How to make a concrete blind area - step by step instructions, from preparing a solution to pouring concrete. How to make a concrete blind area - step-by-step instructions, from preparing a solution to pouring concrete How to make a mortar for pouring a blind area

One of the ways to protect the foundation is to create a blind area around the house. This design is able to prevent the penetration of moisture to the bearing base and protect the base of the house from deformation and destruction.

Blind area and selection rules

The main elements of the blind area are the substrate and the coating, each of them has a specific function.

The substrate creates a solid and even base, on which a protective coating is subsequently laid. The substrate is made of clay or a mixture of sand and gravel.

The second layer - a protective coating - can be made of any material with high strength characteristics and excellent waterproofing properties. Therefore, in most cases, you can find a concrete, asphalt, stone or tile blind area.

There are several types of construction, each of which can be used on the ground with certain characteristics.

Hard blind area

This design is made of hard surfaces, such as concrete or asphalt, which contributes to increased resistance to mechanical stress. AT without fail a heat-insulating and waterproofing layer is being equipped, therefore, the service life of a rigid blind area in most cases is equated to the operational period of the main structure. This type can only be installed on soils of medium or high density.

Soft blind area

A design of this type is equipped according to a simplified technology, does not require large material and labor costs. To create it, several layers of bulk material are poured. Average term operation is about 5 years, so most often soft blind area used as a temporary option. Besides appearance such a design does not attract much attention. As for the type of soil on which a soft blind area can be laid, there are no restrictions here.

Semi-rigid blind area

Already by the name we can say that this option is intermediate between the previous types of blind area. This applies to both material and physical costs. The protective layer can be made of paving slabs, stone or reinforced concrete slabs. This allows you to repair any part of the blind area without compromising the entire structure. Semi-rigid blind area cannot be equipped in areas where there is a high location ground water and deep soil freezing. In addition, it is used with limitation on heaving soil.

Materials for the manufacture of blind areas

As protective coating blind area can be used different material choice depends on several factors. In particular, we are talking about the following:

Construction budget. If the arrangement of the blind area is not limited by material costs, then it is best to use expensive materials. In this case, the emphasis is on the quality of the design. With a small budget, preference is given to cheaper options.
Specifications. If the structure will be constantly subjected to mechanical stress, then a material with high strength characteristics is chosen.
aesthetic requirements. In some cases, the main criterion for evaluating a design is its attractiveness, therefore, when choosing a coating for a blind area, the aesthetic characteristics of the material are taken into account.

In addition, the positive and negative aspects of the coating used should be studied and taken into account.

concrete pavers

One of the most popular types of pavement is concrete pavement. The high demand for this material is explained by a wide choice of colors and shapes. In addition, the elements have different lengths and widths, which allows you to realize any design decision. Installation of paving stones is not difficult, so it is possible to independently carry out the workflow. The main advantage of the material is its strength and resistance to low air temperatures.

Elements of this type of coating have a natural appearance, as they are made of natural materials, granite and basalt. It should be noted that such a coating requires significant material costs, therefore it is used with a sufficient budget for construction.

Concrete

More economical option is a concrete pavement. The advantage of such a coating is maximum water resistance, the disadvantage is not a very attractive appearance. In some cases, to enhance the aesthetics, concrete is decorated with natural stone.

paving slabs

Such a blind area has a lot positive characteristics among them are the following:

Different sizes of elements.
Wide choice of colors.
Various surface textures.
The ability to replace a single element without dismantling the entire structure.

rubble

The simplest and affordable option- This is the use of gravel as the top layer of the blind area. In addition, this material is most suitable for high groundwater and in the presence of drainage system around the house.

Making a concrete blind area with your own hands

In most cases, private developers prefer concrete pavement. It is quite possible to make such a design with your own hands, if you follow the technology and listen to the recommendations of experienced craftsmen. Construction process is divided into several stages.

Excavation

To equip the blind area around the outer perimeter of the house, they dig a trench with a depth of about 30-35 cm. As for the width of the trench, it depends on the size of the eaves and gable overhang and should protrude beyond the edges of these roof elements. Experts recommend using a value equal to half the depth of the foundation, but not less than 0.6 meters. On subsiding soils, it is allowed to make a blind area up to 2 meters wide.

At the bottom of the finished trench do clay castle up to 12 cm high, for this you should use high-fat clay. A kind of pillow is formed on top of the clay, which will reduce the impact of seasonal soil movements. First, a layer of crushed stone 5-6 cm thick is poured and it is well compacted. Next, sand is covered with a layer of up to 10 cm and also carefully compacted. In the process of creating the bedding, the level must be controlled, the thickness of the layer of sand and gravel must be the same at all points of the trench. The top level of the finished pillow should be 5-6 cm below the planned blind area.

A groove 2 cm wide and about 2 cm deep is made along the outer edge of the trench.

So that sand and gravel do not mix with each other and do not reduce the strength characteristics of the blind area, you can separate them with a sheet of geological textiles.

Creation of formwork and armored belt

To create the formwork, boards of sizes 2 * 10 cm are used, they are knocked together into shields in two pieces and connected with jumpers every half a meter. The structure is installed along the side of the trench parallel to the foundation. The height of the formwork must correspond to the final level of the blind area. To strengthen with outside shields put wooden stakes with a step of 1.5 meters and sprinkled with soil.

To create an armored belt, steel rods with a cross section of 8 mm are used, of which a mesh is made with a cell size of 20 * 20 cm. The reinforcing structure is laid in one row on special substrates about 5 cm high.

Preparation and pouring of concrete

Before cooking concrete mix the required volume should be calculated. This can be done using a simple mathematical formula, multiplying the height by the length and by the width of the blind area.

Concrete must have a strength class of at least B25, so cement, sand and gravel are taken in a ratio of 1: 2: 3.5 (read also our article about). In some cases, when preparing concrete, a liquid detergent is used, adding it 1 tbsp. spoon on a bucket of solution. Experienced craftsmen It is believed that in this case, the frost resistance of concrete and its resistance to water absorption increase.

