The device of a simple sewage system in a private house. What you need to know when installing sewerage in a private house

When building a private house or overhaul apartment necessarily raises a question related to the arrangement sewer system. Of course, there are also additional problems, for example, the choice suitable material and the creation of a quality project.

Highly important parameter in this case, it is the diameter of the sewer pipe for a private house, on which the functionality of the system will directly depend. In addition, it will be necessary to accurately calculate the slope of the pipelines, the number of pipes, bends and turns, as well as figure out how the pipes will be connected to each other. How to choose the diameter of the sewer pipe for a private house, and will be discussed in this article.

Classification of sewer pipes by diameter

There are some standard pipe diameters that are used when installing sewers. So, pipes with a diameter of 100-110 mm are used for the general sewerage outlet, and internal networks are created from 50 mm pipes.

Since the common outlet channel of the system is usually mounted through the toilet, this difference in diameters can be explained by two factors:

it is in the toilet that a large amount of water is drained at a time;
the toilet is the only one plumbing device, which has to pass large fractions of waste that can clog pipes of smaller diameter.

Of course, you can always say: a large amount of water also leaves the bathroom, but the pipes used for it are not thick. This fact is explained very easily: the throughput of any sewer pipe depends on the smallest diameter found in the structure. Such a “bottleneck” in the case of a bathroom is its own outlet, so there is simply no point in installing large diameter pipes.

There is another controversial situation: suppose that there is a bidet near the toilet. It turns out that the diameter of the sewer pipe in a private house in this case should reach 200 mm. Such a decision could be justified, but here, too, there are nuances. Firstly, the throughput of a pipe, depending on its diameter, does not change in arithmetic, but in a geometric progression. So, if we compare 100 mm and 200 mm pipes, then the patency of the second will be four times higher than that of the first.

The second nuance is that a large sewage capacity is necessary if all plumbing fixtures are drained at the same time, and the volume of liquid should be maximum. Of course, this situation rarely occurs, so the diameter of the sewer pipe for a private house can be quite small.

In addition, you also need to understand how the sewer system works at the time of flushing. When it is carried out, not only water, but also a certain amount of air enters the system. If the diameter of the sewer in a private house is large, then there will be no problems, but in a pipe that is too narrow, excessive pressure may arise, since there will be very little space for air. As a result, internal pressure will force this air out, breaking through the plumbing water seals. If you're lucky, then only a characteristic sewer smell will enter the room, which will be problematic to get rid of. It will be much worse if drains begin to return to the living quarters - the reduction of comfort in the house will be guaranteed to be reduced to zero.

All methods for calculating the diameter of pipes are displayed in the regulatory document SNiP 2.04.01-85. It is rather difficult to calculate the diameter of a sewer pipe, since it is necessary to take into account both the slope indicator, which displays the location of the pipeline sections, and the angle of connection of the outlet pipes with the riser, and many other factors. SNiP also makes it possible to calculate what capacity a pipe of a certain diameter will have.

To do this, you need to rely on the following recommendations, which were derived in practice:

When arranging a sewer system with a standard load, it is enough to use pipes with maximum diameter not exceeding 100 mm. Of course, this option is only suitable if the amount of plumbing in the house is not too large.
Plumbing, from which it is necessary to remove only water and small particles dirt, can be connected to the sewer through 50 mm pipes.
It must always be remembered that during operation, pipes can become silted and clogged. Especially it concerns metal products, the inner walls of which are highly susceptible to such influence.
For multi-storey buildings with a number of floors up to 5, risers with a diameter of 100 mm can be used, but houses with a higher number of floors must be equipped with 150 mm pipes.
The connection of several vertical risers with their subsequent output into one horizontal network must be equipped with pipes with a diameter of up to 200 mm, since the load on the structure in this case will be quite high.
Plastic pipes are practically not subject to internal clogging, so they are much best solution when choosing a material for arranging sewerage. Choosing between metal and plastic products, preference should be given to the second option. This factor allows you to change cast iron pipes one diameter on plastic ones, the diameter of which will be one step smaller.

