Heating system in a 2-storey building. Types of heating schemes for a two-story house with forced circulation. Using gas to heat your home

The optimal heating scheme for a 2-storey private house is selected taking into account many factors: efficiency, cost and complexity of installation, the availability of reliable power supply and frequency of use. In addition, projects for water heating systems must take into account a number of personal requirements of the customer for the interior design of rooms, which not every type of piping and heating appliances.

Possible options

To choose the right suitable way wiring, it makes sense to take existing heating schemes suitable for houses with two floors, and analyze the pros and cons of each of them. The most commonly considered and implemented options are:

• single-pipe horizontal scheme("Leningradka");
• single pipe heating system storey building with vertical risers and natural movement of the coolant;
• two-pipe dead-end scheme with branches equal length or an annular passing system with circulation pump;
• collector scheme for heating a two-story house with forced circulation water;
• water heated floors;
• plinth heating, also two-pipe.

Wiring options that provide for the installation of radiators can be either open type(communicating with the atmosphere), and closed type (working with excess pressure). Homeowners who wish to provide for water heating for household needs should be aware that the heating scheme for a two-story house with a two-circuit heat generator does not differ from the wiring connected to a conventional boiler with 1 circuit. The difference lies in the operation: any heating system of a two-story house with double-circuit boiler heats water for radiators and hot water alternately. When the hot water tap is opened, the heating of the coolant stops, the unit switches completely to DHW.

One highway: pros and cons

The single-pipe heating system of a two-story house - the Leningradka scheme - consists of one line laid horizontally along the perimeter of the building, above the floor of each floor. Heating appliances are connected to the line with 2 ends, alternately. This type of heating network is well suited for houses where two floors occupy a small area (up to 80 m² each). There are reasons for this:

1. The coolant entering each subsequent radiator has more and more low temperature due to the mixing of chilled water from previous batteries. Therefore, the length of the ring is limited to 4-5 heaters.
2. In order to heat the second floor and the rooms where the last batteries stand, their heat transfer should be increased by adding sections.
3. Horizontal network of a two-story house with natural circulation should be carried out with a large slope (up to 1 cm per 1 m running pipe). The boiler is placed in a recess, and in the attic there is an expansion tank that communicates with the atmosphere.

The Leningrad heating distribution of a two-story house with forced supply of a coolant works much more stable and more efficiently than by gravity. For natural circulation in a private house, it is better to make vertical risers that penetrate the floors and distribute heat to radiators near the windows. The water supply to the risers is carried out from a horizontal collector laid in attic, return to the boiler - along the same line running above the floor of the 1st floor.

As in the first case, an open expansion tank is placed in the attic of a 2-storey cottage, and the lines are laid with a slope. If the heating system is closed, then minimum slopes are required (3 mm per running meter pipes), and the membrane tank is placed in the boiler room.

Single-pipe wiring for heating a two-story house, although inexpensive to install, is difficult to calculate and execute.

And not every owner will like it when pipelines pass through part of the premises large diameter, they have to be hidden under the box.

The optimal solution is 2 highways

The two-pipe heating system of a two-story house is good because the coolant is sent to the heaters through one pipe, and returns through the other. In private housing construction, 3 types of such systems are used:

• dead-end, in it the coolant reaches last battery and flows backwards, the streams move towards each other;
• associated, where the supply and return flow flows in 1 direction, and the circuit is a closed ring;
• collector, characterized by an individual supply of heated water to each radiator from the distribution manifold.

All two-pipe water heating schemes for a 2-storey private house are easy to do with your own hands, this is their advantage. If the architecture of the building is not too complex, and the area does not exceed 300 m², then it is possible to assemble a network of pipelines without preliminary calculations. The supply from the boiler is done with a 25-32 mm pipe, branches - 20-25 mm, and eyeliners - 16 mm. It is understood that the coolant is induced to move by the pump. Gravity heating a two-story house, when two large pipes pass through all the rooms, no one will like it.

