How to plant radish seedlings. How to grow radishes from seedlings? Step-by-step instructions for applying the conventional method and the snail method. Rules for sowing in open ground

He's also fast. Radishes are the first vegetable to hit our table in the spring, so every summer resident tends to allocate 1-2 beds for him.

Autumn radishes are beautiful and juicy. It is tastier and better than spring. In addition, pests do not attack plants in autumn. The only drawback of autumn radishes is that there are already a lot of vegetables at the end of the season, including cruciferous root vegetables. In October, the harvesting of black and Margelan radish, daikon ends, so the radish does not cause much enthusiasm among the household.

Spring radish is a completely different matter. Hungry for the winter for vitamins, the body rejoices at any fresh greenery. For a few weeks in May, the radish becomes the queen of the table.

Planting radishes in spring

The second feature of radishes after precocity is that they belong to the group of long-day plants. This means that with a day length of more than 13 hours, the radish goes into the arrow, that is, instead of root crops, it forms generative organs - flowers and seeds. Therefore, in the height of summer, you can not grow radish roots. At this time, it is grown for seeds. In order for the plants to form root crops, plant radishes in such a way that the plants develop with a short daylight hours, that is, sow radishes in early spring or late summer.

Planting radishes in the spring in open ground begins as soon as the snow melts from the soil. In order not to waste precious spring time waiting for the ground to thaw, prepare the bed in advance, from the fall. Then, after the snow melts, it remains to decompose the seeds and sprinkle with last year's compost.

To get the maximum early harvest use cover. Planting radishes in a greenhouse allows you to provide your family with fresh vitamins during the period when they are most needed - in March-April.

Radishes in a greenhouse begin to sprout at a temperature of 4 degrees. Such cold resistance allows it to be grown in unheated polycarbonate greenhouses, sowing under conditions middle lane at the end of February.

Not every variety is suitable for planting in a greenhouse. It is ideal to use varieties bred for greenhouses. These are Greenhouse and Early red. If the store does not have seeds of heifer varieties, then buy early-ripening and resistant to bolting varieties: Dawn, Heat, Saksa.

The greenhouse is put in order in March. After the top 3 cm of soil has thawed, you can start planting. Seeds are planted in two-line tapes in such a way that they can be thinned out. The distance between the lines is 8 cm, in a row 2 cm.

Only selected material should be sown in the greenhouse, so before sowing, sift the seeds through a sieve with cells with a diameter of 2 mm. Then dip them for 30 minutes in a dark purple solution of manganese - this will increase germination and reduce the likelihood of death of seedlings from fungal diseases.

Planting radishes in autumn

To get radishes in October, sow them on the twentieth of August. If there is not enough space in the garden, use the culture as a compactor. For example, sow radish seeds in a bed with young strawberries planted this year.

The distance between seeds depends on the variety. Large-fruited varieties, such as Duro, are planted after 10 centimeters, ordinary ones - after 5 centimeters.

If you want to get full-fledged, large root crops, then do not be greedy and plant seeds often. With a dense planting, the autumn radish grows small and ugly, prone to damage by pests and diseases.

The earliest spring harvest can be obtained during winter sowing, but there are some "pitfalls". If the weather conditions of winter and spring are unfavorable, then the radish sown before winter may bloom. But the weather can be good, and radish seeds are inexpensive, so why not experiment with winter sowing?

Growing radishes outdoors

Grow radishes in open ground presents no difficulty. The main thing - do not plant in the shade, where the plants will hurt, stretch and suffer from pests. At the same time, you can not wait for the harvest, despite the implementation of all the rules of agricultural technology.

Weed plantings regularly, and if necessary, thin out, pulling out first of all root crops that are already suitable for food. There is no need to feed the plants, they will have enough fertilizers applied during planting.

The main condition for growing radishes outdoors is to keep the soil moist. If you want really tasty, sweet and juicy radishes, don't forget to water them. Sometimes, especially hot weather, beds with radishes have to be watered twice a day and this does not harm the plant.

With insufficient watering, the taste of root crops will be sharp, bitter, and they themselves will be small and ugly.

Growing radishes in protected ground

When growing radishes in a greenhouse, observe the correct temperature regime. Before germination, the optimum air temperature is 16-18 ° C. After germination, the temperature should drop so that the plants do not stretch. At this stage, it is enough to maintain 12 ° C in the greenhouse.

A week after germination, a root crop forms in the radish. It can also form at 12 o C, but if the building is warmer, the process will go faster - therefore, if possible, the temperature is brought to 20 o C. At night, it should drop to 10 o C.

