in and 10 times than in! Moreover, - not in every type of dog rose, but only in cinnamon, or May wild rose(Rosa cinnamomea, or Rosa majalis), which grows in the European part of Russia and Siberia, as well as in wrinkled rosehip, or rosé rugosa(Rosa rugosa), found on the ocean coast of the Far East.

Along with these two types of wild rose, it is widely distributed in nature (especially in the South of Russia and in the Chernozem region) dog rose(Rosa canina), in the small fruits of which vitamin "C" is almost absent. Ironically, they are traded everywhere in the markets. You can distinguish dog rose hips by bracts pressed against the berry, while in other types of rose hips they stand upright. But thorny merchants break off the bracts when drying the fruit...

Benefits of wild rose wrinkled

In order not to get into trouble with useless fruits, there is nothing easier than growing your own beautiful and vitamin rose hips on your site - after all, this plant is extremely unpretentious.

For decorative and medicinal purposes, wrinkled rosehip is most suitable. Firstly, its fruits are very large (up to 3 cm in diameter) and are suitable not only for drying, but also for use in making jam, jam, marshmallow, etc.
Secondly, the wrinkled wild rose has the property of remontance, that is, it blooms and bears fruit constantly until late autumn (unlike the cinnamon wild rose, which blooms only in May, which is why it is called May).

Rosehip wrinkled very decorative all summer, it is ideal for creating a beautiful and impenetrable hedge; especially since by nature this shrub is resistant to cold winds. In addition, since not only fruits are valuable raw materials for rose hips, but also, they can be dried over the summer, and then added to all winter, giving the drinks a unique rose flavor ...

The productivity of the wrinkled wild rose is amazing - from just 1 sq. meters of plantings can be collected by volume of 1-1.5 liters of fruits and 0.5 liters of petals.

Growing wild rose in a hedge

It is very easy to grow wrinkled rose hips in the garden. It is exceptionally hardy and winters without shelter even with low snow cover; resistant to winter thaws and drought, not demanding on soils.
The only requirement for wild rose is for light - when shading, the flowering and fruiting of the shrub weakens. But this requirement is just satisfied when planting rosehip bushes along the edge of the site - in a hedge.

Rosehip is very responsive to fertile soil and watering. Therefore, if we really want to have beautiful hedge and collect good harvests, then when planting rosehip bushes, you need to work a little. Dig a trench (of the required length, 0.5-0.7 meters wide, 30-40 cm deep), fill it with fertile soil. Plant in autumn or in early spring rosehip seedlings with an interval of 0.7-1 m.

Why is it necessary to plant wild rose in a trench, and not in pits, as is usually done with shrub seedlings? Because the wild rose reproduces very quickly by root shoots, and so that it spreads along the hedge and does not “crawl” onto the site or road, a trench is being prepared for this.

Propagation of wild rose seeds

Rosehip seedlings are rarely on sale even in big cities, because. nurseries are reluctant to deal with wild roses due to their prickly nature. But this circumstance cannot be an obstacle for gardeners who want to have this rare and valuable plant.

Everyone can grow seedlings himself, because. wild rose wrinkled breeds well. Moreover, as a natural plant, at the same time it completely transfers all its characteristics to the offspring.
Rosehip seeds have a very thick and durable shell, they are characterized by a long dormant state. Therefore, it is best to sow wild rose before winter. Then the embryo ripens in the soil, and the shell cracks during freezing, and in early spring the rosehip seeds germinate.
You can sow rose hips in winter - in a box, and then put it under the snow.

Finally, you can sow rose hips in early spring, but then the seeds must first be prepared for sowing.
First, you need them (you can rub them with sandpaper to make the hard shell thinner).
Secondly, rosehip seeds must be kept for a long time (for example, they must be kept for about two months in a moist substrate (peat, sawdust, etc.)) at a temperature of about zero degrees, in a refrigerator or in a cellar.

In the first year of life, seedlings of rose hips reach a height of 30 cm. In the second year, these are already meter-long young plants that begin to bush. And in the third year they turn into adult bushes (about 1.5 m high), entering into fruiting.

Collection of petals and rose hips, their use

The wrinkled wild rose has pink or white flowers (garden form Alba), excellent varieties with double flowers have been bred.
Wrinkled rosehip petals can be collected from the bush all summer, with a frequency of 2-3 days (this is how long the flower lives), then dried and stored in glass jars.

