Why do quince leaves turn yellow. Japanese quince: autumn care and processing of the crop. What are the beneficial properties of quince

When it comes to Japan, the first thing that comes to mind is pink cherry blossoms with delicate little petals. A similar miracle can be observed in our latitudes. Asian beauty - Japanese quince - a plant that, during flowering, turns the garden into the land of the rising sun. Graceful red-orange flowers and rich sweet aroma will not leave anyone indifferent.

But Japanese quince has not only beauty and alluring smell. Benefits and harms, healing properties and healthy recipes- it's all about the fruits. Behind long years fruit-bearing tree from China and Japan has spread throughout the world. Even in the conditions of a continental and temperate continental climate, the plant took root perfectly along with the usual apple trees and.

Description of the Japanese quince plant

An exotic tree has a truly amazing appearance. It is believed that the Japanese quince is green bush(pictured) or small tree, reaching from 1 to 3 meters in height. The branches of the plant are densely covered with emerald leaves and two-centimeter sharp spines at the shoot sites. Due to its flexibility and attractiveness, the tree is used to create hedges and decorate the garden.

Elastic, flexible branches in spring are covered with numerous flowers with five petals, which differ in color, depending on the variety. Most often, the plant decorates the garden with white, red-pink and red-orange small flowers, reaching 3-5 cm in diameter.

After the flowering period, light orange or yellow-greenish rounded fruits appear on the shrub. Outside, the fruits are covered with a light layer of natural wax, which protects against sudden changes in temperature and frost. The Japanese quince is 3-5 cm in diameter and weighs approximately 50 grams. A little less than half of the quince fruit (pictured below) is made up of large brown seeds located in the center.

Types and popular varieties of Japanese quince

Japanese quince belongs to the genus Henomeles, which has more than 500 varieties. In Russia, this list is much smaller, only about 15 representatives are resistant to severe winter frosts. But even these few varieties will decoratively enrich the garden or plot.

Japanese quince: how to use the fruits

The sweet and sour fleshy fruits of Chaenomeles are valued not only for their taste, although they are widely used in cooking. Marmalade, candied fruits and jam are prepared from exotic fruits, compotes are cooked, added to tea, used for making pilaf, pastries and desserts. Fibrous Japanese quince contains a lot of valuable useful substances, due to which it is actively used in cosmetology and for the treatment of many diseases. Cosmetics are made from the pulp and seeds, which normalize the functioning of the sebaceous glands, eliminate swelling and age-related changes in the skin, improve the color and condition of the skin of the face. Leaf decoctions are used to combat dandruff and gray hair. And the wood of the bush is used for the production of carved souvenirs.

We recommend watching a video that shows what can be done from quince fruits

Beneficial features

Japanese quince has valuable beneficial features, and, due to its bright saturated composition, has a beneficial effect on human health.

• Japanese quince fruits contain 182 mg of vitamin C, which is 2 times higher than the daily norm, providing an immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effect.
• A large amount of iron, about 70 mg per 100 grams of fruit, has a positive effect on the circulatory system and the general condition of the body.
• Potassium and magnesium nourish and support the work of the heart,
• Japanese quince accelerates metabolic processes, normalizes the conductivity of nervous and muscle tissue.
• The fruit is useful for poisoning and improves the condition for toxicosis.
• Tannins increase resistance to microorganisms.
• Juice has a slight diuretic effect, helps to remove excess fluid and cope with swelling.
• Fiber activates the intestines and cleanses the body of toxins and toxins.
• Regular consumption of fruits stimulates the restoration of liver cells and the genitourinary system.
• Decoctions are used for the general tone of the body.
• The infusion helps stop bleeding.

What diseases does Japanese quince help with?

All components of the fruit, from seeds to foliage, are good for health. It is recommended to use Japanese quince as the main and additional remedy.

• Astringent action helps to cope with inflammation of the digestive system, diarrhea and vomiting. The fruit has a choleretic effect and restores liver cells.
• Decoctions and fresh juice are used to eliminate cough and increase expectoration of sputum. They are also helpful in reducing the frequency of asthma attacks.
• The fruit is useful for anemia and frequent bleeding (including heavy menstruation in women). The increased content of iron contributes to the renewal and replenishment of lost blood cells.
• With colds and flu, sour fruit activates immune system, increases resistance to microbes, accelerates the healing process.

Use of seeds and leaves

There is an opinion that all fruits should be eaten whole with the peel and seeds. But this does not apply to most exotic fruits that appear on the shelves. Japanese quince, in this case, is no exception.

Fruit seeds are used to make decoctions, but they should never be crushed, chewed or eaten. The seeds contain the substance amygdalin, a source of deadly dangerous poison cyanide. It is also worth abandoning a fruit with a damaged core.

