Autonomous sewerage at their summer cottage. Sewerage in the country without pumping out with your own hands from concrete rings. Types of autonomous sewage
Unable to connect to the central sewer? You can solve the problem locally - install a septic tank. To make this task easier, we have prepared a review of 9 reliable septic tank manufacturers. Chances are good that other companies you come across are either copying or counterfeiting these 9 products.
We warn you! Here and below, by septic tanks, we mean any engineering structures designed to collect or process wastewater, unless otherwise indicated. Including these are VOCs and SBOs - local treatment facilities and stations biological treatment, respectively.
Purpose of the article: tell about the most reliable companies that have been producing septic tanks and biological treatment plants for domestic wastewater for more than 10 years. Simplify the selection of a suitable equipment model based on the needs of the buyer, the soil conditions on the site and the budget of the purchase.
Types of septic tanks
Before we talk about wastewater treatment plants, let's conduct a small educational program. Conventionally, all treatment facilities can be divided into 3 groups:
- storage tanks. It doesn’t matter what they are made of, their function is the same - to accumulate drains in themselves before the arrival of a sewage truck. Relatively cheap, easy to install, no maintenance per se. Use is limited by the useful volume of the tank, hence the need for economical use of water and binding to the services of sewers. It's inconvenient and expensive. They are used only when soil and other conditions do not allow the installation of structures from the following two groups;
- settling tanks. Multi-section tanks that do not require electricity connection for sedimentation of wastewater and their anaerobic treatment. Microbiological purification processes proceed slowly in an environment depleted of oxygen. The outlet water has a characteristic odor and is purified by a maximum of 60%, so it must be cleaned up. For this, fields or filtration wells are used: effluents seep through the soil layer, after which they do not pose a threat to the environment. Settlers are simply arranged and affordable, but demanding to maintain. They periodically need to be cleaned of accumulated sediment, once every 5 years the filtration field must be redone. This solution is not suitable for high groundwater levels (GWL) and soil with poor throughput, for example, clay;
- aeration stations. The most advanced systems for the preparation of households. drains. In the process of sedimentation, aeration and the use of microorganisms, wastewater is cleaned by more than 90%, has no smell, and can be drained into roadside ditches. However, such stations require connection to the mains, their efficiency suffers during power outages. Plus, they are expensive and require qualified maintenance.
With views treatment facilities figured it out. It remains to take 5 steps to choose the right one for your operating conditions.
| Step 1. Choose your accommodation option | |
|---|---|
| seasonal (at the cottage) Operating conditions:
|
Ideal fit:
|
| permanent (in a private house) Operating conditions:
|
Ideal fit:
|
| Step 2. Choose the type of soil on the site | |
| clay Initial conditions:
|
Ideal fit:
|
| sand, sandy loam, loam Initial conditions:
|
Ideal fit:
|
| peat Initial conditions:
|
Ideal fit:
|
| Step 3. Choose the depth of groundwater | |
| above 1.5 Initial conditions:
|
Ideal fit:
|
| below 1.5 Initial conditions:
|
Ideal fit:
|
| Step 4. Choose a model according to the autonomy of work | |
non-volatile
|
Ideal for:
|
volatile
|
Ideal for:
|
| Step 5. Select the number of permanent residents | |
up to 5
|
Ideal fit:
|
to 10
|
Ideal fit:
|
up to 20
|
Ideal fit:
|
We hope that this table has helped you choose the right septic tank option. It remains to be determined by the manufacturer. There are 9 companies in the table below and their a brief description of. All the manufacturers we have reviewed offer solutions for both seasonal and permanent residence.
| Manufacturers of all types of septic tanks | ||
|---|---|---|
| , all types of septic tanks Bars |
Ideal for: residents of the above cities, because Bars is a practical and economical option waste disposal. You can choose the most suitable model for the specific operating conditions of the septic tank. |
Middle price segment:
|
| , models Topas, TopBio, TopAero |
Ideal for: permanently residing in a private house, provided there are no power outages. |
Middle price segment:
|
| , models Cedar, Unilos Astra, etc. |
Ideal for: VOC devices in a residential home. |
Middle price segment:
|
| , Microbe, Tank, Biotank models |
Ideal for: a budget purchase for the country, which is facilitated by frequent manufacturer discounts and the simplicity of the design of most models. |
Budget price segment:
|
| , models Termite and Ergobox |
Ideal for: residents of the cities indicated above due to free delivery. For those who are looking for an alternative to Tank structures. |
Budget price segment:
|
| , Eurolos models |
Ideal for: those who need simple models septic tanks for giving at a low price. |
Budget price segment:
|
| Manufacturers of non-volatile septic tanks | ||
| , Rostock models |
Ideal for: devices inexpensive autonomous sewerage in the country. |
Budget price segment:
|
| Manufacturers of local treatment facilities | ||
| , models Eurobion, Yubas |
Ideal for: permanent residence, when the maximum degree of wastewater treatment is needed, even with significant salvo discharges. |
Premium price segment:
|
| , models Tver |
Ideal for: large areas with permanent residence, because the hatches provide free access to all parts of the installation and take up a lot of space. |
Middle price segment:
|
1. "Aqua Hold" - Bars septic tanks
at a price of 54,900 rubles.
2. "Topol-ECO" - treatment facilities Topas
at a price of 89,900 rubles.
"Topol-ECO" is engaged in the development and production of autonomous aeration-type treatment plants. The company was founded in 2002, the plant is located in the Moscow region, Lobnya.
The manufacturer's catalog includes both individual treatment facilities for private houses, as well as complex and specialized solutions - for a group of houses, villages and enterprises. There are also other goods made of plastic: cellars, decorative stones, contact tanks, galvanic baths etc.
The company produces VOCs, which make up 3 large groups:
- For private houses. Topbio - non-volatile septic tanks for installation in sandy soils. Topas and Topas-S are stations with two or one compressor, respectively. Topaero - treatment facilities with protection against increased volley discharge of wastewater.
- For businesses and communities. Topglobal - a set of equipment with reinforced concrete tanks for cleaning households. and industrial waste. Topaero-M - a set of VOCs with increased total productivity for the treatment of domestic wastewater. Topaero-M / E - an analogue of the previous version for any type of wastewater.
- specialized stations. Toplos-FL - for cleaning wastewater from organic matter. Cyclone - a system for post-treatment of domestic wastewater. Toplos-KM - LOS container type for households. drains. Toppolium is a separator of fats from effluents from public catering establishments. Toprain - installation for the treatment of storm drains.
The presented equipment covers a wide range of performance. The youngest models are designed for 4 people, the oldest - up to 200. The use of active forced aeration guarantees 98% of domestic wastewater treatment. Therefore, the company positions its SBOs as treatment facilities that do not require the call of a sewage truck.
In most cases, polypropylene sheets with a thickness of 8 to 20 mm are used as the main material. The rigidity of the structure is achieved by using internal partitions and lattice structures as stiffeners.
| Model* | Topas 4 | Topbio | Topaero 3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Operating conditions | For permanent use by a family of up to 4 people on a site with any groundwater level and type of soil. | For permanent or seasonal use by a family of 3-6 people on a site with sandy soil and low GWL. | Permanent use for a large family and guests - up to 15 people in total. Any ground conditions. |
| Short description | System with two compressors for aeration of drains and deep biological treatment. Effluent can be dumped into the ground or ditch. | Vertical 5-chamber non-volatile septic tank for which a filtration field is required. | Aeration system with the expectation of volley discharge of wastewater up to 1 m3. Effluent with up to 98% purification is odorless and can be dumped into a ditch. |
| Material | Polypropylene 12.5 mm for external walls, internal partitions 8 mm thick. | ||
| Size, L×W×H, mm | 950×970×2500 | 1600×1200×3000 | 2400×1200×2500 |
| Electricity consumption, W/h | 42-63 | — | 208 |
| Weight, kg | 215 | 400 | 605 |
| price, rub. | 89900 | 115900 | 218700 |
* you can choose a modification with a built-in pump for forced pumping of treated wastewater. Higher capacity models come with an extended throat for deep station installation when away from home, as well as heavy duty versions for difficult ground conditions.