Of course, there are other pipe diameters: construction stores today offer a wide range of materials of the most different sizes. The problem is that it will be difficult to find fittings corresponding to such pipes, so it is better to bypass such elements. The only exception is pipes with a diameter of 200 mm or more, i.e. sewer pipes of large diameter: they are used in rare cases, for example, for arranging an outlet channel sewer well, and there is simply nothing to replace them with.

Choosing the diameter of pipes for sewerage of a private house

When choosing pipes for sewerage, you need to constantly check with the system diagram so that the selected option can provide maximum functionality, and know what diameters are sewer pipes.

We are talking about such nuances on which the diameter of the sewer pipe in a private house or apartment depends:

The horizontal sewer pipe connected to the riser must be thinner than it. This is due to the fact that any narrowing of the passage in the sewer system will become a place of permanent blockages.
When arranging horizontal connections only slanted tees and fittings can be used. You can only create right angles for piping when connecting internal sewerage to the riser, otherwise this place will again be regularly clogged.
Each turn of the sewer pipeline must be equipped with a revision - a special technical hole with a cover that allows you to clean the system. True, exceptions can sometimes be made: for example, if there is a tee nearby to which the sink is connected, then it can be used as a revision in the future.
The risers of multi-storey buildings must be equipped with revisions on every third floor. In the presence of blind horizontal sections of the pipeline, the length of which exceeds 12 m, they must also be equipped with a revision.
Top part the riser must be open to allow air to enter the system. From the point of view of physics, this looks quite reasonable: the vacuum formed in the system after draining may well pull the water seals from the upper floors, and the people living in those apartments will be very uncomfortable.
The horizontal pipe must be installed at a slope. The optimal value is 10-20 mm per meter of pipe. Too much slope cannot be done, since the noise will be much higher, and the silting will be stronger. If the slope is too small, the water will drain more slowly than it will soon provoke a blockage.
Laying the sewer under the screed should be accompanied by thermal insulation winding: this will prevent excessive noise.
It is much easier to work with plastic pipes: they are mounted without problems and are well cut into segments with a conventional hacksaw.
When installing plastic pipes it is necessary to make a small margin of distance in order to exclude possible damage to the system when the pipeline is expanded. To do this, when installing the system, it is enough not to fully insert the end of one pipe into the socket of the other.
When installing a sewer system, it is necessary to direct the sockets towards the direction of water movement, otherwise clogging will not take long.

All these points in one way or another affect the choice of the diameter of the sewer pipe, so this needs to be paid attention.

Conclusion

Compliance with the described tips and recommendations will help to avoid problems with the sewer system both at the stage of its arrangement and during operation, because when sewerage is created in a private house, the diameter of the pipes is of great importance.

Arrangement of private property begins with the wiring of all communications. And not the last place in this case is occupied by a sewer collector, or rather, the wiring of the sewerage system and the installation of a treatment system.

It is important to remember: the design of the sewer and the laying of pipes must comply with the recommendations of SNiP in order to preserve environment and creating a well-functioning system.

Two networks - one whole

A well-equipped sewerage system in a private house implies the obligatory presence of internal and external communication in general scheme. Moreover, you must always start with the wiring of the internal network.

Internal sewerage includes all plumbing points in the house:

bath;
Toilet bowl;
Shower cabin and sinks;
All plumbing Appliances running on water.

All of them must be connected by an internal pipeline into a single circuit and connected to a common collector to bring the drains out.

External sewerage is a common pipeline that runs from the house to either a centralized collector (which is ideal) or to private system cleaning. In our case, we will consider last option devices private sewer, and for clarity in the text we will attach a video and a photo.

Important: at the stage of designing a house, it is better to place household and auxiliary rooms with plumbing points as close to each other as possible. And if the house will have several floors, then everything sanitary rooms better placed on top of each other. In this case, the wiring of domestic sewerage will be simplified and will require minimum set accessories.

