Drainage of a site with clay soil. Do-it-yourself drainage of a site on clay soils: technology and rules for installing the system. Budget options for protection against excess moisture

Do-it-yourself site drainage clay soils can be produced. This is necessary for the reason that in areas where clay soil predominates, water often lingers, not being able to go into the soil. In view of this circumstance, they begin to feel bad, this leads to the fact that they do not develop properly. In order to solve this problem, it is certainly worth equipping the drainage of the site. It is possible to carry out such work correctly if you read the recommendations below.

Features of the territory with a predominance of clay soil

Do-it-yourself drainage of the site is usually necessary for the reason that such territories are characterized by excessive stagnant water. At the same time, the roots of plants are constantly under the influence of moisture, and the air does not enter there in the required volume. This sooner or later becomes the cause of oxygen starvation, while cultivated plants can no longer develop normally and eventually die. In particular, this phenomenon applies to lawns, which suffer not only from excess moisture, but also because of a fairly dense turf, because it is not loosened even from time to time and is not subjected to plowing. This leads to dense layer, located on top, prevents the full saturation of plants with air.

Do-it-yourself site drainage on clay soils should be equipped before you plant a lawn or all kinds of crops. After that, it will be possible to use the site immediately after the winter season comes to an end, which is accompanied by the disappearance of the snow cover.

What parameters of the site must be taken into account when designing

Before the drainage system is equipped, as a rule, a calculation is made and a project is drawn up. future system. However, if you have to work with a territory whose area is not too large, then it is not at all necessary to make a calculation when designing. At the same time, the main condition is the need to take into account the main parameters of the system for draining water from the territory. Among them, it is necessary to highlight all the data related to drainage, namely: slope, location depth, location according to the plan, step between rows, installation of manholes, as well as the wellhead. The territory of a suburban area is not in all cases flat, for this reason, if there is even a slight slope of the soil surface, then it should certainly be used.

Application of terrain features

Do-it-yourself drainage of the site on clay soils must be equipped taking into account the slope of the soil surface. If we compare oblique and flat area, it should be noted that it will be somewhat easier to work with the first one. Moreover, in this case, when arranging the drainage system, labor costs will be many times reduced. At the same time, it is necessary to carry out work in such a way that indoor and outdoor drainage are successfully combined.

In the latter case, in the process of work, ditches are used that have an open top. Such a system is also called surface. It will be most effective for the outflow of excess water during the warm season, it is at this time that rain falls. a large number of rainfall, which causes a rise in the level. This type of drainage is indispensable in winter period. In a number of latitudes in winter, thaws are quite frequent, which are accompanied by frozen soil, which is not able to absorb water, and it becomes necessary to drain the liquid from the soil surface. In the cases described, it is absolutely necessary to equip the drainage of the site with your own hands, how to do this - you should certainly be interested.

Description of open and closed types of drainage

If you decide to mount the system open type, then it is necessary to use a special tile, it has a slight slope, which will effectively remove excess moisture. Through such a system, liquid from the roofs of houses and paved areas will flow into a closed drainage system, which acts as a leader. Closed drainage will work as follows: the liquid that comes from the surface of the soil will begin to flow through underground utilities, which have a shape and look like pipes. Before starting work, it is necessary to take into account the characteristics of clay soil, which has a significant weight and high density. This indicates the need for its loosening before starting work. During the installation of drains, you will need to bypass areas that are intended for vehicles.

Closed installation

If you decide to equip the drainage of the site with your own hands, you should definitely know how to do this. Before starting work, it is imperative to determine which type of water intake will be used in this system. In its role can be, for example, a natural reservoir, quite often used alternative solution, which involves the withdrawal of water into an artificially equipped ditch. It must be located close to the road. But it may also happen that there are none, while the task can be solved in several ways, each of them can be implemented independently. There are several options for arranging the outflow of fluid. You can equip the reservoir on your own, making it in the form of a pond. At the same time, you should not be afraid that it will eventually begin to resemble a wetland. small size. In addition, you can dig a ditch yourself. It must be made deep, and located outside the boundaries of its own site. If you decide to use last option, then it must first be agreed with the neighbors.

Alternative stock option

If you intend to do the drainage of the site with your own hands, you should definitely know how to make the system, otherwise it will not cope with its functions, the plants on the territory will die, and the work will have to be done again. The third option for organizing water flow involves digging oversized wells. Their walls must be made vertical, and after filling, the water must be pumped out using a pump. Such manipulations will have to be done from time to time. For units, the pumping mode can be made automatic.

earthworks

Before draining garden plot with your own hands, you will first have to dig trenches. It is necessary to arrange them along the perimeter of the suburban area. At the same time, the trenches will have to be given such a depth and width that they should not be more than 1.2 and 0.4 m. After the ditches are prepared, it is necessary to lay pipes in them that are intended to collect water. These ditches, by the way, have the name of the main ditches. Pre-laid pipes must reach the water intake. In order to fill the main channels, it is preferable to use pipes with a diameter of 110 mm for this. The depth of the main pipelines, when compared with the collecting branches of the system, should be somewhat greater. Must be carried out according to the rules of work, when the drainage of the site is arranged with your own hands, advice and guidance must be read before starting work. This is the only way to achieve the desired result.

