External sewerage - advantages, features of installation. External sewer pipe. Types, characteristics and sequence of installation work Street sewerage
External sewerage is included in the scope of engineering and construction services. The concept of "external sewer networks" includes all sewer pipelines and objects constructed during the installation of sewers. The correctness of the design of external sewerage networks largely determines the quality of the further operation of the facility. When designing external sewerage networks, coordination is required specifications, examinations. By contacting a reputable design company, you can free yourself from the need to independently coordinate documents, prepare for the implementation of the project and carry out the planned construction. Such a company, having completed work on high level, will provide a guarantee for the developed and laid networks outdoor sewerage.
An external sewerage system is a pipeline connecting the outlet Wastewater from a dwelling with a sewage treatment plant. Wastewater enters the treatment plant through the pipeline and also leaves them through the pipes of the external sewage system, so they must be properly installed. The external sewer network consists of several strategic parts - these are pipes, sewer wells, drainage devices; if necessary - pumping stations and other equipment. In order to select the most suitable option each of these elements, you need to know the features of their device and operation.
For device outdoor network sewers are used steel, cast iron, reinforced concrete, asbestos-cement, ceramic and plastic PVC pipes s. Each type of pipe is connected at the joints different ways. Cast iron pipes sealed with tarred carbolic acid and oiled tow, and then minted cement mortar.
Plastic pipes seal when connected rubber gasket, crimped with a rubber ring located in the socket. Asbestos-cement pipes are connected using sealed couplings. Steel pipes connected by electrical welding.
For the normal movement of wastewater in the external sewage system, the pipes of a private house should be laid, observing the required slope of approximately 20-25 mm for each running meter. It is imperative to observe slopes for pipes, otherwise the finished sewer will become constantly clogged with solid particles. The reverse slope of the sewer line should also not be allowed, as stagnant water may form. AT winter time stagnant water can lead to freezing of pipes and a significant decrease in their cross section.
External sewerage pipes must be laid at different depths depending on the average winter temperature and soil freezing levels. AT southern regions countries they can be laid to a depth of about 70 cm, and in northern regions- from 150 to 180 cm. If sewerage is supposed to be used in winter, then the pipes should be laid to a depth of at least 1 m and insulated.
Therefore, the depth of the trench for the external sewer pipes must be calculated before proceeding with its digging. In the finished trench, before laying the pipes, it is necessary to pour a small sand cushion about 15 cm thick to the bottom. In particular, such a cushion is needed when laying sewers in unstable soils. Then lay the pipes on the sand, making the same pillow on the sides. After laying the pipe, it is also necessary to cover the top with sand with a layer of 10 cm. Only then can you fill the trench with soil and carefully compact it.
When laying sewer pipelines, it is advisable to avoid turning them in order to avoid congestion and blockage of pipes. If it is impossible to lay a straight line, then it is recommended to arrange a manhole at the turn point.
For the construction of manholes, you can use concrete rings or ordinary brick. The walls of the wells should be carefully sealed with cement mortar. If necessary, by outer surface the walls will have to be waterproofed by covering them with hot bitumen.
On the pipes leading to the sewage treatment plant and diverting them, it is necessary to install tees with a diameter of at least 100 mm. Their upper ends must be left open. Install cleaning pipes above the tee so that the gap between the tee and the cleaning is at least 50 mm. Connect the lower ends of the tees to the pipes so that they are 40 cm below the calculated water level in the septic tank. Pipes from the house to the septic tank must be laid at a slope of at least 10-20 °. The place where the sewer pipe enters the septic tank should be located 5 cm above the pipe through which water is discharged from the septic tank into the drainage system.
Septic. it is recommended to place it at a great distance from the house (at least 5-20 m), therefore it is preferable to lay pipes for water flow to it to a depth of 1.2 m. All pipes should be carefully insulated so that they do not suffer from frost. In order to insulate them, they can be covered with foam chips, expanded clay, or wrapped with foam plastic.
External sewerage - an indispensable element engineering communications any object, be it private country cottage, apartment house, shopping center or industrial production. And the basis for providing a reliable and durable external sewer system is right choice pipes and proper installation.