The concrete solution is poured immediately to the upper level, then it is pierced over the entire area with a bayonet shovel to remove voids. You can use internal vibrators for this.

The formation of transverse expansion joints will prevent deformation and destruction of the blind area. This is especially true for areas under the open sun.

After pouring, it is necessary to level the surface of the blind area and remove depressions in which water can accumulate.

The finished structure is left for 7-10 days to gain the required strength. At this time, the surface should be protected from the hot sun and precipitation, for which they regularly spray and cover the blind area with a film.

After two weeks after pouring, the formwork is removed and wet ironing is carried out. To do this, take an equal amount of sand and cement, dilute milk of lime with the addition of liquid glass. The finished composition should have the consistency of thick cream.

The ironing process is carried out as follows:

The surface is moistened.
With the help of a metal brush, the structure of the upper layer is broken.
The resulting dust is removed and the blind area is moistened again.
After drying, the mixture for ironing is poured onto the surface and leveled with a wide spatula, moving it along the structure.

Soft blind area device

Unlike a rigid structure, a soft blind area does not have a solid top coat. To make your own soft construction, you must adhere to the following scheme:

Perform site marking.
They dig a trench about 0.8 meters wide and about 0.4 meters deep.
A clay castle is made at the bottom.
The clay layer is covered with a waterproofing material, bringing its edges to the wall.
Pour a small layer of sand, compact it.
Cover the sand with geotextile.
Equip a gravel bed.
The geological textile is laid again and covered with sand.
Equip upper layer blind areas from the selected material.

A do-it-yourself blind area will not only protect the foundation from getting wet and cracking, but will also delight with its appearance throughout its entire service life.

Reliable, time-tested way to protect the foundation from exposure surface water- the device of a concrete blind area around the house. The undoubted advantage of a blind area made of concrete is its low cost and ease of manufacture.

100% protection against moisture, which is provided by a concrete blind area with an integral coating, is not able to guarantee any material (without arranging a multi-tiered "pie"). The condition of the foundation directly affects the position of the entire structure. Therefore, the foundation needs capital protection.

This is precisely the main task of the blind area - protecting the foundation and basement of the house. In addition to the barrier, it performs several other functions. For example, it allows you to organize more convenient movement along the blind area and gives the building a finished look.

Consider step by step how to properly make a blind area around the house of concrete with your own hands. We propose to break down all the stages of arrangement into theoretical and applied.

In the first part, we will analyze what you need to know and prepare before getting started.

In the second - how to prepare the bed and fill it correctly concrete pavement.

Requirements for the blind area and the rules for its construction

concrete pavement width, according to SNiP 2.02.01-83 should be 200 mm. more than an overhang roofing material. If there is a drain, its parameters are also taken into account. The same SNiP regulates the width depending on the type of soil. The traditional (optimal) width of the blind area can be considered 1 meter. This width provides freedom of movement and plays the role of a path around the house;

length. Since the foundation needs protection around the entire perimeter of the house, it is logical that the blind area should also completely encircle the structure. An exception may be only the installation site of the concrete porch;

depth or level of deepening of the blind area should not exceed half of estimated depth soil freezing characteristic of a particular region. This parameter can be viewed in the table or requested information in the architecture department at the location of the object.
The ability of a concrete pavement to move along with the soil informs it of its function. Otherwise, its role will be reduced to water drainage, which is not enough to protect the foundation.

Note. The depth of freezing is affected by the presence of communications in the soil.

concrete pavement thickness. Justified is the minimum thickness of the surface layer of 70-100 mm. If an increased operational load is planned, for example, the movement of a car, the thickness can reach up to 150 mm;

blind area slope. SNiP III-10-75 recommends what the slope should be - from 10 to 100 mm per 1 meter of width (i.e. 1-10%). The angle of inclination is directed in the direction opposite to the foundation of the house. Slope requirements depend on local rainfall and soil type. In practice, the slope is taken equal to 20-30 mm per 1 m (2-3 degrees). If you do more, then in case of icing, it will be difficult to move along such a blind area;

border. In the case of a blind area, the border is a decorative element and the decision to install it is made based on the preferences of the owner of the house and his financial capabilities. However, if bushes are planted in the immediate vicinity of the blind area - “root aggressors” (raspberries, blackberries) or trees that differ in a powerful surface root system (poplar, plane tree), then the installation of a limiter is mandatory;

plinth height. The standards establish a minimum base height of 500 mm for a hard type blind area and a minimum of 300 mm for a soft one. Recall that the blind area around the house made of concrete is of a rigid type;

deck height from ground level. It is desirable that the blind area is 50 mm above the ground. This recommendation is due to the fact that water should not accumulate on the edge of the blind area and turn into puddles. In winter, this is fraught with freezing and, accordingly, the destruction of the structure.

concrete deck construction has a specific device diagram, which is shown in the drawing below.

Armed with the above data, you can proceed directly to the installation of a concrete blind area of \u200b\u200bthe foundation.

How to make a blind area of concrete around the house

Material preparation:

blind area concrete. The brand is an indicator of the quality of concrete, its value ranges from 100 to 1000. It indicates the proportion of cement content in concrete. The concrete class is in the range from B3.5 to B8 and indicates the strength of concrete. So, class B 15, indicates that a cube of concrete pouring with a size of 15x15x15 cm is able to withstand a pressure of 15 MPa.

What brand of concrete is needed for the blind area? To prepare the solution, cement brand M 200 (class B15) is used.

The parameters (properties) of concrete, depending on the brand, are shown in the table.

sand. What is needed? For the device of the lower layer of the pillow, river or quarry sand is suitable. The main thing is that it does not contain large impurities that can damage geotextiles;

rubble (gravel). For the blind area, crushed stone of fraction 10-20 is suitable;

clay or geotextile for a hydraulic lock. In practice, this layer is absent in the base cushion, because concrete drains water well;

iron cement.