When seedlings appear, the radish is thinned out, leaving 3 cm gaps between plants. Distance lets take the leaves horizontal position, which reduces the likelihood of shooting. The soil in the greenhouse should be slightly damp.

It is worth considering in detail the cultivation of radishes in the winter on the windowsill, as it is more difficult process than growing in a greenhouse.

Growing radishes on a windowsill

When growing on a windowsill, create a plant the necessary conditions. It is more difficult to provide the desired temperature and lighting. The room is too hot and dark for the plants. They stretch, root crops become tasteless.

The task is made easier if the house has a cool non-residential premises With large windows, for example, covered veranda or loggia. In such rooms, radishes will grow well on the windowsill if the temperature is in the range of 8-18 ° C. At night, the temperature should be lower than during the day.

Even in cool rooms in the first half of winter, the radish on the windowsill has to be illuminated, otherwise it will stretch. For illumination, phytolamps or LEDs are used. It is better to connect the lamps to the network through a time relay - a simple and inexpensive device that allows you to automate the operation of electrical appliances.

When choosing a backlight mode, remember that radishes are long-day vegetables. Lighting should not lengthen daylight hours, but increase the intensity of natural light.

Radishes are quite cold-resistant culture. It withstands frosts down to -2 0 C. Optimum temperature for growth +18 0 C. Consider all possible options sowing.

In open ground, radishes begin to be sown from late April - early May. So that the vegetable is always on your table, sow the seeds in parts with an interval of 10-20 days. Radishes can be sown virtually all summer, with the exception of June. Why? Now let's find out.

Video about growing radishes

June has the longest days. Optimal duration daylight hours for the normal development of root crops is 8-10 hours. If the length of the day increases to 14 hours, the plant begins to move from development to reproduction. The radish will go to the arrow, will not give root crops or they will be very small and hard. Early varieties have time to ripen before the long days. Sowing late-ripening varieties does not make sense. They do not have time to gain mass and go to the arrow. To obtain decent harvest, you need to choose the right variety that will not fade in color from the summer heat, or provide shading at the planting site. If it is impossible to create such conditions on the site, then it is better to continue growing radishes in mid-July - September, when daylight hours begin to wane. In this case, the radish does not shoot, the fruits grow large and tasty. You can still sow radishes before winter, but we will talk about a little later.

photo of a radish

So, we decided on the sowing dates. Now we will decide which varieties we will sow. In the spring, early radishes are sown Early red and 18 days>. There are many varieties that are designed specifically for summer sowing. They will take longer to grow but produce larger root crops such as Octave, Red Giant and Red Giant. Already at the beginning of September you will receive the first juicy fruits. Some late-ripening varieties, such as the Red Giant, can be stored in the cellar for up to 2 months. The most popular varieties:

18 days - ultra early early ripe variety forms a root crop elongated cylindrical shape weighing up to 17 g with pink top and white tail. White, dense pulp has a slightly spicy taste.
Zhara is an early ripe variety that ripens on the 18-20th day from germination. A rounded red-raspberry root crop with a slightly sharp taste has a juicy tender pulp.
French breakfast is an early variety, ripening in 21-23 days. Red-crimson tubular roots with a white tip. Delicate dense pulp of slightly sharp taste.
Carmen - an early variety forms a rounded red fruit with a slightly sharp taste in 20 days.

A photo of a radish

Cardinal is a mid-early hybrid that forms a rounded red root crop in 25 days. The variety is resistant to flowering.
Red giant - mid-season variety for long-term storage. Carmine-red root crops are formed up to 3-40 days and reach a mass of up to 150 g. The ripening period is 30-40 days. White-pink dense pulp pleasant to the taste.
Octave< – среднеспелый сорт. Белый округлый корнеплод с нежной мякотью без пустот с маслянистым привкусом.
The red giant is a late-ripening variety for long-term storage. Pink-red large, elongated-cylindrical root crops reach a mass of up to 300 g. White juicy pulp has a pleasant sweet-spicy taste.

Many gardeners are concerned about the question, is it true that radishes will sing for 18 days during the time stated in the title? Experience shows that the radish of this variety can be harvested on the 23-25th day from germination. The plant forms a root crop in 18 days under certain weather conditions and temperature.

All white-tipped radishes, such as 18 days, French Breakfast, should not be kept in the ground, waiting for the roots to gain a lot of mass. Fruits further tend to hollowness.