Basic requirements for pipelines
The list of priority requirements for pipes can be safely attributed to the simplicity and ease of installation, compliance with the necessary technical standards, as well as a large number of fittings that make it possible to assemble systems of varying complexity. Of great importance are technical specifications material used to make products.
Selection of pipelines
External sewerage is a complex hydraulic system that must be designed and installed by qualified specialists.
A few decades ago, pipes made of metal and cast iron, as well as concrete collectors, were used to construct domestic, industrial and storm sewers. However, now they are being massively replaced by products made from polymer plastics.
The first plastic pipe used in construction engineering networks, was a PVC pipe. Now plasticizers, fillers and stabilizers are added to polyvinyl chloride. At the same time, external sewer pipes are produced on automated lines providing great quality products, high accuracy of physical and geometric parameters.
For external sewage, pipes made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) can be used.
There are serious requirements for pipes used on the street. Among them - resistance to aggressive environments, strength, lightness and dimensional stability, resistance to ultraviolet radiation, low coefficient of thermal linear expansion, anti-corrosion, wear resistance, attractive price.
External sewer pipes include non-pressure and pressure pipes made of PVC, pressure and corrugated pipes made of PE.
Necessary characteristics of sewer pipelines
Sewer pipelines for the installation of an external sewer network must have such important characteristics as high throughput, resistance to static and dynamic loads, tightness, impact resistance, resistance to long-term external loads. In addition, pipes must be versatile and repairable.
Most manufacturers offer a wide range of pipes and fittings that allow you to mount systems of any configuration and make connections with pipes made of other materials (for example, cast iron). Modern pipes are most often connected using sockets and couplings. In this case, convenience is also achieved in the repair of the track.
Pipes for installation of free-flow sewerage
Today, in most cases, non-pressure external sewerage is used at facilities. In this case, wastewater moves through the pipes under the influence of gravity.
The most popular solution is the use of PVC pipes, for the installation of which you can use conventional lever equipment (without welding). The assembly of PVC pipes is carried out using sockets. The sockets are formed at the factory and are additionally equipped with rubber sealing rings for tight and durable contact.
Due to the simplicity and ease of assembly, such pipes are highly valued in the assembly of systems. autonomous sewerage among the owners of country cottages.
Pressure sewer pipes
In cases where gravity sewerage is not possible, specialists use external pipelines with pumps. In most cases, special waste shredders are installed on the pumps, which make it possible to use pipes of a smaller diameter.
The depth of the external pressure sewerage system in this case can be reduced, but the requirements for the pipes used, on the contrary, increase. At the same time, you can save on the installation of the system if you install it for several users at once.
The advantages of this system include the absence of blockages. The waste liquid in such systems moves under pressure, so there is no deposition of waste on the inner walls of the pipelines and no overgrowth of the sections.
PVC-U pipes for external sewerage are made from unplasticized polyvinyl chloride, and ground marble is most often used as a filler for them. hallmark pressure pipes made of polyethylene is the most favorable price.
In addition, sewer pipes for external pressure sewerage can be made of polyethylene high density(HDPE). Due to the low modulus of elasticity, such pipelines withstand high variable loads.
Corrugated pipes for laying sewer systems
Corrugated pipelines for the installation of external sewerage are used in systems that have special requirements for pipes, for example, when laying at considerable depths and the need to bypass obstacles.
Corrugated pipes are made from extruded polyethylene, have corrugated outer and smooth inner walls. Such pipes are characterized by high ring stiffness and are not subject to deformation.
Docking of corrugated pipes is carried out using welding or using seals. Both the installation of the seal and the cutting of the pipe are carried out in the gaps between the corrugations.
characteristic feature corrugated pipes made of PE is the simplicity and low cost of installation, flexibility, increased ring stiffness, unchanged properties when laying at an angle.
Operational and technical merit corrugated pipes allow their use in systems where the use of other types of pipelines is unprofitable or impossible.
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External sewerage is a structure consisting of mandatory elements of the sewer system, which allows for the removal of effluents from the house to the place of their treatment and / or discharge. Design allows you to carefully select the details for the structure, and when the system is installed, it must be used correctly.