Laying pipelines

In the work, it is imperative to follow the rules that are prescribed in the regulatory and technical literature. They regulate the need to remove drainage pipelines from the fence. So, the step between the pipeline and the fence should be 0.5 m or more. It should be noted that the pipeline should also be removed from the blind area main building, departing from it during installation of 1 m. The liquid will initially begin to collect in drainage trenches, only then it will enter the main channels. A whole network of trenches must be created on the territory, the depth and width of which, respectively, must be equal to 1.2 and 0.35 m.

The drainage of the site must necessarily have a certain slope, the master can easily produce a diagram and a device with his own hands. Thus, the trench network must be equipped with a slope that is 5 cm per meter. The channels should not have a large length. If you apply this rule, then the drainage system will work properly. A less impressive slope is not recommended, this is due to the fact that the fluid flow rate will not be as intense as necessary, this will ultimately cause stagnation in a certain area. If you have to work in the territory clay area, then the drains should be located at a distance of 10 m from each other.

Checking the system for operability

On clay soil, after trenches are dug and pipes are laid in them, it does not imply instant closure of the elements. Before you have to check the drainage for performance and efficiency.

The trench network must remain open for some time. For testing, heavy rainfall is the most successful option. If such an opportunity does not appear for a long time, then it is simply necessary to let water from the irrigation hose into the trenches. In this case, you should observe how quickly the flow of water will pass through the system. The absence of stagnation in all areas indicates the correct functioning, this is the only way to check the drainage of the site with your own hands, the technology and rules must be known to the master, only then everything will work without stagnation. If there is a need, then even at this stage it is necessary to adjust certain parameters that will increase the flow rate.

Solving system functionality problems

If, when checking the system, it was found that it does not work efficiently enough, then pipes of a larger diameter can be installed, in addition, the slope can be increased. In some cases, masters make a system that is equipped with a denser network. You can close the system if the drainage of the site is working properly, especially how to drain the soil - all this is important to know even before the start of work.

The final stage

You can close the system with geotextiles that can pass water. Instead, it is permissible to use volumetric filters that perform well in the drainage of clay soils. The most practical for drainage work are plastic pipes with a diameter of 63 mm, the surface of which must be corrugated. The connection of pipes must be carried out by means of tees.

The cost of arranging drainage

If you decide to do the drainage of the site with your own hands on clay soils, the price professional installation you should definitely be interested. This may help you decide whether to carry out the work yourself or entrust the matter to professionals. So, if you decide to turn to specialists, then the cost of a running meter of surface drainage will cost 1,300 rubles. Whereas the same amount of work, but over deep drainage, will cost 2400 rubles.

Regular flooding of the site in the spring becomes a serious problem for every owner. Not only the foundation of the country house suffers from this, but also garden trees. If the soil is waterlogged, then the solution to the problem will be the creation of a drainage system. It is a set of channels and drains. A competent approach to its device will ensure easy transportation drainage water in a special well or reservoir located nearby.

Features of clay soils

Experts recommend that novice summer residents after acquiring a site, the first thing to do is determine the type of soil prevailing on the territory of the suburban hacienda. If there is sandy soil or black earth, then it becomes easier for the owner to grow plants, and when building structures, there is no serious problems. If the soil is clayey, the owner will have to face a certain set of problems.

The main problem is sticky mud, which is formed when the soil is waterlogged. In addition, with excessive humidity, difficulties arise with the conduct of economic activities.

In the rainy season, an area with clay soil becomes like a swamp. It, being waterlogged, provokes the processes of rotting of the root system of plants. If they are nearby, then this problem becomes even more serious. In this case, the humidity is maintained on a constant basis. Dry soil will be only on hot days of summer.

Wet soil is dangerous not only in summer, but also in winter, because it provokes freezing of the soil to a considerable depth. And this leads to the fact that the foundation, wet due to excess moisture, begins to collapse and plants also suffer. Them root system freezes and dies. In order to avoid all these problems on a site with clay soil, it is recommended to arrange a drainage system.

Construction of a drainage system

If it so happened that you purchased a plot dominated by clay soil, then the most The best decision to make your life easier and conduct activities in the country - water diversion. One year of operation of the drainage system will be enough to notice positive changes in the condition of the soil.

The result of the created drainage system can be seen in the harvest that the garden will bring to its owner. In order to check the permeability of the soil, it is enough to carry out a simple test. It involves digging a small hole 60 cm deep. It is filled with water.

