Boilers for heating the house - choose your option. How to heat a house if there is no gas - a comparison of the effectiveness of various options

Natural gas has penetrated so deeply into our lives that without it it is difficult to imagine the development of civilization, and in particular, heating. country house without gas. Gas is cheap to produce, transport, and doesn't need to be processed to turn it into heat. But even now there are regions and settlements who are unable to use this natural resource. Therefore, people are forced to use alternative methods of generating heat to heat their homes.

Unfortunately, there are still settlements in which there is no gas supply.

What fuel can be used to keep the house warm, and the heating process was not burdensome for the owner? Many heating options have been used by mankind for a long time, but some are innovative. Therefore, we will consider all solutions, as well as their advantages and disadvantages.

If not gas, then what?

The most accessible, cheapest and efficient heating country house without gas - wood heating. In rural areas, this method is most relevant due to the availability of material. Firewood also requires warehousing and storage, which is not a problem in the countryside. Devices for burning wood - conventional stoves and solid fuel boilers. The stove has the advantage that you can cook food on it, and you can even sleep on the Russian stove!

The principle of operation of the boiler on wood or other solid fuels is to heat the coolant that circulates through the heating system and heats the house. For concentrated heat release, radiators, batteries or registers are used. Solid fuel boilers are also developing in several directions - there are gas generating models, pyrolysis units and classic devices operating according to a simplified scheme.

Solid fuel heating systems are affordable and easy to install. The boilers are equipped with automation systems that increase the safety of operation, which cannot be said about furnaces. If there is no gas and firewood in the area where the house is built, then heating can be arranged by other means, for example, with the help of electricity.

Electric boilers offered by domestic and foreign manufacturers, reliable in operation, durable in operation, maintainable and have high efficiency. The disadvantage of these devices is that the cost of electricity in light of its consumption by the boiler will be high, and than more house the higher the costs will be.

An alternative to the usual traditional ovens and boilers - the use of innovative, environmentally friendly technologies. This is the fuel that nature itself has prepared for us, and it almost does not need to be processed. For example, a heat pump that operates on the temperature difference between the layers of soil on different depth and temperature environment on the surface.

The heat pump is increasingly used in country houses, as it does not require fuel for the winter, it is environmentally friendly, technologically advanced, durable and relatively cheap. Flaw heat pump- the cost of the device and its installation, but it is comparable to the savings in operation heating system, as it does not incur any additional costs - for repair, maintenance and preventive maintenance of equipment.

solar batteries, wind generators and geothermal sources are the prerogative of mountainous regions, but people live in the mountains, so the percentage of use of such unusual heat sources is very high. For example, in Russia, electricity generated from such natural sources is used by about 15% of the population.

Heating the house with a traditional stove

Furnace heating is in demand today, since the operation of the furnace does not depend on electricity, the presence of a gas pipeline or liquid fuel. Buying firewood in rural areas is not a problem, there is plenty of space for storing logs and logs. Most often, heating a country house without gas, on wood or coal, has two goals - the actual heating of the premises and cooking. In order to be able to cook on the stove, the firebox is equipped with a special cast iron stove with removable flaps.

Of the advantages - in operation, the oven is the most primitive device, and its care is appropriate. It is necessary to clean the chimney and ash pan. If the stove is heated with wood, then the chimney is cleaned once a month, if with coal, then the chimney can be cleaned once for the entire heating season - it depends on the brand of coal. Anthracite and semi-anthracite are hard and high-calorie grades, leaving little soot behind. Chicken charcoal has a high ash content, and you will have to clean the chimney every few weeks, just like when using firewood.

To build a stove in a house, you need refractory bricks, sand and clay. metal parts- these are grates, valves, doors for loading fuel and cleaning the ash pan, a stove for cooking. The design of the Russian stove provides for sleeping place. The Russian stove is structurally different from a conventional stove - it retains heat longer, and at the same time it is more convenient to cook food. The Russian stove can be used not only as a heating device, but also as the main element for decorating a classic interior in a Russian classic style.

Furnaces of any design also have disadvantages. When burning firewood, you need to load them constantly - once every 3-5 hours. Coal burns longer, but the furnace will have to be loaded 2 times a day. Since the stove is almost always built in a residential area, dirt and debris will have to be cleaned constantly. Just like cleaning the ash drawer every day, and cleaning the chimney several times during the entire heating season. The fire hazard of the structure is also high, there is a risk of carbon monoxide poisoning if used improperly. In addition, the furnace takes up much more space than a boiler or boiler. If not used with oven water heating, then the heating of the premises will be uneven.

Advantages and disadvantages of solid fuel boilers

A solid fuel boiler is a heat engineering unit, the body of which is made of cast iron or heat-resistant steel. Thermal energy is released during the combustion of coal, peat, wood or waste from the woodworking industry. The efficiency and safety of a solid fuel heating unit has been proven by practice. The premises are heated with a coolant, which is poured into the heating system connected to the boiler.

The advantage of a solid fuel boiler is that it works on various materials.

The advantage of such a device is that the fuel for it is inexpensive, respectively, and the cost of thermal energy is low. 1 kW of heat produced by a solid fuel boiler is 4 times cheaper than 1 kW of energy generated by gas combustion, 8 times cheaper than using liquid fuel, 17 times cheaper than energy from an electric boiler.