The operation of the system is usually accompanied by various effects that affect the operation of the system: everything from water exposure to chemical influences plays a role. Also an important parameter are constant temperature jumps.
In connection with all this, sewer pipes must meet the following requirements:
- resistance to corrosion;
- high mechanical strength;
- long service life;
- ability to withstand change temperature conditions;
- stray current resistance.
The outdoor sewerage device involves the use of metal, plastic or asbestos-cement pipes 100 mm diameter, or ceramic 150 mm pipes. For high-quality arrangement of the system, pipes with a length of 1.7-2 m are suitable, which allows you to comply with all slopes and provides Good work designs. The bottom of the trench should be covered with a sand cushion, concreted or covered with gravel.
External sewerage device
The creation of high-quality sewage is a common issue that worries the owners of private houses. There is nothing surprising in such an interest: it is the external sewer networks that provide the supply and output of water and waste from the building. The external sewerage scheme in a private house must be functional, and then there will be no problems with its operation. See also: "".
- laying of wireless sewer pipelines;
- installation of elements of shutoff valves;
- installation and maintenance of communications;
- arrangement of water disposal lines and sewerage system;
- sewer testing;
- system cleaning.
With seasonal or periodic residence in the house, you can solve the problem in a simple way: equip a cesspool and provide access to drains. All work in this case comes down to digging a hole and installing a pipeline with a constant slope. This design will provide comfortable living in the country or in country house. See also: "".
Another thing is if the house is permanently inhabited by tenants. The outdoor sewerage device in this situation should not be limited cesspool, since it will not be enough to store all the waste. The optimal solution there will be an arrangement of a septic tank and filter wells, which will reduce the volume of effluents by cleaning and discharging water to the nearest water intake (read also: "").
Features of the arrangement of sewage in a private house
Before you create a design, you need to calculate the external sewer networks. When installing a sewer system, care must be taken to ensure that the pipes are laid at a sufficient depth so that the soil layer protects the structure from impact. negative temperatures. Experts recommend additionally insulating pipes with expanded clay or slag, which makes it possible to avoid system breaks during winter frosts.
As practice shows, plastic external sewerage is obtained best quality achieved through positive sides material. In addition to ease of installation and operation, it can last for several decades. The installation of external sewer pipes must be carried out in compliance with the slope: it should not be too small, since the drains move by gravity, but should not exceed 0.15, since blockages in this case will occur quite soon.
The trench is most often made in the form of a trapezoid, and its bottom is covered with crushed stone or gravel, which is subsequently compacted. The installation of external sewage pipes must be carried out correctly: the laid pipe should not “walk” and sag. In addition, when arranging the system, it is necessary to take into account the terrain and the level of the inlet and outlet of the pipeline: the first should be located higher.
Regardless of whether the conventional drain hole or septic tank, the structure must be installed below the sewage level. Structurally, these devices are quite similar and represent a pit, the volume of which directly depends on the number of residents. The walls and bottom of such a structure must have a thickness exceeding 25 centimeters. When arranging the bottom, it is worth first filling it with clay and rubble, and only then concrete. The walls are also concreted, but only after laying them with bricks. All these aspects should be taken into account by the sewerage project in a private house.
Do-it-yourself installation of external sewage
The prepared solution must be laid out in an even layer, which should cover both the formwork and the ground. When the concrete has partially hardened, reinforcement can be placed on it, for which you can use any metal rods(excluding pipes).If possible, you should use ready-made reinforced concrete floor, which is covered with roofing material and covered with earth. We must not forget about the need to install hatches for revision and pumping out the pit in the future.
The created external sewage system with your own hands must necessarily be located at a significant distance from the water intake points, and the sewage treatment must be carried out at the maximum possible depth. The sewage treatment plant cannot be located closer than five meters from a residential building. In addition, an access road must be built to clean the pit. Cleaning should be regular, and it is best to use the services of vacuum trucks: this will ensure the highest quality pumping of the pit for a small price.