The composition of the concrete solution for the blind area

If it is not possible to use ready-made concrete, you can knead it yourself. For this you need to prepare:

pavement cement. You should know that the brand of concrete is determined by the brand of cement and its specific gravity as a percentage of the components of the solution. For the blind area, cement M400 Portland cement is used. Cement must be fresh, with each month of storage it loses 5% of its properties. It is easy to check the freshness, just squeeze a little cement in your fist, if it shrinks into a lump - its expiration date is running out, if it crumbles freely - you can work with it;

Note. What kind of cement is best for the blind area? Naturally fresh and high brand. This will save on cement consumption and prepare a good concrete solution.

sand. To prepare concrete, you need to take sifted and washed from impurities and soil;

rubble. It is advisable to use crushed stone of a fraction of 5-10 mm. At the same time, crushed stone is better than, for example, small pebbles;

water. Should be at room temperature;

additives. Needed in order to give concrete frost-resistant properties. Often used as an additive liquid glass.

From the tools you will need a concrete mixer or a container for mixing, a shovel, a bucket (it is better to take a plastic one, it is easier to wash), a measuring container (for water), a manual tamping log or a vibrating plate.

Preparation of concrete solution for the blind area

In practice, the blind area solution is prepared in portions, after all preparatory work. We will give a ready-made recipe for cement mortar and how to mix it correctly.

The composition of the concrete solution includes: cement, crushed stone, sand, water and various additives that increase its strength. The durability and strength of the blind area depends on the ratio (proportions) of these components.

Note. Components are measured by weight only.

The proportions of the solution for the blind area

Note. 1 cubic meter of sand is on average 1600 kg, 1 cubic meter of crushed stone is on average 1500 kg.

Depending on the brand of concrete, the proportions will differ. SNiP 82-02-95 regulates the composition of the mixture for obtaining concrete of a certain grade.

The concrete mixture is very demanding on the amount of water supplied. Its excess reduces the strength of concrete, because. brings cement flour to the top layer of the solution. This leads to the fact that the fortress is distributed unevenly. In practice, it is calculated that water should be approximately half the amount of cement. More accurate data is contained in the table (water-cement ratio (W / C) for concrete).

The order in which the components are added to the solution is also important. Cement is first poured into a mixing tank or concrete mixer and water is poured. By mixing, the so-called cement milk is obtained. Then the rest of the components are added to it. First, sand is poured, in small portions, and then crushed stone (gravel).

Note. Professionals advise maintaining an interval of 5 minutes. between the supply of components. Thus, the mixture is better mixed.

The technology of the blind area made of concrete with insulation

Step-by-step instruction:

Preparation of the base for the blind area. To do this, the top layer of soil is removed, all roots, stones, etc. are removed. The use of a continuous herbicide will eliminate the activity under the substrate. For example, drugs Agrokiller or Tornado.

Advice. Given that the blind area should exceed the edge of the roof slope by 200 mm, it is recommended to use a plumb line to accurately mark the boundary of the blind area.

markup. To do this, we pull the rope over the stakes clogged in the corners. To avoid sagging of the rope, you need to install intermediate stakes (at a distance of 5-6 m from each other).

Advice. How to determine the required angle of inclination of the blind area? Masters install additional beacons (stretch the rope) on the basement of the house. Fastening is made through 1-1.5 meters.

Hydraulic lock device. To do this, lay greasy clay with a layer of 100-150 mm or cover the bottom with geotextiles (roofing felt, PVC film, advertising banner, etc.). Please note that the film does not tear, it is better to pour a layer of sand 50-100 mm into the bottom of the trench. A layer of sand of the same thickness is also poured over the film. The sand is leveled, moistened and rammed. In the case of a clay hydraulic lock, there is only one sand layer. When laying the film, its tension should be avoided. It must be able to move freely with the ground.

Note. Masters advise to make high-quality drainage near the hydraulic lock. To do this, you need to dig a trench 100 mm deep and 200 mm wide and fill it with rubble or lay a drainage pipe in it, wrap it with geotextile and fill it with rubble. This will increase the rate of water removal.

It is worth noting that many people ignore this stage of work. In practice, this attitude translates into the fact that the water passing through the expansion joint goes directly under the foundation, and when it freezes, it leads to an increase in pressure on it.

Backfilling of rubble. The layer thickness varies from 50 to 100 mm. The gravel is leveled and rammed. Since crushed stone is difficult to compact, some recommend using a special grate for laying it, which is used in landscape design for the device. gravel paths. We note right away that this will increase the cost of the blind area without special need.

Sand filling.

Laying pipes of communications. To do this, a recess is made in the sand for pipes and storm water inlets.

Blind area insulation. Styrofoam or polystyrene foam is laid on the compacted sand, with which crushed stone and communications are covered. Only hard insulation is suitable for the blind area, but he is afraid point loads, so it must be laid on a sand cushion.

Advice. Cold bridges can be eliminated by laying the insulation in two layers with an offset.

Reinforcement of concrete pavement. It is carried out by laying a reinforcing mesh with cells of 50x50 or 100x100 mm or knitting a reinforcing cage.

Advice. The chain-link mesh is not suitable for reinforcement - it is too flexible.

If insulation is not expected, the reinforcing mesh is laid directly on the rubble to a height of 20-30 mm. That will contribute to a better distribution of concrete.

Formwork device. Boards or plywood are installed strictly according to the level. In order to level the bursting force of concrete, the formwork is reinforced with stakes that are installed on its outer side. When installing, do not forget that the formwork is removable, which means that all seams will be visible after its dismantling. In this case, the blind area will have an ugly appearance. Therefore, when installing boards, you need to ensure that the internal seams are invisible.