Decoctions are prepared from whole seeds, effective for the treatment inflammatory diseases lungs, skin rashes and hemorrhoids.

Infusions and decoctions of the leaves reduce blood sugar levels, normalize blood pressure. For their preparation, leaves collected in the first months of summer are recommended. By autumn, greens begin to store toxins derived from environment during the active growing season. The foliage is carefully plucked from the shrub and dried in the sun. Required amount leaves are poured hot water, boil over low heat, filter and use as directed.

Contraindications

Despite all the benefits that tart Japanese quince gives, this fruit has a number of prohibitions on eating.

• An acidic product should not be used for gastritis, peptic ulcers and increased acidity of the stomach. A high content of organic acids can provoke an exacerbation.
• The fruit is not recommended for people with chronic constipation due to its astringent and binding action.
• The peel can harm the vocal cords, temporarily reduce their elasticity. Therefore, such a delicacy is not desirable before a performance or broadcast for singers, announcers, presenters and people whose profession is related to the voice.
• The fruit is strictly prohibited for pleurisy and pneumonia.
• Japanese quince is the strongest allergen. People with allergies should use the fruit with caution in food.

Growing Japanese quince from seeds

If you decide to ennoble the site with such an amazing plant, you need to understand how Japanese quince grows in our climate. Growing a tree is possible in several ways:

1. seed propagation begins with the purchase of a ripe fruit and the extraction of seeds. The seeds go through a stratification process, after which the Japanese quince is planted in the ground. Landing is carried out at the end of October, immediately after the appearance of the first ice on the ground. When sowing seeds, even rows are delimited with a distance of 15 cm between future shrubs. The kernels are buried to a depth of about 2 cm and sprinkled with peat or humus. This is where active cultivation ends and plant care begins. In the first spring after planting, the first seedlings appear, which require regular watering, weeding and loosening the soil. In June, fertilizer and top dressing are applied to feed the plant. Already by the second year, the Japanese quince reaches 50-60 cm in height and begins to grow densely with lateral shoots.
2. Vegetative reproduction involves the use of ready-made cuttings (parts of the stem with foliage) and has its own growing characteristics. In June, cuttings are planted in cool greenhouses, moisturizing and shading the sunlight as much as possible. In the second spring, Japanese quince seedlings are moved to permanent place in the garden. It is better to immediately select the territory and prepare the landing pits. It is worth paying attention to places with large snowdrifts. Frosty winter a layer of snow will protect branches with buds from freezing.

Pits for planting must be made in advance: dig a hole 0.4 * 0.5 * 0.5 and apply organic fertilizers suitable for bushy fruit-bearing plants.

It should be noted that for all stages of cultivation, an approximate time period is given. For example, in the Urals, in a cool region, landing and departure will begin later than in the Moscow region. It is better to focus on the climate of a particular region and the condition of plants.

A special approach is needed when choosing a landing site. The shrub successfully takes root on any type of soil, but is very demanding on watering, soil acidity and sunshine. The Japanese quince does not tolerate hard calcareous soil and needs regular watering. If the groundwater line comes close to the ground, landing pit spread with a drainage layer to avoid wetting and rotting of the root system. An exotic plant begins to bear fruit at 4-5 years. At maximum sunlight young trees bloom more readily and produce much more fruit. But it is better to protect them from wind currents.

One of the most important care procedures is shaping pruning in early spring, before buds appear. The bush is freed from lying on the ground and old branches, more than 5 years old, and form a crown. Pruning quince in autumn can cause the bush to freeze. Also, to avoid frostbite and susceptibility to infections, it is recommended to cover the trunk and branches with fallen leaves.

Aphids are the most dangerous pest for Japanese quince. Affected trees must be treated protective agent, for example "Tanrek" or "Fitoverm".

Dampness is favorable for the appearance of fungi that deform and spoil the leaves. Natural safe remedy - decoction onion peel save the plant from disease.

At first glance, it may seem that growing Japanese quince at home is a long and painstaking process. In fact, most of the effort lies in the first stages, when the young tree is just getting used to the new soil. At favorable conditions, japanese bush will not keep you waiting. Your garden will be adorned with bright flowers and filled with sweet scents. And after a few years, you can treat yourself to healthy fruits and make delicious tart jam.

