We select heating registers from smooth pipes. Heating registers: types, calculation and do-it-yourself manufacturing Calculation of replacing registers with heating radiators

Absolutely in any part of our country, it is necessary to heat the house during the cold season. Any sane person can figure out what to do to improve the apartment system. It is difficult to imagine the life of a cottage living in Russia without a heating complex. Everyone knows that heat sources are constantly becoming more expensive. The site presents a lot of apartment heating complexes, which use exclusively various ways extracting heat. Each heat recovery system is recommended to be installed as a hybrid or independently.

A register is a pipe of a sufficiently large diameter, stretched along the walls of a heated room.

It is one of the main elements heating system. There may be more than one pipe. If the number of pipes is from 2 to 5, then they are connected in parallel into batteries by welding. Registers for a heating system are usually made of pipes with a diameter of 25 mm or more. This design is very reliable: with high-quality welding work, it can last up to 30 years without repair, it can heat rooms large area. The disadvantages are: unpresentable appearance, low heat transfer, installation complexity due to the use of welding, high cost of materials.

Heating registers are serpentine and sectional. Serpentine pipes consist of one pipe, sectional pipes consist of several pipes. The distance between the individual sections must exceed the pipe diameter by 50 mm.

These devices are quite effective, they are not inferior in terms of heat transfer conventional convector. Their surface is easy to clean.

AT last years such registers are the basis of the heating system in various enterprises. They are easy to install, very reliable and durable, have high heat dissipation. If necessary, welded from several pipes one system heating. The connection of individual pipes into the system is best done with metal-plastic pipes with a diameter of 25 to 32 mm.

Heating registers are used for heating residential, warehouse and industrial premises. Most often they are installed in places with high demands to health and fire safety.

Heating registers are used for heating apartments and individual rooms. In private homes, they are used less frequently, as many alternative heating devices have appeared that fit better into the interior.

Calculation of registers

Given the known area of the room, the diameter and length of the pipes, it is possible to calculate the number of registers to ensure comfortable temperature. With a room height of 3 m, each linear m of the pipe is able to heat the area:

Pipe outer diameter (mm) Heating area (m²)

25 — 0,5;
32 — 0,56;
40 — 0,69;
57 — 0,94;
76 — 1,19;
89 — 1,37;
110 — 1,66;
133 — 2;
159 — 2,43.

Scheme of installation of water heating with electric heating.

To warm 1 m² of room area, you need:

2 m of pipe having a diameter of 1/2 inch;
1.5 m of pipe having a diameter of ¾ inch;
1 m of pipe having a diameter of 1 inch.

This data will help in deciding which pipes are better to choose in a given situation for the manufacture of registers.

After performing the calculations, it may turn out that one heated towel rail in the bathroom is enough for heating and main pipe large diameter in another room.

Varieties of registers

The problem of replacing the radiators of the heating system arises before many owners of apartments and private houses. I want to comply with the design of the room, save money, provide warmth and comfort. To achieve these goals, you should choose reliable, safe and durable radiators. The issue of cost cannot be dismissed either.

Heating systems, including radiators and registers, are domestic and imported, stationary and portable. They can be made from different materials. Registers are aluminum, cast iron, bimetallic. They all have their merits, but they all have their drawbacks too.

Bimetallic radiators are made from 2 different metals. Inside are copper or steel pipes. From the outside, they are covered with an aluminum case, which is why they look like aluminum. They are easy to confuse. From the outside it all looks the same. monolithic construction. Plus - high heat transfer. Aluminum coatings can be with a variety of ornaments. Minus - high price.

Aluminum radiators are very similar in appearance to bimetallic ones. They cost less, but are not designed for installation in a central heating system. Their purpose is to heat a private house. Reason: aluminum has a direct harmful contact with chemical inclusions in central heating water. Aluminum radiators on the outside can be decorated with cast elegant patterns. Pros: the price is slightly lower than bimetallic and cast iron radiators. Disadvantages: susceptibility to corrosion, some limitations in use.
Panel radiators are relatively new heating devices. Very popular in the USA European countries. They have a large heat transfer area, a high degree reliability.

Portable registers

Scheme tubular radiators.