Device expansion joints . To do this, we install wooden slats, boards (on edge), which are pre-treated with an antiseptic or tarred. The recommended distance between the expansion joints of the blind area is 2-2.5 meters. Expansion joints must be made diagonally at the place where the formwork turns (at the corners). The purpose of the expansion joint is to compensate for the thermal expansion of concrete during operation. They are set according to the level, taking into account the angle of inclination of the formwork, because. when pouring concrete, they are guided by them. As an alternative to wood, Guerlain butyl rubber tapes (10 rubles / m) or a hydro-swellable elastic cord, for example, Penebar Rapid SW45 A / B, can be used.

How to close the seams in the blind area?

According to reviews, those who ignored the formation of expansion joints after the first winter had cracks. Many people think that wood swells and lets moisture through. The resulting cracks can be sealed with special sealants, such as TEKTOR 103 mastic (225 rubles / piece), ISOSEAL P-40 (280 rubles / piece).

Pouring concrete pavement. When pouring concrete, care must be taken to ensure that no air pockets form, and that the cement mixture evenly fills the entire space. It is important that tubercles and depressions do not appear during pouring. Their presence will lead to stagnation of water in these places. If it is not possible to make the entire blind area at a time, part of it is poured, and then work is resumed.

Advice. When pouring the blind area, you can apply a technique for uniform distribution of concrete - bayonet. To do this, the concrete is “pierced” with a rod, and the mortar fills the entire space.

How to pour a concrete blind area around the house - video

Protection of the concrete blind area from destruction

Many are interested in how to cover the concrete pavement around the house. Indeed, without fail, after pouring the solution, the blind area must be protected from heaving, deformation, destruction, exposure to moisture, rain, snow. Consider how and what is the best way to do it.

Ways to protect the blind area of \u200b\u200bthe foundation:

Ironing of the concrete pavement around the house

How to iron the blind area with your own hands?

Dry method of ironing - freshly poured concrete is sprinkled with a layer of cement (2 mm) followed by grouting. Dry cement sets with concrete mortar and increases its ability to withstand water.

Wet method of ironing - 12-14 days after pouring (when the concrete dries), you need to walk along the surface of the blind area with a cement-sand mortar (1: 1) with the addition of lime dough (10% of the volume of the mixture).

Covering the blind area with a primer

Primers are suitable for this deep penetration, such as AURA Unigrund KRAFT (90 rubles). Priming solutions are used when additional finishing is planned. For example, laying tiles or painting. If this is not in the plans, it is better to use a water repellent, for example, Eskaro Aquastop Waterproof W (1200 rubles) or GKZH-11 (195 rubles / 5 l). Concrete hardeners are gaining popularity, such as Monopol 1 (1,600 rubles / 5 kg), Monolit-20M (1,200 rubles / 10 l), Protexil (3,600 rubles / 20 l) or Ashford Formula ($ 120 / 10 l).

Protecting the blind area with liquid glass

A solution of liquid glass and cement is a more budgetary version of a protective composition (primer, water repellent), providing a similar result. A solution with liquid glass is prepared from a mixture of cement, water and liquid glass in a ratio (ratio) of 1:1:1.

Covering the blind area with a layer of enamel

Enamel must meet certain parameters for frost resistance, vapor permeability, moisture resistance, and environmental friendliness. The polyurethane enamel ELAKOR-PU (220 rubles/kg) has proven itself excellently.

Facing the blind area with tiles, stone

Lay tiles (ceramic, clinker, paving), pebbles or natural stone on top of the concrete pavement. In this case, concrete acts as a binder solution.

near the blind area, it is desirable to install a storm drain, which will drain the flowing water and prevent silting of the site;

to ensure uniform drying of the poured concrete, the blind area is covered with a film. So, evaporated moisture will linger on its surface. Since it is difficult to cover a wide blind area with a film, it can be moistened periodically. The time to complete solidification with a blind area thickness of 100 mm is 1.5-2 weeks;

after the concrete has completely dried, the blind area is removed. Here you should be careful, because. removing the blind area can lead to damage to the edges of the blind area.

This procedure for performing work and taking into account all these nuances guarantees a long-term full-fledged functioning of the concrete blind area.

Do-it-yourself concrete pavement repair around the house

The most common problems include:

The appearance of cracks in the blind area

How to fix cracks in the blind area?

Elimination depends on the depth of damage (crevices, crevices, concrete breaks):

no more than 1 mm. "Self-healing" is used. Such a crack is not dangerous and is usually rubbed from friction during walking;

no more than 3 mm. Assumes the use of "cement test". Shallow cracks can be repaired (filled) liquid solution cement (1 part cement to 1 part water);

3-30mm. Such cracks are considered large. To eliminate them, you can use a special sealant of the type mentioned above TEKTOR 103, ISOSEAL P-40. You can repair the crack with a freshly prepared concrete solution. However, before that, the crack needs to be widened. In cross section, it should resemble a cone. Apply a primer over the entire area of the crack. Any will do, for example, Ceresit ST-17 (450-500 rubles / 10 l). Next, the solution is poured. You can use the so-called hydroseal, special solution based on cement that hardens in 15 minutes. As an example, putty Lugato 5-Minuten Mortel (410 rubles 5kg)

crack depth exceeding half the thickness of the blind area, this is already a split in concrete and refers to significant damage. It is eliminated only by expansion with the subsequent pouring of new concrete.

Stratification of the surface of the blind area over the entire area

In the language of the masters, this process is called concrete dusting or delamination (stratification). Several factors may be responsible for this phenomenon. For example, uneven hardening of concrete happens if you pour a concrete solution on a cold surface (observed when working in early spring) or make greater thickness blind areas. Increased air content in the concrete mix. Exceeding parts of crushed stone in the composition of concrete.

What to do if the concrete pavement crumbles?

If the process is just beginning, then the surface should be covered with a “cement paste” or a composition that contains liquid glass (proportions: cement, water and liquid glass - 1: 1: 1).