Japanese quince: autumn care and harvest processing Japanese quince, or chaenomeles (Chaenomeles japonica), is a perennial shrub, one of the most elegant and productive plants that adorn the plots. Japanese quince is unpretentious, decorative, easily and quickly multiplies. Chaenomeles can be called a long-liver. In good conditions, he lives 60 - 80 years. It is difficult to say how many chaenomeles bushes grow in our area. I can only say with certainty that there are a lot of them. Feelings of tightness and thickening do not occur, since the Japanese quince bushes are grouped into a long hedge and a three-meter line that acts as a screen. I am often asked how much money did you have to pay for such a luxury? Many have seen and remember the price tags on chaenomeles seedlings, which are sold in nurseries and garden centers. In response, I hold out a few fruits of chaenomeles, from the seeds of which it is not at all difficult to grow a large number of shrubs. The fragrant tissue of the fruit can be used instead of lemon, prepared with sugar for the winter, dried or made into jam. Japanese quince is incredibly beautiful at any time of the year. During the flowering period, from mid-May, there are so many orange and coral-red flowers that from a distance the bush seems to be blazing. In summer, you can "play" with the shape of the bushes. In autumn, chaenomeles is strewn with lemon fruits, which must be harvested before the autumn frosts. Autumn is an important period in the life of the Japanese quince, on which not only its winter hardiness depends, but also the condition of the plant and its decorative effect. (More interesting: http://ogorodko.ru) Japanese quince care in autumn. Chaenomeles is unpretentious. However, many complain that they fail to grow healthy bushes. Such that they do not have dry branches, were beautiful shape, bloomed and fruited profusely. As a rule, this is a consequence of not only the wrong choice of landing site, care errors, but also an inattentive attitude to chaenomeles in the autumn. Pruning chaenomeles. At the end of the summer, I walk along a Japanese quince hedge with a pruner and garden shears in my hands. They are needed in order to correct an even line of bushes planted in a row. It is necessary to remove all dried, broken and old branches, which are easily distinguished by the darkened bark. I do not need and protruding to the side and too long shoots. Chaenomeles tolerates pruning painlessly. Closer to autumn, tillering slows down, so the plant retains its shape longer. second autumn pruning I spend after all the "apples" are collected. You can't leave them for the winter. It is more convenient to care for Japanese quince in tight gloves, since the branches of most species have thorns. Japanese quince is a plant that can even be used to create bonsai. I saw a wonderful composition of flowering chaenomeles, turned into a dwarf tree, moss and stones. Watering and feeding. On the eve of strong nighttime autumn frosts, it is desirable to moisten the soil under young bushes. After picking the fruit, I wash off the dust from the leaves accumulated over the summer with a strong jet. The last watering falls on the end of October - November (depending on the weather). It must be done before the cold pre-winter sets in. In September, I feed Japanese quince with potassium-phosphorus fertilizers. Along the way, I loosen the soil under the bushes and add well-decomposed compost. Warming for the winter. The unpretentiousness of the Japanese quince increases with age. Young plants are less resistant than adults. I remember how carefully I mulched the soil under the young bushes. She covered them with spruce branches, covered them with snow. And they still managed to freeze the tips of the branches. Less hassle with older bushes. They have already built up a solid root system, a guarantee of their recovery. If only a few chaenomeles bushes grow on the site, and there is little snow in winter, then before the start of winter, it is advisable for tall forms to bend all flexible branches to the ground. No need to be afraid that some of the shoots will freeze. They are cut out in the spring during thinning and the formation of chaenomeles. Soon a young shoot appears, thanks to which the plant quickly recovers. Low-growing and creeping forms often have a prostrate arrangement of most branches, so even a small layer of snow completely covers the bush. An overgrown Japanese quince, caught under the snow, even endures very coldy. The more snowdrift, the better. They say that young bushes of Japanese quince are a delicacy for hares. Therefore, where they are, it is better to cover the henomeles with spruce branches. (More interesting: http://ogorodko.ru) Reproduction of chaenomeles. Japanese quince is propagated by root offspring, layering, cuttings (summer), dividing the bush and seeds. The lower branch, accidentally sprinkled with earth, takes root and gives vertical shoots. In place of the dug out adult bush, from the roots remaining in the ground, there will be long time young shoots appear. I have always liked Japanese quince. The decision to make a hedge out of it wonderful plant appeared after I saw how easy and fast chaenomeles reproduces. Winter sowing of seeds from several fruits is already on next year gave many seedlings. A year later, I had excellent planting material, which was enough to lay a hedge. It remained to transplant seedlings from the garden to a permanent place. Of