At proper cultivation radish when cut crunches and splashes with juice. Pulp without fibers and voids.

Pictured is a radish

Method number 1

What kind of soil is needed for sowing? Radishes prefer loose, moist soils. Before you grow radishes, you need to prepare the site: dig, add rotted manure, break up clods, level the soil. It is important to remember that the plant does not tolerate fresh manure. In no case should you fertilize the land freshly. Better garden bed prepare for early radish in the fall. 1 bucket of rotted manure per 1 m 2 is introduced into the soil. We spill the earth well before sowing and make shallow rows. With deep embedding of seeds, the root crop changes shape. Optimal depth embedding 1 cm. Radish seeds are sown at a distance of 5 cm from each other, laying out one by one. The beds are made one after another at a distance of 10 cm or more. After the seeds have been spread, close the bed and press it firmly with the palm of your hand so that the soil is more in contact with the seeds. So they will grow faster. Under good weather conditions, seedlings appear in 3-4 days. In order for the radish sown in April to grow good and juicy, From 5 pm until morning, cover the crops with a film.

In the photo, preparing a place for planting radishes

Method number 2

How to grow radishes when places are on personal plot very little? For limited areas, the use of a special marker gives good results. Teeth are made on the board to a depth of 1 cm according to the 5x5 pattern. Thus, 400 seeds are placed per 1 m 2. It turns out a continuous sowing, not in rows. The radish grows one by one. The soil before sowing should be moist, uniform and without lumps. If the site is skewed, then the teeth will not leave prints. We put the marker on the soil and walk along it, pressing it into the ground. The marker leaves holes. We beat off the land that has stuck to it. Are formed even holes, in which we lay out the seeds, cover with earth and press with the palm of your hand. With such sowing, from 1 m 2 you can get up to 5 kg of crop.

Photo of a seeder for sowing radishes

Method number 3 (winter sowing)

When sowing radishes before winter, choose flat area with light sandy or sandy loamy soils with a slope to the south or southeast. The site should not be flooded with spring waters. Rows are cut in the second half of October. With the onset of stable frosts, sowing with dry seeds begins. Most best time from 5 to 20 November. Seeds are covered with peat or humus.

Method number 4 (winter sowing)

winter sowing in December - February, directly into the frozen soil, it ensures early emergence of seedlings and a harvest 2 weeks earlier than in spring. Ridges are prepared in October. Grooves are cut with a depth of 4-5 cm. In winter, snow is removed from the ridges, seeds are laid out and covered with compost or peat to a depth of 2 cm.

Crop care

Proper cultivation of radishes requires compliance with certain rules. After sowing, the radish is watered every day. A dry top layer of soil is death for young seedlings. You also need to regularly weed and loosen the earth. To facilitate care, mulch is placed on moist soil with a layer of up to 2 cm. Humus or peat is taken as mulch. Weeds are regularly removed. Radishes are very moisture-loving. Optimal Humidity soil should be 80%. This is a lot, so the plant must be watered often. At rare watering roots become bitter. With insufficient humidity and elevated temperature, the plant goes into the arrow, flowering appears. As a result, radishes do not form roots. With uneven soil moisture, the fruits crack.

Video about growing and caring for radishes

If the seedlings are thick, then it is necessary to thin them out, leaving one sprout per 5 cm. But, it is advisable to immediately sow the seeds at a certain distance from each other, since the delicate roots of neighboring plants are damaged during thinning. Harvesting is carried out as it ripens. If the size of the root crop has reached normal sizes, carefully pull it out and serve it to the table.

Growing radishes through seedlings is used to get the first harvest earlier.. Despite the resistance of radish to cold, it will grow faster in the lung and nutrient soil in the presence of required amount lighting, when already germinated grains are transferred to open ground. And when you have to wait for shoots no earlier than 14 days later.

The process is easy to speed up. It is necessary to germinate the seeds in advance and plant seedlings already in the soil. Radish prefers fertile. For seedlings, choose soil that passes moisture and air well, fertilized with minerals and organic matter.

What should be the optimal temperature regime?

This vegetable is frost resistant. However, when low temperatures seeds will germinate more slowly. The seed material germinates ideally, according to experienced gardeners, at 18 heat. When the radish began to sprout in mass, the temperature must be reduced to 8 degrees. Otherwise, the seedlings will begin to stretch.

After 4 days and before harvesting, the room is heated during the day to 20, and at night to 10 heat. Although the vegetable is cold-resistant, the shoots will die already at 5 degrees below zero.

