Flat slate with stone chips. Flat slate: characteristics of the material and features of its use in construction. Preparatory work before installation

When choosing building materials for finishing the basement, most developers prefer those that differ not only in their durability, neat appearance and resistance to weather changes, but also affordable price as well as ease of installation.

To date, consumers often "vote with a ruble" for flat slate, since this is relatively inexpensive material demonstrates high performance characteristics, easy to install, and the possibility of its coloring in various colors adds beauty and personality to the building.

Features of flat slate

Flat sheets of slate are produced by mixing asbestos fiber and Portland cement with the addition of water.

In this case, asbestos is placed throughout the mixture in equal proportions and thus forms a reinforcing base to give strength to the slate.

At present, the home building market offers 2 kinds of rectangular flat slate sheets industrial production- pressed and unpressed standard sizes: 2500x1200 mm (with a sheet thickness of 6-10 mm); 3000x1500 mm (with a thickness of 8-10 mm); 3600x1500 mm (with a thickness of 8-10 mm).

The unpressed sheet varies lowest characteristic strength, 2 times less freeze-thaw cycle and, accordingly, lower cost. For other indicators, it is almost the same as the pressed sheet. As a building material to protect the foundation of a house, flat slate is attractive because:

profitable financially;
has a long service life, is not subject to rotting and corrosion;
durable to bends;
not dependent on temperature changes, resists gusts of wind, snowstorms, does not overheat in the sun, withstands 25-50 freeze-thaw cycles;
provides sound insulation;
due to the presence of asbestos in its composition, it is fireproof, it is not a conductor of electric current;
resistant to aggressive environments, including chemical impurities, the action of acids. Reflects ultraviolet, radioactive and electromagnetic radiation;
easy to install regardless of the time of year.

At the same time, despite all the advantages of flat slate, the following nuances should be taken into account when using it for:

due to the increased fragility of the material, care is required during transportation and installation;
has a lot of weight, which does not allow lining the base with slate without helpers;
requires treatment with antiseptic agents that prevent the growth of moss;
not environmentally friendly when sawing due to asbestos dust arising during operation, requires the use of protective personal equipment;

Nevertheless, due to the ease of laying flat slate with your own hands, which does not require professional skills, you save money on attracting hired finishing specialists. And the speed of installation due to its simple technology will save time.

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The technology of finishing the plinth with flat slate sheets

To clad the plinth with slate, you will need to attach the sheets to the crate of wooden beams, similar to fastening drywall. If necessary, a layer of mineral wool can be laid between the frame posts as thermal insulation.

To connect the sheets to the frame, nails or self-tapping screws and fastening layouts (clamps) are used. It is impossible to drive nails directly into the sheet due to its fragility to point loads. Therefore, so that the sheet does not crack and split into pieces, holes are pre-drilled in it, a slightly larger diameter (1-1.5 mm) than that of the fasteners used.

The required amount of building materials (slate, wooden beams, a layer of thermal insulation and acrylic paint) is calculated by measuring the height of the basement, the width of the foundation protrusion (if any) and the perimeter of the building using a tape measure.

Of the working tools will come in handy:

gloves and respirator;
ruler, building level;
chisel;
cutter;
screwdriver;
circular saw;
electric jigsaw;
spray gun;
self-tapping screws, nails;
clamps for slate.

Before starting work on sheathing the basement, you should carefully inspect the slate for cracks, chips and deformations, so that when cutting the sheets, it is precisely such places that are scrapped. Cutting the slate is as easy as shelling pears: if the sheet has a thickness of up to 6 mm, it is placed on the table, at the place of the necessary fracture, notches are made along the edges with a ruler, a chisel and a cutter, the slate is moved to the edge of the table to the marked edge, pressed - and the desired fracture will be made.

But if the thickness of the purchased sheet is more than 10 mm, then you cannot do without an electric saw, and when cutting, the slate must be sprayed cold water for cooling. If it becomes necessary to cut the asbestos-cement sheet along the length, then at least 0.6 cm is cut off to prevent its destruction. On freshly cut parts of the slate, all fractures or cuts must be painted over using special acrylic paints.

It is preferable not to sheathe a wooden house with anything, but this only applies to new buildings assembled from logs or a block house impregnated special solutions from decay and fire.

But many wooden houses have to be sheathed for one reason or another, and flat slate in these cases is one of the most economical options.

Why are the facades of wooden houses sheathed?

In most cases this is needed

for reasons of economy, when the house is already full of cracks and requires either demolition or overhaul, and there is not enough finance for the construction of a new log house;
if old house roads (parental, family nest, etc.);
if you have country house and sheathing is the most economical option;
for fire safety in disadvantaged areas;
other options.

flat slate has a number of advantages over other materials, such as:

profitability - it is the cheapest of finishing outdoor materials;
incombustibility - for a wooden house it is protection against fire hazardous situations;
the possibility of painting in any color;
ease of work.

In the photo - sheets of flat slate

What will be required?

In order to sheathe wooden house flat slate with insulation, you will need the following materials:

Flat slate.
Thermal insulation.
Beam or metal profile for the crate.
Self-tapping screws are roofing.
Silicone sealant.