course, valuable forms of quince (with double flowers, rare color, etc.) have to be propagated vegetatively (by summer cuttings, root offspring, layering or dividing the bush). Freshly harvested seeds are sown in autumn, stratified seeds are sown in spring. Japanese quince recipes. Genomeles is the champion in the amount of vitamin C and organic acids. It is often called northern lemon. Lemon or greenish-reddish fruits may be round, ribbed, oval or pear-shaped. Preparations of Japanese quince for the winter retain its wonderful aroma and vitamins. In addition, the fruits are rich in pectin. After you have eaten any Japanese quince preparation, be sure to rinse your mouth with clean water or brush your teeth. This preventive measure will not allow acid to corrode tooth enamel. The tissue of the fetus is very dense and hard. Not only that, it's incredibly sour. It is impossible to eat a raw "apple". Slices placed in brewing tea give the drink a lemon flavor. Useful and tasty are preparations for the winter: compotes, syrups, jams, marmalades, jams and crushed fruits mixed with granulated sugar. Japanese quince seeds. The seeds are not thrown away. Infusion of Japanese quince seeds helps with colitis. For this, a spoonful of seeds is poured with boiling water, kept for 8-10 hours and drunk during the day (3-4 times) in a third of a glass. With this infusion, the eyes are washed (for infections and irritations) and the “problem” skin is wiped. Japanese quince with sugar. Finely crushed ripe fruits with sugar are an excellent source of vitamin C in winter time. The mass or syrup can be diluted with water and drink a healthy refreshing drink. Sweet and sour mixture is added to cottage cheese, spread on pancakes or slices of white bread. Fruits (pitted), cut into larger pieces and sprinkled with sugar, have a sweet and sour taste. They can be added to tea instead of lemon. The amount of sugar is about 1.5 kg of granulated sugar per 1 kg of prepared fruits. When stored in the refrigerator, the amount of sugar can be reduced to 1 kg. Preservation allows you to use even less sugar. Japanese quince juice. If you pour crushed chaenomeles fruits with sugar (taken in the proportion of 1 part of crushed pitted fruits per 1 kg of granulated sugar), then after two weeks sweet juice will begin to stand out. It is drained and used as a concentrate for a vitamin drink. It is better to keep chaenomeles juice-syrup in the refrigerator. Japanese quince jam. You will need: 1 kg of peeled fruits, 1.5 kg of sugar and 1.5 glasses of water. The fruits of the Japanese quince are washed, cleaned of stones and hard films, and then cut into thin slices. They are boiled in water for 10 minutes. The broth is used to make syrup, which is poured into slices and kept for several hours. Then boiled in one or more steps (5 minutes boiled, then left for 4-5 hours). As a result of cooking, the slices become almost transparent. Fragrant sweet and sour jam from Japanese quince turns golden-pink. It is cooled and covered with paper. It can be poured hot (“from the fire”) into clean jars and rolled up with lids. Spices are sometimes added to chaenomeles jam ( nutmeg, cardamom, cinnamon, etc.). You can cook with apples or with chokeberry (chokeberry). A gourmet will love Japanese quince jam with nuts. But you should not replace sugar with honey, since honey becomes “poison” when heated strongly. Candied Japanese quince. Candied fruits from Japanese quince are tasty if the fruits, cut into pieces, are boiled like jam, but always in several doses. Each time you need to stand longer, at least 10 hours. The amount of water is therefore increased to 3 glasses. At the end of cooking, the slices are thrown back on a sieve, and then dried. The syrup is used for dilution with water. Japanese quince marmalade. This delicacy, rich in pectins, is prepared as follows: the washed fruits are cleaned of stones and hard plates, boiled (better baked in the oven) until soft, then crushed with a blender or rubbed through a sieve. Sugar is added (1.3 kg of granulated sugar is taken per 1 kg of mass) and boiled over low heat until the mass becomes viscous. All this time they do not leave the stove, because. cooking marmalade burns easily. As soon as the mass becomes viscous, it is laid out on a baking sheet moistened with water or a flat plate. After a while, when the marmalade has cooled, it is cut into pieces and sprinkled with powdered sugar on top. Japanese quince compote. Many people like this particular option for harvesting chaenomeles fruits for the winter. Prepared fruits are cut into slices (or pieces of arbitrary size), placed in clean glass jars and topped with hot syrup. It is prepared from the calculation: for 1 liter of water you need at least 0.5 kg of sugar. After pasteurization (20 minutes for liter cans) jars are rolled up using lids designed for sour fruits. My friends summer residents do without additional sterilization of compote. (More interesting: http://ogorodko.ru) They pour boiling compote into jars, after which they are rolled up and wrapped in a blanket until they cool. Dried fruits of chaenomeles. Dried fruits, cut into thin slices, are brewed in a thermos in winter along with rose hips and hawthorn. During a flu epidemic or with a cold, be sure to add dried blackberry leaves to them. Japanese quince is used to make liqueurs, liqueurs and liqueurs. They insist on vodka. Japanese quince juice can be added to vodka and insisted for a couple of weeks.