Rose hips are harvested from August to October, as they ripen.
Please note that in overripe rose hips - with a bright red color and soft pulp - the amount of vitamins is significantly reduced. Vitamins are also destroyed during prolonged (more than two days) drying of fruits, so it is better to dry rose hips in an oven with the door ajar at a temperature of about 80 degrees.

In the photo: wrinkled rose hips; blooming white-flowered form of wild rose "Alba"

In addition to the record amount of vitamin C, the pulp of wrinkled rose hips contains many other vitamins - B, K, P, as well as various useful substances: carotene, sugars, acids (citric, malic, oleic, folic, etc. .), flavonoids, pectin and tannins, essential oils, macro- and microelements.

Infusions of rose hips, which are often brewed together with, in the form of medicinal tea, are widely used as a multivitamin general tonic that increases efficiency, as well as for atherosclerosis, hypertension, diseases of the liver, kidneys, gastrointestinal tract, anemia, anemia, diabetes mellitus, visual impairment, malignant neoplasms.

Gennady Pavlovich Anisimov (Tomsk)
www.sem-ot-anis.narod.ru

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Sin .: wild rose, svoborina, svorobornik, chiporas, wild rose, shipshina, dog rose, cock berries.

thorn bush with pink fragrant flowers and medicinal fruits. For medicinal purposes, it is used for beriberi.

Ask the experts

flower formula

Rosehip flower formula: Ch5L5T∞P∞.

In medicine

Rose hips are used for the prevention and treatment of hypovitaminosis C and P; as part of complex therapy for asthenic conditions, during the recovery period after infectious and catarrhal diseases, surgical operations.

Rose hips are used in the treatment of allergic skin diseases, atopic dermatitis often associated with dysbacteriosis.

Rose hips are part of many fees and dietary supplements.

In horticulture

Many gardeners grow rose hips as an ornamental and medicinal plant. Rosehip loves well-lit, elevated areas of land with drained soil, winters well and tolerates drought. At favorable conditions the plant begins to bear fruit for 2-3 years.

Many wild species wild rose is used for grafting cultivated roses and as hedges. Rosehip propagates by seeds and vegetatively: cuttings, stem and root cuttings, root offspring and layering.

In cosmetology

Rosehip fruits, petals and leaves are used in cosmetology. Useful material contained in the petals and fruits of the plant, improve skin condition.

Rose hips are used to prepare nourishing and tonic masks that are used for acne, as well as for oily and combination skin care. Refreshing, toning lotions and rose water which is widely used for dry and sensitive skin.

In cooking

Puree, pasta, jam, jam, marmalade, marshmallow, compote, sweets, jelly, kvass, syrups are prepared from rose hips.

Classification

The genus rosehip (synonymous with rose) belongs to the Rosaceae family (lat. Rosaceae). There are about 300 species of plants of this genus, including the beloved garden rose. There are more than 60 types of wild rose. For medicinal purposes, the following types of wild rose are used:

May rosehip (cinnamon rosehip) - R. majalis Herrm. (R. cinnamomea L.),

Rose hips - R. acicularis Lindl,

Rosehip Dahurian - R. davurica Pall.,

Begger's rosehip - R. beggeriana Schrenk,

Rosehip Fedchenko - R. fedtschenkoana Regel,

Dog rosehip - R. canina L.,

Rose hips - R. corymbifera Borkh.,

Rosehip small-flowered - R. micrantha Smith,

Rosehip Kokand - kokanica (Regel) Regel ex Juz.,

Sandy wild rose - R. psammophila Chrshan.,

Rosehip felt - R. tomentosa Smith,

Rosehip Zangezur - R. zangezura P. Jarosch.,

Rosehip wrinkled - R. rugosa Thunb.

Botanical description

Rosehip is a shrub that can reach a height of up to 2 meters. Rosehip cinnamon (May) has drooping stems covered with unpaired leaves, which have stipules at the base on both sides. Most often, the leaf consists of 5 or 7 ovate-elliptical leaflets, along the edge of the toothed leaflets, with two stipules. Stems and leaves have hard spines. The flowers are light pink-red. From the fleshy receptacle, a false fruit of various shapes develops: from spherical, ovoid or oval to strongly elongated fusiform; fruit length 0.7-3 cm, diameter - 0.6-1.7 cm. On the top of the fruit there is a small round hole or pentagonal platform. The fruits consist of an overgrown fleshy, when ripe, juicy receptacle (hypanthium) and numerous fruitlets - nuts - enclosed in its cavity. Inside the fruits are abundantly lined with long, very stiff bristly hairs. Nuts are small, oblong, with weakly expressed edges. Rosehip ripens in August-September. Rosehip flower formula - CH5L5T∞P∞.