When to sow?

Radishes for seedlings are planted in two stages:

From February to April.
From August to early October.

Sowing is complicated only by an insufficient amount sun rays needed by the vegetable for good growth.

Step by step instructions: how to plant in the usual way?

Buying seeds

First you need to decide on the seed and variety. For planting radishes for seedlings, choose varieties that are resistant to poor lighting, lack of moisture and ripen quickly:

"18 days";
"Early Red";
"Quart";
"Dawn";
Greenhouse Gribovsky.

To buy seeds, choose a store with a good reputation that works directly with the manufacturer.

Seeds must be from last year's harvest. Do not use seeds that are two years old or older. There is a high probability that germination will be poor, but not fruits.

Important! Thanks to modern telecommunications in Moscow and St. Petersburg, you can buy radish seeds without leaving your home, with one click of the mouse. The average price in both regions ranges from 20 to 25 rubles per package weighing 1 g.

Material preparation

Buy better seeds past the process of drageeing - treated with fertilizers and fungicides. This will favorably affect the germination and growth of seedlings on initial stage. The shell should be chosen bright:

green;
red;
orange.

When using a simple seed give preference to a large fraction from 1 to 2 mm in diameter. These seeds will later give a full crop.

Calibration

Purchased seeds need to be sorted out:

Use the calibration method to select the largest grains.
Then prepare a solution - 50 g of table salt per 1 liter of water.
Place the selected grains there, and occasionally stirring, hold them for 15 minutes.
Viable seeds will settle to the bottom. The pacifiers will float. They are removed, since these grains will not sprout.

Disinfection

To protect seedlings from pests and diseases, the seeds are disinfected before planting.:

The oven is heated to 60 degrees and a baking sheet with radish seeds is sent into it for 15 minutes.
Place parchment paper on a baking sheet. Seeds are distributed so that they do not touch each other.

A 1% solution of manganese is also made (250 ml of liquid and 1 g of magnesium permanganate). The seeds are placed in it for 20 minutes, then washed under running water. These manipulations significantly increase the immunity of the plant.

hardening

For hardening use 2 options.

The seed material is immersed in cold water for 24 hours. Every 4 it is changed.
You can also place the grains in a container and fill them with water. Put the container in the refrigerator overnight, and leave it at room temperature during the day.

You can also check the seeds for germination:

Pre-moistened gauze is placed on a saucer, seeds are laid out on it and covered with the second part of gauze on top.
Moisturize again and leave in a warm place. Good seed material will sprout massively the very next day.

Prepared containers with earth must be moistened. Seeds should be laid to a depth of no more than 1.5 cm. Then cover with soil and tamp a little.

Important! Pre-soaked seeds for 15 minutes will sprout the very next day. Dry seed will sprout in 4 days.

We invite you to watch a video about planting radishes in egg cassettes:

Aftercare

Moisten the soil should be 1 time in 2 days. should be plentiful. After the drought, the radish will not give good fruit and will start to bloom. When the vegetable gives the first true leaf, this is a signal for transplanting into open ground. But is it already possible to transplant radishes into open ground? Yes, if by this time it has already settled on the street warm weather. Despite frost resistance, strong morning frosts can kill radishes.

A sunny fine day is suitable for landing in open soil. The site is chosen quite lit, without a shadow. You can cut the beds with a flat cutter or an ordinary glanders. The soil must be fertilized.

Also the best predecessors of radishes are considered:

potato;
zucchini;
pumpkin;
cucumbers;
beans;
peas.

You can not plant seedlings in areas where cruciferous crops used to grow. After them, pests remain in the soil that can destroy seedlings.

Step-by-step instructions for applying the snail method

To grow seedlings, use the snail method. First you need to prepare an unusual container for seedlings using such materials.:

Transparent container for a snail.
Tweezers.
The soil.
seed material.
Substrate. Strip up to 1.5 meters long and 10 cm wide with good porosity, impervious to moisture.
Plastic bag.
3 rubber bands.

In order for the seeds to germinate without problems, it is necessary:

Soak seed in warm water for 15 minutes. Seeds are also hardened, keeping the day in cold water which should be replaced every 4 hours.
Feed the seed. Dissolve trace elements in the liquid, and put the seeds in it for half a day.
Disinfect grains. To do this, use garlic water (per 100 ml of 20 g of squeezed garlic) or a 1% manganese solution.

Important! The prepared seed material is more resistant to pests and negative external influences.