At the same time, it should always be borne in mind that for a private house there is no specific regulation regarding the location of plumbing points. It is only important to combine them into a single gravity system for draining wastewater. In some cases, private sewers use a special pump equipment for high-quality transportation of fecal masses and gray water.

When creating an internal sewage project with an accurate drawing of it on the plan, you can more or less correctly calculate the required pipe footage and the number of additional components such as elbows, vacuum valves, pipe connectors and triple adapters.

Important: accessories and pipes can be purchased with some margin in case of possible damage to the elements during installation and installation of the collector.

Rules for distributing internal sewerage

To lay a sewer in a private house, and before that make it right project There are a few important rules to keep in mind:

To drain waste from the toilet, you need to use pipes of a larger diameter. As a rule, this is a pipeline with a diameter of 110 mm. This section prevents the possible occurrence of blockages in the pipe.
The single length of the pipe from the toilet to the central riser should not exceed 1 m.
To drain the remaining domestic wastewater, pipes with a diameter of 50 mm made of PVC or polypropylene can be used. These materials have proven themselves in working with aggressive environments.
All turns of the inner manifold must be done correctly using special elbows bent at an angle of 35-45 degrees. This ensures a smooth piping transition with no right angles where runoff can accumulate.

In addition, it is worth knowing that internal system sewers in the house can be mounted correctly with your own hands open or in a hidden way. In the first case, all water and sewer pipes are laid parallel to the floor or walls. If the chosen method concealed installation sewerage and water supply systems, then you need to calculate the area of wall or floor gating. It is recommended that the water and sewer pipes be placed parallel to each other. This will save you time and energy on complex tasks.

We draw a diagram

Initially, you need to draw a plan of the house with your own hands. For this you can use plain sheets in a cage, but you can also buy graph paper. A sharp simple pencil will be your tool at this stage of the work.

So, first we transfer the plan of the house on a scale to a sheet of paper.
Now we place the central outer collector on the plan.
In sanitary and domestic rooms, we draw all points of water intake.
Now, from each of the points, it is necessary to draw pipe bends with the necessary adapters and elbows.
Do not forget about vacuum valves and the presence of a fan pipe, which will remove pungent odors from the system not into the house, but outside.
Now we put the scheme on the plan with our own hands outdoor sewerage taking into account all the rules of SNiP and design the location of the septic tank.

Important: according to SNiP, when designing, and even more so during installation, it is necessary to adhere to the average slope of the collector towards the receiving sewage collector. At the same time, the following indicators are regulated for the internal water supply system:

For pipes with a diameter of 110-150 mm, the slope can be 0.8 cm per meter of the collector;
For pipes with a diameter of 90-110 mm, the slope should be 1.5-2 cm;
And for a collector with a diameter of 50 mm, the slope must be at least 3 cm.
Gravity outdoor collector must have a slope of at least 1.5 cm per running meter pipeline.

It is possible to maintain the level of the collector slope during installation either with special racks with their location at a distance of 1-1.5 from each other, or with the use of special clamps.

Types of sewer pipes

Sewerage wiring in a private house, as a rule, is made from special pipes intended for internal and external installation. For internal works do-it-yourself use pvc pipes or PP (polypropylene) black or gray color, and for the external drainage system, more rigid red-colored pipes are used. This difference in color makes it possible to detect the outdoor collector in the ground in case of repair work. Besides, street pipes for outdoor sewage system have more high level wear resistance to compression under the influence of soil.