Conclusion
Do-it-yourself construction of external sewerage networks is quite an affordable task, but in the absence of experience in performing construction works it is better to use the services of a company that specializes in such matters. In any case, the sewage system must be made of high-quality and reliable materials, and then there will be no problems with the system. As a result, living on the site will be quite comfortable.
From this article you can find out what role sewer pipes play for external sewerage in the arrangement of communication systems. The text describes in detail the recommendations for the design and construction of a water supply system, a block system for laying cables, storm sewer designed to collect rainwater. In addition, the article touches upon the organization of external sewerage for wastewater and heating systems.
Pipes for outdoor - necessary element system arrangement
The presence of communications provides the comfort of living in a private or country house. Modern man cannot do without these amenities. If with the lack of Internet, security and fire alarm, the intercom can be reconciled, then it is impossible to do without the installation of heating systems, water supply, sewerage.
The heating system is designed to maintain indoor optimal temperature and creation comfortable conditions for a person to stay in a room without outerwear. The recommended temperature parameters are in the range from 18 to 23°C.
The heating system diagram includes the following components:
- a heat source presented in the form of a centralized system (apartment) or an autonomous boiler (private house);
- heating radiators - structures that transfer heat from the water inside the system to the surrounding space;
- pipeline line - combines all elements of the heating system (partially ensures the transfer of heat from the carrier to air space premises).
Installation of this system, as well as other communications, is carried out at the stage of building construction. However, at the request of the homeowner, the scheme can be redone in order to improve. Of course, such a transition is expensive, but the construction of the system is largely justified.
Helpful advice! For a country or private house, non-radiator heating can be used. A system of water, infrared, cable or air floors will maintain optimal climatic conditions at home, and will also allow you to achieve significant savings.
The specifics of laying water supply and sewerage networks
The plumbing system transports water to the points of consumption, namely, plumbing fixtures. In turn, the sewer system ensures the removal of waste fluid outside the building. Both of these systems provide the comfort of living.
The classification of plumbing systems according to the method of organization is as follows:
- the outer part is arranged along the walls of the building;
- the inner segment is laid inside the walls, where strobes are made especially for this, after which the communications are hidden under a layer of plaster.
In addition, the plumbing system is classified according to the type of materials used for construction:
- metal-plastic;
- based on steel products;
- plastic.
The main supplies to the residential building not only cold, but also hot water, so the pipes must meet certain temperature requirements.
The main task of sewage is the removal of human waste products, which may be in semi-liquid or liquid state. Subsequently, the effluents are cleaned and returned to natural reservoirs.
Sewerage according to the method of execution is divided into the following varieties:
- external;
- internal;
- cleaning facilities.
Without the construction of external water supply and sewerage networks, as well as a heating system, it is impossible to imagine comfort, therefore their proper design and organization are critical issues when furnishing a house or apartment.
Drafting a project for laying water supply and sewerage: important points
To properly design a water supply system, it is necessary to take into account the possibility of connecting to a centralized water supply system. If this is not possible, the problem is solved by building a well on the site. The decision is made on the basis of a geological assessment of the territory. It is allowed to drill a well for laying an autonomous external sewerage system.
In addition, other calculations will be required, for example, the volume of daily water consumption. The operating mode and load of the system depends on this parameter. Based on these data, a certain pipe section size and appropriate equipment are selected. For these purposes, you will need a plan of the site and a residential building, which will display all points of water consumption, as well as the consumption for each of them.
Important! When choosing the depth of laying the pipeline, the level of soil freezing should be taken into account. Alternatively, you can use the insulation of the sewer pipes of the external sewer with a heating cable.
In conclusion, the plan includes all the nodal components of the system:
- ramifications;
- turns;
- connections;
- cranes.
The diagram should also indicate equipment that performs heating, cleaning or pumping water.
Drafting a project for laying sewers under the foundation and inside the building is carried out in a similar way. In this case, attention is paid to the end point of the discharge in the form of an autonomous treatment equipment or a central riser, installation sites for plumbing and water consumption devices.