For heating not very large rooms, registers are sometimes used, which are popularly called samovars. They work autonomously due to the heating elements installed in them. Such registers are intended for temporary heating and maintaining the temperature in a garage, dressing room, and other outbuildings. They are filled transformer oil, TOSOL and other non-freezing liquids. Such a system can be stationary and portable.

The mobile type heating register is a steel structure made of a smooth-walled pipe. The pipe diameter is usually 80-120 mm. The number of sections is 2-5. The design includes a built-in heating element with a power of 1.2-3 kW. With better side heating elements made in Italy, Poland, Germany and Austria have proven themselves.

Registers of the RO series are autonomous heating devices. They are filled with water or antifreeze. The heater, equipped with a thermostat and thermostat, heats the liquid to a temperature of about 80°C. Such heating device is easily transferred to another place and automatically maintains the set temperature. It is fireproof. It is allowed to dry clothes on the pipes, various materials. Works great in warehouses, offices, hangars, garages and so on.

The most common models of portable registers are made of three sections of pipes with a diameter of 108 mm. Some of their characteristics:

Model RO 2000/2. Volume 50 l. Heating area 50-60 m². Heating element power 2 kW.
Model RO 1500/1.5. Volume 40 l. Heating area 40 m². The power of the heating element is 1.5 kW.
Model RO 1000/1.2. Volume 30 l. Heating area 25-30 m². The power of the heating element is 1.2 kW.

In the field of creating heating systems and registers for them, the development of new models continues. Which of them to choose for your apartment, house or office is up to the owners of the premises.

Exist great amount batteries of various designs and materials for heating residential and non-residential premises. But heating registers stand out among them for their high heat transfer efficiency and ease of self-assembly.

Outwardly and structurally, these heat exchangers resemble ordinary heated towel rail coils, but they are much larger than their counterparts for bathrooms.

In the article presented by us, the types of heating registers are analyzed in detail, and we will also analyze the features of the installation of such equipment.

The heating register is a classic water-air heat exchanger. In most cases, it is made of a smooth-walled metal pipe. The latter can be single or in the form of a row of several sections of the pipeline located horizontally one above the other. In this case, there are separate designs with ribs.

A heater made only of a smooth-walled pipe is easier to wash with constant cleaning. It does not have lamellar ribs or bottlenecks that are difficult to wipe with a rag. As a result, “colonies” of dust and dirt do not form on such a register. In this respect, it greatly outperforms the panel-sectional radiators that are now widely used.

Typically, heating registers are installed in garages, warehouses, workshops, hospitals and schools - that is, in rooms where there are increased requirements for fire and sanitary safety

In terms of efficiency of heat energy transfer and heating costs, the pipe register is not inferior, and often exceeds them. The total heat transfer surface area in both cases is approximately the same, only in the device under consideration the coolant flows through a wide channel.

The hydraulic resistance in this situation is much lower than in a standard radiator of several panel sections. And this directly affects the energy costs for pumping water through such a heating circuit.

Types in the form of construction

Externally, the heating register does not look very elegant. But it is cheap and easy to manufacture. And if you make a little effort, then such a heater-heat exchanger can be quite fit into the interior of even a living room.

In domestic village houses until recently, a similar version of the heating system was used almost everywhere. AT Soviet time there were no panel-sectional radiators for sale, but it was not so difficult to get a wide pipe.

And then it only required welding machine. The resulting pipe heater is connected to the water heat exchanger inside wood stove welding elementary and fast. Read more about battery replacement technology by gas welding.

The closer to the edge are the vertical pipes in the sectional register, the higher the heat transfer of the device - the water at the ends of the horizontal pipes is updated more slowly than in areas with a direct flow of the coolant

All types of heating registers are divided into two groups:

Sectional.
Coils (S-shaped).

In the first case, horizontal pipes are connected to each other by transverse pipes of a smaller section, and in the second case, by arcs of the same diameter.

Both options involve large amounts of welding work. The coil device can also be made by bending one pipe. However, not every large diameter steel tubular can be bent in this manner. It is much easier to take ready-made arcs and weld them to the horizontal segments of the register.

When connecting the horizontal sections of the sectional register with a "column" connection, the branch pipes-crossbars are welded at both ends. The circulation of the coolant in such a heater takes place in a parallel circuit. As a result separate zones it may not receive heat. Hot water simply flows into the lower segment before it reaches the far end.

