How easy is it to bend a handrail for a spiral staircase? How to make a spiral staircase yourself: types of construction. Materials for manufacturing. Calculations, Manufacturing steps and railings. Ladder assembly

A beautiful and comfortable spiral staircase is quite simple and is great for organizing the transition to the attic or attic floor.

The main feature of screw structures is their unusual shape. Externally, the console of the building looks like a petal with rounded edges. The main advantage of the device is a significant space saving in the house.

Most often it is located in vertical position, without having inclined straight steps. Despite the fact that it is not entirely comfortable to go up such a ladder, the whole structure can occupy only 1 sq. m.

The structural part of the stairs of the spiral plan may differ. Fixation flight of stairs done radially. If you pay attention to the horizontal cut of the screw in the diagrams, you will notice that it can be polygonal or round.

Types of spiral staircases:

• with leaning on the wall and supporting structure;
• supported by special support stands.
• based on a fence or on curved bowstrings;
• with pinching in the support column.

For construction, you can use the most a variety of materials. Most owners prefer to build structures from concrete, wood or metal.

Advantages and disadvantages

• They do not clutter up the space, so they occupy the minimum amount of free space in the room. They are easy to install in small rooms;
• Subject to choice high quality materials and compliance with all construction rules, this design has a stylish and modern design, therefore, it can be not only a means of transportation, but also serve as a home decoration;
• Compared to other types of stairs, the cost of spiral stairs is an order of magnitude lower, so home owners do not have to overpay for anything;
• Designs can be placed both against the wall and in the middle of the room;
• Marches can be installed with a narrow side to the main central support or a wide part attached to the wall.

Screw structures have only one drawback. The bottom line is that you can’t go up and down quickly, and not hold on to the railing. Otherwise, it can result in all sorts of injuries. To reduce the risk of getting, it is preferable to install marches with wider steps.

Professionals are advised to start making a drawing with detailed plan the first floor and an indication of the area where it will be installed. The plan must include the exact dimensions of the opening, taking into account the given scale.

Rotary canvases, as a result of which the shape of the steps changes, must also be drawn in detail, while all proportions must be respected. On a separate diagram, circular lifting angles are indicated.

Structural calculation

The calculation of details must be carried out with special care, otherwise errors will cause discomfort and bruises.

The calculation must be carried out according to the following rules:

• According to accepted standards, the minimum step length should be about 150 mm with a height of 300 mm. You should not violate these parameters, as this may lead to a decrease in the level of security. Maximum performance vary about 140-160 mm in length and 280-300 in height.
• An important factor is the angle of inclination. Naturally, the higher this indicator, the less space. Acceptable values ​​range from 23º to 45º. The most popular angle of inclination is from 25º to 35º. An inclination angle of more than 45º is too sharp, so you can only climb the stairs with your back forward. But if the slope is less than 23º, it is more logical to mount the ramp.

For the production of steps, wood with a denser texture is often used - tanned beech. Brittle breeds should be avoided, as they are not able to withstand the high loads that fall on them.

Thickness finished elements should not be less than 50 mm if the height of the structure should not exceed 2 m. If the height of the structure is increased, then the thickness of the steps should be at least 60 mm. The number of steps is determined by dividing the height of the opening by the rise up.

The material used must be thoroughly dried and processed. It should be noted that with uneven drying, after installation, the tree gradually begins to lose moisture and deform, acquiring the shape of a propeller.

Moreover, a damaged step must be replaced immediately after the defect appears, otherwise one step may pull other elements along with it, violating the strength of the structure. That is why professionals advise to purchase already planed material.

Due to its economy and low cost, wooden structures are especially popular. As a plan, you can use ready-made drawings developed by professionals.

As for the advantages of this type of device, it is undoubtedly fire resistance, the possibility of combining various materials, modern design, ease of installation and durability.

Many modern house owners who follow fashion trends and their homes install spiral staircases not only in the interior, but also outside.

This is due to the fact that metal materials least of all endure climatic influences of various kinds and endure bad weather.

For construction supporting structure used concrete, metal, wood and brick pillars. They are attached using elements welded to the pipe, bolts and couplings.

Steps are most easily fixed to a wooden rack. For this, bars, metal corners, etc. are used. The rack must be firmly fixed and able to withstand the total mass of all components and a person with a large body weight.

A spiral staircase is simply indispensable for the interior of rooms with a limited area, or in cases where it is necessary to maintain a certain architectural style.