Sewer pipes for external sewerage: SNiP requirements
To collect wastewater, elements with a section size of 50 mm are laid in the system design. For internal risers and drains of waste fluid from toilet bowls, elements similar in size to external ones are most often used - sewer pipes 110 mm.
Be sure to equip the system with revision elements, both in the building itself and on the external highway. According to building technology these are recommended to be placed on straight sections of the pipeline, the length of which exceeds 15 m. The same elements are needed for areas where the highway turns. For the construction of the system, fittings and other additional type parts are used to assemble the sewerage system together.
For systems in which water moves by gravity, there are certain rules installation. According to the requirements of SNiP, the slope of the external sewage system by 1 meter, depending on the remoteness of the collector, can vary within 5-15 cm.
Important! It is not recommended to exceed the slope mark of 15 cm per 1 m of the pipeline, since the system will cease to function normally. A similar result will be with insufficient slope.
Recommendations for the installation of water supply and sewerage systems
In cases where the pipeline line, according to the project, lies in areas where digging is impossible, a puncture is performed in the soil.
Various tools are suitable for these purposes, many of which can be found in any household:
- shovel;
- scrap, etc.
If large-scale construction is planned under roads and in other difficult areas, special equipment is used to perform punctures. Some projects allow intersections between sewer and water mains. In such cases, metal sleeves are installed at the points where the pipes intersect. The size of this element is selected taking into account the type of soil on the site. For black soil and clay soil sleeves with a length of 5 m are suitable. For sandy soil, it is recommended to take elements with a length of 10 m on each side of the point where the pipeline crosses.
At the points of intersection of highways installation plumbing systems It should be installed about 40 cm above the sewer level. If the pipes are parallel, the minimum allowable distance between them is 1.5 m. In this case, it is also recommended to install the water supply system 40 cm higher than the sewer runs. Requirements are also put forward for the zone for entering communications into the living quarters. There must be at least 1.5 m between the water supply and the sewer system or gas pipeline.
Features of installation of external water supply and sewerage networks
For the installation of any of these systems, it will be necessary, in accordance with the project, to produce excavation, forming trenches for laying pipes. The outer section of the water supply must connect the source of water, where it is collected, and the point of entry of the main into the building. Optimal depth trench is within 1.5-2.5 m. From the level of soil freezing, it is necessary to deepen the pipeline by at least 0.5 m. A sand and gravel cushion is formed at the bottom, after which it is rammed, and in areas where connections will be located pipes need to dig pits.
Note! The dimensions of sewer pipes for external sewerage are selected taking into account the volume of water consumption and the length of the line. It is recommended to select the diameter of the elements with a margin.
The optimal size of the cross-section of water pipes:
| External line length, m | Recommended diameter, mm |
| 10 | 25 |
| 30 | 32 |
| over 30 | 38 |
The type of pipe connection depends on their material of manufacture. For the installation of the plumbing system, methods of soldering, welding, coupling joints of pipes, etc. are used. If there is a need to install shutoff valves, then a manhole is formed at the place of its installation.
To lay the sewer, you should dig a flat trench between the area where the system enters the room and the cesspool. Pipes should lie 50 cm deeper than the level of soil freezing. If the scheme provides for turns of the highway, then inspection wells must be installed in these places. To do this, a hole is dug and a hole is formed at its bottom. sand cushion 10 cm thick. If the sewer pipeline is large, revision wells are mounted in increments of 10-12 m.
Most often used for sewer installation PVC products and cast iron pipes. To drain the drains from the bathroom, a pipe with a section size of 50 mm will suffice. For plumbing fixtures, for example, a toilet is better to take products with a diameter of 110-160 mm.
The use of sewer pipes for outdoor sewage: price and product features
The choice of pipes for the installation of sewer and water systems is based on various parameters, including safety, degree of strength and reliability, recommended operating conditions and cost.
The following types of products are used for plumbing:
- plastic pipes based on polymers (polypropylene, PVC, PVC-U, etc.);
- metal-plastic elements with thin-layer reinforcement using metal enclosed on both sides in a plastic shell;
- metal pipes (copper, steel).
Similar requirements are put forward for products intended for arranging sewerage. In addition, the pipes must be resistant to the influence of aggressive environments.