Non-volatile, it does not need to be connected to either the gas line or electricity. If the boiler is equipped with automation, then most often this is an independent device. The unit is easy to install, operate and repair.

Among the shortcomings noted: the need for manual loading, the ash content of the fuel (which causes the need for constant cleaning of the boiler and chimney), and the need for constant visual monitoring of the operation of the boiler. The large inertia of the unit refers to both pluses and minuses. The boiler warms up for a long time and warms up the heating system for a long time, but it also cools down for a long time, maintaining heat in the house.

Liquid fuel boilers - advantages and disadvantages

To operate the boiler on liquid fuel, you need ordinary diesel fuel, fuel oil, kerosene, vegetable oils(rapeseed) or engine oil recovery. This condition already makes the use of the boiler expensive. In addition, to install the boiler, you need a separate room equipped with ventilation, since all types of liquid fuels have a specific smell and are fire hazardous. If the boiler is installed incorrectly, it can smoke, and in the cold season, liquid fuel requires heating or storage in a warm room.

Advantages - high efficiency, which allows the installation of liquid fuel boilers in large rooms. A long break between loads of flammable liquid allows you to largely automate the operation of the unit.

Heating with an electric boiler

Electric boiler - compact device with high efficiency. Ecological cleanliness in operation, constancy of the energy carrier, and operation are the main advantages of electric units. Heating of the heat carrier happens by means of the built-in heating elements. The cost of an electric boiler is related to the cost gas equipment, maintenance of the boiler is minimal.

An electric boiler is a good, but expensive way to heat a private house without gas.

Disadvantages - allocated electrical power not always enough to fully heat the premises. If electricity is often cut off in the region, then there is no alternative to heating. Although the cost of equipment and its installation is relatively cheap, the monthly electricity bill in winter will be high.

Alternative heating

Space heating with a heat pump is the latest development in this area. processes heat from the bowels of the Earth, from air or water. The unit is environmentally friendly and highly efficient: 1 kW of spent power generates 5-6 kW of useful power.

Disadvantages!

Expensive installation of a vertical earth loop. Even standard equipment pump in the installation will cost 400-500,000 rubles.

Solar collectors serve to transform solar energy into thermal. Structurally, solar collectors can be flat and vacuum. The environmental friendliness of the device is an undeniable plus. Disadvantages - collector operation depends on weather conditions, installation of the system is expensive, as well as maintenance. The main requirement for a heated building is good thermal insulation, which makes the use of a solar collector even more expensive.

What is the best heating method?

To calculate heat, two units of measurement are used - gigacalories (Gcal / h) and kilowatt hours (kW / h). Also, regional authorities often use kilojoules (kJ) for calculations. Following the generally accepted calculations in gigacalories, it is possible to determine the cost of Gcal / h for any room. So, for heating a room of 150 m 2, you need to spend 16 Gcal per heating season, or 2.5 Gcal per month. Determining the price of 1 Gcal can be carried out by a comparative method.

1. For example, let's take gas, the cost of which 1 m 3 in 2014 was 4 rubles. The calorific value of network gas is the sum of the calorific value of the mixture that makes up the network gas. Therefore, the specific heat of 1 m 3 of a gas mixture lies in the range from 7500-9600 Kcal. Gas boilers have an average efficiency of 90%, as a result, we get the cost of 1 Gcal of heat in the range of 600-700 rubles. If there is no main gas, then bottled gas cannot solve the problem - the composition of the gas is different, and the equipment will have to be redone. When comparing the cost of 1 Gcal of a propane-butane mixture (balloon gas) and the cost of natural gas, it can be seen that the gas mixture is 4-5 times more expensive.
2. Specific heat combustion of liquid fuel lies within 10000 Kcal/kg or 8650 Kcal/l, since the density of liquid fuel is different, especially considering the time of year. The efficiency of the boiler on liquid fuel is 90%. At a cost of 1 liter of diesel fuel of 33 rubles, 1 Gcal will cost 3,300 rubles. Conclusion - heating on liquid fuel will be an expensive pleasure. Given the trend of constant growth in prices for diesel fuel and fuels and lubricants, this is not the most economical way heating of a country house.
3. Coal is a cheap fuel, and the efficiency of solid fuel boilers is often more than 80%. Anthracite is the most expensive brand of coal, and cheaper coal can be used to heat a house - DPK (long-flame, large stove), DKO (long-flame large nut) or chicken coal. A ton of coal costs an average of 6,000 rubles. The specific heat of combustion of coal is 5300-5800 Kcal/kg. Calculations show that the cost of 1 Gcal for heating with coal will be 1200-1300 rubles.
4. Using peat for heating a house will cost more. The specific heat of combustion of peat is 4000 Kcal/kg. This means that the cost of 1 Gcal is 1300-1400 rubles.
5. Pellets are one of the types of solid fuel. Pellets are produced from woodworking industry waste in the form of granules. They are convenient to use in solid fuel boilers with automatic loading. The specific heat of combustion of pellets is 4.2 Kcal/kg. With the cost of pellets for 1 ton of 5,000 rubles per ton, the cost of 1 Gcal will be approximately 1,500 rubles.
6. Electrical energy is the easiest way to heat a house without gas. The efficiency of an electric heater tends to 100%. 1 Gcal is 1163 kWh. Therefore, at the current price of electricity for the village, 2 rubles per 1 kWh, 1 Gcal will cost approximately 1,600 rubles.
7. You can reduce the cost of using electricity for heating by operating a heat pump. The heat pump works on the principle of a refrigerator - the refrigerant evaporates at low positive temperatures. The route is laid along thin long tubes in the ground or at the bottom of a natural reservoir. Even in extreme cold, the correct calculation of the required depth of pipe laying will not allow them to freeze. Having reached the house, the refrigerant begins to condense and gives off the heat accumulated from water or soil to the heating system. The movement of the refrigerant is controlled by a compressor that is powered by electricity. The average electricity consumption of the compressor is 300 W to generate 1 kW of thermal energy. The price of 1 Gcal of heat will be 880 rubles.