Armed with all the materials, we proceed to the formation of the cochlea:

After the first shoots, the polyethylene is removed and the first true leaves of seedlings are waiting for transplanting into the ground.

Seedlings do not always grow equally large and strong.. It is not necessary to remove weak shoots. They can be allowed to grow up.

Carefully unwind the snail.
Choose strong shoots for transplanting into open soil, and leave weak ones. Due to the sustained distance between the seeds at , strong shoots are easy to separate without damaging the root system of neighboring shoots.
The snail is then rolled up again and sent into place before the weak seedlings become large and strong.

We invite you to watch a video about planting radishes using the snail method:

What to do if the shoots are stretched out, and why does this happen?

Often, gardeners are faced with the problem of pulling seedlings, when the shoots do not form real leaves, but stretch upwards. There are several reasons for this vegetable behavior:

too high temperatures;
lack of soil;
lack of sufficient light.

Even if this situation happened, do not despair. If the room temperature is too high, it must be lowered. Seedling growth will slow down a little, but it will not stretch. If the matter is in the lack of soil, you need to carefully lay the stem and sprinkle with sifted soil right up to the leaves. In the absence of light, seedlings should be placed where there will be more of it..

Diseases and pests in cultivation

The most dangerous for seedlings is the cruciform flea. This insect resembles an ordinary flea and is able to move by jumping over distances of up to 50 cm. The pest is especially dangerous during drought. So that in a few days he eats up the leaves of seedlings and is able to completely destroy them.

It is impossible to fight a flea with chemistry. Radish is a vegetable that ripens quickly. Chemical elements they will not have time to completely decompose and, together with root crops, will fall on the table. Most effective method- seedling processing wood ash mixed with tobacco dust. To do this, take one part of 2 components, mix and pollinate ready mix seedlings. Manipulation is carried out up to 3 times every 4 days. This method will save radishes from other pests:

whiteflies;
cabbage fly;
thrips.

Also radish is predisposed:

to downy mildew;
mucous bacteriosis;
black leg and keel.

That is why you can not plant radishes in places where cabbage grew before.

Unpretentiousness in care, rapid growth makes radishes a real favorite of gardeners. It is only necessary to choose the right variety, planting time, following all the recommendations. And then providing excellent harvest spring, juicy and healthy vegetable guaranteed.

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During the period of winter beriberi, the human body especially needs such sources of trace elements and vitamins as fresh vegetables. To maintain health and improve general well-being Radishes are the best. This vegetable contains organic acids, enzymes, vitamins B and C, essential for humans, which are so necessary for the body in winter.

Choosing a radish variety for seedlings

The first thing you need to decide before planting a radish is with a variety. Depending on the ripening period, radishes are divided into early varieties, as well as medium and late ripening. In the case of growing radishes on the windowsill, early varieties are optimal, and they must be high-yielding.

Presto radishes are ready to be harvested in 16 - 17 days.

Celeste F1 - the ripening time of root crops is from 20 to 25 days.

Carmen - harvest can be harvested on day 20;

18 days. Ripening time corresponds to the name.

The radish of the above varieties is also good because all root crops ripen together and quickly.

The seeds of the selected radish variety must be sorted out and only those that have Brown color. In order for the seeds to germinate well, it is recommended to soak them in boiled water for at least 20 minutes, and also to disinfect them by adding potassium permanganate to the water.

Preparing radish seeds for seedlings

Radish seeds are calibrated before planting. It is recommended to plant large, high-quality seeds of the same variety or hybrid without mixing them.

In fertile, moist soil, it is permissible to sow seeds without processing and soaking. But still shoots will appear earlier and more friendly if processed planting material. Radish seeds are prepared for precipitation in the following ways:

Seeds are calibrated and placed in damp cloth, keep a day in a warm place.

Warm up the seeds hot water 15 - 20 minutes at a temperature of 50 degrees for the purpose of disinfection and disease prevention. After heating, the seeds are cooled, enriched with microelements and dried.

Treatment of radishes with microelements consists in soaking the seeds in special solutions minerals and growth stimulants (according to the instructions on the drug packaging).

You can soak radishes before planting in ordinary water, clean and slightly warm. Time span: 8-12 hours.

Preparing the land for sowing radish seedlings

The best soil for sowing is fertile, breathable, sandy or loamy in terms of mechanical composition, with a neutral reaction of the soil solution (pH 6.2-6.8). Acidic soil is limed (applied dolomite flour or lime 300 g/m2).