Conclusion: the main part of Topol-Eco products, which can be used in a private house or on suburban area– volatile biological treatment plants. They are made according to the most advanced technology to date, which is why they are more expensive than conventional septic tanks with a filtration field. But you also need to take into account that such equipment requires qualified maintenance, does not tolerate a long power outage and is designed for continuous use.
3. "SBM-Group" - treatment facilities Unilos
at a price of 59,000 rubles.
The SBM-Group company produces Unilos stations, storm sewers, sewage pumping stations, plastic containers, fat separators. The plant has been operating since 2006 in the Moscow region, there is production in St. Petersburg, Novosibirsk, in 2015 a plant was opened in Kazakhstan.
Production technologies and assortment
The main emphasis is on autonomous sewage systems made of polypropylene, fiberglass and concrete. The stations are designed for household cleaning. and storm sewage. The performance of septic tanks, depending on the model chosen, can range from 0.6 to 10,000 cubic meters per day.
Septic tanks are represented by three product lines:
- Unilos biological treatment stations. This includes models of the Astra series and a modification with a service platform - Scarab, large-capacity systems for camps - Mega, container-type kits for rotational camps - Container.
- Septic tanks of low productivity for summer cottages. The line includes aeration stations of the Uni-Sep series of a hybrid type, a four-chamber non-volatile wastewater purifier Kedr and a three-chamber Unilos-OS.
- storage containers. Tanks made of polypropylene and reinforced fiberglass with sewage pumping by a sewage machine.
| Model | Unilos Astra 5* | Uni-Sep-1 | Cedar |
|---|---|---|---|
| Operating conditions | For a family of up to 5 people on a site with any soil conditions. | For permanent or seasonal residence of 5 people in conditions of periodic power outages. For any soil. | |
| Short description | Vertical station of deep biological treatment hoz.-byt. drains with gravity or forced drainage. The treated effluent is discharged into a ditch or soil. | Horizontal VOS with 2 maintenance hatches and 6 chambers for anaerobic and aerobic wastewater treatment. Discharge of purified water into a ditch or filter well. | Vertical non-volatile septic tank with 4 chambers for domestic wastewater treatment. Mandatory filter field device. |
| Material | Polypropylene. Side walls 15 mm thick, bottom - 20 mm. | Polypropylene 8 mm thick. | |
| Size, L×W×H or D×L, mm | 1030×1120×2000 | 1020×2000 | 1400×3000 |
| Electricity consumption, W/h | 60 | 71 | — |
| Weight, kg | 220 | 130 | 150 |
| price, rub. | 89500 | 72000 | 62400 |
*This is standard equipment. There are Midi modifications with a built-in SPS, a post-treatment and / or disinfection unit, as well as Long - with the same options, only of a greater height.
Unilos Astra 5 - the most popular model among those who live in a private house all year round. In the video below, they talk about the design of such a station and describe in detail the principle of its operation.
Conclusions: from the SBM-Group company under the Unilos brand, you can pick up the Astra aeration system, which is very similar in design to Topas from Topol-Eco. The choice among non-volatile septic tanks is limited to one model, but you can choose the storage capacity of the desired volume. Those. the manufacturer is more focused on consumers who permanently live in their own home.
4. "Elite Stroy Invest" - tank septic tanks
at a price of 34,900 rubles.
Elite Stroy Invest (formerly Triton Plastic) specializes in the production of plastic septic tanks, water and fuel tanks, caissons, swimming pools and a variety of products for summer cottages. The plant is located in the Moscow region, Mytishchi. Works since 2007. Delivery throughout the country through a dealer network is possible.
Production technologies and assortment
The catalog includes products for three types of drainage devices:
- storage containers. This includes containers made of polyethylene Triton-N with a volume of 1 to 3.5 m3;
- septic tank and. This includes the Microbe model (3-12 people) - a 2-chamber model for giving, as well as Triton-T (2-10 people), Tank and Tank Universal (1-25 people). These are 3-chamber tanks with the possibility of increasing the levels of wastewater treatment by adding additional blocks;
- bioremediation systems. Volatile VOC Biotank (4-10 people) and Eurobion (4-150 people) made of HDPE and polypropylene, respectively.
The main material for the manufacture of containers is HDPE. The thickness of the material is between 10 and 15 mm depending on the model and location. For example, it is greater for stiffeners, and less for straight lines or areas of small curvature.
The video below clearly demonstrates the production of models of the Tank line from HDPE. The plant is equipped with modern equipment, sheet plastic comes from Russian, Czech and German manufacturers.
| Model | Tank-2 | Microbe-450 | Biotank-3 itself* |
|---|---|---|---|
| Operating conditions | For a family of 3-4 people with permanent or seasonal operation. Works at low GWL, soil - sand, sandy loam, loam. | Model for seasonal use. Operation by 1-3 people in economy mode. For low GWL and filter soil. | Seasonal accommodation for up to 5 people. Low GWL, sandy or loamy soil. |
| Short description | Cast horizontal 3-chamber sump with developed stiffening ribs. It can be completed with an infiltrator** (analogous to the filtration field). Mandatory soil post-treatment of wastewater. | Compact vertical septic tank with 2 chambers. Provides minimal cleaning from heavy and light fractions. It is necessary to arrange a filtration field. You can also purchase an infiltrator. | Vertical 4-chamber septic tank with aeration section. Installed 1 compressor and simple automation. The degree of wastewater treatment is 95-98%, after the station they can be dumped into a roadside ditch. |
| Material | HDPE 10-15 mm thick | HDPE 10 mm thick | |
| Size, L×W×H or D×L, mm | 1800×1200×1700 | 810×1430 | 1020×2120 |
| Electricity consumption, W/h | — | — | 60 |
| Weight, kg | 130 | 35 | 100 |
| price, rub. | 50500 | 16500 | 42500 |
* This is a model with gravity drainage of treated wastewater. There is a modification with an installed pump for forced withdrawal. There is also a horizontal model.
** Infiltrator looks like upside down plastic bath, serves as the boundary of the treated effluent filtration area.
Conclusions: although this manufacturer has models different type, he is best known for his sedimentation tanks. The Tank series line is ideal for suburban conditions and, in certain cases, can be used for permanent residence. In production, HDPE with a thickness of 10-15 mm is used, which is not always enough to ensure structural rigidity when installed in complex soils.
5. "Multplast" - septic tanks Termit
at a price of 25,000 rubles.
The Multplast company specializes in the production of polyethylene and fiberglass products: septic tanks, caissons, wells, etc. This manufacturer is known for its Termit and Ergobox product lines. The plant has been operating since 2004 and is located in the Vologda region, Cherepovets. The company has its own warehouses in Moscow, St. Petersburg, as well as in Krasnodar Territory. They deliver throughout the Russian Federation thanks to a developed dealer network.
Production technologies and assortment
The equipment is represented by 2 main product lines:
- settling tanks. Produced under the brand name Thermite. Includes several modifications: Profi - 2- and 3-chamber septic tanks for summer cottages with low GWL; Transformer - the same as the Pro, but with one neck (more rigid construction); Transformer PR - modification with a pump for forced pumping of treated wastewater at high GWL. Also have accumulative models up to 5.5 cubic meters;
- biological treatment plants. Produced under the Ergobox brand. They are modifications of the Transformer (PR) models in which a compressor and aerators are installed.