The dead-end and associated circuits are similar in installation, and with the device collector system pipelines will have to be laid directly to the batteries in the floor. This is an option for developers with high requirements to the interiors of the premises, since pipes will not be visible on the walls of the rooms. It can also be implemented in a private house with your own hands, although equipment and materials will cost more than with a dead-end scheme.

When constructing a dead-end system, it is important that all radiators installed in two storey building, equally divided into groups in order to stretch branches of the same length to them. It is customary to do this: 2 branches on the 1st floor, two more - on the second, the coolant supply upwards - directly from the boiler along the riser. The associated scheme is implemented differently: the supply pipeline is laid horizontally from the first to the last device, and the return pipeline starts from the first and goes to the boiler, collecting cooled water from all batteries. So, a ring is formed around the perimeter of the house, serving all the radiators.

Two-pipe systems are united by common advantages:

• supplying coolant with the same temperature to all heating devices;
• reliability in work;
• ease of balancing, especially the associated scheme;
• the ability to effectively manage the operation of heating using various automation;
• ease of installation, done by hand.

Heating floor and plinth

Pipes with hot water, laid in the floor with a calculated step, allow you to evenly heat the premises with the entire surface floor covering. From each heating circuit, whose length does not exceed 100 m, the connections converge to the collector with mixing unit, providing the required flow rate of the coolant and its temperature within + 35 ° ... + 45 ° С (maximum + 55 ° С). The collector is powered directly from the boiler by one branch and controls the heating on 2 floors at the same time. The positive side of the warm floor:

• uniform heating of the space of rooms;
• heating is comfortable for people, since heating comes from below;
• low water temperature saves up to 15% on energy;
• any level of system automation is possible - operation from temperature controllers, weather sensors or according to a program embedded in the controller;
• the system with the controller can be controlled from a distance - via GSM-connection or the Internet.

Similar automatic control systems are being introduced into the collector circuit of a two-story cottage. The disadvantage of underfloor heating is the high cost of materials and installation work that are difficult to do on your own.

Heating skirting boards suitable option for any private house, not just a two-story one. These heaters in the form of large plinths are copper or aluminum convectors connected in a two-pipe scheme. They encircle the premises along the perimeter, heating the air from all sides. Skirting board heating is easy to install and meets all interior design requirements.

For a comfortable stay in the private sector, it is necessary to have communications, among which the heating system occupies one of the important places. It depends on the optimal temperature regime, the safety of housing construction and comfort. When designing building plans, specialists include precisely the scheme with forced circulation of heating for a two-story house. This is due to the need to raise the coolant in the system to an additional height.

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Varieties of heating schemes

A detailed heating scheme for a 2-storey private house with forced circulation is a complex of elements consisting of pipelines, a boiler, fittings, temperature sensors and other components. With their correct choice and installation, the cost of heating housing will significantly decrease, and residents will be satisfied with a cozy microclimate. Currently The heating system of a two-story house can be performed in different ways:



The owner of the cottage chooses the most acceptable and effective system, which would ensure the maintenance of the desired temperature in the house for a certain period of time, was equipped with a simple, functional and convenient control, made it possible to perform heating according to the "warm floor" type. The heating option is considered optimal when all devices of the system operate using automation.

Forced heating circuit. Heating scheme with forced circulation



The simplest is the scheme of a single-pipe heating system for a two-story house. It is also called "Leningradka". Such a scheme for heating a two-story private house with your own hands can be carried out without special difficulties. Differs in profitability, functioning on gas or electric boiler, with help brick oven, heated, wood, coal. Choosing "Leningradka", you can save on money, since the pipes required to install space heating will be required 2 times less when compared with a two-pipe system. It also has the following positive features:



A single-pipe circuit can be “hidden” under the floor or spread above it. When installing pipes can be placed in horizontal position and in vertical.

However, this can only be used in a one-story building. AT two-story house the scheme of a single-pipe heating system can only function if there is a circulation pump.