The conclusions are obvious and unambiguous - in order to organize economical heating of a country house without gas, it is best to use a heat pump or solid fuel in any form.

On the modern market there are many options for - ranging from solid fuel boilers for home heating and ending with heat pumps. Most homeowners believe that it is profitable to heat the house with a gas boiler, but FORUMHOUSE users know that at certain conditions this is far from the best solution.

Due to the constant rise in energy prices and the high cost of connection, many developers are concerned about the following issues.

• Is there an alternative to the main gas;
• What features can be different systems heating;
• How to calculate the price of a particular type of fuel;
• Is it profitable to use solid fuel heating systems;
• How to heat a house with electricity and not go broke;
• Can a home heat pump replace traditional systems heating.

And experts and users of our forum will help you find answers to these questions!

The main criteria for choosing a heating system

Construction experience suggests that heating system of a private house is selected taking into account many factors: the degree of availability of a particular type of fuel, the estimated monthly heating costs, climatic conditions habitation and heat loss of the building.

Heating a house in a temperate climate is one task, and completely different requirements are placed on the heating system in regions with an even colder climate than in Moscow and a months-long heating season.

The efficiency of the heating system at home depends not onlyon the thermal characteristics of the fuel and the efficiency of the boiler, but also on design features house and the degree of its heat loss.

A poorly insulated dwelling nullifies the work of the most highly efficient heating system!

Therefore, the choice of a heating system and boiler equipment must begin at the design stage of your future home. Any of the experienced developers will agree with the statement that there are no trifles here, and any mistake or flaw can lead to costly rework.

First of all, let's consider .

Alexander KhadynskyHead of the heating systems department of the company "My fireplace"

The choice of heating system, first of all, depends on what communications are connected to the house. If the main gas is already connected, then the choice of fuel usually ends there, because. at the moment, heating the house due to main gas is recognized as the best solution.

It is also worth considering the convenience of operating the heating system in different modes of residence: daily, weekend mode, one-time visits. Only after weighing all the pros and cons, you can choose the best option.

In the absence of main gas, the process of heating the house on the so-called gas tank is possible - a sealed container buried on the site and in need of periodic refueling.

The advantages of liquefied gas, as well as main gas, are clean exhaust, the ability to install compact chimneys and small boilers for heating poison.

With all the advantages, this system of autonomous heating of the house has a number of disadvantages.

Anatoly Gurin CEO of DoM Engineering Systems

The main disadvantages of a gas tank include: expensive installation, inconvenience of refueling, obtaining permits, the need for periodic maintenance by highly qualified personnel. In addition, the gas tank takes up a lot of space on the site.

Igor Larin Head of "Boiler Equipment" WIRBEL

The choice of fuel, and hence the boiler equipment, depends on the degree of its availability in a particular region. If the house has a main natural gas, then the choice is obvious in his favor, if not, then it is necessary to assess the cost and availability of other types of fuel for heating in the area, and install the equipment accordingly.

How to replace gas

The advantages of gas are well known, but all of them are offset by the extremely high price of supplying it. Let's consider alternatives.

Liquid fuel

Diesel heating – requires the installation of expensive and complex equipment.

It is necessary to find a place to install a fuel tank. Diesel fuel has a peculiar and not for everyone nice smell. Also, due to the constant increase in prices for hydrocarbon fuels, heating with diesel fuel is one of the most expensive ways home heating. Among the main advantages for this type of home heating, a high degree of automation of the boiler and the ubiquity of diesel fuel can be distinguished.

Electricity

Electric boilers are easy to operate, environmentally friendly, safe and silent.

Alexander Khadynsky

However, with low initial costs for the purchase of equipment, it is very expensive to heat with electricity, and during power outages, you can be left without heating and without hot water. Also, an electric boiler for heating a house will need to install separate wiring, and if its power exceeds 9 kW - three-phase network at 380 V.

In addition to electric boilers, there are heating devices such as electric convectors And infrared emitters.

The advantages of heating with electric convectors and infrared emitters include minimal initial costs and ease of equipment installation. You do not have to deal with the arrangement of the boiler room or conduct heating pipes. It would seem that he took the device out of the box, plugged it into the network and use it. But, as practice shows, not everything is so simple.

Oleg Dunaev civil engineer

A well-insulated house can be successfully heated with an electric convector only if there is sufficient electrical power.

• high equipment efficiency;
• ease of installation;
• presentable appearance;
• safety of use;
• the ability to program energy-saving modes.

The cons include:

• additional costs for high-quality wiring;
• increased requirements for the quality of power supply elements.