All these products are made by rotational molding of Korean-made HDPE. It turns out a strong seamless construction with developed stiffeners. The wall thickness is 20 mm.
| Model | Termite Profi 3.0 | Ergobox 6S* |
|---|---|---|
| Operating conditions | For a family of up to 6 people with a low GWL, when the soil is sand, sandy loam, loam. | For a family of up to 6 people with low GW, because it is a gravity version. The type of soil doesn't matter. |
| Short description | 3-chamber horizontal settling tank for primary treatment under anaerobic conditions. It is obligatory to arrange a filtration field for the post-treatment of wastewater. | 3-chamber LOS in horizontal execution with the Japanese compressor and the German pump. Discharge of treated effluents into a ditch, onto a relief, into the ground. |
| Material | HDPE 20 mm thick | |
| Size, L×W×H or D×L, mm | 2300×1155×1905 | 2000×1000×2100 |
| Electricity consumption, W/h | — | 63 |
| Weight, kg | 165 | 137 |
| price, rub. | 52100 | 73700 |
* S - gravity. There is a PR modification with a pump for forced pumping of treated wastewater. It costs 6 thousand rubles. more expensive than the gravity version.
Video demonstrating the process of installing a septic tank Termit. From a short video, you will also learn about the diameter of the supply pipe, whether it can have 90-degree turns, how and where to drain the treated wastewater, etc.
Conclusions: it is easy to notice the similarity of products from "Multplast" with products of the Tank type. All the same pronounced stiffeners and simple design. Of particular interest may be versions with a compressor - a simple refinement gives the design special properties. However, it should be borne in mind that a small number of chambers can lead to a low quality of wastewater treatment and, as a result, the need for a field device or a filtration well for post-treatment.
6. "Eurolos" - cleaning systems Eurolos
at a price of 26,000 rubles.
The Evrolos company is relatively young, the plant has been operating in the Moscow region since 2015. It gained considerable popularity due to the release of high-quality plastic products: wastewater treatment systems, caissons, grease traps. Deliveries from the manufacturer are carried out from a warehouse in Moscow, throughout the country - through a developed dealer network.
Production technologies and assortment
Cleaning equipment is represented by 2 lines:
- for individual use. This is Eurolos Luck - a compact septic tank for seasonal use in the country; Eurolos Eco - 3-chamber sump; Eurolos Bio - VOC with pump and ejector; Eurolos Pro - aeration SBO. They are designed for a family of 3 to 20 people;
- for collective use. This is Eurolos Contus - a modular system for wastewater treatment. Productivity from 20 to 4000 cubic meters a day.
All containers are made of sheet polypropylene 8-10 mm thick. In the Biot model, oxygen is supplied not by a compressor, but by a combination of a pump + ejector. How it works is clearly shown in the video below.
We also recommend you see full review this cleaning station, which explains how the system works and the role of each of the nodes. We focus on the Bio model, because it is the most popular among Eurolos buyers.
| Model | Luck | Eco 1 | Bio 5 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Operating conditions | For a family of 2-3 people with seasonal living and economical use of water. GWL is low, the ground is sandy loam or sand. | For a family of 5 with permanent or seasonal use. GWL is low, good filtering ability of the soil. | For 5 people for permanent or seasonal residence. Any ground conditions. |
| Short description | Compact 2-chamber sump. Does not require digging a deep pit. A filtration field device is required. It is also recommended to use bacteria. | Horizontal 3-chamber settling tank with brush loading for breeding colonies anaerobic bacteria. The arrangement of soil after-treatment is required. | Vertical VOC from 3 chambers and a biofilter with effluent circulation throughout the circuit. Aeration due to the ejector and fountaining. Does not require soil post-treatment - runoff can be dumped onto the terrain or into a ditch. |
| Material | Sheet polypropylene 8-10 mm thick | ||
| Size, L×W×H or D×L, mm | 1500×1500×800 | 1000x2000 | 1400×2000 |
| Electricity consumption, W/h | — | — | 88 |
| Weight, kg | 69 | 84 | 165 |
| price, rub. | 26000 | 43000 | 71000 |
The kit does not include related structures for arranging a system for discharging treated effluents. The infiltrator will cost an additional 5,600 rubles, the well - from 21,000 rubles, submersible drainage pumps- from 2900 rubles.
Conclusions: in the assortment of the company "Eurolos" you will find solutions for the installation of a local treatment plant with seasonal and permanent residence of different productivity and degree of preparation of wastewater for discharge into external environment. It should be noted the affordable cost of the basic set of equipment, however, due to the small thickness of the walls of the tanks, we do not recommend the installation of such systems in difficult soils, where there is a possibility of squeezing the structure.
7. "Ecoprom" - septic tanks Rostock
at a price of 26,800 rubles.
Ecoprom has been producing goods from recycled polyethylene since 2008. The range includes water tanks, fuels and lubricants, septic tanks, grease traps, tanks for shower cabins, etc. Today, there are 3 plants in the Moscow and Leningrad regions.
Production technologies and assortment
2 product lines are designed for local sewerage:
- drives. Sealed containers Rostok U with a volume of 1250 to 3000 liters.
- settling tanks. These are 2-chamber septic tanks Rostock Mini, Country, Country, Cottage. With a volume of 1000 to 3000 liters - this is enough for a family of 2-6 people.
All containers are made from recycled materials, which makes them competitively priced. Tanks are made of HDPE by rotational molding. In this case, the wall thickness is 10-12 mm.
Watch a 2-minute video that clearly shows the device of the Rostock Dachny septic tank and describes the role of each element of the cleaning system.
| Model | Rostock Country | Rostock Zagorodny | Rostock Cottage |
|---|---|---|---|
| Operating conditions | For 2-3 people. | For 4-5 people. | For 5-6 people. |
| Seasonal residence, low GWL, soil - sand, sandy loam. | |||
| Short description | 2-chamber horizontal settler with developed stiffening ribs. A filtration field device is required. Volley discharge and the use of aggressive chemicals are unacceptable. | ||
| Material | HDPE 10-12 mm thick | ||
| Size, L×W×H or D×L, mm | 1680×1115×1840 | 2220×1305×2000 | 2360×1440×2085 |
| Electricity consumption, W/h | — | — | — |
| Weight, kg | 85 | 125 | 160 |
| price, rub. | 33800 | 49800 | 58800 |
The price does not include an infiltrator for the filtration field device. This is about 7000 rubles. a piece.
Conclusion: Are you looking for the simplest settling tanks for giving and their main quality for you is strength, tightness and affordable cost? Then you should consider buying a septic tank from Ecoprom. Especially if we are talking about a summer residence, and the site is located somewhere on the outskirts of the partnership. Because the quality of pre-cleaning, due to the presence of only two chambers, leaves much to be desired.
8. "NEP-center" - Eurobion cleaning systems
at a price of 84,000 rubles.
Since 1998, NEP-Center Group of Companies has been specializing in the production of local treatment facilities for low-rise buildings. The plant is located in the Moscow region, Kubinka. The enterprise has a powerful scientific and technical base for developments in the field of wastewater treatment and drinking water. Delivery across the Russian Federation through a dealer network.
Production technologies and assortment
All systems are equipped with active aeration of wastewater and are allocated to a common group - aeroseptics. Depending on the model, they are able to meet the needs of 4 to 100 people. According to the engineer-inventor of the company, Yu. O. Bobylev, NEP-center products are the result of the evolution of the VOC Topas line.
| Model | Eurobion-5 ART | Yubas 5 |
|---|---|---|
| Operating conditions | VOC for permanent use by a family of 5 people. Any ground conditions. | |
| Short description | 4-section vertical installation with a large receiving chamber capable of enduring a salvo discharge of up to 390 liters. Differs in economical power consumption. Treated effluents can be dumped onto the terrain. | Vertical station with deeper cleaning. Able to take salvo discharge up to 700 liters. Consumes more electricity. It has a complex automation system, which complicates repairs. Drains after the system are dumped onto the terrain. |
| Material | Sheet polypropylene 10 mm thick | |
| Size, L×W×H or D×L, mm | 1080×1080×2380 | |
| Electricity consumption, W/h | 39 | 60 |
| Weight, kg | 125 | 270 |
| price, rub. | 85000 | 138000 |
Station maintenance is an important stage in the operation of the system. From the video below you will learn not only how to maintain the VOC Eurobion 5, but also how the station is cleaned and what role each of its components plays.