Preparing containers for sowing radishes for seedlings

At right approach it is possible to organize cultivation, which will give a good harvest of this healthy vegetable all year round. Can create plastic containers with land in which to plant radish seedlings in batches. This kind of landing should be carried out every two weeks.

To grow radishes on the window will help pre-prepared wooden small boxes or plastic container with round recesses. The container for seedlings should correspond to the diameter of the window sill and be no higher than 15 cm in height. When choosing a container made of plastic, you should prefer a container in which the cells for each stem will be 5x5x5 cm and have a drainage hole. If the place on the windowsill does not match the width of the boxes, the seedlings can be placed in plastic cups. best choice for growing radishes there will be wooden boxes equipped with pallets.

Planting radish seeds for seedlings

The process available to an amateur in practice looks like this:

We make holes in the ground if they are single cups, or grooves if they are boxes, to a depth of about 1.5 centimeters.
We pour the recesses with warm water.
We distribute the seeds along the groove at a distance of approximately 3 centimeters from each other, cover with earth and lightly water again to slightly compact the substrate.
We cover the container with glass or polyethylene, which is not a pity, and we expect shoots. For the full germination of radish seeds on the windowsill, we maintain the temperature on the balcony or in the room at 18-20ºС. This is ideal.

3-4 days after the appearance of the first "joy" (green radish shoots), we remove the shelter, send the germinated seeds to a place where the air temperature will be at 8ºС. This is for hardening. We stood for 3-4 days - we take it back to comfortable conditions growth.

Radish seedling care

Watering radish seedlings

Water not abundantly room temperature, periodically as the soil dries out so that the roots do not rot. AT summer period it is recommended to irrigate the soil with a spray gun, excluding moisture on the leaves. After watering, it is recommended to hill and loosen the soil around the stem. fertilizers

Radishes do not need additional mineral fertilizers, from which the crop is environmentally friendly and healthy. If desired, you can add organic fertilizers in the form of compost mixed with a small amount of ash. If necessary, the planted culture can be fed with a solution of 1 tablespoon of minerals mixed with 10 liters of water. Feeding is carried out a week after the appearance of sprouts and during the formation of root crops.

Periodically, seedling boxes must be rotated so that the plants develop equally in all directions and do not tangle the leaves with each other. It is also necessary to thin out the leaves so that the distance between the seedlings is 1.5 cm. This is enough for the free growth and development of the plant.

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Hardening off radish seedlings

Although special difficulties caring for radish seedlings is no different, it is still recommended to learn a few key rules that must be followed unquestioningly. In this case you will get good result, and homemade radish sprouts will develop quite actively. But for this it is necessary first of all to master the technology of hardening radish seedlings. There is nothing difficult in this either. When shoots finally appear in the container with the sown grains (wait until the sprouts get a little stronger), it is time to harden the radish seedlings.

What is it for? This procedure is necessary to ensure the resistance of plants to a sharp cold snap. All that is required of you, in fact, is to lower the temperature in the room to 7-8 degrees. Set aside about 3-4 days: during this period, radish seedlings should adapt to the new temperature regime, and then resume the previous temperature readings.

This procedure will help you good service, since radish seedlings will become much more resistant to a possible sharp change in the microclimate in your apartment. Take care of radish shoots - and you will get a generous harvest of this crop on the balcony.

Radishes are a popular spring vegetable. It is grown in vegetable gardens and fields because of its cold resistance, precocity, productivity, excellent palatability, opportunities to receive early products. It is not difficult to grow root crops, but it is still useful to know the intricacies of planting radishes in the spring in open ground so that you can count on good harvest and avoid shooting plants. Let's consider all the stages in detail.

Radish varieties are divided into early, mid-season and late-ripening. The former are intended for spring sowing and early harvest, the latter for summer and autumn sowing and harvest, respectively, in September-October. Early radish ripens on average in just 3 weeks, mid- and late-ripening - in 1-1.5 months, but its roots are larger and can be stored.

Most famous varieties radish for growing in a summer cottage:

18 days - ultra-early variety, elongated cylindrical root crop, pink color, white tail. The pulp is dense white color, mildly acute.
Zhara is an early variety, ripens in 18-20 days. Radishes are round in shape, red-raspberry in color, their flesh is tender, juicy, with a slightly spicy taste.
French breakfast - an early variety, you can harvest on the 21-23rd day. Root crops of a cylindrical form, red-crimson color with a white tip. Pulp of slightly sharp taste.
Carmen is an early variety, ripens in 20 days, the root crop is rounded, red in color, slightly spicy in taste.
Cardinal is a mid-early hybrid. Resistant to bloom. Radishes are round and red.
Red giant - the variety belongs to mid-season. The carmine-red root ripens in 1-1.5 months and grows up to 150 g. The flesh is white-pink, with a good taste.
Octave - mid-season radish. The root crop is rounded, white in color, with delicate pulp, dense, no voids are formed in it.
The red giant is a late variety. Root crops are large, weighing up to 300 g, with pink-red skin and white sweet-spicy pulp.

