In order to grow a garden of fruit trees on your site, you must not only decide on the place and plants, but also take into account the basic nuances, such as planting patterns, hole sizes, planting and caring for seedlings, which will be discussed in this article.

Garden layout

When a place was chosen for planting seedlings, it is important to decide on a scheme for planting them. It is recommended to plant trees according to four schemes, which have their own peculiarities in the arrangement of plants, make it possible to simplify the process of caring for seedlings and get a bountiful harvest.

The most common planting pattern is quadratic: it allows you to create comfortable conditions for garden care. According to this scheme, trees are planted in even rows. The distance between trees depends on their type and variety.

Important! It is also necessary to take into account the landing pattern in order to rationally use the space, therefore it is better to arrange the trees in a square plot according to a quadratic pattern.

If were chosen dwarf varieties, optimal distance between rows will be 4 m, between trees should be left 2.5 m. Classic species that were grafted on a wild rootstock should be planted at a distance of at least 3.5 m from each other, between rows - 5 m. Tall and vigorous species should be at a distance of 4 m, between rows 6 m is kept.

The quadratic planting pattern is suitable for trees that are not demanding on lighting, normally tolerate partial shade created by adjacent rows. Usually apple trees are planted like this different varieties, some varieties of pears.

Chess

The chess scheme is very similar to the quadratic one, only in each square between four trees one more tree is planted. The scheme is denser, therefore it is suitable for planting medium-sized plants with a small crown. If the garden is located on a slope, then the chess scheme will be the best option planting trees to reduce soil erosion by precipitation.
The staggered planting method allows trees to receive maximum amount light, therefore suitable for light-loving plants - plums, apricots, peaches, as well as for apple and pear trees. The distance between the trees should be 4 m, between the rows it is better to leave 5 m.

Planting trees in a triangular pattern is characterized by a denser arrangement of plants with a large crown. According to the triangular scheme, all trees will be evenly standing, which will allow planting 15% more plants than according to the quadratic scheme.

To find out the optimal distance between plants, you must be guided by the rule of doubling the indicator of the maximum width of the crown of an adult tree. For example, if the crown width is 4 m, then there should be a distance of at least 8 m between plants on all sides.
Thanks to the triangular planting pattern, plants can receive the maximum amount of light. Cherry, apple, pear, plum, apricot, peach are suitable for planting with this scheme.

horizontal layout

The horizontal planting pattern is used in the case of trees located on a hilly area. Plants in this case are planted along horizontal lines, which makes it possible to reduce soil erosion processes and successfully grow seedlings on uneven areas. For fruit plantings, an elevated area is chosen, preferably in the south of the site. Plant fruit trees in such a way that maximum height trunks was directed to the north.
Thanks to this arrangement, the plants are provided with the most large quantity Sveta. The distance between them in this case should be at least 3 meters, between rows - at least 5. Any fruit trees are suitable for planting in a horizontal way.

garden planting

When the planting scheme has been determined, it is necessary to proceed with the selection and purchase of seedlings, which will then take root on the site.

Choice of fruit crops

In order for plants to bear fruit well, you need to be able to choose them correctly. Therefore, pay attention to the recommended growing region, soil and other conditions. Exist special varieties, which were bred for each region: they easily tolerate frosty winters, different types soils are less sensitive to adverse weather conditions. Consider the basic recommendations for planting trees that feel normal in mid-latitudes.

The most popular fruit plant in mid-latitudes is the apple tree. This culture is photophilous, so it is better to plant it in a well-lit area. An apple tree can grow on gray forest, soddy-podzolic soils, chernozems, which are distinguished by a light mechanical composition with a neutral or slightly acidic reaction. The tree does not tolerate excess moisture, so plant it on small hills, in areas with deep groundwater - at least 1.5 m deep.

Did you know? Apple orchards in the world cover 5 million hectares, and every third fruit tree in the world is an apple tree.