There are more disadvantages:

• the impossibility of manufacturing a "warm floor" with a horizontal contour;
• requires fulfillment welding work and the necessary verification of connections;
• uneven heat transfer from batteries located in different rooms.

The scheme of a single-pipe system is a pipe with all radiators connected to it. The water heated by the boiler is distributed to all batteries in turn, giving off a certain amount of heat in each. Therefore, the one closest to the boiler will be hot, and the last one will be slightly warm.

2. The main elements of the heating system with forced circulation



Circuit with two pipelines

For real comfortable conditions can create a two-pipe heating system. For manufacturing, a larger number of pipes and other additional materials will be required, but the implementation of efficient and high-quality heating of a private house is much more important.

Outwardly, the circuit looks like two pipes - for supply and return, located in parallel. Batteries are connected by branch pipes to both one and the other. Heated water enters each radiator, then the cooled water leaves it directly into the return line. Hot coolant and cold coolant go through different pipelines. With such a heating scheme, the heating temperature of the radiators is approximately the same.

Passing through pipes and radiators, the water flow takes an “easier” path. If a branch occurs, where one section has a greater hydrodynamic resistance than the other, then the coolant will enter the second one, which has less resistance. Consequently, it will be difficult to immediately predict which area will be heated more and which will be weaker.




To regulate the flow of water through heating installations, it is necessary that a balancing throttle be installed on each of them. With this device, homeowners can control the flow of heat and adjust the heating in double-circuit system. All radiators must be equipped with special Mayevsky taps to eliminate air. The universal scheme can be supplemented with any heat exchange devices: radiators, warm floors, convectors. They will allow you to properly make heating in a two-story house.

The efficiency of a two-pipe system can be increased by collector or beam wiring. Such a scheme is called combined. There is a dead-end type of two-pipe system, when the supply and return lines of the circuit end at the last heat exchanger. In fact, the water flow changes direction, returning to the boiler. The use of a separate associated heating circuit for each floor will facilitate the configuration of the circuit and ensure optimal heating of the entire house. But to increase the effect, you need to make a sidebar for each floor.

Heating scheme for a two-story house underfloor heating + collector heating



forced way

The use of forced circulation heating schemes in two-story houses is used due to the length of the system lines (more than 30 m). This method is carried out using a circulation pump that pumps the liquid of the circuit. It is mounted at the inlet to the heater, where the coolant temperature is the lowest.

At closed circuit the degree of pressure that the pump develops does not depend on the number of storeys and the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe building. The speed of the water flow becomes greater, therefore, when passing through the pipeline lines, the coolant does not cool down much. This contributes to a more even distribution of heat throughout the system and the use of a heat generator in a sparing mode.




The heating system with a circulation pump is practical: in spring and autumn periods when there is no frost, it can be used using a low-temperature regime, which cannot be done with the natural circulation of the coolant. Due to the increase in pressure in the circuit against the background of the functioning of the pump, the device becomes more complicated expansion tank. Here it is of a closed type and is divided into two cavities by an elastic membrane. One is for excess fluid in the system, the other is for compressed air that regulates the pressure in the system.

The expansion tank can be located not only at the highest point of the system, but also near the boiler. To perfect the circuit, the designers introduced an accelerating collector into it. Now, if there is a power outage and the subsequent stop of the pump, the system will continue to work in convection mode.

Positive and negative characteristics

Forced circulation allows you to freely position the elements of the heating system relative to each other. Nevertheless, the basic rules for installing the boiler piping, connecting radiators, installing difficult lines should not be ignored. Using forced circulation, You can see the following benefits:






Another advantage of the forced heating method is the choice of a place for installing a heat generator at your discretion. Usually this is the first floor or basement.

With all the advantages of this method of heating, there are also disadvantages. For example, when the coolant passes through the system, noise is heard, which increases at the turns of the heating line and at narrowing points. Often this can be the cause of excessive pump performance that does not match the specific heating system. The second disadvantage is the dependence on electricity. When it is turned off, the movement of the coolant in the system will stop, since the circulation pump is powered from the mains. The heat generator for a system with a forced heating method can function using any accessible view fuel. The main thing is to choose a boiler with a power at which it could heat the heated area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe house.