If after a day the water has soaked into the soil, then this indicates that there is no problem with water drainage in your area. In this case, a drainage ditch on your country hacienda is unnecessary. If the water partially remains in the hole, then this indicates poor permeability of the soil. The owner should think about taking measures to create a drainage system.

The nuances of the device of the drainage system

In order to equip the drainage system in accordance with all the rules, should be considered:

Financial opportunities.
Land area.
The amount of incoming moisture. This is not only groundwater and melt water, but also precipitation.

There are several drainage options. He can be:

Superficial. Such a system is quite inexpensive to set up.
Buried. He is different complex design, and during construction, you have to spend a lot of time and physical effort, as well as incur serious cash costs.

Experts recommend that when creating a drainage system, arrange both types of drainage. In this case, high-quality drainage of the soil in the area with clay soil is ensured.

Surface drainage - These are trenches or ditches that have a shallow depth. To create a buried drainage system, it is necessary to use geotextile fabric and use special pipes. You need to dig a trench first. Its bottom is covered with a layer of sand. After that, pipes are laid on the created pillow, and a geofabric is placed on top of them. Next comes another layer of sand. The earth is laid out on top. When carrying out such work in areas with clay soil, the main attention should be paid to good loosening of the bottom of the drainage trench before it is put into operation.

Tools and materials

To perform work on the creation of site drainage you need to prepare the following tools:

When constructing open trenches, pipes, geofabric, crushed stone are not required. However, care must be taken to purchase a special protective mesh. It will be used to cover ditches, thereby ensuring their protection against foreign objects and animals. And also for the device you will need trays or tiles.

If the need arose in creating drainage over a large area, then before starting work on the construction of the system, it is necessary to carry out preliminary engineering calculations, and in addition to draw up a plan for the future drainage system. If the site is small, then for its arrangement it is possible to create a drainage system without having any plan at its disposal.

However, in order for the system being created to turn out to be competent and efficient, it is necessary to take into account the features of the landscape of the site during its construction.

The drainage itself is a central main drainage system and has the form of a channel or several mains, supplemented by side channels.

In the site drainage system auxiliary channels should be located every 10 meters. Their connection should be made at an acute angle. The drainage system itself in its shape should resemble a Christmas tree.

When laying the main, a pipe with a diameter of 10 cm is used. In the side ditches, it is necessary to lay a pipeline with a diameter of 5-6.5 cm. in a nearby natural water body.

Carrying out work

Competent creation drainage on a site with clay soil involves several stages. All work within their framework must be carried out in a certain sequence.

Planning. The marking of the site for the created drainage system should take place on the basis of a previously developed work plan. To determine the depth of the trench, experts recommend focusing on the depth of soil freezing in a particular region. In this case, pipes should not be laid below the foundation level of nearby buildings. They should be placed 50 cm above the lower level of the base of buildings.

Excavation. If a flat landscape prevails on the site, then in this case it is necessary to equip the natural slope of the highway and side ditches.

Sand cushion construction. Its thickness should be no more than 15 cm. When creating, it is necessary to carefully compact it, and cover it with crushed stone or expanded clay from above.

Pipe laying. Their connection is carried out using tees and crosses. The best way to create a drainage system is to use polymer pipes with perforation or use products wrapped with geotextile fabric.

Backfill. If pipes without geotextile were used to create the drainage of the site, then it is laid out directly on the pipeline. Finished polymer products do not need additional winding. A layer of crushed stone and sand is then laid on the products laid in the ditches, and then the soil. You can use the soil that was excavated during earthworks.

Most experts recommend not to fill the soil until the system has been tested for performance. To do this, you should wait for the first shower. Or you can fill the area with water yourself, and then see how the drainage works.

If the water leaves rather quickly, then the system is created without any errors. In the event of a slowdown in the outflow of moisture, you will have to take care of creating additional ditches. Their backfilling with soil is carried out with the formation of a tubercle in the center. This is a reserve for soil shrinkage. After some time, it will settle and the surface will be smooth. If there is no opportunity to divert moisture into a natural reservoir on your site and you cannot let it flow by gravity, then you will have to take care of building a well from concrete rings or using plastic container.

Important Points

When creating a drainage used geofabric acts as an additional filter. Thanks to it, the entry of large debris into the ditches is excluded. It is generally accepted that it is not necessary to use it on clay soils.

In the absence of a slope, a situation of stagnant water may occur, and the drainage system will be flooded. When forming the slope of the pipes of the drainage system, it is necessary that it vary from 1 to 7 cm for each meter of the pipeline.

Products laid in ditches must be covered with a layer of at least 15 cm thick. This rule applies not only to sand, but also to crushed stone and soil.

When creating ditches for main canals it is necessary that their depth be in the range from 40 cm to 1.2 m. If this parameter goes beyond the specified limits both upwards and downwards, this will make drainage inefficient.

open drainage arranged mainly in order to divert water in the warm season. Ditches need to be laid out special tiles or install trays, thanks to which it is possible to provide enhanced outflow of storm water into the closed part of the system.