A pear is recommended to be planted on the south side of the site, since territories with harsh winters often cause trees to die. The site must be selected well protected from the wind, which is especially important in winter period. Pear grows well in moist soils, ground water should be no closer than 1 m to the soil surface. The ideal soil for pear is loamy, sandy loam or slightly podzolic.
Cherry prefers warmer regions with more sunlight and warmth. The seedling is not recommended to be planted in the lowlands, as the cherry has poor winter hardiness and often freezes. The territory must be chosen well-ventilated - in this way many tree diseases can be avoided. As for the soil, the cherry prefers fertile soils with a light mechanical composition, characterized by high air permeability. Cherries are planted on light and medium loams, which allows you to get the maximum yield.

Plum also prefers well-lit areas, so it is necessary to plant seedlings on the south side of the site, on moist clay soil with a thick fertile layer and a neutral reaction. Plum also grows normally in northern regions, but subject to the basic recommendations for planting and caring for the plant. Apricots grow well in mid-latitudes and subtropics in the most illuminated areas with plenty of sunlight and heat. Apricot trees need to be well protected from northerly winds: they can be placed on slopes and in places that are inaccessible to cold air.
The tree is best planted in light, well-drained soils. Peaches are planted in southern regions with a lot of heat and sunlight, because they are unstable to severe frosts damaging fruit buds. Peaches grow well on light loams with high air permeability and drainage, a prerequisite is high-quality wind protection.

How to choose and buy seedlings

It is important not only to choose the right place for planting seedlings, but also to planting material, in order to ensure a good survival of the tree and obtain stable high yields further.

Important! It is preferable to buy seedlings in nurseries, avoiding markets and other dubious places.

First of all, it is necessary to pay attention to the age of the tree: it is optimal to acquire planting material of two years of age, older trees have a low survival rate. Look closely at root system seedlings - it must be healthy, contain, in addition to skeletal, numerous growing roots. Do not buy trees that have knots, thickenings, growths, nodules, nodules or other dubious formations on the roots.
The minimum number of skeletal roots for a two-year-old seedling is 3, it is preferable to choose seedlings that contain more than 3. Do not buy trees that have gross mechanical damage to the roots created during the process of improper digging. The height of a two-year-old seedling must be at least 1.5 meters, healthy trees contains three lateral branches, which are evenly distributed along the trunk. The bark should be smooth, not have any scratches, cracks.

Did you know? There is an interesting method for determining the duration of storage of an excavated tree: it is necessary to pinch a tree branch between a large and index finger, and if the seedling is fresh, then a slight coolness will come from the tree, and if the seedling is dry–you will feel warm.

Planting hole preparation

Depending on the type of fruit tree, the planting pit is prepared different sizes and different shapes, but for almost all trees, round pits with sheer walls are best suited, which can ensure the normal development of the root system. The size of a hole dug in cultivated soil with a deep fertile layer should be about 70 cm in diameter and 70 cm deep.

If a tree is planted in a territory being developed for the first time, the size of the pit will increase three times, since it will need to be filled with a sufficient amount of nutrient mixture, which in the future will serve as a reservoir necessary for normal development young seedling substances. Heavy clay and sandy soils involve digging a hole 1 m in diameter and 1 m deep. Experienced gardeners it is advised to dig wider and shallower holes in clayey dense soil so that water does not stagnate in their lower layers - this will have a detrimental effect on the roots of plants.
If planting will be done in the spring, then holes must be dug in autumn period previous year if the landing will be made in the fall, then the hole is dug in May-June. This is necessary so that the fertilizers that were applied to the soil are well mixed and ripened, that is, they form the necessary microbiological environment.

Tree planting rules

Depending on the type of fruit tree, there are rules for the size of the pit, planting time and other nuances that need to be considered:

1. apple trees they are often planted in the spring, if the seedling is not older than 2 years, so that over the summer the tree takes root, grows and survives wintering normally. Spring planting should take place in early May - late April, when the ground has already thawed and warmed up a little. If the seedling will be planted in the spring, then the pit can be prepared a week before planting. The size of the pit will depend on the soil: if it is quite fertile, then 60 cm in depth and diameter will be enough; if the soil is poor, then the depth should be at least 70 cm, and the diameter should be 80 cm. Seedlings of 3-4 years of age can be planted in autumn , since the already strong tree is not afraid of winter frosts. Planting is best done in early October, so that the roots have time to strengthen before winter. In autumn, it is recommended to plant young trees in the southern regions with fertile soil. A hole is dug the same size as in the case of planting in the spring, but it is prepared a month before planting.
   