A screw can be made of wood, metal, composites, or all of these materials in combination. It depends on the choice of the owners of the building, on the skill and capabilities of the master, as well as on the general interior design of the room, into which the created structure will fit.

Since this kind of staircase in itself is not only functional, but also decorative element, it is suitable for almost any style of interior. For example, in a room made in a "rustic" style, "country" is perfect with massive steps, and for an interior in which there is a pronounced predominance of the "modern" style, it will be necessary to purchase or order forged balusters or steps with metal "laces".

For each of existing options finishes can be selected design solution, and the material from which the staircase will be made.

Positive and negative points of spiral staircases

Like all interior details, spiral staircases have their positive and negative sides, which you must be aware of when choosing just such an option for a device in a particular room.

1. The advantages of this type of stairs include:

• Compact design. Most often, this circumstance is decisive when choosing a ladder for small spaces. And if the room has a low ceiling, then the screw model usually visually makes it a little higher.
• Unlike mid-flight stairs, the spiral model does not take up much space on the ground floor and does not require a large opening in the ceiling, which means you can save usable area and the second floor.

One of the main advantages spiral staircase- space saving

• A spiral staircase is perfect as an additional, internal staircase, for example, if the main one is located with outer side building. The main ladder is needed to lift large items upstairs, such as furniture and household appliances, and it will be difficult to do without a screw in the winter.
• Choosing this option, you can save not only on the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe rooms, but also on the total cash costs. A spiral staircase is often much cheaper than a marching staircase - due to the smaller amount of materials needed for its manufacture, as well as, in some cases- because of the ease of installation.
• This original item gives the interior an exclusivity, which for many owners of mansions is also an important, and sometimes a predetermining factor.

2. This design also has its significant disadvantages:

• The main thing that can be attributed to the negative aspects is the impossibility or extreme difficulty of lifting large objects along the screw structure.
• If there is a residential, frequently visited premises on the second floor and the tenants of the apartment have to go up and down the stairs several times a day, then this circumstance can adversely affect the structure, and possibly even well-being. Therefore, it is best to arrange a bedroom on the second floor, where they do not rise so often, or, as mentioned above, you can have the main marching ladder and screw - as a decorative.

The main types of spiral staircases

Spiral staircases share several main varieties, depending on the design and fastening of the steps. But in all cases, the steps are fixed radially with small turns of each successive one, forming some semblance of the direction of the thread of a conventional screw, hence the name of this model of stairs.

If you look at the stairs from above, you can see a round or polygonal flight of stairs.

• The latter is formed if part of the steps is fixed not only on the central pillar, but also on one or two walls. This type of stairs is placed in a narrow niche with limited space or in a corner. In the figure above, this option is number one.

• The second figure shows a view of the stairs, in which the steps are cantilevered on the inner central post.

• In the third version, the steps are fixed on a support pole and on bent bowstrings and a fence.

Option without a central post at all - with bent bowstrings

• In the last type of spiral staircase shown in the figure, the steps are fixed on the casing and supported on the other side curved railings.

The steps are "gathered" on the central vertical rack

These are the main, most used types of screw structures, but there are others that are more complex and can only be made by professional craftsmen.

Find out which system is better to choose from our new article.

Elements of screw design

To understand how and what kind parts must be made for a spiral staircase, you must know what they are called, where they are located and what mounted in the manner. Therefore, before moving on to further action, it is worth addressing this issue.

1 — Stair steps.

2 — The final upper platform of the structure.

3 — Supporting post for handrails and balustrades.

4 — The central cylindrical support column, which can be called the basis of the entire structure.

5 — Cylinders constituting the central column.

6 — racks to support the handrail and fastening the turns of the spiral staircase together.

7 — Jumpers.

8 — Helical handrail

9 — Second floor fence.

In addition to these elements themselves, it is necessary to know the way they are connected in various nodes of the structure:

• Node "A" - connection of the central support post or compression pipe of the stairs with the fence on the second floor.

A handrail is put on a screw or bolt fixed in the back of the support post, in which a special through hole is arranged.

• Node "B" - shows the threaded connection of the swaging pipe section with the sleeve installed in the hole of the stage.
• Node "B" - installation on casing pipe washers and sleeve, which performs a decorative and clamping role.
• Node "G" - connection of the support post with the base, which is fixed to the floor.

Video: prefabricated modular spiral staircase "Dream"

Important nuances in the calculations, manufacture and installation of stairs

In order for the stairs to be comfortable and safe for climbing and descending, it is recommended that at all stages of work - when making calculations, during the manufacture and installation of the structure, follow the recommendations and rules developed and tested by experienced specialists.