Maintenance of the created system involves its periodic inspection, as well as carrying out using drainage pump. A complete cleaning of the drain using a pneumatic unit and cleaning tools should be carried out by specialists at intervals of every four years. It is also necessary to clean open ditches manually.

For the owner of a site with a clay type of soil creating an effective drainage system is an opportunity to avoid turning your site into a swamp. If groundwater is close to the surface, and the amount of precipitation is significant, then the probability of this is very high. Creating a drainage system with your own hands is a very simple task, especially if you have an idea of \u200b\u200bits competent device.

Sequential execution necessary work according to the scheme, following the recommendations of experts will create effective drainage on the site, thanks to which you can get rid of excessive soil moisture. It will be dry around and you will be able to avoid the destruction of the foundation of buildings on your site and the death of plants and trees in the garden.

The accumulation of melt or precipitation water on the site leads to many unpleasant consequences. To solve this problem, drainage structures are used, the functionality of which is especially important for clay soil, which does not conduct moisture well. Read below for a step-by-step guide to installing a drainage system with your own hands.

Drainage for clay soil

Before organizing drainage in a site with clay soil, it is important to know the features of such soil. A small test is done first. To do this, you need to dig a hole about 60 cm deep, pour 6-7 buckets of water into it. If in a day the moisture is absorbed into the soil without residue, then the site does not need complex system drainage. In this case, stormwater or bulk drainage is sufficient. Clay soil will not completely absorb water and therefore the site requires more careful arrangement.

As a result of the fact that clay does not conduct moisture well, accumulations of water, puddles form in the upper layers of the soil. Excessive humidity leads to the destruction of the foundations of buildings, the death of plants and the creation of an overly humid atmosphere in the territory. Therefore, drainage is necessary and allows you to drain the clay soil, preventing unpleasant consequences.

For the organization of drainage, factors such as:

the amount of incoming moisture in the form of precipitation, melt water, automatic irrigation, etc.;
the area of the territory in need of drainage;
financial possibilities that determine the type and quality of materials used for drainage.

The combination of underground and surface drainage allows you to drain the soil, providing normal conditions for plants and preserving buildings. At the same time, the buried option involves digging deep ditches, using pipes, crushed stone, geotextiles, and building a well for diverted water. All this requires financial costs and requires careful calculation of parameters.

Surface drainage is shallow channels that are directed towards the well to collect water. From above, the recesses are covered with gratings and are easy to use. The system of such ditches does not require the use of pipes, since special material is laid on the bottom of the trenches. Thanks to this, moisture is transported to the well, and does not remain on clay soil.

The combination of surface and buried systems is optimal for clay soil. Each option requires the development of a diagram that indicates the location of ditches, a well and other elements. In this case, it is necessary to take into account the sequence of installation steps, because the drainage must perform its function quickly and efficiently.

Drainage device

To drain clay soil, surface and deep drainage is used. The first option can be tray type or with sand cushion. In any case, trenches are dug towards the well to collect water. The width of the ditches can be about 30 cm, and the depth is up to 50 cm. At the same time, a slight uniform slope towards the well is observed. For areas with a natural slope, this is not necessary.

For tray surface system special boxes are installed in the trenches or plastic trays through which water will be transported to the well. In the case of a sand cushion, a small layer of sand should be poured onto the bottom of the ditches, the size of which is slightly larger than with the tray method, then crushed stone almost to the edges of the recess. On top, you can pour multi-colored gravel or lay a layer of turf.

Deep drainage involves the creation of ditches into which layers of rubble, pipes for drainage, and geotextiles are laid. In the allotted place, a well is installed in the recess to collect water, pipes are laid on a layer of sand and geotextile in trenches, and then crushed stone is poured and the edges of the canvas are wrapped. The well must be located in extreme point plot, and all ditches are directed towards it.

Drainage scheme

Before starting work on creating drainage, the location of all elements of the system should be noted on the site plan. The well should be placed in the far corner, the ditches run along the perimeter of the house or other buildings, connect into one trench and lead to the well. When planning deep system it is worth considering that it is impossible to lay pipes in clay soil where heavy equipment and cars drive. As a result, the soil will sag and damage the drainage. So the best option is surface drying, which contributes to the rapid removal of moisture.

The diagram indicates the direction of each trench, as well as the slope of the ditches. If the site is located on a slope, then it is enough to simply dig ditches of the same depth to the well itself. On the flat surface slope calculation is carried out taking into account the norms.

The slope of the pipes is indicated by fractions, which are difficult for an ignorant person to understand. For example, 0.007 or 0.02. In fact, these numbers mean the ratio of the desired slope of the pipe to its length, expressed in meters. If you need to set a slope of 0.007, this means that for 1 linear meter of pipe, the height difference should be 7 mm. And if the slope is 0.02, then on one meter the height difference will be 2 cm. This difference in slopes is due to the fact that for pipes different diameter different minimum slope required. And the larger the diameter, the smaller the slope. For example, for diversion drains, pipes with a diameter of 9-11 cm are always used. The minimum slope for them is 0.02. This means that the slope of each meter of drain must be at least 2 cm.