Types of wild rose

Rosehip Daurian has a black-purple color of the branches; at wild rose branches densely covered with thin, straight, uniform bristles, often with 2 thin spinules at the base of the leaf. Rosehip wrinkled has red flowers and very large fruits. dog rose has pale pink flowers, bright red fruits, sepals are bent down and fall off after fruit ripening.

Spreading

Rosehip cinnamon distributed throughout the European part of Russia, in Western and Eastern Siberia, reaches Lake Baikal. Grows in Belarus, Ukraine. Rosehip Daurian distributed in the southern regions of Eastern Siberia and the Far East. Rose hips grows in the forest zone, entering the tundra, has an extensive range - from the Pacific Ocean to Karelia. The southern border of the range passes through Northern Kazakhstan, along the Volga to the west to the Gulf of Finland. Rosehip wrinkled distributed in the Far East. dog rose distributed in Russia, growing in Ukraine and the Caucasus.

Rosehip usually grows in floodplains, in meadows, in sparse forests, on edges, glades, clearings, among bushes, along ravines.

Distribution regions on the map of Russia.

Procurement of raw materials

Rose hips (Rosae fructus) are used as medicinal raw materials. The fruits are harvested during their full ripening (in August-September, sometimes in October), when they become bright red, orange, brownish-red, brownish-black, depending on the species, color and remain firm. Fruit picking must be completed before frost. During drying, fruits touched by frost lose most of their vitamins. The collected fruits are dried in the sun, in attics, but best of all in dryers at a temperature of 80-90ºС.

Chemical composition

Rose hips contain ascorbic acid (2.5 - 5.5%), vitamins B 2 , K, P, riboflavin, carotenoids: provitamin A, lycopene, cryptoxanthin, etc., flavonoids (quercetin, kaempferol, isoquercetin, tiliroside), anthocyanins , fatty oil, sugars (up to 18%), pectin substances (14%), organic acids (up to 1.8%): malic and citric, tannins (4-5%). Rosehip seeds contain a fatty oil rich in carotene and vitamin E.

Pharmacological properties

Infusion of rose hips helps to increase the body's nonspecific resistance, enhance tissue regeneration and hormone synthesis, reduce vascular permeability, takes part in carbohydrate and mineral metabolism, and has some choleretic effect.

The biological activity of the fruits of the plant is determined by ascorbic acid. It has well-pronounced reducing properties, is a participant in catalytic processes occurring in the tissues of the body, in the form of components of complex enzyme systems - coenzymes, participates in the process of interaction between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. The protective effect of ascorbic acid in C-avitaminosis has been established.

Ascorbic acid and dehydroascorbic acid, formed during its oxidation, stimulate the body's resistance to harmful environmental influences, infections and other adverse factors, and facilitate the course of the disease.

Ascorbic acid also has an anti-sclerotic effect. It reduces the concentration of cholesterol in the blood and slows down the process of deposition of cholesterol plaques in the walls of blood vessels.

Rose hips and preparations from them have an antiscorbutic effect, are able to stimulate the function of the adrenal glands for the synthesis of hormones, have anti-inflammatory and diuretic properties.

Ascorbic acid deficiency is observed in people experiencing prolonged physical and neuropsychic stress. The human body is not capable of synthesizing ascorbic acid, therefore, it must receive it from the outside in preventive and medicinal purposes, especially in cases where the disease occurs due to its lack.

The daily requirement for an adult is 50 mg, and with a large physical activity it increases to 75-100 mg. The need for ascorbic acid increases to 75 mg in pregnant women, and in nursing mothers - up to 100 mg. For children 7 years old, the need is 30-35 mg, over 7 years old - 50 mg.

Ascorbic acid plays important role in the nutrition of human eye tissues (especially a lot of ascorbic acid is found in the lens of the eye, its content decreases with the development of cataracts), therefore rosehip preparations have been used in the treatment of eye diseases caused by vascular disorders.

In the treatment of bronchial asthma, the therapeutic effect is based on a decrease in the content of fibrinogen and globulins in the blood serum, the amount of which increases in response to the intake of foreign proteins in the body.