Instruments:

Metal shears or saw.
Screwdriver.
Roulette.
Level.
Hacksaw or grinder for cutting slate.

As for the beam for the crate, it is better, of course, to use a metal profile, a wooden beam can subsequently “lead”. Now professional finishers use a metal profile, timber is used very rarely, only if the customer insists.

The process of sheathing a wooden house with flat slate in stages

Cleaning the facade from mold and rot, treatment with an antiseptic for wood. If the insulation does not creep, it is necessary to caulk all the cracks with tow or sealant.
Lathing installation. The crate is leveled from the corner of the house to a width equal to half the width of the slate. Between the vertical crate, crossbars are set to the height of the sheet.
Heater pad. Insulation is placed between the crate.
Waterproofing coating. Waterproofing is attached to the crate.
Sheathing with flat slate. It is attached to the crate with roofing screws.
Passage of all seams with sealant.
Optional: slate painting.

This work, at first glance, is simple, but there are a lot of nuances, because of which it is better to invite specialists. The cost of the work of professional finishers is from 350 to 600 rubles per square meter. Prices depend on the amount of work and the region.

Some masters voice the total cost per square meter, and some consider each stage separately. In any case, approximately the same total amount is obtained.

Sheathing a wooden house with flat slate will help protect the building in case there is a fire nearby and the fire is in the immediate vicinity. This is especially true for country houses in which they do not live permanently and there is no one to monitor them daily. In addition, it keeps heat quite well and protects the house from drafts and blowing, and, most importantly, it is the most inexpensive finishing material.

Flat slate is a direct relative of the well-known and common wave slate. But due to its even structure, it has many more applications.

What is it, flat slate?

Slate is an asbestos-cement material intended primarily for roofing. And in the past he did an excellent job of this task, but on modern market building materials, he begins to lose ground. However, despite the wide range roofing materials, it remains in demand due to its affordable price.

And manufacturers of flat slate are rescued by practicality this material, with which both the facade can be sheathed and the roof can be covered.

The composition of flat slate does not differ in a complex recipe: Portland cement, asbestos fiber and water. Asbestos in this mixture should be evenly distributed throughout the mass.

How to finish the basement of a country house with flat slate?

It is asbestos that creates a reinforcing base in this simple composition, thanks to which the sheet becomes durable. The mixture hardens in special forms of a certain size, and as a result, sheets of flat slate are obtained.

Sheets of flat slate can be produced in two varieties:

asbestos-cement pressed (LP-P). This species can withstand very low temperatures (about 50 freeze and thaw cycles). impact strength this sheet is 2.5 kJ/m2, and the bending strength of the plate is 23 MPa. The residual strength of the pressed slate is 40%, with a material density of 1.8 g/cm3.
asbestos-cement unpressed (LP-NP). The unpressed material does not have such high performance, but also finds its place in construction and is widely used indoors. This slate will withstand exactly half (25) freeze and thaw cycles. The impact strength is 2 kJ/m2, and the bending strength is 18 MPa. The density of the unpressed material is 1.6 g/cm3. The residual density has the same indicator of 40%.

The listed characteristics are indicated by manufacturers on the labels, and this information can be easily obtained from the seller. But on operational properties The quality of the asbestos used in the manufacture of the material also affects: the length and diameter of its fibers, the mineralogical composition, the fineness of grinding, and even the level of equipment on which it is made. It is almost impossible to find out this information, so it is better to purchase flat slate from well-known manufacturers.

Sheets can only be purchased rectangular shape, but in several dimensional variations:

sheet length - 300 cm, width - 150 cm, thickness - 0.8–1 cm;
length - 250 cm, width - 120 cm, thickness - 0.6–1 cm;
length - 360 cm, width - 150 cm, thickness - 0.8–1 cm.

Finishing the facade with flat slate: arguments for and against

The scope of flat slate is very wide and varied. This material can be found in various areas of construction. In industrial construction, for example, flat sheets are found in the fencing of technical shafts and boxes, in the lining of external and internal walls, in the manufacture of formwork. Bird cages, fences and fences for livestock and agricultural land are often built from this material.

Often flat slabs can be seen in summer cottages, where they are widely used for the construction of outbuildings, showers, fences, roofs, etc. Flat sheets are used as façade cladding, dry screeds and sandwich panel walls. The same material can be seen in the city when arranging loggias and balconies.

Such a wide range of uses is possible due to a number of advantages that this material has:

combination of material availability, low price and high quality;
durability - its service life is more than 15 years;
has high strength to shocks, bends and freezing;
has the property of sound insulation;
does not support the combustion process;
not susceptible to mold and fungi;
is not a conductor of electric current;
does not rot and does not give in to corrosion.

Of course, along with the advantages, all the existing disadvantages should be taken into account before sheathing the house with flat slate. Negative characteristics are represented by the following positions:

when installing the slate, you will need an assistant, since the weight of the sheet will not allow you to carry out the work yourself;
the sheets are strong, but at the same time very fragile, so you need to transport and work with them very carefully;
after laying requires mandatory coverage special formulations to protect the surface and prevent the appearance of moss;
asbestos is environmentally friendly safe material and harmful in large quantities.