Brief information about the pipes used for do-it-yourself sewerage:

Pig-iron pipes. Differ high strength and the ability to withstand high mechanical loads. However, at the same time cast iron pipeline prone to internal corrosion over time, which at one point will lead to the failure of the sewer system. In addition, the cost of cast iron pipes is quite high.
Polypropylene pipes. Differ in ease (low weight) and ease of installation. In addition, polypropylene is completely inert to aggressive environments and can serve for decades. Such pipes are used only for do-it-yourself internal sewerage.
PVC pipes. They are also light weight and affordable. They are most often used for the device of an external drainage system. Sufficiently resistant to mechanical influences, but at the same time react poorly to too high temperatures drains. So, at temperatures above +70 degrees and with a constant flow of such water, the pipe can simply burst.

Laying and connection of internal pipes

In order to do all the work with your own hands correctly, you need to enlist the support of at least one assistant and start working with the installation of a sewer outlet. This is the boundary part of the collector, connecting the inner pipeline with the outer one. As a rule, the sewer outlet is mounted in the foundation at a level below the soil freezing mark. You can arrange the sewer outlet and a little higher, but subject to reliable insulation of the pipe cut. Otherwise, stocks in winter time they will simply freeze, and the sewerage will stop until it thaws.

Important: if the hole for the sewer outlet was not designed at the foundation installation stage, then a hole will have to be made in the base with a sleeve inserted into it. The sleeve must also be mounted at an angle. Fixing it with a cement mortar and sealing the exposed parts of the base of the building.

After the sewer outlet is mounted with your own hands, you can start laying pipes for domestic use. All joints are connected with special rubber seals from the manufacturer. Such seals will not allow leaks in the sewerage system.

Important: the diameter of the internal pipeline must increase as additional plumbing points are connected to the manifold. Reducing the cross section of the collector is not allowed. In this case, the device with the largest outlet diameter of the pipe should be closest to the riser. Most often it is a toilet.

At the corners of the internal manifold and on its extended sections, you need to mount revision holes with your own hands. These accessory items are also commercially available with adapters and elbows.

Important: where pipes pass through walls or ceilings, special sleeves must be installed at the construction stage. Such elements are segments metal pipe exceeding the diameter of the pipeline. In this case, the sleeve should protrude from both sides of the wall by 10-25 cm. They will save the pipeline from damage as a result of shrinkage of the walls.

It is necessary to connect the pipes of the internal system with the riser using oblique adapters in order to have access to the manifold for revision.

And it is better to check the finished internal system for tightness by the strait method.

fan pipe

The fan pipeline in the sewerage system takes at least important place. This element allows you to remove the gases accumulated in the sewer to the outside and thereby normalize the pressure in the manifold.

Important: in no case should the fan pipe be connected during construction with ventilation or air conditioning pipes. In addition, it is forbidden to place the fan pipe at the same height as the pipe of the ventilation and air conditioning systems.

Outdoor sewerage

The laying of external pipes of the sewage disposal system must be carried out in accordance with SNiP below the level of soil freezing. But here in the rules there is an amendment that the installation of the collector can be carried out on optimal depth for a specific region (depending on climatic conditions), based on the positive experience of already installed sewer pipelines.

The external collector must necessarily have a slope towards the cesspool or septic tank.
If the length of the system is too large, then at all turns and on straight sections of more than 5 meters of the collector during construction, it is recommended to install revision wells.
As a storage tank for wastewater, you can make a septic tank with your own hands, or you can purchase and install a local treatment plant, in which wastewater is treated by 98%.

Important: making a septic tank with your own hands takes a lot of effort, and the degree of wastewater treatment in it reaches only 75%.

During pipe installation external sewerage need to be made warm. For this use thermal insulation material or a special cable-heater.

Important: a fully assembled sewer is checked by the strait method to determine the places of depressurization.

Are you going to install sewerage in a private house? But how much do you know about sewer pipes? Perhaps you have an idea of what they are made of and what material is more reliable. In addition, when choosing pipes, you need to pay attention to other features, such as diameter, durability, ease of use in the planned area, etc.

They are classified according to the following criteria:

diameter;
section;
material;
specifications.

Depending on where the pipes will be used, different diameters are chosen: a size of 5 cm is suitable for a sink, 11 cm for a riser. Even larger diameters are chosen for pipelines of the “main” type. When choosing, they are guided by the planned throughput systems.