2. pear can be planted both in spring and autumn. Spring planting (at the end of April) excludes the possibility of death of the tree from frost. It is better to prepare the pit in advance, in the fall of the previous year. During this time, the soil will shrink, and after planting the seedling, the root neck will not deepen much, which guarantees the normal survival of the plant. The hole should be about a meter wide and about 50 cm deep. If the soil is poor, then the hole is dug deeper and filled with several buckets fertile soil. As in the case of an apple tree, a pear is planted in the southern regions in autumn, which allows the seedling to take root normally. In addition, a pear that was planted in the fall and survived the winter will be stronger and more resistant to future frosts. dig a hole better in spring, the size of the pit in depth is 50 cm, the diameter is 1 m, and planting is carried out in early October.
   
3. Apricot in the spring it is recommended to plant before the buds awaken on the seedling - in mid-April. The pit is prepared in autumn, its minimum size– 70 cm deep and 70 cm in diameter. The preparation of the pit for the autumn landing should be carried out in a month, or even two. A width of 1 m is required, and a depth of 80 cm. The optimal time for landing is the beginning of October.
   
4. Cherry often planted in spring (end of April), especially in the middle lane and northern regions, since over the summer the seedling grows, becomes stronger and normally tolerates wintering. The hole must be dug in advance better in autumn, its depth should be at least 50 cm, diameter - 80 cm. In autumn, planting cherries is practiced only in the southern regions, sometimes in middle lane. Optimal time for planting - the end of September, so that before the first frost hits, the tree gets stronger. The pit is prepared in the spring, the size is the same as in the case of landing in the spring.
   
5. Peach is a heat-loving plant, therefore, even in the southern regions, planting is carried out in the spring (end of April). The pit is prepared in advance, best of all in the fall, the size of the pit should be at least 70 cm deep and 1 m in diameter.
   
6. prefers spring planting in the middle lane and in the northern regions; in the southern regions, planting seedlings in the autumn is most often practiced. In spring, plums are planted at the end of April in a prepared hole. It is better to cook the pit in the fall, add to it organic fertilizers, which over a sufficiently long period of time will overheat and create ideal conditions for a young seedling. The pit should be at least 60 cm deep and 70 cm wide, or more. In autumn, at the beginning of October, the plum is planted in a hole that was dug in the spring and fertilized with organic matter, the size of the hole is 60x70 cm.
   

Did you know?Unlike other fruit trees, plums cannot be found in nature in the wild. Plum was obtained by crossing blackthorn and cherry plum more than 2 thousand years ago.

How to care for newly planted trees

When the seedlings are planted in the soil, at first, special attention should be paid to regular watering. The frequency of watering depends on weather conditions and regularity of precipitation. The minimum amount of water to be poured under one tree is 20 liters at a time. You need to water 1 time in 2-4 weeks. It is recommended to check the soil for moisture with a stick: if the surface of the soil is 20 cm dry, it's time to water the seedling.

The place around the seedling should be mulched - this is necessary in order to create favorable environment for the root system, retain moisture in the summer, slow down the growth of weeds. Mulch is poured in a fairly thick layer (15 cm) at a distance of 1-2 meters from the trunk - use sawdust, straw. The near-stem circle is regularly loosened and rid of weeds. It is especially important to loosen the soil after watering, when it is compacted from the water. Loosening is carried out to a depth of no more than 5 cm, so as not to damage the young roots.
Necessarily young tree for the winter should be insulated so that it normally endures frosts. Warming the trunk will also help protect the bark from rodent raids, which gnaw it in winter, which leads to the death of the seedling. The procedure is carried out in early November, tying the lower part of the trunk spruce branches not less than 70 cm in height. Whitewashing of trees is carried out 2 times a year - in autumn and spring. Autumn whitewashing is done on a sunny, not rainy day at the end of September, and spring whitewashing should be carried out during a period of slight frosts, when the first insects have not yet appeared.