Application in traditional medicine

In folk medicine, rosehip tea is used to improve health, especially for coughs and colds (pneumonia, bronchopneumonia, bronchiectasis). Rosehip syrup or puree is used for reduced appetite. Fresh fruits are used as an anthelmintic. Rosehip seeds are used against stones in the urinary tract, as a mild diuretic for rheumatism and gout.

Rosehip seed oil is used to lubricate nipple cracks, trophic ulcers, burns, bedsores, and radiation damage to the skin. For dermatitis, it is used internally and externally.

Ascorbic acid is used for hemorrhagic diathesis, hemophilia, various kinds bleeding (nasal, pulmonary, uterine), with radiation sickness, accompanied by hemorrhages, poisoning with anticoagulants, infectious diseases, liver diseases, intoxication with industrial poisons, and in many other cases.

Rosehip is also used as a choleretic agent for cholecystitis, hepatitis and gastrointestinal diseases, especially those associated with a decrease in bile secretion.

History reference

As far back as the 11th century, the wild rose was known under the name "Rose of Cain", which means "Dog Rosehip" in Greek. Perhaps the name is due to the fact that the root of the shrub helped in the treatment of rabies from dog bites. According to another version, this is a derogatory name, indicating worst grade wild roses.

The ancient Romans considered the plant a symbol of morality, the Greeks planted rose gardens around the temple of the goddess of love and beauty Aphrodite, and decorated the path of the newlyweds with rose petals.

Medicinal properties plants were well known and appreciated in Ancient Greece. In the 4th century BC, Theophrastus in his Natural History gave such a detailed description of the plant that it passed from book to book for many centuries. Ludwig Graeber's herbalist has a recipe from 1563 for using rosehip powder to strengthen the gums. The plant's rose oil served a good remedy for wound healing, at a time when reliable methods of sterilization and antiseptics were not yet known.

The ancient Slavs also appreciated the medicinal properties of wild rose and used it to heal wounds. True, they did not know how to isolate rose oil, but were treated with rose water. Beneficial features rose hips are mentioned in old Russian medical books. In Russia, rose hips were used to treat and prevent bleeding gums. In the 16th-17th centuries, Russian tsars equipped special expeditions to the Orenburg steppes to harvest the fruits of the plant. During the Russian-Turkish war, in the first military hospital in Moscow, the wounded were given "svoroborin molasses" to maintain strength and treatment. Remembering this tradition, doctors of military hospitals during the Great Patriotic War for wound healing, an aqueous decoction of rose hips was used.

Rosehip treated the most various diseases: from a cold to rabies, but in the 19th century, scientific medicine became disillusioned with a medicinal plant and treated it coldly. The former glory returned to rose hips with the discovery of vitamins in it.

Literature

1. Medicinal plants of the State Pharmacopoeia. Pharmacognosy. (Edited by I.A. Samylina, V.A. Severtsev). - M., "AMNI", 1999.

2. Mashkovsky M.D. "Medications". In 2 volumes - M., New Wave Publishing House LLC, 2000.

3. "Phytotherapy with the basics of clinical pharmacology", ed. V.G. Kukes. – M.: Medicine, 1999.

4. P.S. Chikov. "Medicinal plants" M.: Medicine, 2002.

5. Sokolov S.Ya., Zamotaev I.P. Handbook of medicinal plants (phytotherapy). – M.: VITA, 1993.

6. Mannfried Palov. "Encyclopedia medicinal plants". Ed. cand. biol. Sciences I.A. Gubanov. Moscow, Mir, 1998.

7. Turova A.D. "Medicinal plants of the USSR and their application". Moscow. "The medicine". 1974.

8. Lesiovskaya E.E., Pastushenkov L.V. "Pharmacotherapy with the basics of herbal medicine." Tutorial. – M.: GEOTAR-MED, 2003.

9. Medicinal plants: A reference guide. / N.I. Grinkevich, I.A. Balandina, V.A. Ermakova and others; Ed. N.I. Grinkevich - M .: Higher School, 1991. - 398 p.

10. Nosov A.M. "Medicinal Plants". –M. : EKSMO-Press, 2000.- 350 p.

11. Plants for us. Reference manual / Ed. G.P. Yakovleva, K.F. Pancake. - Publishing house "Educational book", 1996. - 654 p.

12. Medicinal plant materials. Pharmacognosy: Proc. allowance / Ed. G.P. Yakovlev and K.F. Pancake. - St. Petersburg: SpecLit, 2004. - 765 p.