Japanese quince is not the most common crop on household plots Russian gardeners. So far, in most cases, it is planted in order to acquire something that the neighbors do not have. Meanwhile, it's beautiful and unpretentious plant, without a doubt, deserves more popularity. It can be used both as an ornamental and as a fruit crop. Growing and caring for quince will not take much of the gardener's time.

Japanese quince: is it still quince or not?

Infrequently, there is such confusion with the names of plants, as with quinoa, she is also chaenomeles. Until the beginning of the 19th century, both common and Japanese quince were part of the genus Pyrus japonica (Japanese pear) of the Rosaceae family. But in 1822, the English systematizer biologist Lindley identified the Japanese quince as a separate genus Chaenomeles, or chaenomeles in Russian transcription.

Quince, on the other hand, began to belong to the genus Cydonia, after the name of the ancient city of Sidonia on the island of Crete, where this plant has been cultivated since time immemorial. It would seem that in this case it is logical to call it quince. But somehow it did not take root, but this name stuck tightly to the Japanese quince. Of course with scientific point vision, she is a chaenomeles, but somehow this word sounds “rough” to the Russian ear.

"Classic quince" - it would be more correct to call it, and not quince, henomeles

Japan in the name of the plant is no coincidence, because it was from there, however, as well as from China and Korea that this shrub came to Europe. Another reason is also possible - the ineradicable love of the Japanese for miniature forms, because apples of quince are incomparably smaller than the fruits of cultivated quince. In Russia and the countries of the former USSR, the name northern or Latvian lemon is also found, since it was in this Baltic country that even in Soviet time its mass cultivation was organized, however, quite by accident.

Description of culture

Quince is grown as a shrub or tree from 0.5 to 3 meters high and is used as a fruit or ornamental crop. The branches are arched, oblique, covered with often arranged dark green leaves with a glossy surface and carved edges. The shoots of most varieties have thorns up to 2 cm long, although there are varieties without thorns.

Of particular note is how impressive and original it looks flowering plant. The buds open before the leaves appear. The flowers last long enough, 2-4 weeks, blooming alternately. Depending on the variety, flowering time varies from early April to mid-May.

The flowers are quite large 2-4 cm in diameter, simple and double. Petals can be orange, red, crimson, pink, white. The flowers are arranged randomly on the branches and this brings a special flavor. Quidonia can become the dominant center of the composition with the participation of flowering shrubs (for example, forsythia) and primroses at the same time.

The corner of the garden where this plant is planted acquires during the flowering period holiday look. In terms of the number of hybrids created by breeders around the world, the Japanese quince is second only to the recognized queen of flowers - the rose. But not only the beauty of flowering sweet quince gardeners. Its fragrant fruits (medium-sized, usually yellow color, with a wax surface) also not immediately, but still they liked it.

Photo gallery: what quince looks like

The petals of quince flowers are painted in saturated, bright colours- this is exactly what is missing after long winter The flowers tightly cling to the branch, settling randomly on it. The quince bush will fit perfectly into the composition of the plants that bloom at the same time decorating the site. The fruits of the quince are rather unusual in taste, but very useful.

Video: flowering Japanese quince

A little about the geography of distribution of Japanese quince

By modern classification there are 4 main types of chaenomeles, but for conditions middle lane In Russia (south of the border of Petrozavodsk - Yekaterinburg - Omsk - Novosibirsk - Irkutsk - Khabarovsk), it is preferable to choose varieties from two types: Japanese low quince (Mauleya) and Japanese high quince, which is also excellent or beautiful. These varieties include, for example, the following: Crimson and Gold, Elly Mossel, Nicolini, Pink Lady, Sargenta.

Quince Japanese low is less thermophilic than its "relatives", but does not lose them in the least in showiness and decorative effect

There are varieties of stunning beauty related to the beautiful quince species (Yukigoten, Geisha Girl and others). They really look amazing during flowering, but not as winter hardy. Although with proper care and shelter for the winter, there is certainly a chance to grow them in the Moscow region. Again, pay attention to the epithets: “excellent”, “beautiful”, and there is also “magnificent”! It seems that when you see flowering bush the beauty described here, scientists forgot the dry “jargon” of systematization and switched to the language of poets.

Many very beautiful varieties quidonia, unfortunately, are not suitable for growing in most of the territory of Russia due to insufficient winter hardiness

Table: Japanese quince varieties suitable for cultivation in central Russia

Photo gallery: popular varieties of quince

The bright scarlet flowers of the Crimson and Gold variety look very impressive.
Japanese quince Crimson and Gold not only blooms beautifully, but also bears abundant fruit The Sargenta hybrid has an unusual, peach or salmon color of the petals The fruits of the Sargenta variety are somewhat uneven The Elly Mossel variety blooms somewhat less abundantly than other hybrids, but its fruits are very large The Nicoline hybrid has very large double flowers From a distance, Nicoline quince fruit can be easily mistaken for apples The Japanese quince Pink Lady has a very delicate shade of petals, causing inevitable associations with sakura
The fruits of Pink Lady look rather unusual.