Having a private house and a plot, any owner thinks about the layout of his own garden, as well as what fruit trees to plant in it. To enjoy lush bloom plants of your offspring, the aroma and taste of fruits from trees, you need to know how to properly plant a garden.

If a gardener has his own land near a private house at his disposal, and his desire to supply his family with healthy and fresh fruits is very great, you should think about preparatory work prior to tree planting.

It is necessary to allocate an open and well-lit place for fruit planting. It must be necessarily with a high location of groundwater. It is best not to bookmark in the lowlands. Majority fruit crops prefer to grow, fully illuminated by the sun's rays.

In the future, light-loving crops will need to be located on the southwest or south side. If the area is small, they are advised to plant in steps. This is done so that tall plants are placed closer to the north, and low ones are closer to the south.

When preparing the land, it is required to remove wild shrubs from it, as well as old unnecessary stumps, stones and everything that will interfere with the normal existence of fruit trees. Further, deep plowing or digging is carried out with the obligatory turnover of the reservoir. After that, watering and deep cultivation are necessary.

In order to know in the future which agrotechnical measures care will be required, it is recommended to give a sample of land for research in chemical laboratory. The results will help the gardener decide what top dressing and how much to apply during autumn processing.

Usually in landing pits put humus or humus, mineral complexes, as well as slaked lime, biological preparations for the protection of plantings from diseases and pests.

Thinking about how to plant a garden on the site, it is advised to draw a breakdown scheme for planting fruit trees. For each crop, about 4 square meters are allocated. m of area, that is, planting pits should be placed at a distance of at least 4 m from each other, in the aisles they leave from 2.5 to 3 m. Then all the trees will be comfortable.

When preparing planting pits, it is important which seedlings will be placed in them: for two-year-olds, the size of the hole is 60 × 60 cm, for three-year-olds, a hole of 70 × 80 cm is needed. Planting of seedlings is planned for spring, introducing the recommended soil mixture into the pits.

A couple of days before planting, seedlings must be placed in a container with a growth stimulator. Suitable "Kornevin", "Fitosporin" or another drug. A few weeks before planting seedlings in the planting pits, you need to pour part of the soil mixture into a cone.

Video "Decorative trees for the garden"

In this video you will learn how ornamental trees decorate the area.

Choose a style

At the stage of drawing up the plan, it is important to decide on the scheme for planting fruit trees. They practice styles such as regular (aka geometric) and landscape, which is considered natural. Next, we will describe in detail what each of these styles is.

landscaped or natural

Because in natural conditions trees do not grow according to any pattern, but in a chaotic manner, then the landscape style looks as natural as possible. In this case, fruit trees can be placed according to your taste, but with the obligatory consideration of their compatibility with each other, as well as other important factors.

Plant compatibility is called allelopathy. For example, it is best achieved by placing fruit trees of the same type next to each other: pears with pears, apple trees with apple trees, etc. But since such uniformity is boring, trees that are compatible with each other are most often planted: an apple tree will not mind close proximity to a red mountain ash, but it is better not to plant a peach or cherry near it. Walnut, for example, generally need to be placed apart, away from other plants.

To do everything right, before planting crops, it is advised to check their allelopathy according to a standard table. landscape style crop placement is suitable for uneven areas that have hills and depressions. It is these "shortcomings" that make it possible to create the illusion of a natural, that is, natural composition of fruit trees.

Regular or geometric

Based on the name, the selected types of crops should be placed so that they form symmetrical shapes - rectangles or squares. It is recommended to plant fruit rows so that there are straight paths between them. This great option is called quadratic and involves the creation of convenient conditions for the care of plantings in the future.

There are geometric tree layouts tested by many gardeners. If you plant them in a checkerboard pattern, then you must place them in the center of each of the squares additional tree. This planting option is perfect for medium-sized crops with a compact crown.

There is also a triangular type of arrangement of seedlings, used in the presence of trees with large crowns, as well as horizontal. The latter involves the presence of a slope and the creation of ledges.

What trees to plant

So, it is important for the gardener to decide which trees are best planted in the garden, so that these crops not only fit together normally, but also grow and bear fruit. It is necessary to choose those that, due to their features, will be comfortable in your latitudes. For example, in the middle zone of our country, different varieties of apple and pear trees, cherry crops, as well as plums and cherry plums grow well. Residents of warm latitudes should give preference to apricots and cherries.