The most actively sold samples with round section. This is due to the fact that they are cheaper, they are more convenient to use in most cases of plumbing and other work, and they are also easy to clean from blockages. The elliptical section is less popular: it is more suitable for outdoor pipelines with large sizes. Due to the peculiarity of this section, the pipes are able to withstand the loads exerted by the soil.

According to the material they are divided into:

plastic (PVC, polypropylene, polyethylene);
ceramic;
asbestos-cement;
cast iron.

Consider the pros and cons of each type.

plastic pipes

Widely applicable in the device of sewers. Also often used in outdoor systems. They are made from the following materials:

Polyethylene;
PVC;
Polypropylene.

Advantages:

low cost, availability;
resistance to ultraviolet radiation;
ability to withstand aggressive environments.

Disadvantages:

do not withstand temperatures above 70 ° C;
become brittle when low temperatures, need warming;

Ceramic pipes

Advantages:

impossibility of corrosion;
resistance to acids, alkalis and other aggressive media.

Disadvantages:

fragility;
complex process of mechanical processing.

Cast iron sewer

Assembled from cast iron pressure parts manufactured by centrifugal and semi-continuous casting according to GOST 6942-98 Cast iron sewer pipes and fittings for them ().

Main advantages:

not afraid of the cold;
durability and lack of corrosion;
resistance to high temperatures;
smooth inner surface.

Disadvantages:

high price;
heavy weight makes installation difficult;
Difficulties in processing due to the special strength of the material.

Asbestos-cement pipes

They are made from Portland cement and asbestos fiber in accordance with GOST 1839-80. Their advantages are as follows:

no corrosion;
ease of installation;
long period of operation;
smooth inner surface;
impossibility of electrochemical corrosion.

Disadvantages:

fragile material;
during installation internal pipes conductors, protective measures must be taken to avoid damage to the outer surface.

Sewer fittings

There are a lot of types of connections for pipelines, they are used in certain cases. For example, when installing a non-pressure system, the connection element "in the socket" is more often used. It is used in such pipelines, because it is simple and convenient to install, and also does not require the use of additional funds sealing.

In other cases, various seals are used for the tightness of the structure. Previously, ordinary tow was taken as sealants, today elastic rubber seals are used.

The main connecting parts of the pipeline are fittings. They are designed to seal, attach branches and give bends to the system.

Among other things, used to connect pipelines:

Adapters- details connecting branches of different sizes.
Couplings. Connect individual elements of the pipeline.
knees- fittings connecting vertical and horizontal branches. Can have an angle of 22.5, 45, 90°.
Tees- connecting three branches. They are produced in the form of "Y" and "T".
Revisions- fittings designed to clear blockages and maintain the system.
crosses- a fitting that connects several branches located in different planes.

Scheme of piping for sewerage in a private house

Before drawing up a wiring diagram, several factors must be taken into account:

Number of floors;
Number of inhabitants;
The depth of the septic tank;
house layout;
Basement available.

Consider the most a simple circuit wiring by example one-story house. It is composed as follows:

between the kitchen and the bathroom, which have one common wall, a riser is installed;
at a slope of 2 ° to the riser from the distant device is the main line;
to the highway serial connection connect devices;
the toilet bowl and the highway are connected to the crosspiece;
the rest of the plumbing is connected to the main pipeline.

Such a wiring system involves gravity. In the presence of a large number of plumbing fixtures, additional risers are added to it. The pipeline assembled according to this scheme has a long service life.

Installation of sewerage in a private house

Before proceeding with the installation of the pipeline, it is necessary to draw up and fully work out the installation scheme. One of these is shown in the figure below:

When constructing an internal piping system, a certain slope must be taken into account. In and 2.04.03-85 it is indicated that it depends on the diameter of the pipes (when equipping a non-pressure system). For example, for samples with a diameter of 50 mm, it is necessary to provide a slope of 3 cm / m, 100-110 mm - 2 cm / m.