Conclusions: treatment facilities from NEP-Center have a well-thought-out design in terms of wastewater treatment efficiency, but their maintenance requires highly qualified workers. Such systems are great for continuous operation, but at the same time their cost is higher than analogues.
9. TD "Engineering equipment" - septic tanks Tver
at a price of 67,900 rubles.
The company Trading House "Engineering Equipment" has been operating since 1992 and specializes in scientific research, production, construction and installation of equipment for wastewater treatment and pumping. In the assortment of the company LOS Tver, facilities for the treatment of stormwater Svir, grease traps, wastewater treatment plants for car washes, regions of the North. Production is carried out at 4 factories in the Russian Federation.
Production technologies and assortment
- for private houses. Biological treatment stations made of polypropylene of the Tver-P line are designed for 2-36 users, depending on the performance of the system;
- for residential complexes. Cleaning equipment in a metal or polymer case of high capacity for 30-1500 people.
- for shift camps. Container version Tver-S for 6-1000 people;
- in block-modular design. Modular designs Tver-BM with flexible adjustment of wastewater flow by varying the number of connected units;
- for landfills. Specialized Tver-MSW stations in container design for deep wastewater treatment of MSW landfills.
All models of treatment systems Tver are volatile installations for seasonal or permanent residence. Polypropylene 5 mm thick is used as the material for the walls of the containers. Rigidity of a design is provided with stiffening ribs and internal partitions.
* There are 7 more modifications of this station, for example, the model with the PN index has a pump compartment with a submersible pump for forced supply of treated wastewater.
The video below provides detailed information about the installation of a septic tank Tver-0.75 PN. A company representative at a real facility explains the structure of the system and the role of each of its elements. The maintenance of the station is described in detail. If you're thinking about buying this model, be sure to check it out!
Conclusions: TD " Engineering equipment» do not offer a large selection of systems for country houses. The guys just designed a model that works well and scaled it up. It turned out not the most compact water purification station at an average price. The main thing is that it works, right?
Editor's Choice
All the presented manufacturers are good, but we especially want to highlight the following:
- Aqua Hold. For septic tanks Leopard: a large selection of models of different types, the durable case of which is made of HDPE 25 mm thick. You can choose a treatment plant for any conditions. There are solutions for giving, for permanent residence, for low and high GWL, various types soil. Prices for products are average for the market.
- Elite Stroy Invest. For simple septic tanks Tank, which are ideal for giving - durable, reliable, at a price of 25,000 rubles.
- TD "Engineering Equipment". For biological treatment plants Tver. Unlike most VOCs, it not only copes with the task of treating wastewater, but is also easy to maintain - no need to call a specialist. This is possible due to easy access to each chamber of the station.
Frequently asked Questions
Here we have collected answers to current questions about septic tanks.
What material is the best septic tank?
Factory products for individual use are made of polymeric materials: polypropylene, low-pressure polyethylene (HDPE), fiberglass. They are relatively light, not subject to corrosion, strong, sealed and durable - all these materials are good.
The only question is to what extent their capabilities are implemented in a particular septic tank design. For example, there may be a container made of polypropylene, in which the seams are poorly welded, respectively, after some time it will leak.
The rigidity of the structure is influenced by the thickness of the material and the presence of structural elements: stiffeners and internal partitions. Therefore, if the design is unsuccessful or simply does not fit the specific operating conditions, the septic tank can be flattened or torn apart by soil. But the point here is not in the quality of the material from which it is made, but in the design itself.
I can not decide between a non-volatile septic tank and a biological treatment plant with aerators. What's better?
If for a summer residence, choose a non-volatile sump, provided that the groundwater level is below 1.5 meters, and the soil itself has good filtering abilities. For example, it is sand or sandy loam. Once a season, you will have to do dirty work and remove accumulated sludge from the bottom of the tank, but in general, this solution is the most cost-effective and convenient for seasonal living.
For private houses, it is better to buy a system that provides maximum cleanliness of wastewater at the outlet of the treatment plant. Here you can not do without a station with aerators. Of the benefits: the drains after it do not smell, they are cleaned so much that they can be drained into roadside ditches. However, this solution is more expensive, and automation and compressors require connection to the mains.
Summer cottage next to the forest, seasonal accommodation, four people. Recommend a septic.
If you need cheaper and easier, then consider the Termit Profi 2.0 option. It is very similar to the well-known Tank, but it costs only 39,000 rubles. Also, the manufacturer often has promotions - you can save several thousand.
The filtration field can be arranged next to the forest. There you will dump wastewater for further treatment. So you deliver a minimum of inconvenience to yourself and your neighbors.
There is a well at the dacha, from where water is used for food purposes. Which septic tank to choose?
Obviously, a treatment station is required here, after which sewage can be dumped into a roadside ditch. If there is no ditch, it can be lowered into the ground, provided that the discharge point should be 50 m from the well.
If the soil does not accept water, then in some cases it makes sense to think about installing a storage tank with the subsequent call of sewers.
Will drains freeze in winter? Do I need to insulate a septic tank?
If they are used constantly, they will definitely not freeze - a kind of bioreactor is constantly working inside, releasing heat. In extreme cases, you can insulate by pouring a layer of straw or leaves on top.
During seasonal operation, it is recommended to fill the tank by 2/3 with drains, additionally insulating from above. So the container will not float and will not be crushed by frozen soil. We recommend that you additionally read the instructions for a specific model, the manufacturer may have a different opinion on this matter.
What will happen to the volatile water treatment plant if the electricity goes out?
Typically, such systems are very sensitive to power outages. The compressor that pumps air stops working, and after 6 hours the amount of oxygen in the drains is significantly reduced. A struggle begins between aerobes and anaerobes. Drainage can begin to ferment due to anaerobes, so after turning on the electricity, normal operation occurs within a few days.
Is there a strong odor from the septic tank?
After a conventional sump, a strong characteristic sewer smell. It can be felt even near the filtration field, so they are equipped in the most remote place.
After systems with aeration, the water is cleaner and does not smell. Unless the operating mode of the station is violated: exceeding the permissible peak discharge, power outages, the use of aggressive detergents.
Installed a septic tank with a filtration field without connecting to the power supply. How to serve it?
Once every six months, it is necessary to open the container and check the amount of sediment. If it is more than 1/5 of the height of the container, you will have to remove it. Use a bucket or a fecal pump for this purpose.
Light fractions will accumulate on the surface of the effluents. If they form a thick hard layer more than 5 cm thick, it is also better to remove it in a timely manner, because later it can significantly complicate the cleaning of the tank.
The desire to arrange their life in the country with maximum comfort makes the owners of garden and garden plots look for the most suitable options solutions to ensure familiar comfortable living conditions.
Far from always country houses and dachas lie close to highways with the possibility of distributing heat, water, electricity and gas, including the possibility of discharging domestic wastewater. Therefore, one has to think about how to equip the sewerage system in a summer cottage, while maintaining the optimal ratio of costs and operating comfort.
Types of sewerage for a summer residence
AT this moment There are several ways to solve the problem of wastewater collection and disposal. These are both traditional, old-fashioned methods, as well as modern ones, which allow you to efficiently and safely process and remove human waste products.
The traditional options for arranging sewerage in a summer cottage can be fully attributed to the equipment of a cesspool. Its modern analogue is a storage tank, that is, a sealed vessel is buried in the ground, which is designed to accumulate domestic wastewater, which is subject to subsequent pumping.
But there are more modern ways not only accumulation, but also processing and disposal of wastewater. We are talking about septic tanks - devices whose main task is to process wastewater as fully as possible while maintaining the ability to reuse it. There are settling tanks, the work of which is based on the use of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, the phenomenon of gravity, lysis and other natural processes of decay of organic materials.