• The width of the step in its middle, which is most often stepped on during ascent and descent, is not recommended to be less than 200 mm.
• The supporting center post, for safety reasons, must not have a diameter less than 50 mm.
• It is not recommended to install risers on a spiral staircase, as they can interfere with the full setting of a person's foot on the surface of the step. This can lead to slipping of the foot and to an accidental fall, and as a result, there is a high risk of injury.
• Each of the turns of the stairs must have at least 11 ÷ 12 steps.
• It is recommended to calculate the height of the turns of the structure taking into account the maximum growth of the residents of the house, it is even advisable to take it with a margin of 100 ÷ 200 mm. If the wrong calculation is made to the smaller side, then in some sections of the stairs you will have to bend over so as not to hit your head. Agree that using such a structure will be extremely inconvenient.

Calculation of parameters of a spiral staircase

Before proceeding with the manufacture of staircase elements, it is necessary to carry out careful calculations, otherwise the design may simply be unsafe.

The first thing they start with is a general drawing and calculation of parameters

The passage width of a spiral staircase usually varies between 700 and 1000 mm.

To understand how to correctly calculate the parameters, we can take the average statistical data as an example. For example, the width of the passage of the stairs will be equal to 900 mm, its height is 2700 mm, and the diameter of the central support column - 300 mm.

First you need to determine the overall diameter of the spiral staircase, in the projection - a top view. To do this, you need to take two passage widths of the stairs (900×2) and add to the result the diameter of the support post:

(900 × 2) + 300 = 2100 mm

In this circle, you need to enter another one, which will show the trajectory of a person walking up the stairs. The radius of the second circle will be equal to the sum of the radii of the supporting central post and the width of the stairs, divided in half.

(900 + 150) : 2 = 575 mm

Next, it is necessary to determine how many steps there will be in each complete turn of the structure. To calculate this parameter, you need to take the value of the average step width. Since the usual width of this element is 400 ÷ 450 mm at the outer fence, approximately 250 mm can be taken for calculation in the middle (along the trajectory of a person’s movement).

Then, the circumference of the trajectory of movement must be divided by the average width of the step.

(2 × 3.14 × 575) : 250 = 14.44 pieces

In this case, rounding is done up and the result is 15 steps.

The next step is to find the height of the steps. For this purpose, the first circle is divided into 15 equal parts. It should be borne in mind that the last and first stages of the coil should be located between each other according to the height of a person who is tall enough, for example, 1900 mm. Adding to this parameter another reserve - about 100 mm. In addition, it is necessary to take into account the thickness of the step, for example, it will be 30 mm. Total turns out

1900 + 100 + 30 = 2030 mm

Further, knowing all the calculated parameters, you can easily find out the height of each of the steps (unless, of course, their placement is planned at the same height interval). To do this, the height of the coil must be divided by the number of steps:

2030 : 15 = 135.33 ≈ 135 mm

In order to find out the total number of steps in the staircase, you need its height - from the floor of the first floor to the level of the second, divided by the height of the step.

2700 : 135 = 20 steps.

Total for the entire climb the stairs will make 20 : 15 = 1,(33) full turnover, or describe a full turn and plus another 120 degrees.

Use winder or spiral staircase with a description.

Manufacturing of construction details

support post

For the supporting central rack use metal pipes, concrete, brick and wooden poles.

Steps can be fixed to metal, concrete or brick using elements welded to the pipe, couplings or bolts.

To wooden rack fixing steps is much easier. For this, any methods can be used, ranging from metal corners to wooden blocks installed vertically in the gaps between the steps.

The rack must be strong and calmly withstand the total mass of all structural elements and a large person with luggage on the stairs. In addition, the central support post must be securely fastened at the top and bottom.

The diameter of a rack made of metal (pipe) must be at least 50 mm, and made of other materials - from 150 to 500 mm and even sometimes more.

Step manufacturing

For the manufacture of steps, a tree with a dense structure is most often chosen - beech or oak, but other species are often used. However, it is better not to choose fragile woods such as pine or spruce, as they may not withstand the heavy load that falls on these parts of the stairs.

• When choosing a material for steps, you need to know that the thickness of the finished parts must be at least 50 mm, provided that the height of the stairs does not exceed 2 meters. If the overall design is higher, then the thickness of the steps should be greater - at least 60 mm.
• The material for the manufacture of parts must be moderately dried and processed. It is best to purchase an already planed board. With uneven drying of wood, it can, gradually losing moisture, deform, acquiring the shape of a propeller or tray. Worst of all, if this starts to happen after the workpiece is installed in general design. Most likely, the deforming step will have to be replaced, otherwise it will “pull” the rest of the parts with it, violating the overall strength of the assembly.