If the damage has reached a significant scale, then you need to take drastic measures:

determine the boundaries of damage to prevent its spread;
cut down part of the concrete;
cover the edges of the blind area with a primer;
apply a new layer of mortar;
cover with foil until completely dry.

If you start, you will have to completely dismantle the blind area and fill in a new one. The measures described above will help extend the life of the blind area and save on alteration and reconstruction.

The cost of work on the device of a concrete blind area without material

And the last thing that interests everyone who wants to order the construction of a blind area is the prices for a concrete blind area. If you entrust the work to the masters, then the estimate should contain the costs of the work, which are presented in the table (approximate data at the end of 2015)

Service - work on the blind area of a private house	Doing the work yourself	The cost of the master's work per sq.m.
Material price	We do not take into account, because cost will be the same
Removal of the old blind area (dismantling)	0	65
Marking and excavation (depth 600 mm.)	0	300
Clay water lock device	0	100
Laying foil or geotextile	0	40
Backfilling of the sand layer + rammer (5 mm.)	0	80
Formation of crushed stone layer (100 mm)	0	80
Installation of a storm water inlet	0	250
Pipe laying (per meter)	0	50
Concrete blind area device (ready-made concrete)	0	300
Concrete pavement device (concrete mixing)	0	650
Total	Saving	About 1200-1400 rubles

At the same time, keep in mind that it is unlikely that you will be able to negotiate a significant discount here. After all, this price does not take into account the cost of materials. For a complete picture, we recommend that you familiarize yourself with the cost of materials for the manufacture of a concrete blind area for 1 m.

Conclusion

Agree, a good incentive to make a blind area of concrete with your own hands. Moreover, from the above instructions it is clear that this work does not require special tool, some special materials, only the desire to protect the foundation of the house with a reliable barrier.

The construction of the house is completed, but the owners still have a lot of trouble, primarily aimed at ensuring the safety of their new home. Building construction, no matter how strong they may seem at first glance, without proper protection they can be significantly affected by the effects of frost, snow and rain, winds. This effect on the foundation is especially dangerous, because its deformation or partial destruction can adversely affect the strength of the entire structure of the house. As a protective measure around the house, it is recommended to build a blind area - it is it that is designed to protect the foundation from the destructive effects of precipitation.

What is the blind area of a private house

The blind area of a private house is a strip dense material, for example - concrete or asphalt, which is adjacent to the foundation, protecting it from moisture. When laying the blind area, the slope angle recommended by building codes must be observed, which allows melt or rain water to drain freely, usually it is in the range of 10 to 15 degrees.

The recommended width of the blind area of a private house is from 0.8 to 1.2 - 1.5 m, it is located around the entire perimeter of the structure. It is difficult to overestimate the importance of the blind area for houses with ground floor or basement: it not only significantly increases the strength of the foundation, but also contributes to the creation of an additional insulating layer that creates a thermal cushion.

In addition to the protective functions of the blind area around the house, it helps to give a more aesthetic and complete look to the building. Practical owners resort to building a blind area not only around a residential building, but also around all kinds of technical and service premises, brick fences built on the estate.

Types of blind area

In construction, it is customary to subdivide blind areas into three types:

made of asphalt or stones
classical
monolithic.

Classic blind area usually has a width of 80 cm, is built around the entire perimeter of the structure, its slope is about 10 degrees. However, the width of the blind area should be selected taking into account the protrusion of the roof of the house, at least 20 cm should be added to it. The width may also depend on the type of soil in the area where the house is located: the easier the soil is compressed, the wider the blind area should be. If there is a basement in the house, it is recommended to insulate the blind area with heat insulating material.

It should be noted that the blind area, no matter what material it is made of, will be subject to destructive effects if the drainage from the roof is not done correctly or is missing.

Clay can be used as the basis for a classic blind area. The order of work is as follows: a shallow (about 10 cm) trench is dug around the perimeter of the house, wet clay is poured into it and compacted tightly. After drying, the clay forms a dense mass that can provide the proper level of protection against moisture.

The boundaries of the blind area are curbs, they should be dug into the ground up to half in height.

On top of the clay layer, crushed stone of medium fraction is poured and it is tightly compacted. Concrete is used as the last layer cement mortar, reinforced or monolithic, a composition of asphalt and artificial filler. The use of asphalt concrete, popular in urban housing construction, in a private house may not be practical: its laying requires the use of professional equipment and compliance with operating standards. In addition, the laying of asphalt concrete should be carried out at a material temperature of about +120 degrees and an air temperature of at least +5 degrees.

For styling stone blind area you will have to stock up on a sufficient amount of cobblestones and stones. The trench in this case should have a depth of about 30 cm. Gravel is laid at the bottom of the trench, rammed, then clay is poured and compacted. To provide protection from moisture, a layer of insulating material - roofing material - is laid below and above the clay layer. Next, they proceed to the construction of a decorative layer: selected stones are laid on the cement mortar.

Experts consider the best option monolithic type blind areas. Do-it-yourself monolithic blind area at home can be performed if the owners are familiar with the technology for performing such work. In addition, it will require serious financial costs. In order to fill the trench, only clean sand is used, it is compacted and poured with a layer of concrete 6 to 8 cm thick. Concrete must be of good quality and be resistant to freezing. The structure must be reinforced with reinforcement laid on the base before pouring concrete.

Also, one should not forget about the need to create an expansion joint in a monolithic structure. To do this, carefully selected and processed resin and by special means board. Preference should be given to boards with a thickness of more than 15 mm. The temperature joint will prevent cracking of the monolithic coating, increase its resistance to mechanical stress with sharp drops.

How to make a blind area at home with your own hands

And now let's take a closer look at how to make a blind area at home with the help of self-made reinforced slabs. It is not very difficult to make them. To create slabs, you will need to make a formwork 60x60 cm in size. It is recommended to do it immediately on two slabs located side by side. The height of the slab is 3 cm. sand-cement mortar they were easy to take apart.