Advantages and disadvantages of the plant

The main advantage of the plant is its incomparable appearance during flowering. Also, the undoubted advantages include:

• fragrant and healthy fruits;
• the possibility of a wide and varied use of the plant in landscape design;
• exceptional unpretentiousness of culture;
• high resistance to diseases and rare attacks from pests.

The disadvantages can rather be called the features of the plant:

• frequent sharp spines on shoots;
• tendency to thicken quickly;
• insufficient winter hardiness.

However, pricklyness turns into dignity when using quidonia in a hedge, thickening is easy to avoid by regularly devoting time to pruning the plant, and frozen bushes, like a Phoenix bird, are reborn to life again.

Features of planting and propagation of quinoa

For better survival of the plant, planting is best done with one-two-year-old seedlings or seedlings. This guarantees the preservation of the varietal qualities of the original plant. Optimal time- from April to May for central Russia and autumn for the southern regions.

Since quince requires cross-pollination, it is advisable to plant 2-3 plants at once.

Determine in advance on site appropriate place, well warmed by the sun, closed to drafts. Quidonia is not very picky about the soil, but prefers slightly acidic or neutral (pH in the range of 5-6.5). Such a substrate is typical for many garden plots. Be sure to clean the proposed planting site from weeds, especially from creeping couch grass, which also prefers slightly acidic soils.

Planting quince in the ground is a simple procedure

It must be borne in mind that if for some reason you want to transplant to another place mature plant, then this will be problematic. The Japanese quince has a well developed root system with a long central root and she endures the procedure very painfully.

The landing itself in the ground and preparation for it looks like this:

1. A 40x40x40 cm hole is dug or, if it is planned to make a hedge or border, a trench of the appropriate length. The fertile layer of the earth is deposited separately. If close ground water, then they go deeper into the soil by another 20 cm and drainage is poured onto the bottom: expanded clay, crushed stone, broken brick, coarse sand. The pit is prepared 2-3 weeks before the intended landing.
2. Mixed extracted fertile land(upper 15–20 cm), a bucket of humus or dry manure, 0.5 kg of wood ash and 150 g of double superphosphate. Everything is thoroughly mixed.
3. The mixture is poured into the pit and compacted.
4. Damaged roots of seedlings are cut off.
5. In the center of the prepared hole, a recess is made in accordance with the size of the root system. Planting depth depends on the type of seedling. If it is seed or vegetatively propagated, the same level of immersion in the soil must be maintained. When a scion is planted, it is necessary to deepen the seedling by 15–20 cm so that it takes its own roots.
6. The pit is carefully covered with earth, which must be well tamped to eliminate voids at the roots. Followed by watering and mulching.
7. The seedling is cut to a height of 15–20 cm.

reproduction

Quince reproduces quite easily: by seeds, cuttings, vegetative layering, dividing the bush, through grafting onto a stock. Some features of each method:

1. Reproduction by seeds. planting material taken only from fully ripe fruits. Stratification is required. Seeds are planted directly in the ground before winter, or you can pre-hold them in wet sand at a temperature of 0-3ºС for at least 2-3 months. Cold-stratified seeds are planted in the soil in early spring. Germination may be low, so it is better to prepare them more. Quince fruits contain a lot of seeds, so there should be no problems with planting material. This reproduction does not preserve generic signs mother plant.
2. Propagation by cuttings. Planting material - tops of annual shoots with 2-3 internodes. Sections are treated with Kornevin or another biostimulant and placed in a mixture of peat and sand (1: 2). At the same time, the cuttings are tilted by about 45º. It is advisable to put the containers in a small greenhouse and regularly spray the substrate to create high humidity.
3. Propagation by vegetative cuttings. The easiest way. In spring, a 1–2-year-old lateral stem is dug in. By autumn, as a rule, root suckers appear. Next, the stem is cut off from the parent bush and planted in a new place, as described above.
4. The division of the bush. There is one significant drawback: the excavated part slowly takes root in a new place.
5. Grafting cuttings. Most fast way reproduction of chaenomeles. It consists in grafting a cutting with 2–3 buds onto a stock, which can be used as a pear, mountain ash, shadberry and hawthorn. Hybrids quickly start growing, often the first flowering is observed already in the year of vaccination.

For those who like to experiment in their garden with plant grafting, we add that there is experience in using Japanese quince as a rootstock for pears. The hybrid turns out to be more winter-hardy, early-growing, compact. The intergrowth of the scion with the stock is good.

plant care

Caring for quince is extremely simple. Those who have at least minimal experience in growing any other fruit or berry trees, cope with Japanese quince.

pruning

In the first years of the plant's life, only sanitary pruning is carried out. It consists in removing broken, diseased, weak and crossing branches.

Next comes the turn of the forming trim. It has long been known from the experience of growing quidonia that 3–4-year-old shoots are the most productive in it, therefore, when the bush reaches the age of 5 years, old branches begin to be removed. Shoots each year should be left no more than 2-4 pieces.