Given all these circumstances, and based on the experience of the craftsmen, it is recommended to use glued wood for the manufacture of steps, which can be done independently using bars of the required thickness. The panel of bars should have a length equal to the length steps, and in width - to accommodate two steps laid in the opposite direction.

• The bars are assembled into a common panel, and it is very important to ensure that adjacent parts have a structural pattern of fibers directed in opposite directions. The bars are glued together and pulled together with clamps, and in this position this assembly is left to dry completely.
• In order not to resort to measurements in the manufacture of each part constantly, it is best to make a step template, with which the shape and size will be transferred to the prepared glued panels with very high accuracy.

The template is made according to the parameters obtained as a result of pre-calculations. Be sure to remember that after cutting the workpiece, the steps will be subjected to final processing, therefore, it is also necessary to provide for a certain allowance, approximately 5 mm, and make the template already taking into account this amendment.

• Using a template for transferring the shape of a step onto a glued panel, it is especially important to accurately transfer the size of the wide side of the step and the hole. (if provided) under the rack. The correctness, ease and quality of installation of the structure will directly depend on the correctly transferred parameters. Naturally, it is equally important to accurately transfer other dimensions (the width of the middle and narrow parts), but they will not seriously affect the build quality.
• Since the uppermost step is a kind of platform that connects the stairs and the floors of the second floor, it is much larger.

It can be marked and sawn out using a template made for ordinary steps, only then slightly increasing the size. The figure clearly shows the process of calculating and marking the upper step-platform on a blank-panel glued from bars.

Sometimes the size of the length of this element is increased so that the platform can rest with its wide side on interfloor overlap which will make the ladder more durable. In addition to the length, the width of this step is also made larger, which will improve its performance.

• After marking the steps, they are cut out, and then processed on special carpentry machines or brought to readiness manually.
• If holes are provided for mounting steps on a support post, then they are selected with a specially selected cutter, only after all the elements have been sawn out.

Several steps are stacked, securely fixed to each other on both sides, and then holes are drilled for the support. Using this "batch" method of cutting holes, you can get a more accurate location of them, which will help to further facilitate the installation of the structure.

Read the article on your own detailed descriptions actions.

Production of racks and balusters

• For the manufacture of racks, it is necessary to have glued beams with a section size of at least 50 × 50 mm and lathe. You can, of course, install well-crafted square bars in the form of racks, but round balusters with a certain relief pattern are traditional. In the absence of the possibility of self-production of such elements, they can be purchased in finished form.

• To ensure structural rigidity, the end posts are shaped so that they can connect two steps at once - this is also necessary in order to eliminate the risk of turning the step on the support pipe.
• It should be noted that baluster racks can be glued into drilled holes, fixed on top of the steps with special fasteners, or put on and glued to the steps using saw cuts made at the bottom of the balusters, half of their cross section.

The calculation of the installation location of the balusters is well shown in the drawing below.

Later, it will be necessary to mark and saw off the upper part of the racks at the right angle, which will depend on the slope and turns of the stairs.

stair railing

Curved wooden railings look great on a spiral staircase, but making them yourself is a very difficult task. high level difficulties. So, necessary details can be performed in several ways, none of which can be called simple:

- sawing separate parts railings from solid pieces of wood, and then assembling them together;

- sawing railings from bars glued together;

- gluing an element of thin wood veneer.

Making bent wooden handrails is a task for real masters

For the manufacture of railings, you will need not only the appropriate material, but also a tool that provides the desired bend, and at the same time fixes the bent element in the desired position.

Therefore, in order not to waste time and effort on the manufacture of bent handrails (especially without a special guarantee of success), they can be ordered from specialized manufacturing companies involved in the manufacture of complex wooden structures, including ladders and accessories for them.

The master on the spot will determine under what radius to make a bend, take all the parameters of the stairs and make a handrail, as well as a plinth, if it is also in the project.

The owner of the house will only have to install these elements on the stairs during its installation, although this work can also be entrusted to the masters.

If there is a need to save on handrails made of wood, you can order their production from another material, for example, from plastic, which perfectly imitates the textured pattern of wood. Another version of the railing is a combined one, that is, made of metal and plastic.

However, whatever type of railing is chosen, its installation and fixing occurs last.

How is the installation

• Having determined the installation location of the ladder, it is marked in such a way that the structure, conceived for installation at a certain distance from the wall, does not rest against it.