The following types of products are used for sewerage:
- plastic pipes for polymer base(PVC);
- cast iron elements;
- ceramic pipes;
- products made from asbestos cement.
Polymer products perform well during operation, therefore, in most cases, these types of pipes are used for such work.
Helpful advice! Plastic has low sound insulation. To ensure the comfort of operation, it is recommended to wrap the products during the installation of external sewage pipes in soundproofing material.
Features and prices of sewer pipes for external sewerage: PVC and PVC-U
PVC pipes are widely used for the organization of communication systems, as well as the restoration of existing highways. Products are suitable for moving any drains. They are suitable as convenient and practical water from the roof and subsequent transportation of rainwater, as well as waste liquid from industrial and household facilities.
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Geotextile and coconut fiber as filter materials. Characteristic various kinds pipes for the organization of storm sewers.
Advantages of PVC products:
- frost resistance;
- light weight;
- simple mounting system;
- there is no need to use special equipment when working with pipes;
- resistance to corrosion;
- wear resistance.
In households, the use of PVC-U pipes for external sewerage is widespread. Unlike PVC products, which can withstand temperatures up to 60ºC, these elements are rated for 45ºC.
Scope of UPVC products:
- as casing pipe when forming wells (an alternative to steel elements);
- for the arrangement of the storm sewer system and other engineering communications;
- pipeline systems for domestic and industrial purposes;
- for laying cables in block sewerage as a protective shell (flat and corrugated elements).
Average prices for PVC pipes SDR 41 PN6.3:
| Pipe length, m | Section size, mm | price, rub. |
| 6,1 | 90 | 525 |
| 6,12 | 110 | 770 |
| 6,14 | 160 | 1650 |
| 6,16 | 225 | 3170 |
| 6,19 | 315 | 6210 |
| 6,22 | 400 | 10270 |
| 6,26 | 500 | 16150 |
Corsis pipe prices for cable and household system drains, treatment facilities rain sewer:
| Section size, mm | price, rub. (SN6) | price, rub. (SN8) |
| 110 | 170 | 180 |
| 160 | 300 | 320 |
| 200 | 410 | 430 |
| 250 | 625 | 660 |
| 315 | 950 | 1000 |
| 400 | 1480 | 1560 |
| 500 | 2250 | 2365 |
Note! The table shows the prices for Korsis pipes without a socket 1 m long.
Do-it-yourself cable duct installation recommendations
Cable ducting is a system that serves to place electrical and telephone cables underground. The depth of the channels depends on the pipe material and can vary between 0.4-2 m. concrete pipes. When working with plastic products, you can limit yourself to the minimum allowable parameter.
The optimal installation depth of the system also depends on the condition of the coating in the construction area. For pedestrian areas, you can take minimum depth. If the system passes under a motorway or tram tracks, then laying the cable in cable duct must be done at maximum depth. To prevent the accumulation of water, 4 mm per 1 m of pipeline should be added to the calculations for the communication slope.
On the segments between the wells, there must be straight pipes. The maximum allowable deviation per 1 m of the pipeline is 1 cm. The scheme should include manholes placed for every 25 m of the pipeline. If the cable will be laid in collectors to lead to a sewage treatment system or in the basement, the use of pipes should be abandoned. In this case, consoles are used.
The standard pipe section for a cable system is 15 cm, however, it would be more rational to use products with a diameter of 10 cm. It is not recommended to place cables designed for different purposes in one pipe.
Recommendations for the installation of storm sewers in the country with their own hands
- The average amount of precipitation recorded in the region by meteorologists.
- Rainfall frequency and snow loads.
- Territory area for waste collection.
- Chemical and physical parameters soil.
- Placement of all underground communications.
At the first stage, a gutter for collecting water is equipped and installation of drain pipes for the roof is carried out. After that, you can organize a linear or point sewer system. On sale you can find all the elements for the construction of stormwater. In addition to standard parts, sand traps, siphons, plugs may be required.
Availability of storm, cable and household sewerage, as well as plumbing and heating systems is the key to the comfort of living in the house. There is only one way to avoid unpleasant consequences when installing these communications with your own hands - by choosing the right materials and accurately performing the calculations.