Unlike an electric boiler, installing a convector or any model of an IR emitter does not require laying pipes and the presence of a heat carrier, as a result, inefficient energy costs for heating water (coolant), boiler and pipes are reduced, and heat losses are reduced.

Here are the main criteria for choosing such a heating system.

Oleg Dunaev :

- We choose this way: the power of one convector is up to 1.5 kW (more - the plugs melt and the relay contacts burn).

The programmer has its own power supply (settings are saved when the power is turned off). For 10 sq.m. area requires approximately 1 kW of convector power.

Electricity - 380V, 3 phases, permitted power - at least 15 kW. Wiring section - 3x2.5 sq. Mm. We lay dedicated converter lines and connect no more than three convectors to one line.

A wall-mounted electric convector is best hung under a window about 15 cm from the floor.

Heating with electricity is one of the most expensive ways to heat a home. It would seem that, cheap heating electricity is a myth. However, a user of our forum Alexander Fedortsov(nickname on the forum Skeptic ) refutes this assertion by its own example.

Skeptic Forumhouse User

I independently built a well-insulated frame house on the foundation of the UWB. First, according to the project for heating a house with an area of ​​186 sq.m. a solid fuel boiler was supposed. After a little thought, I decided that I didn’t want to become a stoker at all, but it was better to use the night tariff and heat water in a reliable home-made heat accumulator with a volume of 1.7 cubic meters.

Water heated overnight by electric heating elements up to 50 C, allows you to successfully heat the house in winter months with underfloor heating system. You can monitor the temperature with a custom controller.

Alexander Fedortsov

I put the floor TA in the boiler room on a sheet of foam plastic of 35 density and 10 cm thick. The heat accumulator is well insulated - 20 cm stone wool on the lid of the tank, on the walls - 15 cm. I can say that the cost of heating in December amounted to 1.5 thousand rubles. In January, they wound up no more than 2 thousand rubles. T

solid fuel

Firewood, coal, fuel briquettes.

Alexander Khadynsky

A solid fuel boiler (coal, firewood) requires constant attention, practically turning its owner into a stoker. Such structures can be used in places where neither gas nor electricity is supplied. They are the most affordable and are the cheapest. When using solid fuel boilers, it is especially important to observe fire safety measures.

Igor Larin

The degree of autonomy of solid fuel boilers can be increased by using a buffer tank - a heat accumulator in the system. Thanks to TA, heat is accumulated and the number of bookmarks in the boiler is reduced.

On average, the operating time of a solid fuel boiler on one tab is at least 3 hours, maximum 12 or more hours. The temperature regulator controls the air supply to the combustion chamber, and overheating protection is provided by a special valve and overheating protection heat exchanger.

When using solid fuels, there is no need to communicate with supply companies and obtain permits for installing a boiler. Everything is regulated by SNiPs, which must be followed during the installation of heating equipment. You should also follow the manufacturer's recommendations for fire safety.

As a backup heating system in case of a power outage, it makes sense to install a multi-fuel boiler or combine several heaters.

Alexander Khadynsky

An additional boiler is often used to increase the degree of automation of a solid fuel boiler, an electric boiler or a fireplace with a water circuit are connected to the circuit.

Autonomous heating in a private house through combined boiler rooms is an expensive option. These types of boilers combine three types of boilers at once - solid fuel, electric with a gas or diesel burner and are the most expensive of household boilers. In the event of a power outage, it is better to connect an uninterruptible power supply, which will allow the equipment to continue operating for up to 48 hours during the power outage.

Igor Larin

It is possible and even necessary to combine different devices for space heating, especially in regions where fuel shortages are possible.

Practical are systems where solid fuel boilers are combined with wood burning fireplaces, i.e. the system includes an additional heat generator (fireplace), which maintains or accelerates the heating of the system.

The benefit of using multi-fuel boilers is the ability to combine two types of fuel in the same equipment. In a boiler with two furnaces, solid fuel (wood, coal, briquettes) can be burned in one, and a burner (diesel or pellet) can be installed in the other. Thus, the homeowner, depending on the situation, can choose the type of heating that is convenient for him.

Anatoly Gurin :

- The undoubted advantages of pellet heating include: autonomy, its low cost relative to electricity and diesel fuel with propane. Among the minuses, it can be noted that it is necessary to find a place for storing pellets.

And low-quality pellets, due to incomplete combustion, reduce the efficiency of the boiler.

The boiler itself requires weekly attention, because. it is necessary to clean the burner and fill the pellets.

The time of continuous operation of the boiler can be significantly increased by installing an additional bunker for pellets.

In recent years, it has become more and more popular alternative heating systems houses built on heat pump etc. (see diagram).

Anatoly Gurin :

– The principle of operation is simple: the heat pump transfers warm air from the street to the house. The easiest way to imagine a heat pump is like a refrigerator: the freezer is in the ground, and the radiator is in the house.

The experience of using such a heating system shows that, having spent only 1 kW of electricity, we get 5 kW of heat.

Despite the fact that such a heating system has been known for decades, many are stopped by the high initial costs required for its installation.

A heating system is a long-term investment in your home, and lower initial costs are further offset by higher fuel and boiler maintenance costs.