If the structure will be fixed in a certain way on the wall, for it it is also necessary to accurately calculate the installation location of the central rack and the shape of the opening in the ceiling.

• The first step is to make markings on the ceiling, determining the center of the circle, which should later be cut into the ceiling and will subsequently serve as a passage to the second floor.

Determination of centers - on the ceiling and on the floor

• Having determined this point, using a plumb line, it is accurately projected onto the floor. This mark will become the installation location of the support column.
• Further, an opening of the desired shape is cut out in the ceiling, and its edges are immediately decorated decoratively.

• The next step is the installation of the support post, if it is monolithic.

If ready-made sets of spiral staircases are used, then their prefabricated parts - a support column, consisting of separate elements, and steps that are immediately fixed on the column, are mounted at the same time.

An example diagram of such an assembly is presented above.

If the steps are mounted on a monolithic stand made of concrete or brick, then the places are marked on it, on which special brackets are fixed with the help of anchor elements or welding. Steps will be laid and fixed on them.

• If the rack will have large diameter and is made of wood, then for the installation of steps it is easiest to use bars that have a height of the distance between the steps, which will be obtained during preliminary calculations.

The bars are fixed vertically to precisely marked places on the pole, using powerful self-tapping screws. The size of the bars can be 30 × 50 or 50 × 50 mm in cross section. This method of fastening can safely be called the simplest, the main thing is to prepare right amount bars of the required dimensions.

• Under the first step on its wide side, it is possible to provide a reliable stand on the floor from a larger bar, which must be carefully processed.
• The upper step-platform lays on the floors of the second floor and is securely fixed.

• Further, when all the steps are exposed, balusters are installed on them, but not yet fixed, since they need to be marked for cutting at the required angle, which will correspond to the slope of the stairs.

The angle of their cut is easy to determine, for this process you will need to make a simple template in the form of a triangle. How to do it right is shown in the diagram below.

When all the balusters are marked, they are carefully cut down, installed and fixed to the prepared fasteners (holes, tongues or grooves), but, in addition to them, it is recommended to additionally fix wooden balusters on glue.

• Further, a handrail is installed on the balusters, which is fixed to them with the help of self-tapping screws, twisted at an angle. To avoid damage to the rack, first you need to drill a channel for the self-tapping screw with an appropriate drill (usually Ø 3 mm is used), and then a thin, but rather long self-tapping screw is screwed into this hole.

Instead, some craftsmen use ordinary nails, however, given the fragile twisted construction stairs, it is better to use self-tapping screws.

• To make the structure more durable, it is possible to fix a wide twisted plinth along the entire length of the stairs, from its outer side.

Having completed the installation of the stairs, you can proceed to its final finishing. You can cover it with paint, which will help fit the design into overall design, or you can use stains and colored or colorless varnish on wood.

If you decide to make and install a spiral staircase yourself, then the main thing in this matter is to make the design as convenient, reliable and safe as possible, especially if elderly people and small children live in the house.

In the absence of experience and skills in such work, it is better to entrust this process to a qualified master. Last resort, you can do the installation of the finished structure, the set of parts of which is made by professionals. In this case, it will be necessary to accurately, down to the smallest detail, fulfill all technological recommendations specified in the instructions that are attached to such a set.

Video: installation of a finished spiral staircase kit

The compact design of the spiral staircase ideally combines lightness and strength, introduces an element of originality and unusualness into the interior, and at the same time has a number of other practical and applied advantages.

Consider the technology of the device of a spiral staircase, what material to use, how to calculate and how to make structural elements.

Pros of spiral staircases

• Firstly, the spiral staircase does not take up much space, since it is located around a special support and, as it were, “hangs” in the air. When limited area, is a weighty argument. Enough 1.5 square meters. m for a device of this design.

• Secondly, the cost of a spiral staircase is somewhat less than the price of building the usual ones.

• Thirdly, a rather simple manufacturing principle, of course, you need to have certain skills and tools, but it is quite possible to do it on your own.

• Fourthly, the efficiency of use in your own houses or apartments, where there is no heavy traffic of people and you can safely go up to the second floor.

It is important to remember that the steps of the screw structure are not very wide and with a fairly steep climb, this becomes a source of increased danger. Therefore, it is recommended not to walk very fast on such a structure and follow the rules of caution. You can compensate for this shortcoming by arranging reliable handrails. Even more important is the exact calculation of the dimensions of the stairs and, in particular, winder steps and tread width (horizontal surface).