After calculating all the parameters, materials are selected and the dehumidifier is installed. For surface drainage, plastic trays are used, which are installed taking into account the required slope and direction.

Do-it-yourself site drainage on clay soils - step-by-step instructions for installing various systems

Surface-type drainage can be organized with your own hands, using a diagram and selecting materials. A simple system consisting of trays, a well and other elements will ensure timely removal of moisture. Surface drainage supplement with deep or backfill, which enhances the efficiency of drainage.

Deep drainage: step by step instructions

Pipes are needed to create deep drainage. For the main line, elements with a diameter of 110 mm are used, and pipes with a diameter of 60 mm are optimal for additional ditches. The well is constructed from concrete rings or a special polymer container is inserted into the recess. Crushed stone fraction 20-40, coarse sand, geotextiles are also needed to create a drainage complex.

The complex of works includes the following actions:

For a well, a hole should be dug, the depth of which is 2–3 m. Concrete rings are installed from the very bottom. The finished container is mounted in the same way. Sand is poured at the bottom with a layer of 20 cm, and then crushed stone by 30 cm. There should be holes for incoming pipes in the rings or walls of the finished container. The height of their location is equal to the depth of the pipes in the ditches, that is, about 100 cm from the upper edge.
Next, you need to dig trenches according to the scheme. Their width is 50 cm, and the depth is 120 cm in the main line and 100 cm in the side lines. The main channels reach the well, while the slope is 5 cm per 1 linear meter of pipe length. At the bottom of the ditches, sand should be poured with a layer of about 20 cm, and then geotextiles should be laid. The edges of the canvas should be higher than the edges of the pit. Next, crushed stone is poured in a layer of 20 cm, perforated pipes are laid in compliance with the slope.
Docking of pipes among themselves is made by coupling or bell-shaped connections. In the area of turns and on straight sections, inspection wells must be installed every 25 cm. The height of such elements should ensure their elevation above the soil level. Revision wells are necessary to monitor the condition and clean the system.
Crushed stone should be poured onto the pipes so that the filter material completely covers them. Next, wrap the geotextile. The space remaining in the trench is covered with sand, and a layer of turf or decorative gravel is laid on top.

Installation of surface drainage

Deep drainage is designed to remove moisture from the soil, and the surface system helps prevent stagnant water in top layer clay soil. Rain moisture or melt water is immediately discharged into the well, transported through special chutes. This allows you to remove water from the roof of buildings and avoid the appearance of puddles in the area with clay soil.

For a surface system, the direction of the ditches should be marked on the site plan, which should lead to the well. The slope is the same as for deep drainage. Next, the following actions are carried out:

According to the scheme, small trenches are dug, which are well rammed. It is necessary to observe the slope of the ditches towards the well or water collectors. If the site has a natural slope, then the depth of the channels may be the same. The depth of the trenches in this case is up to 80 cm, and their width is 40 cm.
At the bottom of the trenches, sand is poured with a layer of 10 cm, and then the same amount of crushed stone of a fraction of 20–40. Next, you need to pour concrete mortar onto the filter material and immediately install trays to remove water.
At the end of each channel line, grit traps should be installed using the same installation method as for the gutters. Rain inlets under the drainpipes of buildings are mounted according to the same method. All parts are well connected to each other, forming single system. Next, the trays need to be covered from above with special gratings.

Drainage operation

Proper organization of a drainage system of any type is the key to comfort on a site with clay soils. Rapid removal of moisture after rain avoids the formation of puddles, high humidity air and destruction of the foundation of buildings. And also drainage is practical in the area where there are plants that do not tolerate stagnant water. In such a case, provision should be made drainage ditches around these plants.

During the operation of the deep and surface versions of the systems, it is necessary to regularly clean debris, leaves, grass and sand. This keeps the drainage efficiency. You also need to take into account the following features of operation:

revision wells, sand traps should be regularly cleaned of contaminants;
damage to buried pipes requires their timely replacement;
before completing the installation of the structure, you need to check it by pouring several buckets of water into pipes or trays. Moisture should quickly enter the main well;
in clay soil it is impossible to lay pipes in areas subjected to heavy loads.

To create drainage with your own hands, you should use only high-quality pipes and trays, durable geotextiles, crushed stone of the middle fraction and coarse sand. Couplings and other connections are important to be carefully fixed, which will avoid leakage of moisture in the wrong place.

Video: how to make a drainage storm drain

For a site on clay soil, a drainage system is necessary, as it allows you to eliminate excess moisture. In this case, clayey soil can settle, which requires careful development of the pipe layout.