The most reliable models in terms of management and obtaining wastewater with high purity are modern local treatment plants equipped with electronic filling. However, even such sophisticated equipment has its drawbacks associated with restrictions on the volume of discharge and, of course, the high cost of installation and maintenance.
Choosing the optimal solution
In order to get a sewerage system that is convenient for use in the country, you need to choose the option that will most accurately meet the needs of the owners in a number of ways. Among them, the most important are the following:
- sufficient volume to process significant volley discharges or daily runoff. As a rule, the volume of any septic tank is calculated by triple the product of the number of users and the average daily water consumption for each. If we are talking about cesspools or storage tanks, then their volume is calculated based on the material possibilities of the owners to use the services of the sewage service;
- performance of septic tanks;
- container material. The most reliable and expensive is fiberglass. Follow him by consumer qualities comes plastic, then reinforced concrete structures and metal tanks;
- dependence on power supply;
- the level of permissible noise for septic tanks and odors for drives;
- soil and climatic conditions in the region;
- proximity to open water bodies and groundwater.
Since a dacha is a residential facility with a temporary stay of people, it makes no sense to order an expensive septic tank, which requires significant time and material costs for maintenance. In this case, the most successful option for country sewage will be the arrangement of the drive.
However, each of the owners is free to choose for himself the most acceptable way of diverting, accumulating and treating wastewater, and to make it easier to do this, we will consider the advantages and advantages of each of the simple and cheap sanitary facilities.
Sewerage for a summer residence: cesspool
This option, although simple in arrangement and maintenance, is not suitable for all situations. For example, if soils in a given region have a high throughput but low filtration capacity (as a rule, these are rocky porous soils), then there is a threat of pollution of subsoil and ground waters, open reservoirs, which leads to an aggravation of the sanitary and epidemiological situation in the region.
Besides, bad smell, accompanying the natural processes of fermentation of organic substances, is far from the best background for a pleasant pastime in the country. And warm summer days in addition, they multiply the strength of odors.
Another significant point: the cesspool is most often used only for arranging an outdoor toilet, but the problem of accumulating wastewater of a different origin in this case remains unresolved, because the estimated volume of daily discharges for this type of sanitary facility is about 1 cubic meter. meters of waste.
Accumulator as a variant of country sewerage
A more modern modification of the cesspool is the drive, which, according to the principle of operation, is no different from the above-mentioned object, but eliminates some of the significant shortcomings through the use of reliable modern materials.
In addition, a storage tank of sufficient volume is able to accumulate sewage not only from the toilet, but also from other internal waste collection facilities: sinks, toilet bowls, showers and bathtubs.
- As budget way sewerage arrangements for summer cottages consider metal tanks, but it should be remembered that even with careful anti-corrosion treatment of surfaces, metal tends to corrode, which reduces the life of the equipment.
- Brick is used to line the walls of the cesspool, which increases the tightness, especially if modern sealants or liquid glass are included in the processing of the seams.
- Concrete rings are the most successful way of arranging a sewerage system in a summer cottage, which is quite simple to install and, with careful sealing of the seams, is quite capable of meeting the required requirements. sanitary standards. However, concrete rings, like brickwork, are very sensitive to soil movements, in which horizontal shifts appear and the tightness of the joints is easily broken.
- as more expensive option you can take a container made of modern polymeric materials. Such equipment has a high mechanical strength and able to withstand relatively large temperature differences. However, plastic tanks are shown for arranging sewerage in a summer cottage far from everywhere: for example, in conditions with significant freezing of the soil, the use of polymers will be problematic.
- The most reliable option will be a fiberglass container that will last for decades, and at the same time the consumer will not experience problems associated with seasonal temperature fluctuations, soil movements, the destructive ability of rodent teeth and other negative phenomena. In addition, fiberglass has high mechanical strength and resistance to aggressive environments. Service life reaches 50 years.
Whatever models and materials are chosen, it should be remembered that the arrangement of the drainage system must be carried out with the obligatory observance of sanitary standards: their violation threatens with troubles, the least of which are penalties.
Sewerage for giving: arrangement in compliance with sanitary and hygienic requirements
In order to comply with sanitary standards and requirements, before installing a drainage system in a summer cottage, a number of site parameters should be analyzed, among which the most important are the following:
- type and condition of soils;
- landscape conditions, height difference;
- the proximity of water bodies;
- groundwater level height;
- direction of movement of groundwater;
- orientation relative to neighboring areas;
- availability of highways.
In order to make it easier and safer to equip the sewer in the country, you should draw up a plan of the area, which will indicate all of the above points, and choose a location for the sanitary facility in accordance with the following standards regarding distances to various objects and borders:
- neighboring residential buildings should be at least 10 meters;
- own residential buildings - at least 8 m;
- the boundaries of your summer cottage - at least 1.5 m;
- the boundaries of someone else's summer cottage - 4 m;
- water intakes - at least 20 m;
- groundwater - at least 25 m;
- gas communications - 5 m;
- trees - 3 m;
- waterworks and pipes - at least 25 m.
Moreover, these indicators may vary depending on the type of underlying soils and soils. So, for example, the less dense the soil (sand, loam) in a given area, the further from water intakes, water pipes and groundwater the structure should be located - up to 50 meters. And one more important point, often overlooked: it is not allowed to arrange a country sewerage system for groundwater flow, and it must lie below wells and other water intakes.
There are also special requirements for a sewer pipe, which is laid at a level below the freezing point of the soil, optimally - no higher than 1.20 m. Its diameter should not be less than 10 cm, and the entrance to the pit or drive should be flexible and soft.
In addition, when laying sewer pipes, an inclination angle of at least 3% should be observed, and it is advisable to make the bottom of the cesspool or tank with a slope in the direction of the viewing window, which is used to pump out sewage.
Natural chemical reactions occurring in a pit or tank, lead to the release of gases, the removal of which should also be taken care of by equipping a ventilation pipe.
There are also requirements for the depth of the cesspool: this parameter should not exceed 3 meters. This circumstance is related to technical parameters cesspool attributes: the suction hose has maximum length for the fence of sewage 3 meters.
That is, when the depth is exceeded, a certain percentage of silt will always remain at the bottom, which does not meet sanitary requirements. When laying the structure, it is necessary to provide for a free access for a sewage disposal vehicle to the facility.
Rules for the maintenance of cesspools and storage tanks
Sewerage in the country is quite simple to maintain. For any such sanitary facility exist established rules and norms of routine maintenance, and to a greater extent they relate to cesspools, for which a period of regular cleaning is set - at least once every six months. However, if the daily water consumption exceeds 150 liters per resident, then the services of sewers may be needed much more often - up to 2 times a month.
If we are talking about the use of sealed structures, especially plastic or fiberglass tanks, then the frequency of sludge pumping is determined by the level of filling the tank.
A modern person, getting out to the dacha to take a break from the bustle of the city, enjoy the singing of birds, inhale the heady aroma of flowers and mowed grass, still wants to be able to wash vegetables and fruits collected in the garden and in the garden with tap water, wash clothes in a washing machine and surrender philosophical reflections on a comfortable toilet, not in a windswept booth. And in order for all these urban amenities to become available, a country sewerage system is needed.
Sewerage in the country is no longer a luxury, but a vital engineering system. What should she be? First of all, it is convenient and easy to use, environmentally friendly - so that untreated sewage does not enter the site and does not pollute the soil and water in the well, if any.
The sewer systems currently in use can be divided into 3 main types: accumulators, septic tanks and treatment plants for deep biological treatment. To do right choice sewers in the country, you need to figure out what they are.
A storage tank is a sealed container in which sewer drains, as it is filled, sewage is pumped out using a specialized machine. The most ancient sewage system can also be attributed to the storage treatment system: a hole was dug in the ground, a toilet was installed on top, as the hole filled, its contents were raked out (mainly late autumn) and piled in a pile with manure from livestock, where the whole thing burned out until spring and organic fertilizer was obtained.