Also, usually the selection of varieties of fruit trees is carried out with the expectation that they have the opportunity to participate in each other's pollination. It is better to explain with an example: if you plan to plant apple trees, you need to purchase seedlings, most of which belong to winter varieties. Then the fruits obtained from adult trees should be preserved after harvesting. appearance and taste qualities until spring.

Most often, the decision on how many trees to plant is made by each gardener, based on their preferences and needs. For orientation, it is worth noting that a family of 3-4 people will have enough planting in the country 2 summer apple trees and the same autumn varieties, 3 trees winter variety, a couple of pears, 4 cherries, and 4 plum crops. Of the latter, you can buy 2 cherry plum seedlings and 2 plum trees.

I want to tell you how I plant another (third) garden in my life. To plant a garden, you need to know what plants you need, what fruit crops your loved ones prefer.

Mine, for example, do not like plums, so we have only one tree planted. Black and red currants in a couple of bushes - for me personally. But there is one caveat. I have encountered this in my life: I planted three blackcurrant bushes, but for five years I have not seen a single flower. Whatever she did, it was all useless. So now I have planted five bushes of different varieties in different places garden.

Well, you have decided what you want to plant. Now you need to draw a plan of your site on a scale (I usually use this: two cells of a notebook sheet are equal to one meter). Then you need to take a sheet in the same cell and fold it with an accordion, on which draw circles for trees and bushes:

• for apple, pear, quince, mulberry - 4 m in diameter,
• for apricot, plum, high cherry - 3 m each,
• for undersized cherries, yoshta, felt cherries - 2 m each,
• for currants, gooseberries, wild roses - 1.5 m each.

We cut all this out and get several circles of the same size. You can make notes on them: No. 1 - pear, No. 2 - apple tree, No. 3 - mulberry, etc.

Now on the site plan it is necessary to mark the cardinal points. With north side we will arrange all the big circles, i.e. “plant” all the tall and wide trees there. My plot is small, and if your area allows, then it is better to leave a distance of 1-2 m between the circles. Next, we will “plant” the middle circles, shifting to south side. It is better to arrange them in a checkerboard pattern and so that they are shaded as little as possible. big trees. And between them and along the fence we have shrubs, raspberries, strawberries, etc. Let's diversify all this with flowers.

This is all, of course, ideally, but in reality everything is not always so smooth. For example, in my area along the eastern fence there is a ledge with clay soil, which means that I can only plant cherries and red currants with rose hips there. Blackcurrant will not be very good there, and gooseberries too. And near the pears (No. 1) under a small layer of earth there is a layer of gravel (about 30 cm). Shrubs will not survive here, but for trees, the planting pits are deeper, there is again earth, they can be planted.

This I mean that each site has its own characteristics, its own slope, its neighbors, which can shade your land. Therefore, I redid the landing plan several times. It is necessary to take a heavy crowbar and go through the site, deeply piercing the ground. My neighbors, for example, good land, and when they began to plant an apple tree, they found a huge boulder in the ground - it remains only to plant a bush in this place.

But here we have everything marked on the plan. Now imagine your garden in all its glory. The trees have grown large, pollinators grow nearby (either at your place or at your neighbor's). But some currant and gooseberry bushes, which were planted with a margin on the free land at first, began to interfere with tree branches.

So they will have to be removed.

Do you still have other copies? Or should they be moved away from the trees already now on the plan? And while the land is free, plant raspberries, strawberries, wild strawberries, flowers?

But all this can be planted only after you have drawn (or better still, walked on the ground) all the paths.

Water supply must be laid along them so that it can be reached to all corners. Choose a sunny location for your water container. I have a plot not far from my apartment building, and if you have a dacha, you need to put outdoor toilet- better in the same corner with the neighbor. Also place other buildings, they are now a lot of all sorts of places.

Planting a garden takes more than one year. Most often, three years are needed: at first, something will freeze, something will not take root. And when the fruits go, you need to sort out plantings with varieties that are not of the quality that you dreamed of. It is better to do it right away and not regret the labor spent - but you will get the garden of your dreams.