For increase quality characteristics it is recommended to reinforce the plates; for a plate with a thickness of 3 cm, it is very important to give additional rigidity. As a reinforcing component, you can use any mesh with a cell size greater than 8x8 cm. Too large cells will lead to a decrease in the strength and rigidity of the finished product. You can use as a reinforcing component any hardware, for example, a cable or wire, but always cleaned of insulation.

After the formwork has been made, you can begin to manufacture the slabs. The base of the formwork will need to be covered with polyethylene. The film should be carefully leveled. Next, the formwork is poured 2/3 in height with a solution prepared from 3 parts of sand and 1 part of cement, the prepared reinforcing mesh is laid, and the rest of the solution is added until the desired height is obtained.

To improve the setting process, the surface of the tiles is covered with burlap. Formwork can be removed after 3-4 days. Plates made in this way can be used even if the drain is not organized properly. The slabs laid on the prepared base will serve for a long period, moreover, their service life can be extended by periodically turning the slab 90 degrees.

In addition, hand-made slabs will help to ennoble the area around the house and give it a more decorative look: if desired, dyes can be added to the solution different shades- the plates will be colored.

Blind area of paving stones and paving slabs

Today, the construction market is saturated with all kinds of paving slabs and paving stones, their price is quite affordable, so often, instead of hand-made slabs for blind areas, they resort to buying ready-made finishes. Industrially manufactured boards have their own advantages:

they are very easy to fit
if necessary, damaged fragments are easily replaced with new ones,
such tiles are resistant to high loads, moisture and low temperatures.

It is quite possible to make a blind area at home with your own hands. In order for the blind area to last for a long time, it will be necessary to properly prepare its basis. A trench about 40-50 cm deep is dug around the house, a drainage layer is laid in it: gravel, crushed stone, coarse sand with a thickness of 25 to 35 cm. . Minimum value slope - 1.5%, i.e. about 8 mm for every 0.5 m blind area.

A gap of a couple of centimeters should be left between the foundation and the blind area, otherwise negative temperatures the tile, expanding, will create additional pressure on the foundation, which is highly undesirable. The gap can be covered with sand, or polystyrene, closed with several layers of roofing material.

After the drainage layer, a layer is built reinforced concrete, pour the dry mixture, level it and ram it, lay tiles on it. An attractive factor in the use of paving slabs can be considered a variety of its shape, size, wide range of colors.

When choosing the best option for performing a blind area around the house, be sure to take into account not only the financial side of the issue and external attractiveness finishing material in order for the blind area to last for a long time, first of all, it will be necessary to take into account the features of the soil structure on the site, its geographical location, quality drainage system roofs of the house.

At the final stage of construction of a private house, developers have a feeling that the building is ready for operation. Wishing to immerse themselves in the solution of issues on the improvement of residential premises and move in as soon as possible, many do not attach serious importance to some points. An important nuance is the blind area around the house. It solves the problem of preventing waterlogging of the foundation around the building, ensures the durability of the building.

The blind area of a private house is an integral element of the building. You should not settle prematurely and celebrate housewarming, transferring its construction “for tomorrow”. Indeed, in an unprotected foundation exposed to moisture, strength gradually decreases, uneven shrinkage occurs.

Experienced builders around the building always construct an edging, which can be performed in various designs. Compliance technological recommendations allows you to reliably protect the foundation of the building throughout the period of operation. Only adhering to technology, you can properly make a blind area around the house. Consider the purpose of the protective edging, parameters and designs. We will decide on the choice of building materials for the performance of work, and also study how, in accordance with the technological requirements, a blind area is made around the foundation of the building.

What is the blind area around the house for?

Protecting the foundation, the blind area of a private house is made in the form of a kind of edging around the building, which has a slight slope to the outside.

The blind area near the house, first of all, plays the role of a kind of protection along with a decorative function

It is designed to solve serious problems:

prevent the impact of precipitation on the foundation of the structure;
removal of moisture from the foundation into the storm sewer pipes;
reducing the depth of soil freezing along the contour of the building;
reduction of heat losses along the perimeter of the building foundation;
protection of the soil adjacent to the foundation from freezing and swelling;
limiting plant growth, protecting the surface of the foundation from roots;
forming a transition around the foundation, which improves the appearance of the structure.

After the completion of construction activities, begin to make a blind area so that before the autumn rains and winter frosts you have time to protect the adjacent soil from waterlogging, and the foundation of the building from destruction.

The blind area of a private house - operating parameters

In order to properly make a blind area around the house, follow the recommendations of professional builders.

A blind area is installed around the house with your own hands after the walls are laid out, when the time comes exterior finish

They focus the attention of novice developers on the following nuances:

the minimum width of the site, which should be at least 0.6 meters. Increasing the size to one meter increases the ease of movement around the building;
the need for free runoff of precipitation on the blind area. The width of the concrete edging must exceed the roof contour by at least 0.2 meters;
full girth of the foundation along the perimeter of the structure with a surrounding edging. The configuration of the protective path must not have gaps for reliable protection of the foundation;
providing a slope from the building to the ground from 1 to 10%. Exceeding the specified values, corresponding to the slope of the 1 m wide edging by 1–10 cm, may cause slipping;
pouring concrete mortar in the manufacture of edging with a layer of up to 10 cm. To increase the load capacity in wet soil conditions, the layer thickness is increased to 15 cm;
obligatory construction along the perimeter of the edging of the protective border. It additionally protects the foundation from damage by plant roots;
the formation of a towering edging above the soil level. With a difference of 5 cm above the ground surface, flooding of the protective contour along the outer edge is excluded.

Compliance with building codes will create favorable conditions for long term use.

From what building materials is the blind area around the building made?