After analyzing all the advantages and disadvantages, we can conclude that finishing the facade with flat slate would be a good idea. This material is able to soundproof the house, protect the walls from the effects external environment for more than 15 years and at the same time it will cost quite cheaply. The only thing is that you will have to find a neat assistant in order to translate everything conceived into reality.

How to sheathe a house with flat slate: a scheme of actions

Slate - the material is quite fragile, which obliges you to work with it carefully and competently. Before proceeding with the installation, you need to familiarize yourself with the features of working with this material. Just a few rules, the observance of which can facilitate the workflow and prevent negative consequences:

you need to prepare a respirator or a protective mask that can protect the respiratory tract from asbestos dust that appeared when cutting slate;
do not cut very thin strips - minimum width 6 mm, otherwise the edge will begin to deform and collapse;
all sections of slate must be treated with acrylic paint;
in order to drive a nail into the slate slab, you must first drill a hole for it;
it is necessary to conduct a visual inspection of each sheet for deformations and cracks.

The step-by-step scheme for sheathing a house with flat slate is as follows:

How to sheathe a house with flat slate - step by step diagram

Step 1: Preparing the Work Surface

The slate will be attached to the frame, so the first step is to ensure the presence of a wooden crate. The crate can be made of boards or timber, which will be laid at a distance in accordance with the dimensions of the slate sheet (approximately 0.6 m). If desired, you can add a layer of waterproofing or thermal insulation between the frame. For this fit cellulose insulation ecowool or mineral wool.

Step 2: Preparing the flat slate

Facing material before work must be inspected and deformed sheets removed. Next, you need to measure and cut the slate so that it is ready for installation. Cutting is the most crucial and difficult moment.

if the sheet has a thickness of no more than 6 mm, then the cutting process looks like this: using a ruler and a pencil, a notch line is marked, then notches are made on both sides. Next, you need to place the sheet on the table so that the edge of the table and the break line coincide, and carefully break it;
if the sheet is more than 6 mm thick, then you need to use a saw. The material during the cutting process will need to be periodically cooled with water.

Slate sheets that have any flaws (cracks, punctures, bumps) must be cut first if there is a need for smaller slabs.

Step 3: Mounting the flat slate

The slate is attached to the crate with screws, for which a hole is pre-drilled. The heads of these screws will be closed with fastening layouts. The hole diameter for the screws should be 1-2 mm wider than the nails and screws used to avoid cracks and splits at the fastening points.

Step 4: Processing

At the final stage, you need to process the slate by special means that will protect it from the appearance of mosses and lichens. For these purposes, acrylic paint is well suited. It is better to paint with a spray gun or spray gun.

External finishing with slate of the plinth facade

Facade decoration with slate

The word slate brings to mind a certain type of roof on buildings and nothing more. Surprise comes when you get acquainted with the wide range of its application, popularity and properties.
Judging by the age of use of slate products, the price is also affordable for different categories of the population. Who would have thought that even the facades of houses are finished with flat slate.
In the application of this material, the main segments can be distinguished.

Arguments "for" use and where

The main areas of application of flat slate include:

Facing structures in construction. These include sanitary facilities, various partitions and walls of ventilation shafts, flooring in an industrial building, boards for window sills, boxes, various lintels, formwork, and this is not the whole list.
Sprinklers for cooling towers at power plants.
Registration of ventilated facades and finishing of facades of private houses with slate.
Installation of puff sandwich panels.
The material has become indispensable in outbuildings - the arrangement of showers and toilets, the construction of gazebos and animal enclosures, the manufacture of compost bins and narrow paths, the design of beds, the construction of fences.

Attention: Your slate buildings will be durable and strong, because unlike wood, slate does not rot and is not damaged by insects.

Slate production is divided into pressed and non-pressed products. The pressed material has a significant density and strength, therefore it is more often used in the decoration of external walls.
The second type has a low density and is used indoors.
The rest of the properties are identical:

Frost resistance when the coating withstands more than 55 freeze and thaw cycles.
Convenience, ease of processing and installation. Harmonizes with any architectural structures and is cut with a saw or a hacksaw.
Moisture resistant material corroded and decay.
Durable and durable product in use.
Slate does not support combustion processes.
Resistant material to the negative effects of the atmosphere.
It has excellent sound insulation, so the noise of wind, rain, hail strikes, will not disturb family members who are indoors.
Does not react with acids, alkali solutions and other aggressive components.

What is against its use

Looking through the proposed and photo screensavers, picture galleries and videos, the variety of colors and different shades is not striking. Not bright tones and colors predominate, which either complement other materials or act as separate spots themselves.
So:

Slate with a big stretch can be attributed to environmentally friendly products, although studies have shown that there is no particular harm from it.
It has significant weight and large mass.
The value of the delivery of slate is its transportation and storage.
Moss may appear on the surface of the sheets from long inactivity, required additional processing coatings with special compounds.
Demand gives rise to proposals, but sometimes with an inflated cost of slate products. These costs pay off over time due to savings on expensive lumber, labor.
Slate is a fragile material, so work with it must be done with a partner or colleagues.