In fact, you can make a spiral staircase for the house, which will become an exquisite component of the room, on your own, keeping in mind the nuances that are of fundamental importance:

1. Professionals advise for comfortable movement to make a span of at least 100 cm, then the width of the structure is a little more than two meters, provided that the bearing support will have a diameter of 20-50 mm.


2. An inexpensive and at the same time reliable option, which is one of the most common, is considered to be a design when the steps are fixed on a bearing support and screw handrails with balusters.


3. Another design, with bent-glued handrails, with steps and risers fixed to them without building a support in the center, is much more expensive and requires more labor.

Taken in a horizontal plane, the stair screw can be in the form of a circle or a polygon (when the structure is near the walls). To install the steps, recesses are made in the wall, where bookmarks are prepared for subsequent installation.

What materials are used to make spiral staircases?

The strength and durability of the stairs depends on the material chosen. As the main load-bearing element construction, an asbestos-cement or metal pipe is suitable, on which steps are attached by welding, bolting or coupling. Sometimes brick, concrete, stone or wood are used in the manufacture of supports.

Railings are made of wood hard rock, metal, perhaps them combined application. In addition to traditional beech, oak, ash and metal steps today it is not uncommon to see glass or plastic steps.

In order to achieve durability, reliability and safety, the following recommendations should be followed:

1. The screw design, in which the inner edge of the horizontal plane is free, reduces the risk of slipping when ascending and descending the narrow part of the steps. This option is called a staircase without a vertical plane, and it has a higher safety record.


2. The movement on the stairs usually occurs in the middle of the steps, so it is recommended to make them about 20 centimeters wide. Already 15 cm from the central support, the width of the steps should be at least 10 cm.


3. The length of the steps depends on the purpose of the stairs. In case of rare use, you can limit yourself to a size of 0.6 m with a diameter of 1.4 m. Optimal size somewhat larger: steps - 0.8 m, diameter - about 2 m.


4. When calculating the design data, it should be provided that the height for the passage of a person ensures the possibility of movement along the next turn, which is about two meters.


5. For the central support, it seems optimal to use a thick-walled metal pipe (about 50 mm in diameter), which gives the entire structure the necessary strength. The support must be installed exactly vertically, and the point on which it rests must be able to carry the entire load.


6. At wood flooring the vertical stand is mounted with anchor bolts and the necessary fasteners. A variant of fastening by pouring concrete with the use of stretch marks is possible.


7. To fix the steps on the central rack, holes are drilled on the narrow side of the step with a diameter that is equal to the diameter of the rack. The steps are installed by means of bushings, their height must be the same as the height of the vertical plane. Horizontal planes and bushings must be laid with washers that protect the tree from deformation. The size of the bushings should be calculated by adding the size of all the washers, otherwise the height of the entire structure will be greater than the preliminary data.


8. The length of the steps directly correlates with the size of the opening in the ceiling, and we get their number by dividing the height of the stairs by 18-20 cm (the distance between the feet), not forgetting to add the thickness of the steps.


9. To give the structure strength, the subsequent steps are laid with a slight overlap on the previous ones and are fixed with a bracket, which is placed between the adjacent edges of the steps in their wide part.

Installation of a spiral staircase

The assembly of the spiral staircase is carried out in the following sequence: installation of the carrier rack, installation of treads and bushings in the required order. This is followed by the installation of steps, taking into account their exact initial and final position, at the end, the brackets are fixed. The installation is completed with fasteners of the upper stage to the ceiling. It remains only to put the railing and make handrails.

Calculation of a spiral staircase - drawings and diagrams

DIY spiral staircase - video assembly instructions

Wooden spiral staircases - photo

Nicholas, Nizhny Novgorod asks the question:

Good afternoon! I recently built a spiral staircase to the second floor in my country house. And in the manufacture of handrails for her, I ran into a problem. Straight railings are not suitable for my design, a special semicircular shape is needed, as there are children and elderly people in the family for whom this has great value. My staircase itself is made of metal, so I want to make the handrails also metal. Although if there is easy way bend wood or plastic, then I can use them. Please tell me how to bend the handrail for a spiral staircase in a simple way. I wish I could do it myself and as quickly as possible. Thanks in advance.

The expert answers:

Hello! Nowadays, very often, instead of a mid-flight, they prefer the construction of a spiral staircase. You can, of course, turn to specialists who will fulfill your wishes in their workshop without any problems. But if you decide to learn how to bend a handrail for a spiral staircase yourself, please note that handrails must be strong and safe to use. The rules for bending a handrail depend primarily on the material from which you want to make it.