In some places, groundwater comes close enough to the surface of the earth. Another problem can be heavy rainfall and water generated during snowmelt. Excessive moisture causes the death of crops, destroys the foundation of the house and household buildings. The solution to the problem will allow the creation of a do-it-yourself drainage system. This is laborious process, in which a significant amount of land work is carried out.

All work can be in vain if you do not create a drainage system on the site in time

It is desirable to deal with the arrangement of drainage at the stage of development of a summer cottage or garden plot. At the same time, it is necessary to collect information about the state of the land, professional hydrogeological studies and a system design are needed. However, most gardeners bypass this stage and create drainage in their small area on their own, based on a specific situation.

What water should be drained?

There are several sources of moisture entering the site, and a different approach is important to eliminate the influence of each of them. They are characterized by their own characteristics and require various activities for water withdrawal.

ground water

Such waters have a pronounced seasonal character and appear in spring. At ground water There is an input source and an output zone. They are more common in sandy soil.

The fact of the presence of groundwater can be established using wells. It is important to note the level of infiltrated moisture during drilling and compare it with the steady state level after a certain time after its appearance.

The drainage system must be installed when the groundwater level is 0.5 m below the foundation. In a different situation, there is a threat of gradual destruction of the foundation and an obstacle to the normal development of plants. It is necessary to create a system of channels and drainage pipes mounted at a depth of 25-35cm. below groundwater level. In this option, moisture will be removed to the lowlands, and waterlogging of the soil can be prevented.

Control well drilling

surface water

Clay soils are one of the reasons for excess water in the garden. Such soils are dense, do not pass moisture well. After rainy days, snow melting, water stagnation is observed on clay lands. Puddles interfere with normal movement around the site, the soil slips underfoot, and the roots of plants are deprived of air exchange. Drying, it becomes covered with a crust, which is not easy to loosen and dig.

Upper level waters

Verkhovodka - waters that, after being absorbed by the soil, encounter an obstacle in the form of a viscous layer of clay, which delays further penetration. This situation occurs on the ground with highly placed water-resistant layers, which usually indicates construction errors. They are evidenced by situations when, as a result of rain, puddles remain on the site and in the dug channels for a long time, after a certain time after construction is completed, moisture appears on the walls of the basement.

To divert the top water, you will have to equip the drainage of the garden plot with your own hands ( optimal solution- system of drainage channels). Protect the foundation from the waters of the upper level will allow backfilling foundation with clay, followed by tamping. Next, a blind area is made, wider than the backfill, and storm drains are diverted. During work, it is important to exclude the formation of pockets where water could stagnate.

Device diagram concrete blind area

On the slope it is advisable to equip terraces and concrete retaining walls, along which it is important to place drainage ditches. Resist perched water in summer cottages located below others will allow adding soil, since dumping wastewater nowhere else. An alternative is to draw drainage through neighbors' gardens or along a common road to a reservoir.

Budget options for protection against excess moisture

If it is possible to do without the expensive arrangement of the drainage system, you can try other measures:

organization of the blind area;
organization of storm sewers;
arrangement of upland ditches;
foundation waterproofing.

It makes sense to place the upland ditch on a slope, next to the site. It is located higher, "intercepts" the water, takes it to the gutter or pond.

Waterproofing is carried out at the stage of foundation construction, laying a layer of modern waterproofing material. Additionally inner surface the walls of the lower floor and basement are treated with penetrating waterproofing.

Storm sewer will not allow water to destroy the foundation of the house

Types of drainage

If none of the budget options suits or does not lead to the desired effect, you will have to arrange the drainage of the site with your own hands. According to the principle of creation, it is local and general. Local drainage solves specific problems (drainage of basement floors, building foundations). The general one is created when the entire territory of the site or its waterlogged part is drained.

Types of implementation of drainage systems

Several schemes of drainage systems have been developed on the territory of the site:

Ring. Drainage pipes form closed loop around the site, at home. They are laid 25-35 cm below the groundwater level. The scheme is rarely used due to the complexity of implementation (often a serious depth is required for the location of the drainage system).
Wall. It helps to divert water from the walls, so it is settled at a distance of 1.5-2.5 m from them. At the same time, the drain is located 5-10 cm below the level of rubble under the floor of the basement.
Systematic. Developed and evenly distributed network of drainage canals throughout the territory. Drains are laid with a certain, pre-calculated step.
Beam. It consists of a system of channels and drains, combined into a common system, resembling a Christmas tree in appearance. Installed to prevent flooding.
Plast. It removes the top water and is used in conjunction with the wall drainage system when creating slab foundation. Reservoir drainage - layers of non-metallic materials poured into the pit, and waterproofing. Reinforcement is laid on top of them, and then the foundation is poured.