The cesspool is the last century and hardly anyone wants to use it in their country house. A modern device for collecting and storing sewage is a storage tank made of polypropylene or fiberglass (durable materials that do not lose their tightness over time, because they are not affected by corrosion and putrefactive bacteria), some manufacturers give a guarantee on their containers up to 50 years.
Much less often use concrete or metal drives. The minus of the first is the high complexity of the installation and the enormous weight, while the latter rust over time.
The advantage of a country sewerage system in the form of a storage tank is that it is completely autonomous - it does not need to be connected to electricity (like more expensive systems), it does not allow sewage to pollute the land, it weighs little, so installation does not present any particular problems, in addition, the prices for storage tanks quite accessible to the summer resident.
The disadvantages of this design include the fact that the period of its use is limited (until it is full), it needs regular pumping, and these are additional maintenance costs and the advantage light weight has a second side - deformation of the drive, especially empty, under the influence of soil heaving forces is possible.
The drive is installed in the ground in several ways, for example, by anchoring it to a concrete slab or by filling it with a cement-sand mixture. The first option is when the bottom is poured with concrete in the pit and a drive is attached to it, or a ready-made concrete slab (weighing about 2 tons) is brought, installed in the ground, and a container is placed on it.
The plate not only prevents the storage tank from being squeezed out of the ground, but also fixes it so firmly that soil movements do not lead to deformation of the drain pipe and, accordingly, a violation of the sealing of the sewer network.
Cement-sand mortar is poured into the storage tank only on light and dry sandy soils, the mixture hardens under the influence of moisture and seals it like a shell. On heavy clay soils with a high level of groundwater, this method cannot be used - it is inefficient.
The cost of installing a drive depends on the complexity of the work and, most often, is equal to the price of the capacity itself. This type of sewerage in the country is quite in demand.
Septic tank with filtration field
The sewerage in the country house of the second type is septic tanks, to which filtration fields are attached. The septic tank is the same plastic container, like a drive, only inside it is divided into sections (from 1 to 3, depending on the complexity and cost of the system).
The cleaning process is based on the method of mechanical filtration: wastewater enters the first section through a pipe, where it settles, and as it is filled, the already settled liquid is poured into the adjacent tank through the connecting hole, where it settles again and, when filled to a certain level, is poured into the last chamber, from which is practically pure water enters the drainage pipes located in the ground on a sand and gravel pad - in the filtration field (if there are fewer chambers, then the settling process is reduced).
Anaerobic bacteria partially decompose organic sediment, so the septic tank is cleaned no more than once every 1-2 years (depending on the intensity of use).
In order for the sewerage system to cope with the processing of wastewater, the septic tank must have a certain volume. You can roughly calculate it this way: for a family of 2 people, a capacity of 1.5 cubic meters is enough, for 3-4 people you need a septic tank already 2 cubic meters in size. This is the case when the cottage is not equipped with modern household appliances: washing machines and dishwashers. If available, a multiplying factor from 1.5 to 2 is applied.
You also need to take into account not only the number of people permanently residing in the country, but also possible guests. With a significant increase in the discharge of sewage waste, the septic tank may not be able to cope with their filtration and an almost untreated liquid will enter the drainage pipes, which will subsequently be absorbed into the soil, poisoning it. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a margin of its power by 15-20%.
Unfortunately, with all the advantages of septic tanks, and there are many of them, on a small garden plot, 6 acres in size, you will have to install a smaller country sewerage system (a storage tank or a deep cleaning system), since when using a septic tank, you will need space for a container that is buried in the ground, the filtration field will also take up a certain part of the land (and nothing can be planted on it), and besides, if there is a well with drinking water, then according to sanitary standards it is impossible to place a sewer system next to it - no closer than 20 m.
For efficient year-round operation of the septic tank, it is installed below the freezing depth of the soil, and so that it is not squeezed out to the surface, it is fixed on a concrete slab with metal cables. The septic tank is mounted at a safe distance from other communication networks, but as close as possible to the place where the sewerage exits from the house. Drainage pipes are also laid in the thickness of the soil.
Products on the market a large number manufacturers in different price categories, so choosing a septic tank is not difficult.
Advantages of septic tanks: durability and low cost of operation, and they will cost much less than deep biological wastewater treatment systems. But on heavy clay soils with high groundwater in cold climates, the natural filtration process is very slow, so the filtration fields no longer work efficiently, and installing a septic tank is not the best option.
Increasing productivity
To increase the performance of the septic tank and improve the quality of wastewater treatment will allow the use of bacteriological additives. Over time, fat fractions, organics settle on the pipes, on the walls of the tank, the clearance in the pipes becomes smaller, the passage of wastewater slows down, and the system performance decreases.
If special bacteria are settled in the sewer, they will process organic matter, its amount will decrease significantly, and the permeability of even non-new pipes will remain at a high level, in addition, the unpleasant smell will disappear.
Here are just a few bacteria for septic tanks that can survive in wastewater, where there are modern detergents(washing powder, bleach, dishwashing liquid), the colony will quickly die and you will have to buy supplements again. But if you use gentle detergents, or buy bacteria that can survive in a very aggressive environment, then you only need a couple of packs of the product (first, pour the contents of one package into the septic tank, and after six months add another pack).
Microorganisms will work for your benefit, processing organic matter that accumulates in containers, and if you have to pump out the sediment, it is very rare. Bacteria are absolutely eco-friendly and do not harm the environment.
Sewerage for a summer residence is an urgent issue for many summer residents who are trying to solve it on their own. But it is better to involve professionals in solving this problem - it will turn out both more efficiently and cheaper.
Deep biological treatment systems
And, finally, the last most modern and efficient type of sewage is volatile aeration systems of deep biological treatment. These complex plants use both anaerobic (without oxygen) and aerobic (with the participation of oxygen) methods of sewage treatment. It should be noted right away that they consume the minimum amount of electricity (on average, no more than 3 kW per day).
In some holiday villages there are power outages, and people are afraid to install such systems, because they are energy-dependent, but even in the absence of electricity, wastewater treatment continues in them, only the process slows down significantly and goes into settling mode.
Electricity is needed in order for the compressors that pump air into the system to work; under the influence of oxygen, intensive oxidation of wastewater occurs. Getting into the first chamber, sewage flows undergo mechanical and biological treatment. After the first phase of purification, the liquid enters the aerotank, in which the organic matter decomposes under the action of activated sludge.
Almost pure water mixed with activated sludge passes into the second chamber, where, under the influence of gravity, activated sludge precipitates (it accumulates in the stabilizer, from where it is subsequently removed, by the way, it does not have an unpleasant odor and can be used on the site as a fertilizer) , and purified water goes beyond the installation into the ground. The choice of a place for sewerage in the country can be anything, although, of course, it is best if it is located closer to the house and the drain pipe.
Such a system has many advantages: compact dimensions, no filtration fields, so there is nothing difficult to install, the body is made of strong and durable plastic, can be used in any climatic conditions(even in very cold climates). It functions effectively on any soil and even a high level of groundwater is not a hindrance to it.
The biological treatment plant is very easy to operate and although it requires regular Maintenance in order to pump out excess sludge and flush the system, even the owner himself can cope with this task, guided by the instructions, but it is still better to conclude an agreement with a specialized company and entrust this matter to professionals. This sewer system There is only one drawback - the high price.
The range of local treatment facilities for deep biological treatment is quite extensive, among them: Eurolos, Yunilos, Topas, Biopurit, Eco-Grand ...
Sewerage in the country is now being installed by many, because everyone wants amenities and comfort. Depending on the specific conditions, the most efficient cleaning system is selected, and, of course, specialists will help to make this choice, and they will also calculate the required capacity of the installation.