Simple arithmetic suggests that an optimally formed bush should contain 10-15 shoots. different ages(1–4 years). When using quinoa in landscaping for hedges or borders, bushes are given an appropriate external shape. The Japanese quince perfectly, no worse than hawthorn, tolerates pruning, so it will not affect the well-being of the plant in any way, it will even begin to branch even more intensively. It is important here not to allow excessive thickening.

The quince hedge looks elegant and unusual

Watering

Watering quince loves moderate, but suffers greatly from prolonged drought. Therefore, you should not water it at all if it falls in the summer. average rate precipitation. Irrigation of the near-stem circle is necessary only if the summer is sunny and hot.

fertilizers

In the spring, before flowering, urea is added at the rate of 25 g / m 2, once every two years in the fall when digging (on the same area) - 4–6 kg of manure or compost, 25 g of double superphosphate and the same amount of potassium sulfate.

Shelter for the winter

If the size of the bush allows you to bend the branches to the ground, then in late autumn it is worth doing this and fixing them in this state in any reasonable way, covering them with any air-permeable material, and in winter heat more snow on the bush. In early spring shoots are freed from oppression.

IN harsh winters Japanese quince with a high probability can still freeze slightly, but, what is valuable, it is subsequently restored. You can help her in this if in the spring, before flowering, pour several buckets of warm water under the plant 2-3 times.

Diseases and pests

Diseases and pests for the most part bypass quince. But this does not mean that, in principle, it is not affected by fungi, viruses, bacteria and is not attacked by insects. Therefore, you still need to know how to identify the problem and what to do to deal with it.

Table: possible diseases of Japanese quince and ways to deal with them

Photo gallery: what diseases can quinoa suffer from

Table: possible pests of Japanese quince and ways to deal with them

Collection and use of the crop

"Apples" of quince ripen in autumn, in September-October. The fruits are small, weighing up to 50 g; fully ripe Japanese quince has a yellow color and dark seeds. The harvest is small: in very successful years up to 3–5 kg (depending on the size of the bush), on average about 1–2 kg.

Japanese quince should not be stored for a long time, especially if you had to collect it not fully ripe. Fruits in a couple of weeks may begin to wrinkle, it is better to put them into processing immediately. Fresh fruit is not eaten - it is very sour. But after all, we don’t eat lemons like apples, the same with the “apples” of Japanese quince. Its use is similar to lemon. Only, in the opinion of many gourmets, quince surpasses it in a variety of taste and aroma. It is also important that citrus does not grow in our gardens, but quinoa - easily!

Quince brings not only aesthetic pleasure, its fruits are very useful

It is a record holder among plants in terms of vitamin C content, and it also contains a whole set of microelements, B vitamins - this is the prevention and treatment of many diseases. Japanese quince can be dried for the winter, it can be added to jam from apples, mountain ash, shadberry. Its main use is preservation with sugar in a ratio of 1: 1 - just pour the pulp, peeled and crushed into puree, then mix and wait until the crystals are completely dissolved. Tea with the addition of the resulting composition acquires a very interesting taste and aroma. Having tried it once, you will most likely forget about the lemon.

Video: Japanese quince blanks

Family - rosaceae . Homeland - Japan and China.

Nice ornamental shrub with glossy dark green leaves. Quince branches with hard spines. Red - pink or white flowers - large, up to 2,5 cm in diameter, single or collected in small brushes. They bloom before the leaves and bloom 25-30 days. Fruits of medium size ripen in October.

For rooms winter gardens, offices.

Accommodation. Japanese quince prefers light sunny place from high humidity air. In summer, the plant is recommended to be taken out into the air, and in winter to be installed in a cool room with a temperature of at least 2-5 ° C.

Care. During the period of growth and development of the plant (April - September), regular watering with lime-free water and top dressing with fertilizers, preferably azalea (acid), are necessary. In winter, watering is reduced, but controlled so that the soil ball does not dry out. young plant at the age of 5 years are transplanted annually, later - once a 3-4 of the year. Quince blooms on last year's growth, so in the summer after flowering is over, pruning is carried out and old branches are removed.

PestsAnddisease. The main pests are scale insects, spider mites. The plant sheds leaves if the soil is waterlogged.

reproduction. Seeds, green cuttings and root suckers. When propagating by cuttings, it is necessary to warm the soil up to 23-25 ​​°С.

Advice. The fruits of Japanese quince are lemon yellow, very fragrant, you can make delicious jam from them.

Japanese quince is a popular plant among gardeners. She is loved for her unpretentiousness in care and beautiful appearance. They are mainly used not for obtaining fruits, but for decorating the site. culture can be subject to various diseases, having figured out why the Japanese quince does not bloom and taking action, you can save the crop, and sometimes the whole tree.