When choosing a variety for planting, many gardeners are interested in whether a radish called 18 days really grows in such a period? In fact, this result can only be achieved under ideal weather conditions, so it is mostly harvested a few days later. However, it is not worth it to deliberately overexpose the root crops in the beds, hoping that they will still grow: in this case, they quickly coarsen, become fibrous and hollow.

When to sow radishes outdoors

The quality of the entire crop directly depends on the timing of planting radishes. This vegetable is cold-resistant and can easily endure a cold snap or even slight frosts, so you can start growing early radishes from the end of March to the beginning of April, as soon as it gets warmer. You can sow the whole of April and until mid-May and use only early varieties.

It is not recommended to sow later, plants in the conditions of a long day will go into the arrow, while the roots will be small, hard, or they will not exist at all. Optimal length daylight hours for this crop - 8-10 hours, after reaching 14 hours in the sowing of the vegetable, you need to take a break.

You should know that radish sprouts after sowing through:

1.5-2 weeks at air temperature up to +10 °C;
1 week at a temperature of +10…+15 °С;
3 days at a temperature of +15…+20 °С.

Ground temperature during planting should be at least 2-3 °C.

Choosing the right time for landing work can be guided by lunar calendar. In 2018 auspicious days for planting radishes are:

March 20-23;
6-9, 19-20, 23-29 April;
7-10, 19-24 May.

To create a vitamin product pipeline, radish seeding can be done all spring every 1-2 weeks. Summer sowing is carried out throughout July, and at the onset of August they are already finishing. In this case, the crop is harvested in September-October. You can sow radishes before winter.

Sometimes a radish is transplanted to another place if it has been heavily sown. Do this when she has 2 true leaves. But, some gardeners argue that nothing good can be expected from transplanted plants, since root system they are damaged.

How to grow radishes outdoors

Important components of growing radishes in the open field are: suitable variety, correctly chosen planting dates and properly sowing, compliance with necessary rules plant care. Only by fulfilling all these conditions of agricultural technology can one count on the fact that it will be possible to get a decent harvest.

Site selection and soil preparation for planting

For growing radishes in open ground, it is not necessary to allocate special section, you can plant it in the garden, where you can then place some other vegetables. A place for radish should be chosen so that it is lit by the sun in the first half of the day, and in partial shade in the second half. If the selected area is illuminated by the sun throughout the day, then over the ridges you need to install arcs on which to stretch the agrofiber in the afternoon.

Before this crop, cruciferous plants should not grow on the selected beds: cabbage, mustard, watercress. The best predecessors of radishes are nightshade, legumes, pumpkin, bad ones are all cruciferous and the vegetable itself. In general, it is better to sow this vegetable every year in a fresh place.

For early spring radishes, it is better to prepare the site in the fall. The earth needs to be dug deep, add a bucket of rotted humus for each m2 and leave until spring. Fresh manure cannot be brought in. Break the clods in the spring, dig the ground again and level it. If fertilizers were not applied in the fall, then this can always be done in the spring. For each m2, add 10-15 g of saltpeter, 15-20 g of potassium sulfide and 20-25 g of superphosphate. Add sand to clay soil to make it lighter.

Seed preparation

You need to purchase seeds of the variety you like in special packages from trusted manufacturers - this is a guarantee that the radish is really varietal. Before sowing it on the beds, seeds should be prepared in order to select the best ones and enhance their germination. For example, in order to select only viable strong seeds, you need to prepare a saline solution in a cup (50 g of salt per 1 liter of water), pour seeds into it and wait until some of them float. Remove them, drain the water, disinfect the remaining wet seeds in a 1% solution of potassium permanganate for 15 minutes. Then rinse them in water and dry until dry. Optionally, you can soak radish seeds in growth stimulants such as Zircon or Epin.

With early spring sowing of seeds, which is carried out at the end of March, hardening can be carried out, which will increase their resistance to possible temperature changes. Hardening is carried out as follows: wrap the seeds in a damp cloth, leave warm for 1 day, then put in the refrigerator for about 4 hours, then keep warm again. Alternate exposure to different temperatures until the seeds germinate.