The wastewater disposal system is not limited to internal communications. And if for the owner of the apartment in high-rise building only internal pipelines are the subject of concern, then the owner of individual housing has to take care of external communications. Their reliability and durability directly depend on which sewer pipes are chosen for external sewage. There may be several options. Let's consider each of them in more detail.
What should be the pipes for the outdoor system?
External pipelines have to work in difficult conditions, which is why they are subject to increased requirements. The material from which they are made must be:
- durable;
- resistant to a wide variety of aggressive environments;
- capable of enduring seasonal temperature changes without prejudice to their properties;
- wear resistant.
These requirements are met Various types plastic, steel, cast iron, asbestos cement and ceramics. Pipes for outdoor systems are most often made from these materials. When choosing such details, it should be remembered that they must:
- withstand the severity of the backfill and the load from possible movements of people and vehicles over them;
- resist static and dynamic effects;
- withstand impact ground water, provoking displacements inside the docking nodes and, as a result, depressurization of the system.
When choosing pipes, it should also be remembered that the reliability of the system is affected not only by the quality of the material of the parts, but also by the literacy of their installation. If it is too complex or difficult, it may be worth considering a different type of pipe.
What can you choose from?
There are a lot of pipes suitable for arranging external sewer pipelines. If desired, you can even execute it from glass parts. However, it is rather exotic. Consider the most popular options among developers.
Option # 1 - asbestos cement parts
For the production of products, a mixture of asbestos fiber with Portland cement is used. The advantages of such pipes are:
- Durability. An asbestos cement system can last from 50 to 100 years.
- Resistance to aggressive environments. Almost any liquid can be drained through such pipes.
- Light weight, which greatly facilitates their installation.
- The resistance of the pipe to the "overgrowth" of the inner lumen.
- Ease of installation. You can trim and join elements without using a special tool.
The disadvantages include the fragility of the material, which is very unstable to mechanical damage. When buying such products, you should very carefully inspect the ends of the pipes. This is where chips and cracks most often appear. In addition, they must also be transported very carefully.
Asbestos cement pipes are very fragile. Before installation, they must be carefully inspected. Most often, cracks and chips are formed in the area of \u200b\u200bthe end face of parts.
Option #2 - pottery
Ceramics has been used as a material for the production of sewer pipes since antiquity. And so far, such products are quite popular. The reason lies in in large numbers advantages of ceramic parts:
- Chemical inertness, which makes it possible to transport almost any liquid through such pipes.
- Slight roughness of the inner surface, which prevents the appearance of build-up and clogging of parts.
- Resistance to temperatures of the transported liquid and environment.
- Easy installation.
The disadvantage of ceramics is its fragility, as a result of which special care must be taken during its transportation and installation. In addition, the length of such products is small, which significantly increases the number of joints in the system. On sale you can find ceramic pipes with a diameter of 100 and up to 600 mm in two connection options: threaded and socketed.
Before installing ceramic pipes, their quality must be checked. To do this, every detail is inspected and tapped. The appearance of a rattling sound is considered evidence of cracks.
Option #3 - cast iron sewer pipes
Bell-shaped cast-iron pipes are a traditional solution for arranging sewers. For private construction, a part with a diameter of 160 mm is most often used. Cast iron pipes have many advantages:
- High strength, allowing products to withstand significant loads.
- Durability. Cast iron pipelines can be used for decades.
- High corrosion resistance and insensitivity to most aggressive media.
- Resistant to temperature extremes.
- A fairly simple installation, carried out by the socket method.
A serious "minus" of such material is its large weight. For this reason, installation cast iron pipeline impossible without special equipment. The internal surfaces of cast iron products are rough, deposits easily form on it, which over time leads to the formation of blockages and “overgrowth” of the pipe. In addition, the material has restrictions on its use. It is very sensitive to saline solutions, so cast iron cannot be used in saline soil.
Cast iron is a traditional material for sewer pipes. Its main disadvantage is its large weight, which requires the use of special equipment when installing the system.