Call, managers of LLC "MosKomplekt" will advise you on all issues related to the installation of local treatment facilities in the country. Our employees will install the necessary equipment in the shortest possible time and with a guarantee, and your life in the country will not differ in comfort from the city. We offer you comfort at the lowest price!
How much does a sewer installation cost? Without knowing the design features of the house and the relief of the site, the structure of the soil, the level of groundwater, it is impossible to name the exact cost. Order a visit from our specialist, and he will accurately calculate the full cost estimate for all types of work and offer the best solution.
A house with a plot outside the city, where you can get away from the bustle and dust of the city, has become today not only a sign of prosperity, but also a practical necessity. Someone here breathes freely fresh air and finds rest after the everyday bustle of the city, someone is engaged in gardening and gardening, but literally everyone is faced with one problem, the solution of which depends on the comfort of living in the country.
What has become an almost obligatory attribute of civilized life in the city is often completely absent in country conditions. This is a sewer, without which other self-evident amenities are impossible. Therefore, having become the owner of a suburban area, a newly-made summer resident most often thinks about the speedy creation of urban amenities for everyone, and especially sewage for a summer residence. Moreover, if earlier many were content with primitive houses with cesspool, hidden in a secluded corner of the garden, today you can’t do without more advanced, and most importantly, durable and safe structures.
Components of country sewerage
However, if a city dweller thinks little about arranging a sewer network outside his apartment, then when arranging sewerage in a country house, one has to deal not only with plumbing fixtures and internal communications, but also remember all constituent parts systems:
- O plumbing fixtures, risers and pipes inside the building that make up the system internal sewerage;
- About the pipe system located outside the house;
- About the places of settling or purification of all those leaving the house and collecting wastewater from the site.
And if the internal system is similar to the one in the apartments, then the remaining two parts of the country sewage system are significantly different from the components of the central city and can be implemented using different methods.
Sewerage scheme in the country
Therefore, before proceeding with the creation of a sewerage system in the country with your own hands, it is necessary to determine the requirements for the system and on their basis and develop a diagram of its main objects. The decisive factors here are the location of the house, the wishes of the owner of the site and the list of sanitary equipment used.
It is optimal if all the equipment that needs to be drained is tied to one common pipe that directs the waste to a special place where the drains will either be simply collected or settled and cleaned.
If wastewater flows through different pipes, for example, from different buildings or rainwater collection channels are connected to the system, then the maintenance of such sewerage can become more complicated, and sometimes require the arrangement of several containers to dispose of the drain.
In areas where negative temperatures prevail in winter, this feature must also be taken into account, which affects not only the comfortable use of sewerage in the country at any time of the year, but also the safety of pipes lying under the ground and leaving the house. If it is planned to create a simple sewage system using a cesspool at the site, then the occurrence of groundwater should not be lower than two meters, that is, the depth of the pit itself.
Internal sewerage system for a summer residence
The internal wiring of pipes in a country house is planned based on the needs of the residents and the equipment available, and the sewer pipe is removed through outer wall buildings or foundations below floor level. At the same time, it is important to provide for a sufficient slope of the pipe, in which the drain inside the house is guaranteed to be higher than the level of wastewater in the cesspool or septic tank.
External sewerage pipe system
The outdoor system is a network of pipes that transport wastewater from a collection point, whether it is in-house equipment, drainage channels or rainwater wells, to a place for waste treatment or storage. Today, traditional cast-iron pipes or more are used for these purposes. modern products from plastic. Cast iron pipes require careful sealing, and the joints in this case are treated with a resin composition and cement mortar. Plastic pipes do not require the production of such work.
When making sewerage in the country, it is important to ensure that the slope of the sewer pipes is such that sewage can drain by gravity to a cesspool or septic tank. As a rule, such an angle of inclination of the pipe is not less than two centimeters for every meter of pipe laid in the trench. The depth of the trench is at least a meter, and the width, in order to make the work convenient, is at least half a meter.
At the same time, all pipes that fall into the soil freezing zone must be insulated with mineral wool, heat-insulating sleeves or foamed polymer material, expanded clay or foam. As a rule, all areas located above 30 cm from the soil level, as well as leads from the house, are subject to insulation.
Near the exit point of the sewer pipe, it is equipped and ventilation duct, preventing the spread of unpleasant odors in the local area.
Waste outlet
If a centralized sewer network is laid outside the site, then the summer resident should only organize the delivery of waste to a common pipe. You don't have to accumulate or clean them up.
If there is no centralized sewer nearby, then all the problems fall on the shoulders of the owner of the site, and only he will have to take care of the disposal of wastewater. And for this you need to decide which design to choose: the simplest cesspool storage pit or a modern, but more expensive one.
Sewerage in the old tradition
What could be easier than a cesspool?
This is probably the cheapest and easiest way to collect sewage waste. The design of the pit is simple, which allows you to build it without the help of specialists. However, before proceeding to earthworks, you will need to know the required volume of the structure. This can be done based on the average volume per inhabitant of the house, which is from 0.5 to 0.7 cubic meters of liquid.
When the volume is known, you can proceed to determine the location of the future waste collector. And since sewage is not a very pleasant and useful neighborhood, they dig a hole taking into account the following rules:
- The minimum depth of the pit should not be less than two meters, which means that groundwater should not come closer to the soil surface even during the spring snowmelt;
- The minimum distance from buildings is also determined - a distance of 5 meters is considered comfortable and safe;
- If the owners of the site use a water source located here, then the waste storage place should not be closer than 30 meters from the well or well;
- The presence of a cesspool implies the presence of a free entrance for a car that picks up accumulated waste;
- If the site is located on rough terrain, then the cesspool will be organized exclusively in the lowland.
The cesspool itself can be made of concrete rings or tires, lined with bricks or blocks, while waterproofing the joints and the bottom to prevent the penetration of contaminated water into the soil.
The sewerage is equipped with a ventilation riser, and the hatch covering the pit must be designed in such a way that pumping out waste is not a problem. Sewerage for giving short-term residence can do without a stationary pit for drains. If the site is intended for infrequent visits, then it is enough to place an airtight container up to 2 cubic meters in the pit and bring a sewer pipe from the house to it.
With the cheapness and simplicity of organizing such a country sewage system, in addition to the unpleasant odor hovering over the place of storage of wastewater, there is another significant drawback. This is the need to regularly call special services involved in cleaning cesspools. Which is not always possible in remote areas or results in a large amount.
Septic tank - modern sewerage for summer cottages
The use of a septic tank, a more modern, and most importantly, effective device, makes it possible to create sewage in the country without pumping. water is purified and discharged directly into the ground. Of course, a vacuum truck may be required to flush the tank, but this service will be needed only in exceptional cases. Sewerage of this type consists of a septic tank, where drains are settled and cleaned, and a drainage system.
A septic tank is a multi-chamber tank, flowing through which the effluents are gradually divided into liquid and solid fractions and thus cleaned. Microbiological decomposition of waste can also take place here.
The easiest way for sewerage in the country is to purchase a branded septic tank and install the structure, according to the manufacturer's recommendations. However, everything can be done with my own hands. In the pit, several sealed chambers are equipped, connected by pipes for overflowing wastewater.
The waste entering the septic tank is cleaned by 50 - 70%, and then they go into the filter well or are brought to the filtration field.
The design of the filter well is similar to the cesspool, except for the bottom. Instead, under construction voluminous pillow from sand and gravel, allowing to carry out additional filtration water when it enters the fertile soil.
In practice, filtration fields represent a platform with perforated pipes laid in the soil, through which the purified moisture seeps into the soil in small portions.
Treatment stations allow to increase the efficiency of wastewater treatment to almost 99%. Today, this solution makes it possible to use wastewater even for irrigation and create the highest quality and efficient sewerage in the country. The final cleaning is due to the work of microorganisms that do not allow the waste to rot, which means that there is no unpleasant odor.
Treatment stations are sewage in a country house without pumping out sewage, the water coming out of it is devoid of a repulsive odor and is completely harmless to humans and the environment, it can be used both for irrigation and for filling a reservoir on the site.