How to work with flat slate

frozen slate waves

Practice shows that finishing the facade of a house with flat slate or otherwise, with asbestos-cement sheets is used quite often and is quite feasible with your own hands.

Flat slate - all the secrets of economical facade decoration

Not required for work special tools, knowledge, high qualifications in the construction specialty or skills.
Some simple rules, and instructions will help facilitate the workflow and prevent negative and undesirable consequences actions:

It is necessary to stock up on a protective mask or respirator to protect the respiratory tract from asbestos dust.
To prevent deformation and destruction of the edge, do not cut thin strips less than 6 mm wide.
Slate sections are processed with acrylic paints.
Nails are driven into the slate slab in advance drilled holes.
Each sheet is subjected to visual inspection for deformation and cracks.

Attention: Slate sheets that have flaws - cracks, chips, bumps, are used primarily when there is a need for smaller slabs.

Sheathing with flat slate

The slate is attached to the frame, for which it is necessary to arrange a wooden crate. The crate is made of boards or timber, laid at a distance corresponding to the dimensions of the slate sheet (0.6 m).
Optionally, a layer of hydro-thermal insulation is added between the frame. For these purposes, eco or mineral wool is used.
The preparation of slate sheets consists in a preliminary examination and removal of deformed sheets. Then they are measured and cut for subsequent installation.
Cutting refers to the most crucial and difficult moment.

Attention: A sheet with a thickness of more than 6 mm is cut with a water-cooled saw, and less than 6 mm notches are made on both sides and carefully broken at the edge of the table, coinciding with the break line.

The slate is fastened and mounted to the crate with screws in pre-drilled holes. The screw heads are covered with fasteners.
Hole diameters for screws are made 1-2 mm wider than nails and screws, so as not to get splits at the attachment points.
The last stage refers to the treatment with special compounds from the appearance of mosses and lichens, acrylic paint is used.
Finishing the foundation with slate is performed in two versions. As in the previous description with a frame and a crate, or simply glued to absolutely smooth surface outer wall foundation.
Finishing a slate basement is often done after the construction of the building, when the homeowner began to think about how to revet the basement of the house. The basement refers to the part of the building that is most exposed to mechanical stress, atmospheric adverse effects.
The technology of execution and its observance affects the durability of coatings. The plinth is insulated with 5 cm thick foam plastic, which is fastened with plastic dowels.
The first and second layers of foam are positioned and fixed in such a way as to overlap the joints. Flat slate is attached to dowels, but longer.

Manufacturers of flat slate do not part with a practical material suitable for decorative finishes façade and roofing.

There are two types of slate - flat and wave. The first option has a wider application, in addition to covering the roof with it. With its help, they also construct outbuildings and finish the facade of the house. Let's talk about how to independently build a house from slate and cover the house with slate.

Cladding a house with slate: material features

Slate is a fairly popular and inexpensive finishing material. With its help, roofing is most often performed. Asbestos, cement and additional fillers are a part of slate.

It should also be said about the high practicality of slate, which, after being removed from the roof, is also used for other purposes, for example, for building a fence. In the process of making slate, all the ingredients in a certain proportion are combined with each other. At the same time, a substance in the form of asbestos is used as a reinforcing base. It strengthens the slate and increases its strength to mechanical influences. For solidification of the composition is used special shapes, which allow you to get a specific texture.

There are two options for making slate sheets:

Pressed type slate - characterized by low temperature resistance, high impact strength, bending strength and good performance.
Non-pressed type slate - does not have such high strength indicators, but is used for interior decoration premises.

The manufacturer indicates all operational properties of slate on its label. Therefore, when choosing a slate, be sure to familiarize yourself with them.

The service life of the slate on the roof of the house also determines the amount of asbestos in its composition, the characteristics of the substance itself, the length of the fibers, their mechanical strength, grinding quality, equipment, for the manufacture of slate.

Most often, the shape of slate is rectangular, although some manufacturers make it in various variations. Among the main advantages of slate, we note:

affordable cost of the material in relation to its high performance properties;
duration of operation, which is explained by the breadth of its application;
resistance to ultraviolet radiation and heating from the sun;
high mechanical strength to withstand the weight of an average person;
processing with mechanical tools;
no sound during rain, good sound insulation characteristics;
lack of electrical conductivity;
resistance to corrosion and high humidity;
maintainability, ability partial replacement when damaged.

Flat slate is quite often used in the process of finishing facades. In addition, this material is popular in the industrial construction industry, even in the manufacture of certain types of formwork, fences and agricultural buildings.

Sheets of flat slate are widespread on summer cottages, of which they construct outbuildings, showers and roofs. With the help of flat sheets of slate, they line the facade, equip a dry screed and erect walls. In addition, the use of material in the decoration of the balcony is widespread.

The widespread use of flat slate is due to its following characteristics:

availability of material and low price;
the service life of the slate is more than 12 years;
high level of impact resistance;
high level of sound insulation;
Fire safety;
mold resistance and different kind fungi;
resistance to moisture.