In the "thread", where the coolant passes through all sections of the register, such problems do not arise. In this respect, this register is in many ways reminiscent of a serpentine. Only the water in it moves from the inlet to the outlet of the battery through pipes of different sections.

Coils can have several bends, in this case, to strengthen the structure in a number of places, transverse inserts are often made from a corner or a thick bar

If there are no ready-made arcs for the S-shaped register at hand, then it is better to make a sectional device on your own. It is extremely difficult to bend a large-section pipe evenly without special equipment. Almost the only option is to heat the metal with gas welding and carefully bend it. But here there is a risk of loss of strength of the pipe walls.

The sectional view also includes a register with a pair of side collectors. They are made from a pipe of the same diameter as the main sections, playing the role of transverse pipes. Water in this case does not move from top to bottom, but from left to right (or vice versa).

Manufacturing material options

Most often, do-it-yourself home craftsmen make heating registers from. The main advantages of this option are low cost, availability of material and relative ease of welding.

Apart from round pipe the heating register can also be made from its profiled counterpart - the hydraulic resistance will turn out to be somewhat different, but nothing more

In the factory, registers are produced from:

become;
aluminum;
copper;
cast iron.

Leads in heat dissipation and durability. But at large sizes This heater will cost a lot of money. The aluminum device is inferior to it in terms of thermal conductivity, but it also costs much less.

The most popular and inexpensive look heating registers - steel. However, this is also the most inefficient option for transferring heat from water to air from all those sold in heating engineering stores.

The thermal conductivity coefficient for different steels ranges from 45–48 W / (m * K). For cast iron, it is in the region of 60, for aluminum it is 200–240, and for copper it is about 400 W / (m * K). Steel to all of them on this technical parameter loses.

When choosing steel pipes preference should be given to products carbon steel, they are the most durable and resistant to high temperatures

Cast iron and aluminum are usually only used for prefabricated registers. It is too difficult to weld these metals on their own in artisanal conditions. The same applies to stainless or galvanized steel, so it is better not to take pipes from these materials. They are more difficult to cook, and their heat transfer is lower than that of the usual black counterpart.

If you have experience in welding copper surfaces, making a register from such pipes is not too problematic. Due to the high heat transfer rates, they can be taken with a smaller diameter than when choosing a steel option. So the heater will be cheaper.

However, copper has a serious drawback here - the need for a neutral and clean coolant. If “dirty” water with impurities circulates in the heating system, then you can forget about the long service life of such a battery.

A similar problem is also often observed due to the presence in the system of elements from metals incompatible with copper. If a number of preventive measures are not taken into account, due to electrochemical corrosion, such a register will not last long.

Devices with built-in heater

The standard version of the register implies its connection to the heating pipes of a centralized system or to a water heating boiler. But there are devices and completely autonomous. In one of the lower pipes, a heating element is built into them, powered by electrical network 220 V.

By design and principle of operation, the heating element in the register is a conventional electric boiler operating from a typical single-phase outlet

The power of the water heating element can vary between 1–6 kW, depending on the internal volume of the heat exchanger. Such a heater is often equipped circulation pump so that the coolant reaches all its sections.

Such an autonomous register is often used as additional source heat, which is switched on only when severe frosts. When not too low temperatures outside the window, the room is heated from common system heating. In addition to water, it is possible to fill the electric register with antifreeze.

There is an article on our website where we described in detail the features of the choice and the subtleties of connecting heating elements for heating radiators. For more details, go to.

Calculation of the design of the heater

According to the rules, such a heat engineering calculation should be done taking into account:

area and direction external walls(southern sunny direction or not);
cubic capacity of the heated room;
the level of maximum possible negative temperatures in the region;
the degree of thermal insulation of the walls facing the street;
the presence of another heated room below and / or above;
the number, quadrature and variety of installed windows;
the presence / absence of doors opening directly to the street.

Simplified for a room with a ceiling height of around 2.7 meters, the required thermal power calculated by multiplying the area of \u200b\u200bthe room by 100 W

If the ceilings in the room are located at the level of 3 meters and above, then for a simplified calculation, the cubic capacity of the heated space should be multiplied by 34 or 41 watts. The first coefficient is taken for brick buildings, and the second - for buildings made of reinforced concrete.