Consider what building materials the blind area around the house is made of. Are popular:

artificial paving stone. It is presented in building supermarkets in an expanded range. Is different color solution, texture and form. The radial configuration prevents the edge sections from chipping. Dimensions and Structure artificial stone allow it to maintain integrity under the influence of various loads that occur when moving along the track. Special edging enhances the look. Building material is not afraid of frost, temperature fluctuations, quickly fits;

In addition to its direct purpose, the blind area "works" as a heater basements building

natural stone. Durable granite is used, from which paving stones of the required size are made. Finished products are blanks cut from a solid granite massif of a standard shape in the form of a cube or parallelepiped, as well as chipped parts. Laying process natural stone similar to the technology of installing paving stones made of concrete. A sand and gravel layer 4–5 cm thick is preliminarily formed. Then stone paving stones are laid, seams at the junction of elements are sealed;
concrete. The use of concrete mix budget solution, which makes it possible to form a surface with increased strength, as well as high water repellency. Concreting is carried out in a collapsible formwork made of wood on a previously prepared soil. To ensure the integrity of the concrete mass during deformations, expansion joints are made along the perimeter of the building. To improve perception, a layer of pebbles of pebbles up to 50 mm in size can be laid on the surface. This decoration gives the concrete an original look;
paving slabs. A significant advantage of this building material is the accelerated replacement of cracked elements. The dimensions and configuration of the tiles are regulated by the requirements of the current standard. Applies square tiles with maximum size 50x50 cm, as well as rectangular products up to 100 cm long. Standard products are distinguished by gray color. But there are also multi-colored products with a decorative pattern. If the dimensions of the tiles correspond to the parameters of the edging, it is easy to quickly lay paving slabs without sizing;

The width of the strip should not be equal to the level of the ledge of the roof, nor should it be narrower than this protruding edge.

gravel. This building material allows you to quickly and with minimum expenses arrange a protective edging around the building. This option is used for closely spaced aquifers and the presence of drainage communications along the perimeter of the structure. Instead of crushed stone, expanded clay granules or gravel can be used. The gravel layer should be carefully compacted by first laying a geotextile fabric on the ground. It is easier to move along compacted gravel, and geotextiles will not allow weeds to germinate, protect building materials from mixing with the soil.

Most private developers perform the concrete edging of the building. For its construction, the following building materials and tools will be required:

waterproofing building materials for coating (roofing material, geotextiles);
planed boards for the construction of formwork;
reinforcing bars or purchased mesh with a cell size of 100x100 mm;
fine sand, cleaned of impurities, and medium fraction gravel;
portland cement marked at least M300 and clay;
sheet expanded polystyrene for a heat-insulating layer;
wooden stakes and marking cord;
bayonet and shovels for earthworks;
compaction device to facilitate ramming;
bubble level, necessary to check the levelness.

Having decided on the coating and preparing the building materials, proceed to further work.

Initially, the marking of the future protective strip is carried out, for the arrangement of concrete protection

The blind area of a private house - constructive options

The edging around the building differs in manufacturing methods, as well as design features. They include two layers that perform different functions:

underlying. It is made of purified sand, fine gravel and clay. A working coating is laid on a previously compacted base;
finishing. It is formed from moisture-resistant building materials that protect the foundation of the building from excess moisture. Represents a surface with an enhanced appearance.

Answering the question of how to make a blind area around the house, we inform you that there are various solutions. The standard classification of blind areas provides for the following varieties:

soft. The intermediate layer formed between the outer material and the soil is made in the form of a special cushion. It includes several compacted layers. The greatest load is taken by the outer layer, made of fine gravel-crushed stone mixture. The use of bulk building materials reduces the amount of costs, significantly reduces the duration of work. Despite a significant drawback - low durability, the soft version is used with a limited estimate;
medium hard. This is an option based on a sand-gravel mixture. For fine cladding, various building materials are laid on a compacted pillow - ceramic tiles, natural and artificial paving stones, ordinary cobblestones, as well as porcelain stoneware. The design does not provide for thermal insulation and the construction of semi-rigid edgings on soils prone to frost heaving. The acceptable level of costs and the ease of construction are due to the lack of concreting. Customers are attracted simple technology and low consumption of building materials;

In order for the future blind area of \u200b\u200bthe house to be strong, withstand compressive and tensile loads, it must be reinforced

hard. Constructed by concreting with pre-installation reinforcing cage to improve the strength characteristics of the array. Rigid construction allows for thermal insulation. It is characterized by increased durability, equal to the duration of the operation of the building. Despite the serious advantages, there are a number of disadvantages. This is an increased labor intensity of forming a rigid base, an increased amount of expenses, as well as the need to use special finishing building materials.

The choice of the optimal option is made individually depending on the possibilities.

How to make a blind area around the house - the main stages

The standard technology provides for the following operations:

Site preparation.
Moisture protection.
Performing backfilling.
Formwork assembly.
Heat insulator installation.
Reinforcement.
Pouring concrete.

We will try to answer the question of how to make a blind area at home.

Preparatory activities

The sequence of preliminary work:

Vegetation removal.
Cleaning the outer layer of the soil.
Performing markup.
Placement control relative to the edge of the roof.
Extraction of soil around the perimeter.
Export of fertile soil.

When performing work, pay attention to the horizontalness of the prepared surface.

Waterproofing protection

For the device of a hydrolock can be used:

waterproofing rolls. Roofing material, geotextile or polyethylene is used. They are laid without stretch on a compacted and moistened layer of sand;
clay. On a sand cushion 5 cm thick compacted and spilled with water, an array of oily clay is formed, with a layer thickness of up to 12 cm.

These building materials provide a high level of waterproofing.

The poured concrete mixture should flow towards the house, slightly squeezing it

Pillow device

Filling is done as follows:

Fill the bottom of the pit with crushed stone with a layer thickness of 10 cm.
Add sand, water and compact.
Form the required slope of the surface.

For drainage, it is necessary to lay pipes under a layer of rubble, ensuring the slope of the mains.