To connect the pipeline, the following elements and fittings are used:

adapters;
couplings;
knee;
revisions;
tees;
crosses.

In order to avoid problems of mismatch between the internal and external systems, the installation begins with work on the outlet. This is the part that connects the pipeline leaving the house with the pipe leading to the septic tank.

Internal sewerage begins with the installation of a riser between the kitchen and the bathroom.

To the riser at a slope of 2 °, a line is drawn from a distant device. Rest plumbing fixtures connected in series to the main pipeline.

Then the fan pipe is removed, which is, in fact, a continuation of the riser. Provides ventilation and support atmospheric pressure. Takes out to the roof.

External sewerage is mounted according to the scheme shown below.

How to clean sewer pipes

Pipeline cleaning is carried out using special means, such as plumbing cable, and folk ways. Let's consider one of them:

Fall asleep in places of blockages baking soda and pour table vinegar (half a glass of both).
The drain hole is closed with a stopper for 2 hours, in order to prevent the resulting foam from flowing out.
After 2 hours, the cork is removed, the remaining vinegar and foam are removed with boiling water.

To avoid destruction and blockages of the sewer system, audits of the system are periodically carried out.

The most vulnerable points of the pipeline are connections. Leaks often occur at the inlet or outlet of them. They are eliminated as follows: rubber gasket, which is fixed on both sides with metal clamps.

In case of more serious damage, only replacement of the pipe will help.

How much is it

Most often, for sewerage, samples are chosen from polymer materials. Prices for 1 running meter:

Russian manufacturers:

Corsis 110 mm - 221 rubles;
Politek 110 mm - 288 rubles.

Import manufacturers:

Ostendorf (Germany) 110 mm - 210 rubles;
Wavin (Holland) 110 mm - 267 rubles;
Pragma (Austria) 160 mm. - 707 rubles;
Pestan (Serbia) 160 mm. - 416 rubles.

The cost for cast-iron pipes with a diameter of 100 mm from Russian and foreign manufacturers is approximately the same and varies from 1,500 rubles per meter.

With the development of pipe production, their range on the market has noticeably expanded. As you can see, they differ from each other not only in terms of characteristics, dimensions, service life, but also in price. Therefore, the choice of pipes for sewerage in a private house depends directly on the desires and capabilities of its owner.

To date, one of necessary conditions for a comfortable stay in a private house is the presence of a sewer system that works efficiently. Nowadays, this is no longer a luxury, but the norm of life.

Before you conduct a sewer network, you need to make a project and the correct calculation of all parameters, one of the most important among which is the diameter of the sewer pipes.

The main characteristics of the sewer network

In order to decide which sewerage is better to carry out in a private house, you need to know the structure of the sewer network. It is divided into the following types:

internal;
Outdoor.

Internal sewerage is laid inside the house to receive drains from plumbing fixtures such as a toilet, bathroom, kitchen, and output them to an external system. To do this, you need to install:

riser;
Fan pipe;
Pipe layouts.

Sewerage can be laid in several ways:

Hidden;
open.

In the hidden version, pipes are laid inside the wall or floor, and in open version they are fixed with clamps directly on the wall or floor.

External sewerage is located outside the private house. Previously, wastewater was collected everywhere in cesspool, which is a special container underground. From time to time, as it fills up, it is cleaned by employees of a special service. At present, more than modern methods as a deep cleaning station or storage septic tank.

What parameters need to be considered for sewerage

Today, a huge range of products for sewerage is produced. All of them must be manufactured in accordance with normative documents. In order to choose the right materials for the sewer network of a private house, it is necessary to study the parameters of the sewer network, namely:

Diameter of sewer pipes;
The angle of inclination of pipes;
wall thickness;
Product length.