Fundamental for such a system should be the presence of . When heated, the coolant increases in volume in a closed space. For a warning emergencies, at which pipes and radiators are torn, an expansion tank is used. He handles pressure well.




Thanks to the forced circulation heating circuit provided by the pressure pump, heat exchangers can be different types and materials. A good option- heating "warm floor":

1. 1. For its operation, a high temperature of the coolant is not required.
2. 2. The presence of a pressure pump in the system equipment has an effective effect on the difficult circulation of the coolant (small diameter and large length) of "warm floors".

Metal pipes for the device of the heating system are used very rarely due to their heavy weight and high cost. In addition, they are highly susceptible to corrosive processes, which leads to poor flow circulation.

What is the difference between natural and forced circulation

Therefore it is better to use modern materials: reinforced polypropylene and metal-plastic, which do not have such disadvantages. When purchasing them, it should be remembered that the compression fittings used for connections may fail after a few years due to exposure to high temperature coolant. It is better not to use these devices in heating, although there is no categorical prohibition.

During the construction process and long before the foundation is laid, many issues related to heating arise. Every owner wants to achieve positive results, following the path of least resistance.

Scheme with natural circulation

Considering a private 2-storey house, you can pay attention to the system, which involves the natural circulation of water. The choice of drawing will depend on the layout and area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe building. But the most widespread and familiar to country houses and suburban buildings just such a scheme. It is not much different from the one used in the arrangement of heating systems for one-story buildings.

When choosing such heating schemes for a private 2-storey house, you must remember about the wiring features, which provide for the need to choose a place for installing an expansion tank. There is no need to place it in the attic, you can limit yourself to the second floor. The tank can be anywhere. Of course, this should be the highest point in the room. The master must ensure the possibility of discharging water. If you use a similar method of devices, then the liquid will flow from above. Thanks to this, the heating of the radiators will be uniform, as regards heated rooms.

In order to direct the movement of water, the pipes are located at a slight angle of 3-5 degrees. The diameter of the return pipeline should increase as it approaches the boiler equipment. If just such heating schemes for a private 2-storey house are used, then the supply pipeline can be placed under ordinary window sills or ceilings.

Advantages of a natural circulation heating scheme

It is important to consider the advantages of the scheme described above before starting installation work. There are enough of them. First of all, I want to note the reliability of the design. In addition, among positive sides should highlight the ease of operation, quiet operation, independence from the supply of electricity.

Scheme Disadvantages

If you decide to use the above-described heating project for a 2-storey private house, then you should also remember the disadvantages, which in this case are much more than the pros. First of all, it is worth highlighting the complexity of installation work and the need to lay pipes with a slope. Among other things, the heated area will be small. The system will not have enough pressure to heat the house if its area is more than 130 square meters.

You should also be aware of low efficiency and a significant temperature difference between return and supply. The latter circumstance negatively affects the operation of boiler equipment. Internal surfaces systems will be subject to corrosion, since oxygen will be present in the coolant. Home owners need to constantly monitor the condition of the evaporating water, which implies the need to add it. As a result, scale may form on the pipes. The use of antifreeze is unacceptable for the same reason. As another drawback, it is worth highlighting the significant material consumption of the system.

Varieties of schemes with forced circulation

Do-it-yourself heating of a private 2 can also be arranged according to the principle of a system operating due to forced circulation of water. According to professionals, the following schemes will be the easiest to install: single-pipe, two-pipe and manifold. First, let's analyze the first type.

made by hand

When using this scheme, the movement of the coolant will divide the heating devices into two branches. One of them goes to the first floor, while the other - to the second. Shut-off valves are installed on each floor at the pipe inlet. It will heat only half of the rooms. After the pipes with the coolant pass through the heating devices, they will be combined into one system that will fit the boiler equipment. The batteries on each floor will be connected according to the same method that is used in the conditions of one-story buildings.