We make formwork

The algorithm of actions for assembling a wooden frame:

Cut wood pieces.
Soak the wood with an antiseptic.
Drive vertical supports into the soil.
Nail the boards.
Seal gaps.
Create an expansion joint.
Check the correct assembly of the formwork.

When performing work, form transverse seams using thin strips spaced in 2 m increments.

Do not erect a blind area immediately after the construction of the base

Heat insulator installation

Installing the heater is easy:

Lay the foam sheets.
Seal the gaps with mounting foam.
Cut off the cured foam.
Lay styrofoam boards.

How to properly perform reinforcement and concreting

Laying reinforcement and pouring concrete is the final stage. Sequencing:

Tie the reinforcing cage from cut blanks, lay it in the formwork.
Prepare the concrete mixture, pour, ensuring an equal thickness.
Compact the array by forming the required angle of inclination.
Cover with polyethylene, maintain the required moisture content of the concrete.

After the final hardening of the concrete, dismantle the formwork.

Results

The recommendations of the builders will help to make the blind area correctly. It is necessary to decide on the design, observe the recommended dimensions and technology. It is important to ensure harmonious combination edging and exterior decoration of the building.

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Regardless of the purpose of the building, it requires a blind area. Helpful Tips will help in answering the question: "How to make a blind area around the house with your own hands?". This is a useful building element, which is a strip of concrete mix that is adjacent to the building around the entire perimeter of the house. This design protects the foundation from soil displacement, from groundwater and precipitation. It is important to fill it before the onset of cold weather, as the frozen soil puts a lot of pressure on the foundation.

High-quality concrete tape around the building looks very aesthetically pleasing and is a great addition. landscape design

Before carrying out the installation for pouring, you need to select optimal width stripes. Wherein minimum size is equal to 0.9 meters. This element can reach a width of 2.5 meters.

In addition, the tape for diverting water is used as a walking path. It is worth calculating the size so that concrete element went beyond the boundaries of the cornices by 30 cm.

It is also important to choose the right slope of the strip in the direction from the walls. In this case, the area near the wall will have a small height, and the edge of the tape will go level with the ground.

When deciding how to make a comfortable blind area around the house with your own hands, it is worth considering lifting a height of 16 mm by 1 meter. At the same time, you can walk on it, and the liquid will not accumulate.

Helpful information! During winter cold such an option can turn into a skating rink.

Preparation: important steps

Before pouring the blind area, preparatory work is carried out. You need to make a foundation. In this case, a concrete screed is performed:

at a certain distance from the wall, pegs are driven in, and markings are made. A cord should be pulled over them;

excavation is carried out, while the soil layer is removed by 20-25 cm. The depth of the recess should be the same everywhere;

a layer of sand must be shed with water and compacted several times;

Helpful advice! The sand should have a uniform structure without crushed stone and broken bricks.

How to make a blind area around the house with your own hands: important stages of work

Most often, the completed trench is concreted using formwork. Along the entire contour of the concrete tape, special equipped recesses (grooves) are mounted to remove water.

Related article:

How are expansion joints made?

At the junction of the wall and the protective concrete sheet, an expansion joint is made, the size of which varies from 1 to 2 cm in width. It is filled with sand and roofing material. You can also use a styrofoam band with a piece of plywood.

To simplify the laying of the blind area, you can mount the tape in separate blocks. For this, slats are used, which are installed across the formwork.

Helpful advice! To prevent water from penetrating between the concrete and the rail, it is better to seal these areas with sealant.

How is formwork poured?

When deciding how to make a blind area around the house with your own hands, it is worth using concrete. The composition is prepared from one part of cement, part of sand and three parts of crushed stone. The mixture is poured in portions.

In this case, the end parts at the top of the jumpers coincide with the surface of the blind area. The concrete composition should be leveled with a wide trowel. The mixture is compacted with an iron rod or a vibrator. The reinforcing piece is immersed in concrete and rotates.

Punctures help eliminate bubbles. This makes the concrete more dense. To give strength to concrete, dry cement should be scattered, which will absorb excess moisture. Then, using a metal trowel, cement is well rubbed into the surface to a dark gray color.

The finished tape should be covered with burlap from sun rays. If there is no rain, then the material must be periodically moistened with concrete, otherwise it will not gain strength. A blind area can be created by a person who does not have building skills.

Do-it-yourself blind area around the house: videos and useful recommendations

A monolithic tape around the building allows you to strengthen the waterproofing properties of the base and walls. Also, this part is distinguished by functional properties, and also performs an aesthetic function. The width of the tape must be more than a meter. This parameter depends on the protrusion of the roof structure.

Do-it-yourself blind area around the house made of concrete: video and installation features

When determining how to make a blind area around the house with your own hands, you need to properly excavate the soil. Be sure to treat all the walls of the excavation with a special compound that will help destroy weeds. If this is not done, then weed grass will destroy the structure made.

Along the entire contour of the structure is laid out curbstone or removable formwork. The bedding material is then produced and carefully compacted. Depending on the material to be used, the designs will differ in laying methods:

laying stone or cobblestone. In this case, the height of the material should not be more than 10 cm. Installation is carried out on a laid out sand flooring. If crushed stone is used, then the thickness will be less. The space between the cobblestones is covered with sand;
if you do a blind area around the house with your own hands from, then you do not need to lay an additional layer of fine gravel and sand. All voids between individual tiles are also sprinkled with sand. To make tile installation easy, you need to make a strip of such a size that you do not have to cut the tile.

Application is the most beneficial and the best option for arranging a blind area. Because it has many advantages. This is the possibility of repairing the coating in parts and a long service life.

If the soil is non-porous, then clay is used. If the soil is heaving, then a sandy layer is also used along with clay.

Installation of any blind area consists of the following steps:

a sand cushion is placed on the base of the soil. A layer of crushed stone is leveled on top;
between two surfaces at the junction there is a deformation layer. It will prevent cracking and deformation of the tape. Several layers of roofing material are mounted between the surface of the base and the blind area;

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