How to plant a radish in open ground

The soil on which radishes grow best should be loose and moist. Grooves for seeds need to be made superficial, it is not necessary to bury them deep into the ground. Best Depth planting - 1 cm. The grooves are shed with water, then the radishes are laid out piece by piece at a distance of 5 cm and sprinkled with earth. Row spacing is 10 cm or more.

In order not to thin out seeds accidentally sown too thick, you can sow them under the marker. It is made from a wooden plank with cloves spaced 5 cm apart. To use this marker, you need well-leveled soil in the garden so that the ruler lies flat and the teeth leave prints on it. Such a marker can also be used to form dense plantings when no row spacing is left. Then from m2 of beds it will be possible to harvest up to 5 kg of crop. Another option precision seeding- plant radishes in egg trays, in which the bottom is pre-cut. Such trays need to be laid out on the ridges next to each other, covered with earth and sown in each cell 1 seed.

You can plant radish seeds in open ground in spring with the help of manual seeder- in this case, the seeding will be most accurate. If, nevertheless, the culture is sown densely, then it is thinned out approximately on the 5th day after germination. The weakest plants are pulled out and the strongest ones are left.

For winter planting of radishes in open ground, a site is chosen on level ground or with a slight slope to the south or southeast. It should not be flooded with melt water and be located in a place blown by the winds. Radish before winter is sown in the second half of October, with the onset of frost. Close up according to the same planting scheme, cover with earth, and cover the beds with peat or compost from above, mulch with a leaf, straw, hay. A layer of mulch should be sufficient so that the seeds do not disappear in winter, if suddenly it is not snowy enough. In the spring, as soon as the snow melts, the mulch is removed. Winter sowing makes it possible to get an ultra-early harvest earlier than any radish sown in the spring can keep up.

Care

Everyone can grow early radishes in their beds, but you need to follow some rules. After sowing the seeds, the earth is watered every day until shoots appear. Soil moisture should be within 80%, so watering is necessary not only for seedlings, but also for adult plants that form a root crop: if there is little moisture, the radish will be bitter, and when high temperature can go to the arrow.

There should be no stagnant moisture either: in wet ground, radishes can get sick with a black leg or keel. It is also necessary to ensure that the irrigation is uniform, otherwise, with a sharp change in soil moisture, the roots will crack. Watering is best in the mornings and evenings. It is also necessary to loosen and weed the beds in a timely manner. You need to act carefully so as not to hurt the plants and not cut them. You can also sprinkle the ground around the radishes with sawdust, hay, grass, so as not to loosen and weed.

You can feed radishes both organically and mineral fertilizers. Manure can only be used rotted, fresh radish does not like - plants shoot from it. After the next fertilization, vegetables need to be mulched with peat to make the soil more airy. With proper cultivation, radishes turn out to be neat, juicy, crispy, without coarse fibers and voids.

Harvest and storage

Harvest radishes as they ripen. Root crops are pulled out selectively, taking the tops and simply pulling on it. First, those vegetables that have reached the size characteristic of the variety are harvested. The rest remain to ripen and enlarge. The smallest radishes, if they do not grow, will have to be pulled out as they are - they will not become larger. A few of the largest and most beautiful specimens can be left to seed if the radish is varietal.

Harvested vegetables can be consumed immediately, or stored in the refrigerator (for early varieties, where they can lie for 1-2 weeks) and in the cellar (for late varieties, they will lie in it for up to 2 months).

Diseases and pests: the fight against them

Radishes can be attacked by pests and become infected with diseases. If you do not fight them, there will be no harvest. Therefore, at the first signs of morbidity or damage, measures must be taken. For example, if the radish is sick:

Kiloy - pull out plants and burn them. Add lime to the ground and do not plant a crop in this place for 4 years.
Powdery mildew - treat plants with copper-containing fungicides + crop rotation.
Bacteriosis - spray plantings with Bordeaux liquid.

Processing from pests of the cruciferous flea and whitefish can be carried out with insecticides, but first it is better to try using infusions of wormwood, tobacco, celandine or wormwood. On early ripe varieties, it is best to do with folk remedies.

Expert opinion

Maria Vlasova

gardener

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Planting radishes in open ground and growing them is a simple process, any gardener can master it. And in order for them to be successful, it is necessary to adhere to the sequence and rules for growing a crop: only in this case it will be possible to hope for a return on its part.

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