If you have chosen a tree, then there are two ways to bend it to the shape you need. You can lower the workpiece into boiling water and soak in it until the wood is completely soft. After that, you bend it to the shape that you need, fix it in that position and wait until it dries well. It is advisable to bend in this way when the thickness of the wood does not exceed 3 cm.

It is possible to glue individual parts from thin veneer, laying them directly on the steps close to the uprights, in order to accurately repeat the bend. Finished construction coated with glue, wrapped in a film and attracted with clamps. When the glue is completely dry, the veneer is released from the clamps. The finished handrail, starting from the top, is screwed to each rack with screws.

When working with wood, remember that after bending the material must be impregnated with an antiseptic, covered with a layer of drying oil, and after it dries and the railing is fixed, varnish or paint these details of the stairs.

Plastic railings can be bent with building hair dryer. Hot air is directed to the workpiece and gradually, as it heats up, it is bent to the desired shape. The main thing is that the plastic does not melt. Therefore, control the flow of hot air from the hair dryer.

For the manufacture of metal railings, there are also two ways. If you have the opportunity, you can heat the metal in a special forging furnace and use a hammer to give it the desired shape. At home, you can clamp metal strip in a vice and with a hammer to give the desired shape.

Now you can choose for yourself best option how to bend handrails for a spiral staircase. All of these methods are simple and affordable, allowing you to do the work of bending handrails with your own hands at home without any extra financial costs.

Increasingly, spiral staircases are found in their homes and cottages. This is due to the beautiful appearance of products, a wide variety of designs and the ability to install them in a relatively small area.

A huge role for the safety and aesthetic perception of the product is played by the railing for spiral staircases. The article offers to get acquainted with the types, materials and features of the manufacture of such structures.

The railing on a spiral staircase, as well as on a regular marching staircase, serves to protect a person from falling from the stairs and is a support during ascent and descent.

Railings include:

• Balusters. These are the support posts on which the handrail is attached. Their purpose is to perform a supporting and decorative role;
• Placeholders. Such elements are necessary to fill the gap between the balusters. They serve as a decoration of the structure and increase safety when moving. Such elements are not always used, but, if there are children in the house, fillers are installed without fail;
• handrails. This support element for hands when moving. They are installed on one side or, if necessary, on both sides of a spiral staircase. Handrails are attached to balusters, or directly to the wall, as in the photo.

Types of fence fillers

There are several types of structures to fill the space between racks. You can get acquainted with them from the table:

In addition, the fence can be made by analogy with the bowstrings of a spiral staircase, spiral staircases can be made with support pillar without a fence.

Materials for the manufacture of fences

Before you make a railing for a spiral staircase, you should get acquainted with the materials for their manufacture.

Tip: When choosing the design and material for the railing, you should pay attention to their combination with the style of the stairs and the entire interior of the room.

Stair railings can be made of the following materials:

• . The price of such structures is the highest. The fence is difficult to install, which is due to the need to bend the material, which is done only in the factory. Glass for fencing is preferable to use in office space, for residential buildings in high-tech interiors, minimalism.

Tip: When ordering glass panels for a spiral staircase fencing from a company, it is necessary to specify the radius of their bending, some organizations cannot fulfill a small radius due to the complexity of the process technology.

• Iron railing for a spiral staircase. In terms of cost, the fence is more economical, and the appearance is practically not inferior to glass. For the manufacture of metal pipes and bars of square and round section, bent into the desired ornament. After that, the elements are welded together, the joints are cleaned and painted in desired color. Metal railings can have a wide variety of shapes and colors, without restrictions in use;
• Of stainless steel. The technology of their manufacture is similar to that of ordinary metal, the difference in appearance after completion of work. Stainless steel looks more presentable and stylish. These railings can be installed wet rooms, on the street. Stainless steel allows you to create original and very beautiful outdoor spiral staircases.
• tree. These are economical and beautiful spiral staircase handrails that can fit perfectly in any interior from classic to high-tech, depending on finishing designs.

Tip: When making wooden fence must choose quality wood with minimal moisture. This will prevent cracking and deformation of the structure during operation.

After careful polishing and varnishing of all surfaces, the design will be pleasant to the touch and very beautiful. Wood is always warm, unlike metal.

The manufacture of handrails for a spiral staircase made of wood is especially recommended in rooms where there are children. The designs look very elegant, but they take up quite a lot of space, they are best used in residential buildings and large premises.