If you have chosen the heating scheme described above for a 2-storey private house, shut-off valves must be installed at the inlet of each heater. This is necessary to adjust the heating level of the radiator and balance the system. Shut-off valves are installed at the outlet of the batteries, which is used to turn off the radiator during repair and replacement. If you use such a connection scheme, then it will be possible to change heating devices without stopping the system and without draining the water. To release air, a valve is installed on each battery in the upper part.

Such a heating scheme for a 2-storey private house involves the installation of batteries with a bypass line. This improves the uniformity of the heating of the building. It is possible to install heaters without a bypass. In this case, radiators of different thermal power should be installed in the house, taking into account the loss of water cooling. This indicates that the farther the battery is from the boiler, the more sections it should have. If you neglect this rule, then it will be hot in some rooms, and cold in others.

Heating scheme without shutoff valves

When a do-it-yourself heating system of a private 2-storey house is being installed, stop valves may not be used. Rather, it can be used in smaller quantities. However, under such conditions, maneuverability will be reduced. In this case, there is no need to talk about separate heating of the second and first floors.

The main advantages and disadvantages of a single-pipe heating system

Using such heating schemes for a private 2-storey house, you ensure ease of installation. At the same time, homeowners receive efficient heat transfer, as well as savings on materials. Among the disadvantages of the heating scheme, one can single out the uneven distribution of heat over the radiators and the need to balance the system. However, all these shortcomings are completely devoid of a two-pipe system, which works due to the forced circulation of water.

Forced circulation scheme

Two-pipe system with forced circulation guarantees even heat distribution. It is effective and is sometimes compared to the human circulatory system. In it, the coolant is supplied to each radiator through a branch coming from a common supply pipe. The presence of a branch is also provided in the return pipeline of each radiator.

Batteries are installed with an air outlet device and shut-off valves at the supply. This allows you to change the heating level of the heater. In order to increase safety and eliminate excess pressure in the radiator, shut-off valves are not installed on the return pipe from the battery. A supply pipe can be laid under the windowsill or ceiling. It is perfectly acceptable to equip such a heating of a private 2-storey house with your own hands. The schemes presented in the article will allow you to carry out these works without resorting to the help of specialists.

The main disadvantage of the two-pipe system is the high material consumption. For return and supply pipes will be needed in duplicate. Among other things, they are difficult to decorate, and it is not always possible to hide them, which spoils the interior of the premises. All of the above disadvantages are completely devoid of a collector circuit.

Description of the collector circuit

Such a system can be successfully used for a one-story or two-story house. It functions due to the forced movement of water, which is previously supplied to the collector. In this case, each heater must be connected through a shut-off valve to the collector. In the role of advantages, it is worth highlighting the possibility of dismantling and installing radiators on a working system, from which it will not be necessary to drain the coolant and stop it.

The system is easy to manage. Each circuit is independent and is connected to a separate automatic control system with its own circulation pump. In tandem with this heating system, you can use a warm floor. Pipes are laid in a raised floor, and are also located in a separate cabinet. Such heating of a private 2-storey house can be easily installed with your own hands. Schemes, photos of such drawings can be found in the article.

Recommendations for installing heating appliances in a two-story house

If you want to ensure a uniform distribution of heat throughout the home, then it is important to correctly calculate the length of the highway, take into account the level of insulation of the house, as well as the presence of window and door openings. Heating efficiency will also depend on the correct placement heating equipment, this primarily applies to radiators. The battery should be located under the window, and rising above it warm air will block cold masses from the window. In this way, you will be able to eliminate cold air zones. When the heating system of a private 2-storey house is being equipped with your own hands, it is important to think about such premises as the boiler room, entrance hall and corridor. For them, one kilowatt of thermal power per 10 square meters will be enough.