According to the normative documents of SNiP, the diameter of the pipes can be of different sizes and depends on where they will be used:

When withdrawing Wastewater from the toilet bowl, a diameter of 100 mm is used;
When draining from the bathtub and washbasin, the required diameter is 40-50 mm;
For drainage from washing machine- 25 mm;
A pipe is used to bring all the waste into an external sewer largest diameter- up to 200 mm.

In a private house, when draining underground, products are used that can withstand a large load. They must be strong and rigid, as they will lie on large layer soil. The most common use case is orange pipes with a diameter of 110 mm.

Significantly important point when laying the system is the angle of inclination of the pipes. After all, the uninterrupted gravity flow of drains depends on how correctly it will be laid. The diameter of the pipes and the angle of inclination are interdependent parameters. Depending on the diameter of the product, the angle of inclination is calculated.

If the angle of inclination of pipes in a private house is calculated incorrectly, stagnation of drains will be inevitable.

Correct installation work inside the house

To carry out the installation of a sewer system in a private house, you should correctly draw up a piping layout. When laying pipes, the following materials are most often used:

Cast iron;
Polypropylene;
Polyvinyl chloride.

Additionally, when conducting installation work You will need the following connectors:

revisions;
Tees;
knees;
Adapters.

For the proper conduct of internal sewage in a private house, the following points must be considered:

When laying pipes, it is necessary to correctly determine the angle of inclination;
The diameter of the pipes should increase when connecting additional plumbing fixtures;
It is necessary to install water seals to protect against the penetration of unpleasant odors;
It is correct to do the wiring from the riser to the toilet bowl with a diameter of at least 100 mm;
It is necessary to install special cleanings and revisions;
If the sewer will be laid in the wall, it must be wrapped with thermal insulation;
It is necessary to install a fan pipe, which serves as ventilation.

Internal sewerage runs from the toilet to the riser, and from it to the outside. fan pipe attached directly to the riser using a revision. It serves the following purposes:

Ventilation of the sewer network;
Increase the service life of the system;
Pressure regulation within the system.

If a private house has one floor, then a riser may not be needed. It is very important to correctly determine the installation location. outer pipe, where all the drains will go. To facilitate installation work, "wet rooms" are best done adjacent or close to each other. After the completion of the installation work, it is necessary to carry out a trial run of the system to check the tightness of all plumbing units (toilet, bathroom, washbasin).

Laying of external sewerage

Before proceeding with the laying of pipes, it is necessary to dig a trench with the minimum possible number of turns. The ideal option There will be a completely straight pipe without bends. When laying a sewer network, it is necessary to correctly take into account the depth of soil freezing. The quality of wastewater disposal depends on how well the external sewage system is laid. For this, the following points must be taken into account:

Ground water level;
Laying of sewerage must be carried out on a well-packed pillow 50 mm thick;
Correctly set the angle of inclination;
The depth of the outer part should be no more than 50-80 cm;
Correctly calculate the distance from the cleaning system to the pipe entrance to the house.

Highly important issue is which treatment system is better to choose when laying an external sewer. To date, there are such types of septic tanks:

Cesspool;
Septic tank with mechanical cleaning;
Autonomous cleaning systems.

The cesspool is the most affordable option, since it does not require labor-intensive costs during construction, but during operation, periodic cleaning by sewage trucks is necessary. A mechanical septic tank consists of a tank through which sewage passes. Inside such a tank, wastewater is treated with the help of special anaerobic bacteria. Autonomous sewerage represents complex system, the main component of which are sewage treatment plants.

Currently, a huge selection of different septic tanks is being produced. They differ from each other in such characteristics:

material;
performance;
The magnitude of the short-term load;
The number of simultaneous discharges of wastewater.

In order for living in a private house to be comfortable, and the sewer network to serve uninterruptedly long years, it is necessary to correctly select the type of sewer network device. The device type depends on the following factors:

The amount of water that is consumed;
Plot size;
Soil features.

By taking into account all of the above factors, one can right choice to provide all the amenities of country life.

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