Benefits of using a heat pump:

• low, 5 times less than when heating a house with electricity, ;
• when air circulates from the street to the house, there are no emissions;
• the system does not require maintenance;
• autonomy of operation: the heat pump requires only electricity, and in the event of a power outage, the heat pump can be easily powered from a gas generator.

How to understand what is more profitable to heat a house

The cost of heating consists of the cost of fuel. There is no universal fuel that is equally suitable for every region or home. Therefore, it is necessary to make a calculation based on the specific situation.

There may also be a situation when gas should be carried out in 1-2 years. At this time, you can put a solid fuel boiler and then install a gas burner in it.

Anatoly Gurin

It is necessary to choose the cheapest fuel in the region. It will be most profitable for them to heat the house. For an objective calculation, it is best to compile a summary table that displays the types of heat sources available, their construction costs, operating costs and service life.

In the long term, it is important to take into account such a factor as the convenience of using a heat source. Experience shows that no matter how cheap fuel is, it low price the minimum degree of autonomy of the boiler and an increased degree of attention to the operation of this equipment can cross out.

Alexander Khadynsky

It is necessary to carry out brief analysis the most probable ways of heating with one or another type of fuel.

Knowing the power of the boiler, you can calculate the cost of heating costs per month. Approximate calculation - 1 kW is needed to heat 10 sq.m. (provided that the distance from floor to ceiling is up to - 3 m), in addition, you need to take a margin of 15-20%, which is necessary for preparing hot water.

Average boiler equipment works about 10 hours a day. The heating season in central Russia lasts 7-8 months a year, the rest of the time the boiler works to prepare hot water and maintain it in the house minimum temperature+8C.

Total:

Electricity: Approximately 1 kWh of electricity is consumed to produce 1 kWh of thermal energy.

Solid fuel: Approximately 0.4 kg/hour of firewood is consumed to obtain 1 kW/h of thermal energy.

Diesel fuel: Approximately 0.1 liter of diesel fuel is consumed to obtain 1 kWh of thermal energy.

Gas: Approximately 0.1 kg of liquefied gas is consumed to produce 1 kWh of thermal energy.

In the long term, it is necessary to take into account the increase in fuel prices, based on the trends of recent years, and the payback period for the initial investment.

In this way, the choice of a heating system consists of a whole range of measures and engineering solutions requiring a balanced approach and careful analysis of each specific situation.

Watch videos about the unusual layout of the heating system and how to organize efficient and cheap heating with electricity on your own.

Homeowners, who have several different types of energy sources at their disposal, find it very convenient to choose the right equipment for heating their home. But what about those people who have no choice at all? There is no natural gas nearby, and the electricity limit is so small that it is not possible to use it as an energy carrier for heating a house? In this case, there are several options, which our article is designed to consider. These options will also be useful to those homeowners who want to arrange economical heating of a private house without gas and electricity.

What energy sources are available?

By default, we immediately exclude from the list the two main energy carriers: electricity and natural gas. Then we have at our disposal:

• various biomass: wood, coal, straw, sawdust and so on;
• imported hydrocarbon fuel: liquefied gas in cylinders or diesel fuel;
• alternative energy sources.

The latter include installations capable of extracting the heat contained in air, earth or water. But the most affordable ways to heat a house without traditional energy resources are still burning biomass to heat water or air. It is more difficult with liquefied gas or diesel fuel, their initial cost is quite high, and together with delivery it will be completely sky-high. Again, for high-quality combustion of diesel fuel, electricity is needed.

Just starting to develop alternative heating for a private house is still considered very expensive and not available to everyone. But behind him is the future, because in terms of efficiency, such heating has no equal. If you do not take into account various exotic energy sources, then the choice will have to be made from two options:

• inexpensive and accessible but troublesome biomass combustion;
• expensive, but economical and comfortable sources of alternative energy.

Diesel fuel and propane should be excluded from the list, these sources are not suitable for anyone. To effectively burn diesel fuel, you need electricity, which means a solar battery. Propane consumption even for small house will be so large that you will quickly get tired of changing and bringing new cylinders. As a result, heating costs will still be unacceptable.

Non-volatile heating on wood and coal

It's no secret that there are a number of devices that allow you to get heat from wood and coal without connecting to the mains. Here they are:

• brick ovens;
• metal ovens;
• solid fuel boilers.

For reference. Fireplaces also successfully burn firewood, but it can only be a stretch to attribute them to home heating means. Rather, these are interior elements that create comfort and coziness, but there is little heat from them, except perhaps in one room.

Heating stoves

A well-chosen and well-built brick oven can provide good heating houses without gas. By placing it in the center of the building so that at least one wall of the furnace goes into each adjacent room, you can get an excellent source of heat without the use of water systems. If the layout of the house does not allow placing a brick stove so well, then a water coil is built into its firebox. He will be able to supply heat to radiators in 2-3 small rooms.

Various metal stoves will also help to heat the house without gas. This option will cost significantly less than the construction of a capital brick structure that requires a foundation. Putting up a modern steel or cast iron potbelly stove is easier, and it looks great, especially with built-in fireproof glass. Some models are equipped with coils for heating water, which are connected to a small heating network.