M still want to remind. Do not throw away what is already growing on your site. I have a thorn plum and I want to regraft it with quince and plum (there will be a pollinator for my only plum).

Do not be afraid, dare, plan, plant, and then you will get joy from the results of your work. In the meantime, on the still free land, I plant tomatoes and many other vegetables. But I will write about it in the next letter.

Full of bright fragrant flowers and designed to relax from the harsh everyday life. Or maybe it will be an orchard, consisting of pears, cherries and many others? In any case, the selection of the garden depends entirely on the main purpose of the future garden. cultivated plants.

If you intend to create a regular mixed garden, which has a little bit of everything, you must first mark out and plan the area. To do this, you need to take into account the orientation of the site to the cardinal points, find out which sides of it are more illuminated by the sun during the day, where the shadow from the buildings falls, how flat the terrain is and whether there are natural slopes of the soil. It is also worth finding out the level of groundwater and the approximate composition of the soil (clay, sandy, loam, etc.). All these factors determine which plants and in what sequence it is best to plant in a given area.

If the site is completely undeveloped, and you want to grow a full-fledged garden in the shortest possible time, you should give preference fast growing shrubs and trees. To slightly visually deceive the time, you can purchase already noticeably grown seedlings. The only drawback of this method is that mature plants take root worse in a new place and require more care.

For flower beds and beds with herbs it is better to highlight even, well-lit lawns during the day. It is important to ensure that there is no noticeable slope of the soil on them, otherwise this will lead to excessive drying of the earth. Best planted on steep slopes ornamental plants, intended for alpine slides. Grow well on such surfaces and flowering shrubs.

Perennial fruit trees should be planted at a considerable distance from each other so that they do not interfere with each other with age. It should also be borne in mind that in a few years their crowns will occupy the nearest areas. Therefore, for fruit trees better highlight separate part land, or plant them around the perimeter of the site, thus maintaining free illuminated space in the center

Sources:

• Fast growing trees or how to grow a garden in a couple of seasons
• Examples optimal layout garden and orchard on a small

Advice 2: When to plant peppers, cucumbers and tomatoes for seedlings in 2016

So that peppers, tomatoes and cucumbers please you good harvest, you need to know the timing of planting these crops for seedlings. In no case should you rush into planting, or linger with it for a long time, as the plants will be weak.

When to seedlings in 2016

When planting peppers, you can focus on the dates indicated on the bag of seeds. For example, on seeds that are preferably grown in central Russia, this is mid-February. It is important to take into account the factor that for most varieties of pepper, the period from germination to fruiting is 110-130 days.

From the foregoing, we conclude that in 2016 in the Moscow region and in nearby regions, it is best to plant seedlings in the second or third decade of February. Most late deadline- March 15th.

If you are guided by the lunar calendar when planting crops, then the most good days for peppers are February 10, 11, 20, 25 and 27, and March 13, 14 and 15.

When to seedlings in 2016

Some gardeners start planting tomatoes for seedlings at the end of January or in February, but it is worth remembering that this time is not the best for sowing these crops in central Russia, because the daylight hours are still too short. Generally, optimal time from planting tomatoes to planting them in open ground is 60-70 days, so if you are not the owner of a heated greenhouse, there is no need to rush with sowing. March is the most suitable month for sowing tomatoes, but only the second half of it, and it is preferable last days. If you are wondering if tomatoes are for seedlings in the suburbs, then they will help to calculate this simple calculations. For example, planting seedlings in a greenhouse mainly takes place in mid-May, that is, on the 15th. From the beginning of planting to landing in a greenhouse, 50 days should pass (slightly less than for landing in open ground). In total, it turns out that March 27 is the most suitable day for planting tomatoes.

When to plant tomatoes for seedlings in 2016 according to the calendar

All gardeners who use the lunar calendar for sowing seedlings should take into account that in 2016 the most suitable days are 5, 6, 16, 17, 18 and 22 February, as well as 4, 5, 6, 9, 12, 13, 14 , 15, 17, 21 March and 10, 11, 12 and 13 April.