13. Plant resources of the USSR: flowering plants, their chemical composition, use; Family Asteraceae (Compositae) / executive editor P.D. Sokolov; Russian Acad. Sciences Botanic. in - t im. V.L. Komarova - St. Petersburg: Nauka, 1993. - S. 145-148.

14. Formazyuk V.I. "Encyclopedia of food medicinal plants: Cultural and wild plants in practical medicine. (Under the editorship of N.P. Maksyutina) - K .: A.S.K. Publishing House, 2003. - 792 p.

15. T.A. Vinogradova, corresponding member. International Academy of Ecology and Life Safety Sciences, Ph.D. medical sciences; V.M. Vinogradov, doctor of medical sciences, prof., V.K. Martynov, Honored Teacher of the Russian Federation. "Practical Phytotherapy" (edited by Prof. B.N. Gazhev). M.: Publishing house "EKSMO-Press"; St. Petersburg: "Valery SPD", 2001.

Latin name. Rosa rugosa Thunb

Chinese name. ?? meigui / meigui

Family. Rosaceae - Rosaceae

Life form. deciduous shrub

Botanical description. Stems 1-2 m tall, up to 4 cm in diameter, pubescent, with an admixture of numerous spines and setae; thorns on stems abundant, straight, rarely slightly bent, thin, short. Leaves pinnate, 5-22 cm long. Leaflets 5-9 in number, the largest reach 2.5-6.0 cm long, elliptical or almost round, thick, strongly wrinkled, dark green on the upper side, glabrous, glossy, pubescent on the lower side, gray-green, with 13-24 simple short blunt teeth on each side. Stipules are wide, with triangular sharp ears. Leaf petioles are felt-hairy, with a few small spines or without them. The flowers are fragrant, solitary or in three to six-flowered inflorescences, 6-12 cm in diameter. Pedicels 1.0-2.5 cm long, glabrous or tomentose-pubescent. Petals are large, carmine red or dark pink. Style head spherical or flattened, woolly. Hypanthia ("fruits") are large, flattened-spherical, less often spherical, fleshy, bright red, 2-4 cm long, at the top with remaining erect sepals.

Phenology. Blooms in July-early August; fruits ripen throughout the autumn.

Area. In Russia, it is found in the wild only along the sea coast of Primorsky Krai, southern Kamchatka, Kuril Islands, Sakhalin, eastern regions of the Khabarovsk Territory. Outside of Russia, it is found in Japan, Korea, Northeast and East China.

Habitat. It grows along the sea coast and in the mouths of rivers flowing into the sea, on slightly soddy sandy and pebble deposits.

Cultivation. It is widely cultivated in the forest and steppe zone of the European part of Russia, in Southern Siberia, Primorsky Krai and many provinces of China.

Raw material. Dried flower buds - ??? meiguihua / meiguihua (Flores Rosae rugosae).

Chemical composition. Flowers contain 0.25-0.38% essential oil(in its composition: linalool, geraniol, nerol, eugenol, citronellol, citronellyl formate, geranyl formate, linalyl formate, geranyl acetate, phenylethyl acetate, benzyl formate, phenethyl, benzyl, nonyl and heptyl alcohols; nonanal, benzaldehyde, g-nonanolactone), anthocyanins (peonin, peonidin , cyanidin), vitamin C, tannins (rugosins A, B, C, D, E, F, G; stricttinin, isostrictinin, pedunculagin, tellimagrandins I and II; 1,2,3-tri-O-galloyl-β- D-glucose; 1,2,6-tri-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose).

biological activity. Eliminates qi stagnation, regulates blood circulation. Relieves pain. In Chinese medicine, the flowers of this rose are prescribed for diseases of the stomach, liver and heart. In Korean medicine, the flowers are considered an analgesic, astringent, and improve the taste and smell of medicines. In the experiment, their aqueous extract slows down the rate of formation of thrombin and fibrin.

Indications for use. Pain in the "pit of the stomach" (in the epigastrium), lack of appetite, nausea and vomiting caused by qi stagnation. Violation of the normal course of menstruation. Traumatic pain. Preparations from flowers are prescribed for rheumatic diseases, injuries, bruises, intercostal neuralgia, dyspepsia, acute and chronic dysentery.

Contraindications. No.

Application. Assign 1.5-6.0 g of flowers per day

© A.I. Schroeter, B.G. Valentinov, E.M. Naumova

Handbook "Natural raw materials of Chinese medicine" (in 3 volumes), volume I, Moscow, 2004