Multiplying a couple of numbers is not difficult. But we must be clearly aware that such conditional calculations can be very far from real numbers, since there are many nuances here.

The best way out is to order the necessary calculation from a specialist who will take into account all the parameters of the room. Heat loss occurs through walls, windows, floors, ceilings and even ventilation. To get accurate figures, you need to take into account everything without exception.

Q= K*St*dt

letter designations:

Q is the thermal power of the register;
K is the heat transfer coefficient, depends on the pipe material;
St - heat transfer area (equal to the number of PI multiplied by the diameter and length of the pipe);
dt is the thermal head.

Accordingly, knowing Q and dt, it remains only to choose the diameter of the pipe and its total length. Then, depending on the design of the register, this pipeline can be divided into several segments, which will subsequently be connected by crossbars. Heat transfer from the latter, in order not to complicate the calculations, it is better not to take into account.

The figure dt, in turn, is calculated based on the required temperature in the room (Tv) and its indicators in the supply (Tp) and return (To) - total dt = (Tp + To) / 2-Tv

When connecting pipes with a snake, each subsequent horizontal segment receives approximately 10% less heat energy than the one located above. Each such segment of the register pipeline should be considered as a separate battery. And the coolant, as it moves along them, gradually and inevitably cools down, the heat goes into the room.

Another parameter is the distance between horizontal sections (main pipes), which reflects the height of an individual branch pipe. If this gap is made too small, then the heat flows from above and below will begin to overlap, negatively affecting each other.

This figure must be selected so that it is slightly larger than the diameter of the pipe. Then the efficiency of the register will be as high as possible.

With more detailed calculations of the power of heating batteries and their number, you can read.

Features of the installation

There is nothing particularly difficult in installing the heating register. Difficulties are possible only when it is welded from separate pipes. If you don't have much welding experience, it's best to practice first. When buying a ready-made factory-made device, installation problems should not arise at all.

Hanging on the walls of the pipe register is carried out using powerful brackets (hooks). If it is placed on the floor, then the iron legs will suffice. It is important to remember that the steel heater in question weighs a lot. Plus, the weight of the water inside is added, so the mounts and stands must be ultra-reliable.

The ends of the pipe-section are closed with special spherical plugs or welded using small steel rounds cut from sheet iron. Unions with external thread for installation of an air outlet valve and connection to the heating system, they cut directly into the pipe walls or into the end plate.

The surface of the battery made of steel should be coated with heat-resistant paint. Thanks to it, the device will not only become outwardly more aesthetic, but will also acquire additional anti-corrosion protection.

Detailed instructions for creating heating registers with your own hands can be found in.

Conclusions and useful video on the topic

The video materials collected below will help you understand all the nuances of calculating the heating register and its installation in the room.

Manufacturing technology of the register from a profile rectangular pipe:

Advantages and calculation of the power of the heating register:

If you want to heat a large room in terms of cubic capacity, then a register made of smooth-walled steel pipes is ideal for this. If you have the skill to perform welding work, it is not difficult to assemble such a home-made battery with your own hands. It is only necessary to accurately calculate the parameters of this device and choose the right tubular products for it.

Space heating technical purpose requires inexpensive and unpretentious in operation heating appliances. For areas such as warehouses, workshops, garages and production shops heating registers from smooth pipes are simply irreplaceable. They also help out a lot in rooms with increased requirements for cleanliness, as they are easily cleaned of dust and all kinds of contaminants.

When deciding to install heating registers, it is necessary to carefully study their technical characteristics and application features. The simplest configurations of these devices can be made independently, more complex ornate models require factory manufacturing conditions. One way or another, to ensure the optimal temperature regime, the parameters of the registers should be determined on the basis of thermal engineering calculations.

Varieties of heating registers

Heating registers are a group of pipelines located parallel to each other and communicating with each other. They may differ in material, shape and design.

Materials for manufacturing

Most often, heating registers are made of smooth steel pipes according to GOST 3262-75 or GOST 10704-91. Application electric-welded pipes preferable because of the ability to withstand more high pressure. However, in practice, water and gas pipes are also quite common, which are operated no less successfully. Such heaters can easily withstand all kinds of mechanical damage and stress, as well as work with any coolant.