Mounting methods

The type of drainage system is determined individually, based on the tasks to be solved at the site. The way to install them is as follows:

Closed. excess water through special holes it enters the drainage pipes, through which it is discharged into a storage well or reservoir. This outlet is well suited for soils with great content sand that is permeable to water.
Open. On the territory of the site (or around), channels with walls at an angle of 20-30º are carefully dug out, ceramic or concrete catchment trays are laid in them. To protect against debris brought by the wind, the ditches are covered with gratings. To prevent the canal walls from crumbling, their slopes are strengthened with stones or plants are planted.
Zasypnoy. It is applied on loamy soils and territories with viscous clay soils. Drainage pipes with holes are laid in deep ditches, where a backfill of sand and gravel is arranged, collecting water from closely spaced dense soils. The amount of backfill depends on the degree of moisture impermeability of local soils. The worse they conduct water, the more powerful the backfill.

The drainage system of the site is created taking into account the slope of the terrain and other indicators

Do-it-yourself drainage on the site is a network of interconnected channels located in the territory that needs to be protected from excess moisture. Special plastic pipes have holes 1.5-5mm through which excess moisture enters from the soil. The pipes are wrapped in several filter layers, the amount of which depends on the composition of the soil. For clay soils, pipes with three layers of filter textiles are used.

Diameter plastic pipes for private houses - up to 100 mm, with the removal of significant amounts of moisture - up to 150 mm. In the places of their connection and rotation, revision wells are installed. Such elements make it easier to clean when clogged and allow you to observe the system. Water flows into a single catchment well or discharge point (reservoir, ravine). A special collector well can be replaced by a concrete ring where pipes are led out. In such a case, it is important to provide a ring cover to prevent debris from entering.

Drainage pipes

Pipes for the drainage system can be purchased from ready-made or create your own. If there is no financial opportunity to buy these drainage components, they will help out plastic bottles. They are durable, so the system based on them will last at least 50 years. When creating a pipe, a hole is cut in the back of the bottle, where the neck of the next bottle is inserted. In another version, the bottles are simply stacked one behind the other with tightly closed corks.

Laying of drainage pipes is carried out according to the scheme, taking into account the slope of the site

From the many bottles made in this way, a closed drainage system is formed, which creates an air cushion in the trench. Sand is pre-filled at the bottom of the trench. For the system to work, several pipes made in a similar way should be placed side by side. From above, it is advisable to cover the rows of pipes from bottles with geotextiles. Water passes through the gaps between adjacent bottles.

You can create a drainage pipe from a sewer. To make holes in it for the penetration of moisture will allow the "Bulgarian". Cuts 10-20 cm long are made in the pipe, distributing the holes evenly over the surface.

It is important to provide a certain number of cuts in order to sewage pipe has not lost strength. The width of the holes should be up to 5 mm, the distance between them should not exceed 50 cm.

A drill will also allow you to make holes. It is important to ensure that their diameter is less than the fraction of crushed stone being poured (otherwise it will fall into the pipe). The distance between the holes is up to 10 cm.

slope

The collected water flows easily by gravity with a properly selected slope of the drainage system. His minimum value- 2mm per linear meter of pipe, maximum - 5mm. With shallow drainage, the slope is set to 1-3 cm per 1 meter. At high speeds, water is sucked in small particles soil, which causes silting of pipes.

Drainage of the site will allow all plants to develop normally

Changing the standard slope is possible in the following situations:

an increase in the slope is carried out when it is necessary to divert a large volume of water per unit of time without increasing the diameter of the drain;
reducing the slope is advisable if it is necessary to avoid backwater when laying pipes below groundwater.

Drain installation

Preparation for the installation of drainage around the garden house requires digging trenches of given dimensions with approximate observance of the slope. The bottom of the trenches is leveled, covered with a layer of coarse-grained river sand (about 100 mm), and carefully compacted.

The prepared sand is covered with geotextile, the fabric of which is lined along the walls of the trench. Next comes a layer of granite rubble 150-250mm high (on loams - 250mm, on sandy soils - 150mm). Its fraction depends on the diameter of the holes in the drainage pipes: for holes with a diameter of 1.5 mm, crushed stone of a fraction of 6-8 mm is taken, for others it is larger.

Crushed stone is carefully leveled to the required slope, compacted, after which it is placed on the formed “pillow” drainage pipe. It is covered with gravel in several layers, each of which is compacted (there must be at least 100 mm of gravel on top of the drainage system). The ends of the geotextile are wrapped so that the overlap is about 20cm. It is covered with coarse sand to a height of 100-300 cm. A layer of "native" earth is placed on the compacted coating.

It is important to lay drainage from the lowest place in the territory where the collector well is previously installed. At high level surface and ground water in the equipped ditches, water will accumulate, forming a fluid mixture in combination with clay.

Drainage can be done with ceramic or PVC pipes. The scheme of the drainage system in these cases is similar

Getting into the well, it can provoke blockages. In addition, the accumulated water interferes with the laying of drains, since the ditches must be dry. Side pits with crushed stone will allow to temporarily divert water.

backfill materials

When arranging a drain, it is important to competently approach the selection of non-metallic materials that act as backfill. Crushed stone must be granite, or hard lime-free. Marble and dolomite (lime) are not used to create a drainage cushion, as they are affected by moisture. Crushed stone must be washed so that the pipes do not silt.