Option #4 - PVC piping
PVC is an affordable, and therefore a very common polymer. Pipes made from it for external sewerage are distinguished by multiple "pluses":
- Smooth walls that prevent the formation of internal growths.
- Sufficiently high strength.
- Frost resistance. Pipes do not crack even in case of complete freezing.
- Light weight, which allows installation without the involvement of special equipment.
- Ease of installation.
- Resistant to corrosion and some aggressive environments.
- Low cost.
- High wear resistance. Pipes do not lose their properties even when transporting liquid with large quantity sand.
The main disadvantage that limits the use of PVC products is a significant thermal elongation of the material. Therefore, such pipes are not installed in areas where the transportation of liquid is required, the temperature of which exceeds 60C.
The characteristics of such products may vary significantly depending on the execution. Today, PVC pipes of two types are produced: one and three-layer. AT last version the inner layers are made from recycled plastic foam, and the outer layers are made from unplasticized material. Details also differ in the class of rigidity. Issued:
- Rigid pipes, class S. Designed for laying to a depth of 8 m, differ maximum thickness walls.
- Medium-hard products, class N. Can be laid to a depth of 2 to 6 m.
- Light elements, class L. They are used for arranging pipelines laid to a depth of 0.8 to 2 m.
As a rule, when PVC installation pipes used connection in the bell. This is an extremely simple operation that does not require special equipment and skills. In some cases, the adhesive method or the so-called cold welding is used.
Polyvinyl chloride pipes are limited in use. They cannot be laid in systems where the temperature of the transported liquid exceeds 60C.
Option #5 - polypropylene products
Polypropylene pipes are optimally suited for arranging external sewer pipelines of residential buildings and non-pressure storm sewer systems. Among their many advantages are:
- Temperature resistant. Upper bound allowable temperatures located at 95C. The material tolerates cold as well as heat and does not lose its qualities.
- chemical inertness. Polypropylene is not subject to corrosion and does not emit toxic substances.
- Smooth surface inside the parts, on which particles of deposits do not settle. Blockages in such sewers occur only in the event of an incorrect system design.
- Long service life. The manufacturer guarantees that polypropylene pipes will last at least 50 years with proper operation.
- Light weight, which gives advantages during installation and transportation.
- Ease of installation. Light weight, elasticity and special connecting sockets allow installation very quickly and without the use of special equipment.
Assortment polypropylene pipes very wide, which allows you to find parts for a system of any complexity and configuration.
Polyethylene sewer pipes are sensitive to ultraviolet light. They must be laid so that the surface of the pipeline is protected from direct sunlight.
Option #6 - polyethylene pipes
Another variety plastic products, widely used for arranging outdoor sewer systems. The advantages of such pipes are:
- Durability. The service life of such products is calculated in tens of years.
- Resistant to temperature extremes. The operating range of the material is in the range from -20C to +60C. For a short time, polyethylene can withstand exposure to a liquid heated to 100C.
- Easy installation without the use of special tools and technology.
- Smooth inner surface, which prevents the settling of deposits that close the lumen of the pipe.
The disadvantage of polyethylene is its sensitivity to UV radiation. Such pipes may only be used provided that sunlight won't hit them.
Corrugated sewer pipes are produced in two layers. The outer corrugated layer gives the product rigidity. Internal smooth - allows you to transport drains without interference
For all their advantages, plastic pipes are not sufficiently durable. To offset this drawback, they are made corrugated. These products are made from polyethylene. low pressure or polyvinyl chloride. They have two layers. External - corrugated, providing parts with increased rigidity. The inner layer is smooth, making it possible to freely transport drains. The connection of corrugated pipes is carried out in a socket using special rubber cuffs or with the help of "cold welding".
Video review of "pipes for sewerage"
The range of pipes that can be used for arranging external sewage is much wider. Only the most commonly used options have been discussed above. It is impossible to say unequivocally that one of them is superior to all the others. Each type of product must be considered in relation to the specific conditions in which the pipeline will be operated. And only considering individual characteristics plot and the capabilities of its owner, you can make an informed decision that will allow you to use the external sewer system without problems.