Solid fuel boilers

The optimal autonomous heating of a country house without gas and electricity is the installation of a solid fuel boiler. The simplest models of units are produced in a non-volatile version, where the combustion air flow is controlled by mechanical thermostat with chain drive. But in this case, you need to follow a number of recommendations:

• it is necessary to ensure good natural draft of the chimney;
• when installing the boiler, it must be ensured that the branch pipe for connecting the return line is not higher than the level of the incoming pipe. If necessary, the unit is placed in a small pit;
• the heating system must be gravity (gravitational) and communicate with the atmosphere through an open expansion tank located at the highest point;
• in order for independent heating with a solid fuel heat generator to function reliably and trouble-free, it is necessary to correctly calculate and select all pipe diameters, observe all slopes. At the same time, try not to make too long dead-end branches;
• the boiler must be equipped with a safety group.

Important! In gravity networks, the coolant moves slowly, a wood-burning heating unit is more prone to boiling than in pump systems. That is why it is so important to withstand all the calculated parameters. It is strongly recommended to use in the circuit a tank - a heat accumulator of sufficient capacity.

Having considered all types of heating using biomass, it can be noted that in terms of efficiency, a solid fuel boiler will confidently take first place, its efficiency reaches 75%, while the best furnace will give no more than 60-65%. The option with a boiler and a gravity circuit is applicable even in two-storey houses where heating will work no worse than a full-fledged system. It will only require more of your time and attention.

Renewable thermal energy sources

Before starting to consider alternative options for heating a country house without gas, we will make a reservation that, unlike stoves and solid fuel boilers, none of the high-tech installations can work without electricity. As you review, you will understand why. Hence the conclusion: you need to start with the generation of electricity.

There are 2 ways to do this: wind power generators and solar panels. Wind power plant - perfect solution but not cheap. One of the solutions to the problem is to purchase a large windmill together, for several houses at once. More affordable way- buy a solar battery and batteries for the dark time of the day. To collaborate with sources direct current, which are solar generators, special circulation pumps are commercially available. When there is electricity, let's go directly to the devices that can provide heating without gas and electricity:

• solar collectors;
• heat pumps.

Solar collectors

Without going into structural details, a solar collector is a device consisting of many interconnected tubes through which water flows. Its heating occurs directly from the infrared radiation of the sun, after which the water is used for heating or for heating. DHW needs. But in order for the heating system to work without gas, the coolant must be moved through it using a pump, and it needs electricity.

There are only two drawbacks to the device, but both are significant. The collector cannot work at night, and is not able to accumulate much heat. Most powerful models have a storage capacity of 200-300 liters, which is enough for hot water supply, but not enough for heating. Because of this, you need to install a lot of devices or use this heat source as an auxiliary one, which makes it possible to save energy.

Heat pumps

The top of efficiency and environmental friendliness is a heat pump. The principle of its operation is the same as that of an air conditioner. The unit does not produce heat, it extracts it in one place and moves it to another - to your house. Theoretically, any substance whose temperature is higher absolute zero, has thermal energy. Heat pumps can take it from the air, earth, ground and surface water. To extract and transfer 10 kW of heat to the house, the unit consumes about 3 kW of electricity, traditional sources are very far from such indicators.

At the same time, these 3 kW of electricity need to be taken from somewhere. If solar batteries or a wind power plant are used for this purpose, then the considerable price of generators will be added to the significant cost of the pump. That is, it makes sense to install a heat pump in an electrified house. Now it is clear why these technologies are still inaccessible to a wide range of users.

So, if there is no gas, then you can heat the house with wood or coal. In such a situation, the first place is clearly occupied by a solid fuel boiler, followed by wood-burning stoves. A high-tech heat pump is not in such demand because of its high cost.

When starting to build a private house, you should decide in advance how the room will be heated. Many sites cannot be connected to gas. Therefore, their owners have to think about how to provide heating for a country house without gas.

wood heating

This type of heat supply system has not lost its relevance in the construction of a private country house. At the location country house often there is no pipeline. Buildings are located far from the gas pipeline. There is no way to connect to it. Therefore, wood-fired heating boilers remain relevant, and the installation of a wood-burning heating stove is a convenient way out of this situation.

The principle of operation of a wood-burning stove - heating without gas, is as follows: firewood is laid in the stove, set on fire, the stove equipment heats up, and the heat thus obtained begins to heat the room.

This type of heating is primitive, however, it is characterized by a number of significant advantages:

• fast heating wood stove;
• there is no need to install radiators and lay pipes.

Among the wide variety modern models boilers that are used to organize a wood-fired heating system, it is recommended to make a choice in favor of domestic-type pyrolysis boilers. These boilers are gas generators, operate on the principle of combustion of pyrolysis gases. Operates without the presence of electricity.

disadvantages

• large dimensions of the furnace installation;
• the presence of a constant required supply of firewood;
• the need for proper laying of the furnace, organization of smoke channels;
• danger of combustion products;
• uneven heating of the room.

Use of coal

Efficient heating without gas and wood can also be provided with coal. This method is typical for areas where there is no access to a gas main, and coal is easily accessible and in large quantities. Modern solid fuel boilers are available with a modernized design along with regulation sensors temperature regime, high efficiency and low emissions harmful substances.

Solid fuel boilers are characterized by a simple design. It is presented:

• a firebox where the process of burning coal takes place;
• a heat exchanger where coal is heated;
• grate.