There are also stainless steel models. They are installed in rooms with increased requirements for aesthetics and durability. Due to the increased cost, the use of stainless steel registers is most justified in bathrooms. High resistance to corrosion and a variety of configurations of stainless steel towel warmers allow them to be used even in the most modern interiors bathrooms.

Aluminum and bimetallic registers are more efficient in terms of heat transfer. They are lightweight and aesthetically pleasing, work great in systems individual heating with well-organized water treatment. In other cases, the low quality of the coolant leads to a quick failure of the devices.

Sometimes you can find registers made of copper. Usually they are used in systems where the main wiring is copper. It is convenient to work with them, they are very nice and durable. In addition, the thermal conductivity of copper is about 8 times higher than that of steel, which can significantly reduce the size of the heating surface. General disadvantage of all devices made of non-ferrous metals - sensitivity to operating conditions - limits the scope of copper registers.

Design

The most characteristic designs of traditional steel registers can be divided into 2 types:

Sectional;
Serpentine.

The first is characterized by a horizontal arrangement of pipelines and the use of vertical narrow jumpers between them. The second involves the use of straight and arcuate elements of the same diameter, which are connected by a snake by welding. When using stainless steel or non-ferrous metals, the pipes are simply bent to give the desired configuration.

There are three options for the execution of connecting pipes:

Threaded;
Flanged;
For welding.

They can be located both on one side of the device, and on different sides. The coolant outlet is provided under the supply or diagonally from it. Sometimes there is a lower connection of highways, but in this case heat transfer is significantly reduced.

In sectional registers, 2 types of connections are distinguished depending on the way the jumpers are placed:

"Thread";
"Speaker".

Smooth pipe registers can be used as registers of the main heating system or as separate heaters. For battery life a heating element of the required power is installed inside the device and connected to the network. As a coolant for portable electric registers made of steel, antifreeze or oil is often used, because. it does not freeze during storage or emergency shutdown electricity.

When used separately from the general heating system, an additional expansion tank must be placed in the upper part of the device. This avoids the increase in pressure due to the increase in volume when heated. The size of the container is selected based on the ability to accommodate about 10% of the total amount of liquid in the heater.

For autonomous use of the register made of steel pipes, legs 200 - 250 mm high are welded to it. If the device is part of the heating circuit, its movement is not planned and the walls are strong enough, then a stationary mount using brackets is used. Sometimes for very massive registers apply combined option installations, i.e. the device is placed on racks and additionally fixed on the wall.

Specifications

Technical requirements for heating appliances, including tubular radiators, are standardized by GOST 31311-2005. According to this standard, pipes according to GOST 3262, GOST 8734, GOST 10705, GOST 10706 with a wall thickness of at least 1.25 mm should be used for their manufacture. At the same time, heated towel rails are allowed to be made from carbon steel with a wall of at least 3 mm, stainless steel, as well as brass (copper-zinc alloys) in accordance with GOST 15527.

It is allowed to use other materials if the heaters comply with all the provisions of the standard and have the necessary strength characteristics. The design of the devices is not standardized and remains at the discretion of the manufacturer, subject to the basic requirements. This gives complete freedom for creativity and allows you to create unique design configurations of tubular radiators, which greatly expands the scope of their application.

The characteristics of smooth pipe heating registers depend on the chosen material, size and configuration. They are determined by special formulas, tables or manufacturer's materials.

Consider the main parameters of conventional steel registers. They are characterized by the use of large diameter pipes, mainly in the range of 32 - 219 mm. They endure operating pressure up to 100 Pa (10 kgf/m²). The coolant can be both a variety of liquids - water, antifreeze, oil - and high-temperature steam.

Having a detailed drawing, a register of smooth steel pipes can be made by any craftsman with welding skills. To do this, it is enough to find the source material, a welding machine and an angle grinder. It is also possible to order the register from the factory according to individual drawings.

Important! It is necessary to maintain not only the length, diameter and number of pipes, but also the distance between them. Too close location significantly reduces the heat transfer of the device due to the mutual influence of the elements. If the distance is made too large, then the height of the device can be huge and not convenient to install and use. The optimal spacing of the rows of the heating register is 1.5 radius, but not less than 50 mm.

To receive best results all parameters must be determined on the basis of thermal engineering calculations, based on the required heat transfer and the characteristics of the room. Without a competent calculation, even a well-made register may not be able to cope with the heating of the available area.