Despite this, when sheathing a house with flat slate, it is necessary to take into account its disadvantages:

installation of slate must be carried out by at least two people;
in the process of working with sheets, special care should be taken, since this material, although capable of supporting the weight of an adult, is particularly fragile;
in order to prevent the development of fungus, mold and moss on the surface of the slate, it must be covered with special compounds.

In principle, having studied all the disadvantages and advantages of this material, we can conclude that it is ideal for facade decoration. However, in this case, at least two people are required to work.

How to sheathe a house with slate with your own hands - technology

Since slate is a rather fragile material, special care and literacy should be exercised in the process of working with it. Before starting work, familiarize yourself with the features of working with slate:

since the slate contains asbestos, it is recommended to work with it by wearing a respirator, which will protect the person cutting the slate from dust;
the minimum thickness of the cut of the slate strip is 0.6 cm, otherwise, deformation and destruction of its edges will occur;
to process just cut sections of slate, use acrylic paint;
before installing the nail into the slate, initially make a hole under it with a drill;
before mounting each sheet, inspect it for damage or deformation.

The slate is installed on a previously prepared frame. Most often, wooden boards or timber are used for its manufacture. The interval for laying wood for the crate depends on the size of the sheet and is most often 60 cm. If necessary, waterproofing and thermal insulation materials are installed before laying the sheets.

Before starting work, inspect the slate for damage and set the damaged sheets aside. Further, it is recommended to pre-cut the sheets according to the dimensions of the wall and begin their installation.

Sheathe the house with flat slate photo:

The process of cutting slate is quite complicated and requires special skills to work with this material. To do it correctly, follow these steps:

with a sheet thickness of more than 0.6 cm, initially mark the place of the cut with a ruler and a pencil, then make a notch on each side and place the sheet on the table in such a way that it is convenient for you to break it;
at thicker sheet, a special saw is used to cut the slate, while cutting, cool the slate with cold water.

Self-tapping screws are used to fix the slate on the surface of the crate. Before installing them, it is necessary to pre-drill a hole, otherwise, the slate may burst. To close the hats of self-tapping screws, special linings are used. After installing the slate, it is processed using special protective compounds preventing the development of moss on its surface. If necessary, slate is painted in a color suitable for the exterior.

Features of finishing the house with slate: ventilation facade structures

A ventilated facade is a technology for finishing a building, during which space remains between its main wall and the finishing material for the facade for normal air circulation. At the same time, with the help air gap it is possible to get rid of condensate and steam coming out of the walls. Optimal value the air gap is selected individually for each building and ranges from twenty to fifty centimeters.

Sheathe the house with slate photo:

When equipping a ventilated facade, it is necessary to perform the following actions:

Mount the frame on the wall wooden beam or from boards. Possible use case metal frame for the manufacture of crates. Before installation wooden structures, they must be treated with special formulations.
If necessary, insulation is placed between the frame. If mineral wool was used as a heat-insulating material, then in without fail it will be necessary to install a waterproofing material in the form of a moisture-proof membrane.
Next, the installation of a control batten is carried out, which provides the necessary ventilation space. Further, slate is already fixed on it, performing the function of an external finishing material for a ventilated facade.

If there is no need for wall insulation, then the insulation does not fit, and the interval between the frames is about 5 cm. It is possible to purchase a ready-made kit for a ventilated facade. In this case, its installation and construction will be faster.

On the initial stage designing a ventilated facade, the type of material from which the crate will be constructed is determined. Next, you should determine the need for installation of insulation, its thickness and type. If the thickness of the insulation is more than 10 cm, then in this case it will also perform the function of an excellent sound insulator. The thickness of the boards used during the installation of the crate is determined by the presence or absence of insulation.

Next, decide on the amount of material needed to equip the ventilated facade. When insulating the facade, we recommend stopping at the mineral wool type of insulation, it has higher performance properties than polystyrene foam. The plinth must be insulated with extruded polystyrene foam.

The use of slate in the arrangement of a ventilated facade has the following advantages:

it is installed both in winter and in summer, regardless of the temperature regime;
duration of operation;
high level of thermal insulation and protection of the house from extraneous sounds;
a variety of materials for the manufacture of the facade;
weather resistance.

In addition, after the installation of slate, it is painted in any desired shade and acquires additional aesthetic appeal. Slate house - on the one hand, cheap, but at the same time practical option. The duration of operation of a ventilated facade is more than 16 years, with proper care behind the slate If necessary, the damaged slate can be easily dismantled and replaced with a new one.

How to paint flat slate on a house

Choice correct paint for flat slate will allow not only to obtain an attractive surface of the walls of the house, but also to improve the performance of the material. Incorrectly selected paint for slate will peel off its surface in six months.

Since the slate is outdoors and is exposed to ultraviolet radiation, moisture and temperature changes, the paint must be resistant to all these factors.

The use of plain enamel is highly recommended for covering slate. Since after a certain time has elapsed from the moment the paint was applied, it begins to slide from the surface, forming rags on the slate.

In order to protect the slate from moisture, it is recommended to use acrylic-based paint. In addition, this paint option is distinguished by a wide color palette, bright and saturated colors, not prone to fading.

If the slate is constantly exposed to the wind, then it is not recommended to paint it with silicone paint, as it will lose color over time and turn gray.