For the bathroom, kitchen and hall, 1.2 kilowatts per 10 square meters will be needed. For the nursery and bedroom, the level of thermal power should be increased to 1.5 kilowatts for the same area. The thermal efficiency will depend on the ceilings, floor and wall material. In order to reduce costs and provide optimal mode heating in each room, heat regulators should be used. The material of the battery will influence the system parameters. Today as the best option act aluminum batteries. High parameters differ bimetal radiators however, you will have to pay more for them.

If you know that the water quality in the heating system is rather low, then you should not use aluminum radiators which are most sensitive to aggressive conditions. Hard or contaminated water will also affect equipment longevity and system performance. But steel and cast iron batteries will last much longer. These factors do not have a negative impact on them.

Piping material

The heating system of a 2-storey private house should be equipped using a high-quality pipeline. Modern technologies almost never used metal pipes, since corrosion processes are the reasons for the failure of such products. Considering that in autonomous systems less pressure of the working fluid is used, it is better to use a plastic pipeline.

A properly equipped heating system guarantees the comfort of any home. Particularly careful planning is required for the heating scheme of a two-story house, because it needs to raise the water in the pipes to an additional height.

A water (CO) residential building with two floors is understood as a complex of elements, including pipelines, a boiler, fittings, temperature control sensors and other components. If they are properly selected and installed, the operating costs of heating a home can be significantly reduced and at the same time enjoy a truly comfortable microclimate.

Water heating system of a 2-storey residential building

The modern heating system of a two-story house can be of different types:

• two- and one-pipe;
• with top and bottom wiring;
• with natural circulation and with forced;
• with horizontal and vertical risers;
• with a main option for moving the coolant and with a dead end.

Heating with the main option for moving the coolant

In each case, the owner of the cottage selects the most efficient CO, which maintains the desired temperature in the dwelling for a certain time, has a simple, functional and convenient control, and makes it possible to equip the "warm floor" system.

The optimal heating option is recognized when all the equipment that makes up the heating system of a two-story house operates in automatic mode.

Let's talk about which CO is best to put in a cottage with two floors.

The simplest is considered to be the SO called "Leningradka". She was very popular in Soviet times thanks to what the owner did country cottage completely independent of central system heating. "Leningradka" is an economical single-pipe heating scheme that is easy to do with your own hands. Such a CO works with and with electric, with brick ovens, where peat briquettes, firewood, coal are loaded.

SO "Leningradka" for a private house

"Leningradka" makes it possible to halve the number of pipes needed to organize housing heating, compared with a two-pipe system. Its other advantages include:

• low labor intensity of installation (as it was said, everything can be done with your own hands) and its “budget”;
• possibility simple repair during operation;
• preservation elegant interior in the house (the fewer pipes, the more inconspicuous they are in the room);
• Possibility of installation of the "warm floor" system (subject to certain conditions) and installations under doorways"main" pipe (supplying coolant for steam heating).

"Leningradka" can be "hidden" under the floor, it is easy to carry out above it, the installation of pipes for water heating can be done both vertically and horizontally. Seemingly - better system can not found. Unfortunately, everything is not so rosy. Firstly, "Leningradka" is more suitable for one-story buildings. Heating a two-story house with its help is associated with a number of serious difficulties, which, however, if desired, can be solved with your own hands at a relatively low cost. Secondly, "Leningradka" with horizontal mounting does not allow to make a "warm floor".

Installation of pipes for water heating

The described single-pipe CO also requires the use of welding equipment and a mandatory check (very complicated and lengthy) of the tightness of the obtained welded joints, increasing the pressure inside the system. Many consider its main drawback to be that the heat transfer from radiators located in different rooms is uneven. For these reasons, the two-pipe CO is many times better than Leningradka.

Such a heating scheme for a two-story house is devoid of most of the "cons" that a single-pipe design has. True, its installation requires more pipes and other materials. But the organization of high-quality heating of a private building is undoubtedly more important.