Order washed gravel from manufacturers desired type and factions are not a problem. However, how to determine whether the existing crushed stone is suitable for draining? It is enough to drop vinegar on it and determine whether a reaction occurs. When hissing and foam appear, such non-metallic material cannot be used (belongs to the calcareous group).

When selecting sand, a coarse-grained fraction with a size of 0.5-1 mm is preferred. To determine its purity, pour some of it with water, shake it up and evaluate the transparency of the liquid when the sand settles. muddy water indicates that the sand requires washing. Many modern suppliers of non-metallic materials are ready to provide high-quality, pre-washed sand in any volume.

Properly equipped drainage on clay soil will significantly improve the condition of the land allotment, avoiding slush underfoot after snow melts and heavy rainfall. It will serve without repair for more than a dozen years, it will allow you to do gardening and gardening for your own pleasure. If desired, you can develop landscape design, which will disguise or advantageously beat the drainage system.

Drainage of the site is carried out in order to drain the soil surface from excessive moisture due to the passage of groundwater underground. An excess of moisture in the soil threatens the destruction of residential buildings, an obstacle to the growth of vegetation, and also affects the full operation of the sewer. Therefore, making a drainage system for your estate, located on clay soil, is task number 1 for each owner. And how to do it yourself, we will tell in the article.

Type of drainage system

When deciding to create a site drainage, you should plan the layout of the drainage system itself. The decision is based on the type of soil and its topography. System drainage type needed where:

clayey areas of the site: if you do not install the system on the surface of such soil, water will stagnate;

flat terrain of the site with the presence of ground movements;

the private area is located on the slope: during the rainy season, water flows down the slope, falling onto the living area, which threatens to destroy buildings.

The drainage structure can be used on any homestead with individual conditions. AT modern construction systems such as surface and closed drainage are used.

Surface type of drainage

An open drain design is a simple way to remove water from the site after rains or snow melt. Do it with your own hands minimum expenses this drainage is easy. To do this, over the entire living area of the site, you need to dig a trench 50 cm wide and deep. The edge of the trench, from where the drains come from, must be made in the form of a cut at an angle of 30 degrees. This action makes it easier to drain the water into the pit. Further, all excavated pits must be connected with one ditch, which leads to a drainage well.

The system for the house after installation should be tested for strength. To do this, it is filled with water and it is checked in which direction the flows will go. If water does not pass during the test, then the installation angle is incorrect, and the line must be redone.

Such surface way well out of excess moisture from the surface of the earth. To give an aesthetic appearance to the drainage line, it is covered with rubble, stone.

Closed type of drainage

Closed drainage for the house is necessary if the groundwater level is low. A deep sewage system will be needed to avoid flooding basements, cellars and failure of the centralized sewage system for the house.

For such purposes, pipeline drainage is carried out. Before starting work, the place and depth of the future pit is determined. For clay terrain on which residential buildings are located, you need to make a ditch 60-80 cm deep, for combined ones - 85-90 cm, and for sandy ones - 1 meter. After being selected the best way pipeline laying.

The choice of pipes for the drainage system

For the drainage structure of a private building, corrugated plastic pipes are used. To carry out drainage with your own hands, it is worth remembering that the chosen installation method depends on the type of terrain:

Crushed stone soil - corrugated pipeline is carried out without filtration material.

Clay soil - without lack of filtration, but using a layer of gravel and sand with a height of at least 20 cm.

Loamy soil - the pipe is treated with geotextile to protect the hole from clogging.

Sandy soil - geotextiles are used as a filter with a layer of crushed stone around the pipe line.

Even in the absence of skills in construction work, drainage for a private house and its implementation will take no more than two weeks.

Stages of system construction

After choosing a place on the site and the material of the product, you can proceed to the installation part of the construction. First of all, a ditch of the required depth is dug near the house. The bottom of the trench is lined with geotextile. The material is spread over the entire surface with room for overlap. Geotextile is better to choose on soft base for better water permeability.

If it is decided not to use geomaterial, the bottom of the trench can be made of a crushed stone-sand layer 15 cm high. After that, the pipeline is laid using a triple connection device. The pipe is compacted from above with sand and gravel, and the surface is covered with earth.

Exist different ways to remove unwanted water from the site. It is possible for such purposes to install a sewer well, which is built by oneself using concrete rings or ready-made plastic product. A drainage pipeline is lowered into the well, and a pipe or pump is installed on the surface of the site to collect excess moisture.

A do-it-yourself sewage disposal system is not a laborious process, it does not require specialized equipment or the involvement of professionals. Drainage open and closed type for a site with a clay type of soil, it will completely remove excess moisture from the soil surface, thus saving buildings from premature destruction.

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