An excellent option is a combination of silicate and acrylic paint. In this case, the paint protects the surface of the slate from dirt and dust, and has high water-repellent properties.

Another option for covering and protecting slate from external factors is an liquid rubber. It, after being applied to the surface, forms a dense film, characterized by elasticity and durability. And the presence of special pigments in the composition of the paint prevents its fading.

However, rubber paints are highly toxic, so they are used exclusively outdoors. When working with paint, wear a protective mask and goggles.

In any case, before applying the paint, the slate is coated with a primer. It provides coating protection against fungus and mold. The primer is recommended to be applied in two layers. At the same time, waiting for the complete drying of each of the layers. Next, paint is applied to the slate, initially, it is recommended to apply one coat of paint, after waiting for it to dry, paint the walls several more times. Thus, it will be possible to achieve rich color. Paint the slate before mounting it on the walls, while it is recommended to install the material in a strictly horizontal position.

There is a factory painted slate, in which case you can save time and physical possibilities for painting. Although the cost of such material is somewhat more expensive than buying ordinary slate and painting it.

For facing a basement made of concrete or brick, sheet materials are used, natural and fake diamond, profiled sheet, paint and varnish compositions. They can be grouped according to similar physical properties, installation methods.

In the segment of sheet finishing materials, flat slate, fiber-reinforced concrete panels and DSP can be distinguished. Let us consider in more detail the properties of each, as well as the methods of their installation on the basement of the house.

This is an inexpensive material that has all the necessary properties for exterior finish. Flat slate is made from asbestos fiber, Portland cement and water. It is pressed and unpressed.

Both types of slate are durable with a service life of 25-30 years. Do not break down in aggressive environments low temperatures. Flat slate has a low water absorption coefficient. Sheets do not burn. Frost resistance makes it possible to sheathe the facades of buildings in the regions of the Far North with flat slate.

For all its strength, slate is fragile. It can be destroyed by dynamic impact, such as hitting a stone or large hail. Asbestos dust is very harmful to human lungs, so the sheets are processed in respirators.

To finish the plinth, it is better to use a denser pressed slate.

The lining of the basement walls with flat slate is carried out according to metal or wooden frame for self-tapping screws. A hole of a smaller diameter is drilled under each self-tapping screw in the sheet. External and internal corners closed with additional elements made of galvanized steel.

People are wondering how to paint the flat slate on the facade of the house after the installation is completed. acrylic primer, acrylic or silicone paint on the water based. The primer is applied in one layer, the paint in two or three.

Fiber concrete panels

A material in demand on the market for finishing not only the plinth, but also the entire surface of the facade. Fiber concrete panels are made from cement and sand. Fiberglass is used as a filler. It rigidly binds all components into a single strong structure. For improvement operational qualities additives are used.

Fiber-reinforced concrete panels are an expensive material for a ventilated plinth. Fiberglass gives them additional resistance to natural oxidizing agents. The panels do not spread, do not absorb moisture, do not crack, do not break. Due to the low weight of the element, they are easy to mount on the plinth. They are available in a wide range of colors and textures.

The only disadvantage of fiber-reinforced concrete panels for the base is the high cost.

Finishing the above-ground part of the foundation with fiber-reinforced concrete panels is carried out on metal profiles, which are fixed to the brackets. Step installation profiles 400-600 mm. Brackets can be of variable length to level the irregularities of the basement.

Most often, fiber-reinforced concrete panels are used for ventilated plinths. Between the panels and the wall fits and. There are two ways to fasten the panels to the guides: on self-tapping screws and kleimers. Thin slabs up to 14 mm can be fastened to self-tapping screws with rubber gaskets. Thicker ones are mounted using kleimer locks.

You can only cut panels with a grinder with a diamond wheel. Other tools crumble edges, increasing material consumption.

Cement particle board (DSP)

Finishing of the CSP basement is carried out both separately and as part of the cladding of the entire facade. Cement particle boards are a universal finishing material in the form of sheets with a thickness of 8-36 mm. They are made by pressing wood chips and cement. Large fraction chips are at the base of the sheet, and finer ones in the upper layer.

Finishing slabs of asbestos cement (chrysotile cement) additionally allows you to insulate the building under lining ... Many do facade cladding flat slate, and have no idea that it is the same as asbestos cement.

plinth a private house needs protection from mechanical damage, the negative effects of precipitation, ultraviolet rays. For this, apply: plaster mix, a natural stone...

The industrial production of the first artificial slate was launched at the beginning of the 20th century. according to the technology patented by the Austrian industrialist Ludwig Gatchek. Innovative products, which are flat gray tiles made of asbestos cement, are called "eternite" - "eternal", translated from Latin. A little later, due to their similarity with slate plates, the German name "schiefer" was attached to them. This slate was flat and small in size.

So asbestos-cement slabs, which are used as roofing and facing materials. Over time, their size and shape changed, technology improved. Appeared wave sheets, and everyone forgot about Gatchek tiles. But flat slate, as a direct descendant of the very "Eternite", is still used in many areas of construction.