The two-pipe system operates according to the following scheme: the coolant goes up along one line, and returns along the other. To perform such a scheme with your own hands, it is allowed to use any pipes and types of heating batteries. Radiators are connected in different ways. If the pipeline is “hidden” under the floor or both pipes of the line are located under the battery, the return line and the coolant itself are connected to the lower radiator pipes.

Radiator connection diagram

Heat transfer efficiency heating elements in this case, it may not be very high, since the upper section of the battery does not always warm up. It is not recommended to use such a scheme for connecting water heating pipes if cast iron radiators are installed. It is better in this situation to use more modern panel batteries.

The second way - the return is connected from below, and the coolant - from above (on one side). With this method of connection, two-pipe wiring functions much more efficiently. But it is not suitable for batteries with large quantity(over 15) sections - heat loss in the presence of 16 or more sections becomes critical.

2-pipe connections

The most popular are projects for heating a private dwelling on two floors, which use a cross (diagonal) method of connecting pipes with your own hands:

• on one side (top), a coolant is suitable for the radiator;
• the return is connected on the other side from below.

Two-pipe wiring in a private house allows you to overlap CO in one of its sections at any time. At the same time, the remaining rooms in the cottage continue to be heated in the same volume. It is desirable that the two-pipe system be made with forced rather than natural circulation (EC) of hot water. We will discuss the differences between the types of circulation further.

The difference between these two types of circulation lies in the way water moves through the CO. For implementation forced scheme it is necessary to install special equipment, in particular a circulation pump, there is no such need for a natural one.

EC is characterized by a number of advantages:

• absence of noise and vibration during operation of the system;
• elementary installation and maintenance;
• long service life.

Installation of a natural circulation system

At the same time, CO with natural circulation are started rather slowly, the water in the pipes of such systems can freeze when sub-zero temperatures on the street. Another disadvantage is the need to install large pipes (they are more expensive and more difficult to install).

Now such systems are rarely used. Users prefer more modern and effective scheme heating. It is a forced circulation CO with the following important advantages:

• the possibility of building a wiring of any length in a private house;
• independence of the quality of heating from the indicators of the temperature of the coolant;
• simple adjustment of operating modes.

CO with forced circulation

Versions with forced circulation hot water goes through pipes thanks to work pumping equipment. The water is coming from the boiler in which it is heated, under the action of a special pump (it is called a circulation pump).

On each radiator with such a heating scheme, Mayevsky valves and taps are installed. The first ones make it possible to choose the heating temperature of a particular battery. Valves can be automatic or manual. And the Mayevsky crane allows you to remove unnecessary air from the system.

Experts advise to install CO in two-story cottages with a double-circuit boiler and forced circulation. Then it will be very easy for you to make a “warm floor” in the house, install heated towel rails and always control the work of CO, setting for yourself the most comfortable temperature.

The growing popularity of such a heating scheme for private buildings is due to the convenience of its management and operation. A collector one- or two-pipe CO is characterized by an independent coolant supply to each radiator installed in the cottage. Due to this, you can, if necessary, completely turn off any battery or lower (increase) the temperature of the water in it. At the same time, in other rooms, the radiators will work in the same modes.

Collector independent supply

The collector system has the following scheme:

• on the risers of the first and second floors of a residential building, return and supply manifolds are installed;
• the return and supply pipelines are connected to the batteries on the floors (they are placed in the wall or “hidden” under the floor);
• collectors and radiators must be equipped with automatic air vents or Mayevsky taps.

Air vent to manifold

This layout is ideal for creating a "warm floor" system. In some cases (a relatively small area of ​​the cottage) collector steam heating is installed without radiators. In fact, the "warm floor" replaces the pile of batteries. This reduces the cost of installing a home heating system.

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Autonomous heating systems that are used in private homes have undeniable advantages over centralized systems: they are manageable and economical. Only the owners of private houses can independently regulate the intensity of heating, connect additional circuits and install the type of radiators that they like. The heating scheme of a 2-storey private house must meet not only operational requirements, but also be trouble-free, economical, simple and durable.