The only drawback of the design is its considerable price, which more than pays off with comfortable use, the absence of problems with cleaning storage containers and smell.
Video: about sewerage
If water is supplied to the house at the dacha, then, of course, you need to think through the sewerage. You will not endure sewage in buckets. But since country houses are usually used only periodically, in spring and summer or on weekends, then the owners are not interested in installing ultra-modern types of sewage, for example, biological treatment plants, etc. They are interested in the simplest options with simple installation and minimum costs. The main thing is that the sewage system is reliable, excludes the penetration of effluents into fertile land and did not require much maintenance. We will figure out in what ways you can install the simplest sewage system in your country house.
Before you start construction works, decide how you intend to discharge wastewater from the bathroom, kitchen and toilet - to one place or to different ones. The type of container into which the drains will flow will depend on this. If approached rationally, then the option of separate containers is more beneficial for the owners, because water from the kitchen, washing machine, shower, etc. can be released through a cesspool without a bottom into the ground. They do not pose a danger to the soil, because the bacteria have time to process the trapped effluents of washing powders, shampoos, etc.
Another thing - drains with feces. They should not be allowed into the ground, because you will create a lot of problems for yourself: you will violate the ecology of the earth, spoil the soil in the garden, and the worst thing is that these sewage will calmly fall into the groundwater and return with them back to the house as drinking water. For drains from the toilet, it is necessary to create an airtight cesspool or septic tank. In any case, it is not profitable for you if all the drains from the house flow into this pit, because the tank will fill up quickly, and you will often have to call a sewage truck or pump it out yourself with a special fecal pump and take it out for recycling.
Important! If the main source of drinking water in the country is your own well, then it is forbidden to install any sewer without a bottom!
Sewage for drains from the kitchen and washbasin
The simplest option for local sewage is for drains from the kitchen and washbasin. It is usually mounted if the toilet is made on the street, or the owners have installed a dry closet.
Since household drains are not considered harmful, it is enough to bring them out through the pipe system to the street, where a container without a bottom with filter material will be buried. Let's see how this can be done.
Option 1 - from a plastic can
If you live in the country only in the warm season, then the easiest way is to install a sewer from a plastic can and plastic pipes.
From the materials you will need an unnecessary old can with a lid with a volume of 45-50 liters, ordinary plastic sewer pipes with Ø50 mm and accessories for them (a pair of elbows, seals, etc.)
Let's consider how to make such sewerage in the country house step by step:
- Pick up a place on the street where you will dig in a can so that the distance from it to the point where the sewer pipe exits the foundation is no more than 4 m.
- Dig a hole a meter deep so that a can can fit freely there, and dig a ditch half a meter deep from it to the foundation.
- Fill the bottom of the hole with layers of sand and expanded clay.
- Drill holes at least 1 cm in diameter on the bottom and walls of the can (the more, the better).
- In the place where the neck of the can ends, drill a hole for the entrance where the pipe will be inserted (exactly in diameter!).
- Place the finished can in the hole.
- P lay the pipes around the house so that the sewer starts under the washbasin, with the top of the riser located at a height of 40 cm from the floor. This is necessary to create a pipe slope of 4% for normal water flow.
- Fix the riser to the wall behind the washbasin with a clamp.
- When leading pipes through the foundation, it is best to drill a hole about 20 cm below ground level. Then in winter the pipes will not freeze if water stagnates in them.
- Make sure that the pipe at the exit from the house is higher than at the entrance to the can. So you will avoid stagnation of water in the pipes.
- If cutting a hole in the subfield does not work, you can make it above ground level. But it will be necessary to wrap the pipe (from the foundation to the entrance to the can) with heat-insulating material to protect it from frost.
- Etc Check the created sewer for the quality of the water stack and the absence of leaks. To do this, turn on the water in the house and let it flow for a couple of minutes, while you yourself inspect all the knees at this time and make sure that the water has reached the can.
- If everything is in order, you can fill up the trench with the pipe. First, throw in 15 cm of sand, and then fill in the usual soil. Level the surface with a rake.
- A perforated can is filled up to the neck with gravel, expanded clay or river sand.
- Car tires are placed on top of the filter material. The exact number depends on the depth of the hole. They can fit 2-3. Be guided so that the last tire peeks out of the soil by about half.
- Fill the voids between them and the ground with soil and compact.
- Close the can with a lid, and place a sheet of tin, slate or a wooden shield on the top cover.
Option 2 - from car tires
The sewerage from automobile tires is mounted in exactly the same way, only the hole is dug a little deeper (about 2 meters) and instead of a can, they are laid from the bottom to the top of the tire. The sewer pipe cuts at the level of the second tire from the top.
The pipe crashes into the second from the top car tire without sealing the inlet, because the septic tank itself is also created unsealed
Note! To use such a sewer all year round, it is necessary to deepen a trench for the external outlet of pipes by about a meter and pack them in some kind of insulation.
Sealed cesspool from a finished container
For fecal sewage in the country, they create the most airtight sewerage device, because the health of the inhabitants of this area depends primarily on this. The easiest way is to find a large capacity. They are sometimes written off by chemical processing plants. However, a barrel from fuel and lubricants, a milk tanker or a car that says “ Live fish". If you cannot find such containers, you can buy a ready-made plastic sewer well.
If you did not purchase a ready-made plastic container, but used an old one from fuel and lubricants, be sure to treat it on the outside with bituminous mastic to improve waterproofing
Advice! It is best to select a barrel with a volume of 3 cubes, since the sewage machine will be able to pump it out at a time.
Choosing a place for a container
Fecal sewerage should not be located near the cottage itself. The smallest distance from the house is 9 meters, and from a well or well - 30 meters. It is more profitable to install it near the edge of the site, so that it is easier for transport to pump out without driving around the entire territory of the dacha.
It is advisable to position the sewer hatch so that it is easy for the sewer machine to reach it along the path on the site, or to be located immediately near the entrance
Digging a pit
Digging a hole for a barrel by hand is quite difficult, especially if the groundwater is high. Then the water will arrive faster than you dig. Order an excavator for these purposes. The size of the pit should be such that the barrel fits freely, and only the inlet of the hatch remains on the surface of the earth. At the same time, a slight slope towards the hatch is necessarily made at the bottom in order to particulate matter settled on this side. Then it is easier for the hose of the sewer machine to grab them.
Together with the pit, they dig a trench for laying external sewer pipes. Be sure to dig a trench so that there are no bends, because feces can get stuck in the places of turns and form traffic jams. If it does not work without turns, then the bending angle should not be more than 45˚.
Tank installation
They lower the barrel into the pit with the help of a crane, and if there is none, they call on the help of familiar men and, like barge haulers on the Volga, tighten it with ropes. The hole for the sewer pipe to enter can be cut at the top until the barrel is tightened, or after it is installed in the pit.
The container is not installed directly in the pit, but with a slight slope towards the hatch, so that it is easier to pump solid particles from the bottom
Note. If you put not a septic tank, but some kind of barrel, then it must be coated on the outside with bituminous mastic or any other compound that is usually used to treat the bottom of cars.
Pipe laying
From the tank, they begin to lay pipes to the house, maintaining a slope of 4˚, and then they perform internal sewer wiring. When the outer pipes are mounted, the trench is filled up. The voids around the container are filled with soil, ramming it. A reinforced concrete slab is placed on top, which will prevent the barrel from being pushed out of the frozen soil in winter. A concrete blind area is poured around the upper opening of the container and a sewer hatch is installed in it.
The entire cesspool is hidden underground, and only the lid remains on the surface. manhole, through which wastewater will be pumped
A more complicated option - a septic tank device
When a local sewerage system for a summer residence is created, do not be too lazy to make a street toilet with your own hands. If you have large companies in the summer, then it is better to send them there as needed, thereby saving on capacity resources.