Flat slate is flat rectangular sheets made of asbestos cement (chrysotile cement). It contains:

portland cement - 80-90% (as a base);
chrysotile asbestos - 10-20% (as a binder);
additives - 1%.

Chrysotile asbestos is a durable magnesium silicate fiber that is resistant to alkaline cement media. Therefore, asbestos cement, in fact, is fiber cement reinforced with hard chrysotile fibers. This explains the high mechanical strength of asbestos-cement slate, its heat resistance, wear resistance and durability.

An important detail: in the composition of flat slate, chrysotile-asbestos is firmly bound to cement, therefore, in environment it doesn't evaporate. Asbestos dust can only enter human lungs when cutting slate. Therefore, for safety reasons, it is necessary to use a respirator during this event.

Scope of use of flat slate

The universal shape and excellent performance properties allow the use of flat slate in many sectors of construction. Compared with wavy sheets, it is not often used for roofs and then, as a rule, as part of prefabricated screeds. Although quite recently, enterprises produced small-sized flat tiles - especially for covering roofs like tiles. Now their production has been discontinued.

However, some home craftsmen, wanting to get an inexpensive "tiled" roof made of asbestos cement, find a way out of the situation. And cut the flat slate into small tiles to then cover the roof with them. interesting way use, but official instructions to slate, it is not recommended.

In accordance with GOST 18124-2012, flat slate is used:

when installing prefabricated screeds for roofing systems such as PKS-1, PKS-2, PKS-3, PKS-4;
as an element of roofing in prefabricated roofing systems(for example, "TN Roofing-Titan" and "TN Roofing Universal" from "TechnoNikol");
like material inner lining walls and partitions;
for facade cladding for various purposes(residential, industrial, etc.);
for the construction of structures: fences, gazebos, galleries industrial enterprises, protections of balconies and loggias;
for mounting boxes, slopes, window sills;
for flooring or suspended ceilings;
in designs wall panels(blocks) with sandwich type insulation - in the construction of residential buildings, pavilions, stalls, utility blocks, etc.;
as material fixed formwork for foundations and walls in the construction of low-rise buildings (flat sheets in this case play the role of finishing and external retaining reinforcement for a concrete structure);
when constructing structures for landscaping adjoining territory, garden and vegetable garden, that is, as a material for covering paths, assembling the walls of compost pits, fencing beds, etc.;
for the device of irrigators in cooling towers.

In addition, it is used in TechnoNikol roofing systems:

Types of flat slate

In accordance with GOST 18124-2012, two types of flat asbestos-cement slate are produced: pressed and unpressed.

Pressed sheets removed from the sizing drum are additionally subjected to pressure compaction. The manufacturing technology of non-pressed products does not provide for such a procedure.

In the symbol of slate sheets, there is always an alphabetic abbreviation of the type of product. Flat non-pressed sheets are designated as LPN. Pressed flat sheets - like BOB.

Unpressed slate is less durable and dense than pressed slate. But it has less weight and is easier to handle. LPN can be cut, sawn, drilled without much physical effort. They are easy to fix on horizontal and vertical surfaces with screws. Accordingly, non-pressed boards are very convenient for finishing and roofing works. They are used for sheathing walls and partitions inside buildings, for installing ceilings, for mounting fences, as a leveling screed in a roofing prefabricated pie.

Pressed slate, due to the additional compression of its structure under pressure, is characterized by higher strength, density, impact strength and durability. LPP is recommended for use in cladding and assembly of structures exposed to aggressive environments and the risk of fire.

Pressed slate is resistant to corrosion, chemical and biological substances, elevated temperatures. It does not burn, does not evaporate harmful substances. Therefore, its use is popular at gas stations, car washes, service stations, workshops and spray booths.

LPP is also used for facade cladding and interior spaces buildings, to create prefabricated wall panels, enclosing structures, floor surfaces, roofing pies(as a tie).

The increased strength and load-bearing capacity makes pressed sheets a suitable material for permanent wall and foundation formwork. An additional advantage of LPP is increased wear resistance, which allows the sheets to be reused after dismantling.

Decorative features of the material

In order to provide the consumer with a wide range of material, with the possibility of selecting it for the specific requirements of the design of the structure, flat slate is produced:

unpainted;
painted;
invoiced.

Unpainted sheets are considered ordinary, they remain in the natural color for asbestos cement - gray. To obtain painted sheets, a primer layer is applied to the pressed slate, and then acrylic paint. Mass staining is performed much less often. The color base is selected according to RAL catalogs, Monicolor, Tikkurila, NCS.

Textured slate - the most decorative option. There are several ways to texture the surface of asbestos-cement sheets:

Creation of a layer of stone chips of jasper, marble, serpentine, granites. A primer is applied to the surface of the plate, then an adhesive composition, which is sprinkled stone chips followed by varnish.
Applying embossed prints to the raw asbestos-cement mass using special stamps, after which the sheets are painted in the usual way. As a result, flat slate gets a new texture and color, imitating wood, stone, silk, etc.
Creating a textured polymer layer with marble or quartz filler.
The use of iron oxide pigments as a filler, which give the slate a "metallic" color (like titanium, bronze, aluminum, etc.).
Colored sheet coating cement plaster, allowing you to get an unusual texture and a variety of shades with color splashes.