Heating scheme of a private house

Choice heating scheme mainly affects the area of ​​heated premises, that is, the total length of the pipeline. The main task of any heating system is uniform heating of premises along the entire length of the pipeline. If it is not difficult to organize such a system, then in cottages with two levels, serious calculations must be made to solve the same problem.

Any heating system consists of the main elements:

Video: heating scheme for a two-story house

Systems with circulation pump installation

Any heating scheme for a 2-storey private house must ensure constant circulation of the coolant through the system. At the same time, the efficiency and speed of space heating directly depends on the level hydraulic pressure in pipes. It is obvious that the most simple solution this task is the circulation pump.

Pumping schemes are good in that with the help of a small and economical pump, a given pressure is provided in the system, and hot water will be delivered to any point in the circuit, regardless of its location. The power consumption of such a device is from 25 to 50 W per hour. Even with daily continuous operation per month, the meter winds no more than 40 kW, which does not significantly affect the consumption family budget. This scheme has a serious drawback - it does not work in the event of a power outage. Unfortunately, such situations in Russia are not uncommon, therefore, in winter period it is necessary to have an alternative power source at your disposal, so as not to be left without heat at all.

Systems based on natural circulation

Knowing the basics of thermodynamics, it is possible to develop such a heating scheme that a pump is not needed at all. Such a scheme is based on the ability of a heated liquid to rise up. A boiler or furnace located at the level of the first floor heats water, this water rushes upward, starting the process of movement of the coolant through a closed pipeline system.

In systems without circulation pumps, it is impossible to ensure high pressure, because its level depends on the temperature of the liquid. For this reason, systems with natural circulation have their own characteristics:

• in order to reduce resistance, the diameter of the pipes must be at least 32 mm, the same applies to the tubes of working radiators;
• the maximum height of the water pipe, through which hot water rises and enters the heating circuit, should be no more than 6 meters, that is, systems with natural circulation can heat no more than two floors with high quality;
• the wiring diagram should be as simple as possible, but if the length of the pipes is large, it makes sense to make two circuits;
• systems will not work without using a pump, so its circuit must be connected separately.

Advantages and disadvantages of working schemes

Pumping systems have obvious advantages in the form of continuous operation, guarantee of efficiency and ease of installation. Main disadvantage– energy dependence of the equipment. Natural circulation schemes can be called truly autonomous, but in this way it will be possible to heat limited area, and the heating process will take much longer. The installation of such systems is a complex and painstaking task; the preliminary calculation must be performed very accurately.

There are various alternative schemes, including a combined one, when one of the circuits is supplied with a circulation pump. This is complex systems that are used in homes large area, for a residential two-story house, they are rarely appropriate.

Types of wiring and calculation methods

There are many factors to consider when designing heating systems, including:

• house area;
• calculated values ​​of air temperature inside and outside, required humidity;
• materials from which the house is built and the quality of thermal insulation;
• the number of windows and the intensity of natural sunlight.

In accordance with the specified parameters, according to the SNiP tables, it is possible to calculate the required boiler power and the required pressure in the system.

Common circuit diagrams

For small houses with one or two floors, the simplest one-pipe schemes are suitable, which are easy to install and calculate, can work without a pump, but are considered the least efficient.

An improved scheme - the so-called "Leningradka" - a system in which each radiator is connected in parallel, and control valves allow more efficient heat consumption and redirect hot water.

The principle of operation of a two-pipe system is that heated water is supplied to all radiators at the same time, and its temperature is the same at each inlet. Chilled water is discharged through the return pipe, which is also common.

There are schemes with bottom and top feed. In the first case, water, rising up the riser, first supplies the first floor, and then the second. At upper system the opposite is true: heated water rises through a common riser and then is fed into the radiators of the upper floors, cooled and returned back.

Schemes with an open and closed expansion tank

The expansion tank in the heating system plays the role of a water level regulator, and also insures the system against pressure drops. The expansion tank is usually installed in the coldest place in the system - on the return pipe. It should be located in a heated room to prevent freezing of water in it in winter.