Housing materials

The heating heat exchanger can be made of cast iron and steel. In accordance with this, solid fuel boilers are presented on the market in steel or cast iron. Steel boilers are inferior in cost to cast iron ones. Cast iron boilers do not have an expiration date. Breakdowns occur only due to improper operation or severe mechanical damage. Boilers on coal have their own characteristics. The system is completely non-volatile, profitable, because the boilers have a high heat output. Coal is convenient to store, use and transport.

solid fuel boiler

Its popularity is very high for the reason that such units are able to provide a sufficiently high level of heat in a private house at relatively low operating costs. Heating a cottage using such boilers makes it possible to achieve the highest level of safety for the life and health of family members.

An important factor is the low cost of using this equipment - it is possible to install solid fuel boilers in both commercial and residential facilities. The use of solid fuel boilers for heating country houses without gas is characterized by reliable and easy-to-use equipment, the service life of which is very long.

Oil boiler

Another way to organize heating of a private house without gas is to use liquid fuel boilers. Diesel oils are most often used as fuel, which is why such boilers are also called diesel.

Liquid fuel boiler device.

There are boilers operating on other liquid fuels, which include rapeseed oil, kerosene and other petroleum products. Depending on the design features, steam and hot water boilers, with the first models boasting easy installation and relatively small dimensions.

Among the main positive qualities of heating a house or a summer residence by means of liquid fuel boilers can be attributed a high level of environmental friendliness and safety. In addition, the installation of the boiler is not very difficult, because there is no need to obtain numerous certificates and permits.

The most important thing is the high rate useful action, which reaches a minimum of 92%. For this reason, such liquid fuel equipment can be used to heat both large and small buildings.

Pellet system

This heating system without gas appeared on the domestic market relatively recently, however, due to its numerous advantages, it has already managed to win a huge market share.

Speaking about the pellet heating system, it is worth highlighting such positive qualities as the possibility of heating a country house or a summer house using environmentally friendly and safe products. In addition, they can be stored almost anywhere in your home, as they do not have a bad effect on the human body and do not emit harmful substances. You should be aware that the installation of such a heating system will not require contacting special services or departmental commissions to obtain the necessary permission.

Electric heating

Increasingly popular in today's time is heating a cottage with such a coolant as electricity. The advantage is that this system heating is mounted quickly. This is convenient for workers and for the owners of the house or cottage. If you use a nightly, cheaper tariff, you will get a fairly economical solution for heating your home.

At present, there are a huge number of various kinds equipment to enable electrical energy for heating the cottage. The most popular are electric convectors, which can be installed in any room of your cottage.

Electric convectors

Heating convectors boast high power, as well as the ability to be mounted directly on the floor, which frees the room from the presence of these devices and increases free space in the room.

infrared panels

The leading position is occupied by electric infrared heating in a private dacha. The use of infrared panels allows you to raise the temperature in any room up to required level, moreover, such panels can function automatically, even if the owners are not at home at that time. Therefore, your house will always be heated and heated to the required temperature.

Thus, heating a house without the use of gas is due high level safety and environmental friendliness, as well as quite economical due to the capabilities of various heating equipment. If you need high-quality, reliable and safe heating, then your choice is alternative gasless heating.

Today, undoubtedly, the most affordable, efficient and economical option for heating residential buildings is gas water heating. For apartment buildings, in the private sector, in places where there is a centralized gas supply, gas is becoming the main type of fuel. However, when the heating season is in full swing, situations often arise when the allotted limits on gas consumption are quickly exhausted. What to do in such cases? How to save gas in a private house, thereby reducing heating costs? The only way out in such situations is to have auxiliary heat sources on hand.

What are the best heating alternatives to gas? How much something costs and what effect is achieved in this case is a problem with several unknowns that we have to solve.

There is no gas - we consider all possible methods of heating

Increased financial costs for heating a residential building during the cold period, excessive consumption of blue fuel, a common and well-known situation for many owners of private houses. Let's try together to find the best way out of this situation. The main condition, which is relevant in this case, is not inferior in its technological parameters to the gas water heating that is familiar to us.

Appreciating everything technical capabilities various options heating, let's take a closer look at each of them.

most trusted and old way heating of a residential building - stove heating. In rural areas, in the private sector, you can still find houses where a traditional stove stands, not just as an element of ethnic decor, but as important component home life. Combination ovens are mostly common, which play the role of a heat source and serve for cooking. The presence of a stove in the house will save gas, especially if there is an abundance of firewood and their quantity is not limited.

If such a stove is available in the house, the issue with an alternative option for heating the house has been resolved. Despite the existing shortcomings that are characteristic of stove heating. When the house is warm at a relatively low cost, few people pay attention to the soot and soot present in the room. The only aspect that remains in the attention - Fire safety furnace heating.

Important! The oven needs constant cleaning. Optimal Mode work depends on the condition of the chimney. Good draft avoids the accumulation of hazardous combustion products, and access fresh air guarantees an acceptable level of CO 2 in the room.

Other no less convenient option if there is no gas, use liquid fuel heating systems. The main type of fuel in this case is diesel fuel. Less common are boiler models that run on rapeseed oil or kerosene. Heating a private house in this case will be effective, given the high efficiency of liquid fuel boilers. Heating of residential premises with diesel fuel is used quite rarely. The reason for this is the complexity of storage large volumes diesel fuel and high fire hazard of such heating systems. And who will like the constant smell of diesel fuel in the house, the eternal dirt and soot.