Calculation of heating registers from smooth pipes

Calculation of heating registers is carried out to determine the amount of heat supplied from the existing register, as well as to determine the required dimensions of the device to provide the required heat output.

Advice: before proceeding with the calculation of the parameters of the register, it is necessary to clearly determine the temperature regime and heat loss of the room. The methodology for calculating them is a separate issue, but if you need high-quality heating, then you should understand this issue so as not to redo it later.

The amount of heat (W) coming from the pipe is determined by the formula:

Q=K F ∆t,

K- heat transfer coefficient, W / (m 2 0 С), is taken depending on the pipe material and the parameters of the coolant;

F- pipe surface area, m 2, calculated as the product of π d l,

where π = 3,14, a d and l- diameter and length of the pipe, respectively, m;

∆t- temperature difference, 0 C, determined in turn by the formula:.

∆t \u003d 0.5 (t 1 + t 2) - t to,

where: t1 and t2– temperatures at the boiler inlet and outlet, respectively;

t to- the temperature in the heated room.

On a note: For a single steel pipe filled with water, the heat transfer coefficient to air is generally 11.3 W/(m 2 · 0 C). For a register with several rows, a reduction factor of 0.9 for each thread is approximately accepted.

The values of heat transfer coefficients for steel smooth-tube registers are given in the table.

To determine the size of the register, the required thermal power is divided by the heat transfer per linear meter of the pipe. This will give the approximate total length of the threads. Further, taking into account the dimensions of the room, the width of the device is taken and the number of rows is calculated.

Advice: since an increase in the diameters of the threads and their number reduces the efficiency of the device, the heat transfer of the register should be increased primarily by increasing its length.

For faster calculations, you can use an online calculator, but there is a big risk of getting an erroneous result. Therefore, before using automatic calculation, it is worth at least one to perform manually and compare the results.

Antifreeze liquids have a lower heat capacity and give off less heat than water. Thus, registers with antifreeze should have an increased surface area compared to those operating on water. To calculate them, it is necessary to take into account the properties of the liquid itself.

Advantages and disadvantages

Heating registers from smooth pipes have a lot of advantages:

For large areas are one of the the best options heating appliances. Due to their considerable length, they provide uniform heating and create comfortable conditions. Heating is not local, but extensive.
The hydraulic resistance is very low compared to cast iron or steel radiators. This allows you to significantly reduce the pressure loss in the system, and, accordingly, the cost of pumping the coolant. The same feature makes it possible to use for large rooms open system heating with natural circulation.
Straight sections of pipes of large diameters are less prone to silting and overgrowth, unlike radiators complex shape. Therefore, heating registers practically do not need flushing.
A simple design can be made by hand from available materials with significant savings.
The service life is quite long, at least 25 years. The degree of reliability depends mainly on the quality of the welds.
The smooth surface makes it easy to clean. This feature allows the use of registers in rooms with high sanitary standards.
Convenient for drying towels, linen and clothes.

The disadvantages of registers from smooth pipes include:

Small heating surface per unit length, which forces the use of large-sized devices;
Large metal content;
Large diameters force the use of a large volume of coolant, which makes the system very inertial and difficult to control;
The unattractive appearance of budget models and the huge price of non-standard design configurations.

Conclusion

Heating registers made of smooth pipes are durable "indestructible" devices with good operational characteristics. They have relatively simple design, their calculation and assembly can be done independently.

Features of smooth-tube registers determine their scope. These heaters can be found in public buildings, medical institutions, warehouses, workshops, garages, greenhouses, greenhouses, hangars, industrial shops. Pipe radiators are the ideal solution for bathrooms, large rooms and non-standard architectural forms. In some cases, their installation for heating a private house may be justified.

The heating system register is a device made of smooth-walled pipelines. By their own design features the register served as the basis for most radiators. Very often, these devices are located in technical and industrial premises. In addition, there are cases when they are installed in apartments as part of autonomous heating systems. However, not everyone knows how to calculate the heat transfer of the register.

Main types and technical characteristics

There are several main types of these heaters. Registers are classified according to the method of installation, form of execution and material. Therefore, before calculating registers from smooth pipes for heating, we will consider in more detail each group of these devices.