• Stone. This is the most expensive option, it is used very rarely in their homes. Stone is difficult to combine with many interior styles. Such structures are used for the protection of spiral staircases in castles, palaces and similar majestic structures;
• Plastic. It is most often used to imitate materials such as stone or wood. PVC railings have a low cost, long service life, look aesthetically pleasing, and are safe to use.
• Combination of materials. Options can be very different: wood with metal, glass with metal, metal with wood. They are suitable for use in different styles from modern and classic to hi-tech (see) and minimalism.

Tip: When using a combination of materials for railings, it is worth paying attention to the quality of the joints during installation. Deformation may occur during use different parts, due to improper adjoining of materials to each other.

The most common railing options are metal and wood. Making a handrail for a spiral staircase with your own hands from such materials is quite simple, you just need to have the desire and small skills in construction.

Features of the selection and design of railings

For right choice and the design of the staircase fencing, it is necessary to follow the recommendations of SNiPs and GOSTs, which indicate:

• The height of the railing in your home should not be less than 900 mm;
• The distance between the balusters should be no more than 300 mm;
• All butt seams and joints of elements must be decorated and fastened together with high quality.

Handrails for railings can be different shapes: round, square, rectangular, but always comfortable to hold in the hand, without sharp corners, so as not to get hurt when moving up the stairs.

Fencing design

Before you make a handrail for a spiral staircase, you should depict the desired result on a computer or paper. Design sketches are an integral part of creating a stair railing project. They need to indicate all the dimensions of the product.

This will help to complete all the details for the railing correctly or pick them up ready.

At self-manufacturing railings for stairs, some elements should be purchased ready-made. For example, many will not be able to correctly determine how to bend a handrail for a spiral staircase. Sometimes railings for spiral staircases are purchased in the form of a designer, which is only assembled from a set of parts at the installation site.

When creating a virtual railing model, given that the staircase has already been built and its dimensions are known, three parameters must be defined:

• railing radius;
• Tilt angle;
• Length.

These values ​​are transferred to the virtual model. For this:

• There is a free site, better on the ground;
• The center of the structure is indicated by a peg;
• A circle is drawn using a rope with a nail attached to a peg.
• Radius is the distance between the center of the support and the installation site of the balusters;
• Supports are clogged along the perimeter of the circle, where future railings will be attached. Their height should be approximately 2 meters;
• To increase the rigidity of the layout inside such a “dial”, it is worth installing spacers.

Handrail manufacturing

After preparing the structure, you can make a spiral railing.

Work instructions:

• The first strip of plywood is taken and fixed with screws on the posts. In this case, fasteners are placed from the inside of the structure, crawled out - cut off with a grinder;
• Fasteners should start slightly above floor level and continue with a slope, as on a spiral staircase. It turns out a spiral;
• Carpentry glue is applied to the first strip;
• The second part is attached, and fixed to the first along the entire length with clamps. In this case, each subsequent strip is glued to the previous strip with a ledge;
• Approximately 100 mm should be left for each strip, which will make it easy to extend the railing, usually spiral staircases on stringers consist of 1.5 - 2 turns.

Tip: Do not immediately glue several strips, the glue should dry well. This will have a good effect on uniformity, which will improve the appearance of the railing.

• After installing all the strips, the excess length of the fence is carefully cut off with a grinder;
• The second part of the workpiece is made according to the same principle;
• The accuracy of the fit of the workpieces to the finished ladder is checked;
• Both parts of the blanks are combined;
• The connected ledges are fixed with wood glue and self-tapping screws;
• The resulting workpiece is attached to the top and bottom of the stairs;
• By pulling the workpiece with self-tapping screws in increments of 100 mm to the upper end of the racks, the correct location of the future fence is controlled;
• General fastening is carried out on each vertical rack or baluster;
• The excess parts of the railing are cut off at the edges perpendicular to the floor.

In more detail, the manufacture of a fence for a spiral staircase will tell the video in this article.

Finishing railings in progress

To give the design a beautiful appearance necessary:

• Sand all surfaces;
• Corners are rounded and all irregularities are eliminated;
• Formed during work wood dust and particles of wood, mixed with wood glue and used to fill potays to close holes;
• After drying, these areas are polished.
• The final processing of the railing with “zero” sandpaper is carried out.
• The design is opened with impregnation and varnish, or painted in your favorite color that matches the interior of the room.

These are just some types of spiral railings, recommendations on how to choose or make a spiral staircase railing and the most common technology for their installation. Showing imagination, you can combine various types, get a work of art, to decorate not only the stairs, but the entire room.