Coatings with paint or stone chips not only increase decorative properties slate, but also play the role of a protective layer. Such sheets have increased wear resistance, wear out less and last longer.

Due to the decorative component, they are used for finishing cladding of facades, installation of balcony (loggia) railings, construction of fences and other visible surfaces of structures.

Dimensions and weight

Sheets of flat slate, in contrast to asbestos-cement tiles such as Eternite, are quite large. This explains some narrowing of their scope of use (especially as a finishing roofing).

Sheet sizes are regulated by GOST 18124-2012 or TU of enterprises. According to GOST, the length of products is several specific values \u200b\u200bin the range of 1200-3600 mm, width - within 1120-1570 mm, thickness - 6-8, 10 mm.

The weight of flat sheets, due to the dimensions, is also rather big. A square meter of an unpressed sheet, 10 mm thick, weighs about 19 kg, and a pressed sheet weighs about 21 kg. That is, the weight of a standard pressed sheet with a thickness of 10 mm, a length of 3 m, and a width of 1.5 m will be 96 kg, and unpressed - about 87 kg. These figures may have slight errors, depending on the additives used and the moisture content of the product.

physical and chemical indicators

The most important specifications flat slate, on which its durability and application possibilities depend, are strength, density, viscosity, and frost resistance.

Flat slabs are characterized by high bending strength, which allows them to be used in the construction of ceilings, floors, roofing, foundation walls. Unpressed products withstand bending forces of 18 MPa, pressed products - 23 MPa.

The density of flat slate is relatively small and is equal to 1600 kg/m3 for LNP and 1800 kg/m3 for LPP. It means that thermal insulation properties material, on the contrary, are quite high.

Impact strength is a value that indicates the ability of a material to resist impact loads. For pressed sheets, this parameter should be at least 2.5 kJ/m2, for non-pressed sheets, at least 2 kJ/m2.

Another important parameter- frost resistance. Unpressed slate withstands 25 freeze-thaw cycles, and pressed slate - 50. As a rule, these figures are very close to the actual service life of asbestos-cement sheets.

Designation and marking of sheets

Sheets of flat slate have their own symbol, characterizing their type and size. It contains the letter abbreviation of the product type (LPN or LPP - non-pressed and pressed sheets, respectively), dimensions (length, width, thickness - in millimeters), designation of the current standard.

For example, pressed sheets with a length of 3000 mm, a width of 1570 mm, a thickness of 10 mm, manufactured in accordance with GOST 18124-2012, are designated as LPP 3000 x 1570 x 10 GOST 18124-2012. And non-pressed products with a length of 1200 mm, a width of 1120 mm, a thickness of 6 mm - as LNP 1200 x 1120 x 6 GOST 18124-2012.

The symbol for sheets is indicated in the accompanying documents for products, in construction drawings, etc. Directly on the sheets you can see another mark for identification - marking.

Usually it is applied to the slate by printing. But it is also allowed to use printed labels that are glued to sheets. A minimum of 1% of the sheets in a lot must be marked with the marking.

The marking contains:

manufacturer's name or trademark;
lot number;
a sign indicating the type of sheet and its thickness (a square with a number in the center is an unpressed sheet, the same square, but symbolically “compressed” by two arrows, is a pressed sheet).

Advantages and disadvantages of slate

To better understand whether flat slate is suitable for use in a particular building situation, it will be useful to outline its pros and cons.

The most significant benefits:

Wear resistance and mechanical strength.
Durability, which is on average 25-50 years.
High bending strength, thanks to which the sheets do not deform under the influence of a layer of snow (on the roof) or concrete masses(as formwork walls).
High fire resistance. Slate refers to fireproof, refractory and non-combustible materials.
Resistance to aggressive environments - chemical and biological. Slate is not subject to corrosion, neutral to alkalis and industrial atmospheric emissions. The material is resistant to microorganisms, it does not rot and is not damaged by insects.
Moisture resistance. Sheets of flat slate do not let water through and are an excellent waterproofing material.
Resistance to temperature changes.
Frost resistance, allowing the use of slate in any climatic zones even in the Far North.
Easy installation, simple repairs.
Undemanding in operation.
Low price compared to similar materials.

Disadvantages to be aware of:

Fragility, which often leads to breaking sheets already at the installation stage. This feature requires laying in the estimate an additional amount of material. At the same time, many manufacturers are trying to deal with the problem by adding special plasticizers to the chrysotile-cement mixture.
Low impact strength. Often used as an outdoor finishing material, slate sheets are subject to impact damage from, for example, hail or thrown rocks.
The release of asbestos dust during cutting and drilling of slate, which can enter the lungs of a person and adversely affect his health. Therefore, when machining plates, you should use respirators. At enterprises and in enclosed spaces where slate is processed, it is mandatory to install dust collectors with air purification devices.

Despite the shortcomings, flat slate can be safely called universal. building material. Some experts say that you can build a whole city out of it! And this statement is not so far from the truth.

Walls, roofs, and fences are built from flat chrysotile sheets, which are highly durable and retain their properties for many decades.

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