According to the form

sectional registers. Such heat exchangers are made from one or more smooth-walled pipelines with a diameter of 25 to 400 mm, interconnected by branch pipes and closed with plugs. The coolant enters the upper section through the branch pipe, and flows into the next section at the opposite end, etc.
Serpentine (S-shaped) devices - pipelines are connected by arcs, the result is a solid pipe. This shape allows you to use the surface of the device as a whole, which increases the effective area of the heat exchanger. Below we will consider how to calculate the heat transfer of a register from smooth pipes.

According to the installation method

Registers for heating systems are divided into portable and stationary. Portable or mobile devices, as a rule, are used in rooms where temporary support of the set temperature is required before the installation of the main heating system. For example, when constructing a new building or when carrying out repair work in the garage. In such systems, antifreezes are used as a coolant or heat energy is generated by means of electric heating elements.

By material

Steel is the most popular type of appliances made of steel. It is also worth noting that steel is a fairly durable material. It welds well and at the same time has good thermal conductivity.
Cast iron devices. At present, the most popular registers are from cast iron pipelines. But, despite the low cost, this material is quite fragile and unstable to mechanical damage. In addition, cast iron does not weld well, which makes installation difficult.
Aluminum registers. In terms of popularity, these devices are slightly inferior to registers made of steel pipes. At the same time, they have a number of advantages: they look attractive, weigh little, give off heat well and are resistant to corrosion. The main and only drawback of aluminum registers is the high price.

Calculation of heat transfer: highlights

During the installation of the heating system, many are interested in the calculation of registers from smooth pipes. How to calculate so that there are not too many of them (it will be very hot) or too few (it will be cool)?

For a private house or apartment, there is no need to calculate the exact figure, since in this case the specific temperature value does not matter. It is important that the temperature regime is optimal.
The simplest calculation: for 2 m 2 there should be one section (cast iron or aluminum), for 1.5 m 2 - one section (bimetal).
If the ceiling is more than 3 meters, one section should be added. If there is a balcony, one or two sections are also added, depending on whether the balcony is insulated or not. A section is added if the room is corner.
Since the temperature of the heat carrier supply is regulated for apartments, it is allowed to calculate the heat transfer of the register regardless of the climate.
In private houses, this calculation is not suitable due to the fact that too much enters the system. This gives a strong overheating if the building is located in warm regions.
In addition, the calculation of the heat transfer of the heating register can be performed using online calculators. To do this, you will need to enter some data, and then the program will calculate the required number of pipes.

Method of calculation

When choosing this device it is important to correctly choose the diameter of the pipelines from which the register will be made. The most optimal diameter is 32 mm, but it is allowed to install registers of a different diameter, but not more than 80 mm. If the diameter is more than 80 mm, then the power of the heating system may simply not be enough to warm up such a device, since the boiler will not be able to supply the required volume of coolant.

In order to correctly select this plumbing element and calculate the heat transfer of the register, the following factors should be taken into account:

The material from which the building is made.
Wall thickness.
Number of window and door openings.

When calculating the heat transfer of the register, it is necessary to know the amount of heat transfer from one linear meter of the pipeline. For example, one running meter a pipeline with a diameter of 60 mm can heat 1m 2 of a room with a height of no more than 3 meters.

The table below shows an approximate calculation of the heat transfer of the register, depending on the diameter of the pipelines.

The table shows the data for a ceiling height of not more than 3 meters. In other words, to heat 60 m 2, 87 meters of a pipeline with a diameter of 40 mm or 44 meters with a diameter of 89 mm will be required. After the calculations, it is necessary to make drawings. You will also need to consider all the nuances of placing the register in the room.

Mounting registers

When installing registers, the most expensive are welding work, which as a result will become the determining factor when choosing between a radiator and a register. However, you can do without them. In this case, the joints are connected with the help of which, despite the fact that they are somewhat inferior to welding joints, they can also last for quite a long time.

During the installation of these devices, it is necessary to observe a slight slope (0.05‰) in the direction of movement of the coolant.

Conclusion

So, summing up, it is worth noting that the registers are able to compete with other types of heating devices. The most optimal configuration of the device should be selected individually for each specific case, taking into account personal wishes and features of the room. However, it is advisable to entrust the manufacture of heating registers, as well as their installation, to professionals.