To use solid fuel in cases where gas needs to be saved is the best option. In our country, neither firewood, nor coal, nor peat are outlandish, therefore it is convenient, rational and efficient to use them as fuel, from an economic point of view. We have already talked about a home stove, the option remains with the installation of solid fuel or universal boilers. The more profitable or coal, you decide. It all depends on the availability of each type of fuel in a particular region.

Modern technologies have stepped forward, providing consumers with wide choose models of equipment that, through the combustion of solid fuels, has a high heat transfer. Solid fuel pyrolysis boilers have a fairly high efficiency, about 80%, are equipped with automation, do not require the constant presence of a person and frequent fuel loading. solid fuel still the most cheap way heating. It is up to you to evaluate the existing disadvantages of such heating options, especially when there is a question of quick and efficient replacement of the missing gas.

combined, multi-fuel boilers, offered today by many firms and companies, have a high cost. Due to objective reasons, such equipment has not yet found its niche in the consumer market, given the financial capabilities of the population.

Important! Before you take up the calculator and make calculations without gas, you need to eliminate the confusion between volumes measured in cubic meters. meters and the mass of fuel, measured in kilograms. All types of fuel, except for electricity, are best measured in kilograms, since the calorific value of the fuel is related to weight.

Here it is appropriate to conduct an unbiased analysis of the efficiency of using different types of fuel. The above table will give you a visual idea of ​​what type of fuel is most efficient today, the cheaper it is to heat a house.

These tables allow you to make simple calculations yourself by substituting the current cost of fuel.

The cost of thermal energy obtained by using each type of fuel is calculated as follows:

We divide the approximate cost of fuel in your region by the specific calorific value of the fuel. We divide the data from the second column by the parameters indicated in the third column. In the fifth column we enter the data from the calculation:

• for heating a private house of 100m 2 during the heating season, 5 kW / h will be required;
• 24, the number of hours in a day;
• we take into account the duration of the heating period - 180 days (6 months).

As a result, we get: 5 x 24 x 180 = 21600 kW / h.

As can be seen from the table, the data for all types of fuel used in our homes are the same. This indicates approximately the same efficiency of the proposed heating options. The only amendment is possible when it comes to different sizes buildings. Household intensity of use plays a significant role heating appliances and thermal efficiency of a private house. The value of 5 kWh taken into account is typical for a well-insulated modern materials buildings. The duration of the heating period may also vary depending on the climate of the region.

We multiply the cost of 1 kWh of thermal energy in each individual case by the total number of kilowatt hours, we get the cost of each type of fuel. We divide the obtained figures by the theoretical value of the efficiency of equipment for burning each type of fuel, we get the actual efficiency parameters and the answer - the more profitable it is to heat buildings without gas.

Electricity is a worthy replacement for gas due to its absence

Economical, efficient heating of a private house, dacha should be more focused on maintaining the usual living conditions. The level of comfort determines the choice alternative way heating, besides, today technology gives wide opportunities for maneuver. To achieve gas savings in the cold season will allow the availability of electricity. Not surprisingly, many owners country houses And country cottages, due to the lack of technical possibilities for connecting to a gas main, they prefer electric heating systems.

Compared to other heating devices, electric heaters have almost 100% efficiency. A boiler powered by electricity is easy to maintain, inexpensive. In this case, the need for exhaust and chimney equipment is eliminated. Electricity is by far the most affordable alternative to gas heating in terms of efficiency and serviceability.

In addition to installing an electric boiler for a water heating system in a house, convectors are actively used to heat residential buildings of a small area, heat guns and infrared emitters. A fashionable phenomenon today is the equipment of underfloor heating in a private house. The technology is quite new, however, has already managed to prove its effectiveness. A variety of offered heat sources give you the opportunity to choose the best way to heat your home.

On a note: In the event that a warm floor is the main source of heating for residential premises for you, the power of the equipment should be 150-180 W per m 2 of living space. Underfloor heating should have an area of ​​at least 70-80% of total area the building itself. Otherwise, the expected heating effect will be negligible.

When heating a private house in other ways, you can achieve even higher economic indicators. Without gas, an economical and uninterrupted source of thermal energy on your site can be obtained using a heat pump. The principle of operation of the equipment is based on the temperature difference, in the depth of the soil and on the surface. With the help of a heat pump, which really costs a lot of money, you can provide yourself with an almost eternal source of heat in country house. The effectiveness of this system is confirmed by simple calculations. An indicator of the successful operation of a heat pump is the heat conversion coefficient (COP).

For instance. When the heat pump consumes 1 kW of electricity required to ensure the operation of the entire system (Ptn), the heat conversion coefficient (COP) is 3.0, which means:

Ртн x СОР = 3 kW Рp of energy at the output. Savings and efficiency of this method of heating is more than obvious.

An unequivocal answer to the question, it is more profitable to heat private house gas or other fuels does not exist. In each individual case, the presence of a variety of factors plays a role, among which the economic and technical capabilities of the consumer occupy not the last place.

Almost any fuel can be used instead of gas for heating. Another thing is how much you can fully heat your own house in cold weather, create for yourself comfortable conditions residence. Faced with similar situation- the choice is yours. How to save, make your heating costs optimal depends on you, on your attitude to the very fact of energy savings and technical capabilities.