When to plant cucumbers for seedlings in 2016

It depends on a considerable number of factors, for example, the warming of the soil in your region of residence, whether you have a greenhouse or are you going to transplant plants into open ground, etc. Since seedlings appear after planting cucumbers after three days (provided they growing at 25 degrees), and the most suitable age of these plants for transplantation is 15-20 days, then this information must be taken into account first of all. In central Russia, the soil warms up to optimal temperature for seedlings of cucumbers by mid-May, from this we conclude that right time for planting this crop - the end of April.

By lunar calendar most optimal days for sowing cucumbers are the following numbers:

March - 26th, 29th and 30th;

April - 7, 8, 11, 22, 23;

May - 9th, 10th, 11th and 22nd;

Every gardener who starts planting fruit trees should know how to properly plant a garden. The beauty of the future garden, as well as its productivity, will depend on this. Let's take a step-by-step look at how to approach the layout of the site and do everything right.

Immediately before planting a garden on the site, it is necessary to carefully weigh and analyze the following factors:

• the area for the garden, which you have. Recall that for each tree with a lush crown, you need at least 4 square meters. m of soil;
• site topography. orchard it is advisable to plant on a flat area or on a gentle slope;
• climatic conditions in your area. The choice of horticultural crops will depend on how severe the winters and how long the summer is;
• soil composition. The land must be fertile and light. Fruit trees do not grow well on rocky, clay soils, as well as where groundwater occurs close to the surface of the earth;
• accessibility of the site for the gardener. Do not forget that you have to regularly care for your plantings: pruning, fertilizing, loosening the soil.

Video "Rules for planning a garden plot"

In this video, an expert will tell you how to properly plan a garden plot.

Planning steps

Well planned Orchard will not only bear fruit regularly, it will also be cozy, beautiful and convenient for the gardener himself, and then the process of tree care will not cause much trouble. But for this it is important to perform the steps to lay out the garden in a certain sequence.

Site selection

Everyone knows that most fruit crops prefer to grow in sunny places. Therefore, the plot for the garden should be located in such a way that heat-loving plants are located on the south (in extreme cases, south-west) side.

If you have a very limited area, you will have to plant plants in steps: undersized crops will grow to the south, taller crops closer to the north side.

Choosing plants for planting

Once you've chosen a site for your garden, it's time to decide which trees you want to plant in your garden. A detailed diagram of the future garden with the drawing of all existing or planned buildings will be useful here - so you can clearly see what the real picture of the plantings will be.

When choosing crops for planting, be sure to consider not only the size of adult plants and their soil and lighting requirements, but also make sure that the selected plants can effectively pollinate each other - this way you will ensure stable future crops.

You should also take into account the timing of fruit ripening: for example, when planting apple trees, try to have both early and late varieties, and then the harvest time can be extended, and enjoy fresh fruit for a long time.

Accommodation on site

To fruit plants developed well and fruited effectively, they need to be planted at a certain distance from each other, as well as from the outbuildings or decorative buildings in the garden. For example, if you decide to plant cherries or plums on the border of the site, step back from the edge of at least 3 m (this also applies to the distance from fences or buildings). If apple trees are chosen as boundary plantings, the indentation should be even greater.

If you have grafted the selected crops onto tall rootstocks and are planting them in rows, keep a distance of at least 5 m between the latter. The spacing between trees within each row should be approximately the same. If this condition is neglected, you will force your plants to stretch (since they will not have enough sunlight), and the productivity and yield of trees will decrease significantly.

For low-growing crops, the indicated distances can be reduced by about 1 m.

How to plant a garden

So, we decided on the placement of trees and the site plan. It's time to start planting the garden.

First of all, you should prepare the landing pits. If the landing is planned in the fall, then you should take up the holes in the summer, for spring planting pits have been prepared since autumn. A layer of drainage material is placed in each hole, as well as the necessary fertilizers. When it's planting time, we fill up in the pit fertile land so that the tree "sits" on a low mound.

Another important factor is the age of the seedlings. If we are talking about shrubs, it is quite possible to buy one-year-old seedlings. Trees take root better if they are planted at the age of three.