For supplying heat to residential and public spaces install heating registers from smooth pipes. These are devices that are designed to increase the degree of efficiency of heat exchange between external environment and heat carrier.

The registers consist of several smooth-walled steel pipes connected by special pipes of smaller diameter. In their shape, they resemble a zigzag or "fence". In this regard, sectional, serpentine, registers from smooth pipes with columns, registers with heating elements are distinguished.

Features of heat exchangers

Section registers

Such devices consist of one or several pipes at once, which are closed with plugs. Through the pipe hot water enters the upper pipe, after which it flows into the next, located one level below. According to this principle, water is distributed to all parts of the device.

The transition from one section to another is made as close as possible to the edge in order to ensure sufficient supply of the working medium and high heat transfer.

Such a heat exchanger is made of steel pipes with a diameter of 25 to 400 mm. Registers made of smooth pipes with a diameter of 76 mm, 89 mm, 108 mm, 159 mm are widely used. Branch pipes for inlet and outlet are made threaded, flanged or welded. Plugs - flat or elliptical. The kit for such a device includes a threaded fitting, to which an air vent is attached. The heat exchanger can withstand a working pressure of 10 kgf / cm 2 or 1 MPa.

Coil heat exchangers

This type of heat exchanger is made from one single pipe. Smooth tube registers s-shape effective in their heat transfer, since heat is given off by the entire surface of the pipe.

Serpentine heater form

Another advantage is that this configuration does not provide for the presence of pipe narrowing sections. This feature prevents an increase in hydraulic resistance.

Traditionally, heating registers are made of smooth-walled steel, more often carbon steel, although there are also home-made cast-iron models, stainless steel or low-alloy steel pipes.

Pipes for register heat exchangers

Compact and high efficiency registers allows them to be widely used in the construction of residential, office space and those facilities that are characterized by increased sanitary and fire standards.

Registers with heater

Devices with heating elements are installed in those rooms where there are problems with laying communication lines.

Power heating element ranges from 1.6 to 6 kW at a voltage of 220 V. In working condition, the heating element maintains the temperature of the register surface within 80˚С.

To increase the efficiency of heat exchange processes, the device is equipped with a circulation pump.

Working as an element of the central heating system, the heater responds to a decrease and increase in temperature. In accordance with this, it either compensates for heat loss, or vice versa turns off.

Such heat exchangers have many advantages:

fire safety;
easy access during cleaning;
big square heat transfer;
economy;
multifunctionality.

Production of heating registers

preliminary calculations

To make a heat exchanger with your own hands, you need to calculate the register from smooth pipes.

Formula

The following formula is taken as the basis for the calculations:

Q \u003d Pi x dn x l x k x (tg - to) x (1 - ηiz),

wherein

Pi number - 3.14;

dn - outside diameter pipeline (in meters);

I – section length (in meters);

k - coefficient (equal to 11.63 W / m² * ° С);

to - temperature in the room intended for the installation of the device;

tr is the temperature of the working medium in the pipeline;

ηout – coefficient of heat preservation by insulation (if the device is not insulated, this coefficient is equal to zero, if there is insulation, ηout = 0.6÷0.8).

The result obtained will show the thermal power for smooth tube registers, which is applied to one horizontal pipe. If the device has several rows, a reduction factor of 0.9 is used for each additional row.

If you are having difficulty with how to calculate a register from smooth pipes, look for online calculators. As practice has shown, this method of solving the problem is not always accurate, therefore, it is recommended to double-check the result obtained by the formula and only after that proceed with the manufacture of the device.

Standards

Installation of registers is carried out according to GOST standards. For fixing, you will need a welding machine, since the mount must withstand the weight of the working medium and the weight of the heat exchanger itself.

Characteristics

The principle of operation of registers from smooth pipes

Registers made of smooth pipes have the following technical characteristics:

do not require the use of highly professional equipment (they use an angle grinder, electric welding);
heat large rooms, while having only a register of 2 or 4 smooth pipes;
are made from available material(stainless steel, steel, cast iron);
available for various working media (work not only on water, but also on steam, oil and other liquids);
are multivariate in their form, the use of fittings, coating materials, plugs;
in manufacturing, it is possible to use drawings of reuse;
available at their price point.

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