Description of culture

Quince ordinary, or oblong, is fruit tree belonging to the Rosaceae family. The well-known apple and pear trees belong to the same family. When it starts to bloom, it looks very impressive. Quince fruits contain many useful substances. They are a false apple with five multi-seeded nests. The shape of the fruit depends on the variety of quince - they can be in the form of a ball or pear, but always with smooth surface ripe and firm. Wild quince bears fruits up to 3 cm in size, but garden forms fruits reach 20 cm in diameter. Despite its hardness, the pulp has strong aroma and a sweet, slightly astringent taste.

Quince is considered a heat-loving crop, however, it grows in the Scandinavian countries. This means that it can be grown in the conditions of central Russia. In the southern regions, quince is a low tree with a spreading crown. The branches may even touch the ground. In the northern regions, quince looks like a shrub.

quince fruit

Quince diseases and ways to deal with them

Quince, like any garden culture susceptible to various diseases. One of the typical symptoms of quince disease is dry leaves. This symptom is inherent in a number of diseases. It also often happens that a tree does not bloom or blooms, but at the same time does not bear fruit, or the leaves on the quince suddenly dry up.

The most unpleasant development of events will be the defeat of the quince various forms cancer. In this case, the bark bursts and falls off. The tree can no longer be saved, it will have to be destroyed. If everything is in order with the bark, it is necessary to look for the cause and begin treatment.

The most common quince diseases of a fungal and viral nature, in which the leaves can dry out:

• Brownishness (brown spotting).

Brown spotting of quince

The causative agent is the fungus Entomosporium maculatum Lev. f. maculata (Lev.) Atk. A large number of small, merging spots appear on the leaves. On their upper side, black pads are formed containing fungal spores. Diseased leaves should dry up and fall off.

Important! The infection does not disappear and remains in the removed remains, which are best burned.

Control measures include collection and destruction of diseased plant parts, pruning just beginning to dry twigs. Agrotechnics for the cultivation of this plant must be observed. Quince spraying is also used in spring and after flowering with a Bordeaux mixture with a concentration of 1% or analogues - HOM, Abiga-Peak.

• Folicous spotting.

Caused by the fungus Phyllosticta cydoniae (Desm.) Sacc. and the fungus Phyllosticta velata Bub. In the first case, the quince leaf is covered with brown spots that have a rounded or irregular shape. Then the fruiting bodies of the fungus appear on them in the form of black blotches. In the second variant on rounded brown spots there is a reddish border. The fruiting bodies are also black.

As time passes the affected leaf tissue dries up and crumbles, forming holes. Leaves turn yellow and fall off. The treatment is the same as for brown spotting: Bordeaux liquid or its analogues.

• Tomato ring spot virus.

This disease is often found on quince. It manifests itself as chlorosis, leaf wrinkling, ring spotting, jaundice, necrotic spotting. The main symptom of this disease is alternating light and dark areas of green. The virus infects many plant species and spreads with the nematode as well as plant sap. Sometimes infection through seeds is possible.

Methods to combat the virus include the timely removal of the affected parts of the plant. They must be burned. garden tools after working on infected plants, it is required to disinfect in alcohol, cologne, or potassium permanganate.

Important! Parts of diseased trees are not used for propagation or grafting.

Spraying against sucking insects such as thrips will also help. You can use drugs: Aktara, Kemifos, Inta-Vir, Fitoferm.

• Chlorosis.

Aktara packaging

Leaves that lighten in the first half of summer speak of the development of the disease. The color fades until the leaf turns yellowish white. Due to the defeat of foliage by chlorosis, the entire plant is deficient nutrients, weakens and dries, the leaves begin to fade. Ultimately, this affects the yield.

Control measures are to eliminate the cause of the disease. They can be as follows: lack or excess of moisture, a decrease in the amount of nutrients in the soil, too much or too little fertilizer. From this it becomes clear that when caring for fruit crop it is important to observe the measure in all agrotechnical activities.

In addition to diseases affecting the leaves, there are also a number of others:

• Moniliosis.

A fungal disease that occurs due to high humidity. The fruits of the plant suffer. What to do if quince sheds fruit - will help blue vitriol, Bordeaux mixture or modern preparations Teldor and Rovral.

• Leaf roughness.

What is recommended to do if quince blooms but does not bear fruit? Most likely, we are talking about a disease called leaf brownness. The plant looks healthy, may even bloom, but then the flowers fall off. Also, the disease can be manifested by the fact that the ends of young branches dry in quince, the leaves dry. In some cases, the fruits appear, but then fall off.

For treatment, you need to get rid of the infected shoots, and then treat the quince with Oxychoma or the like.

• Powdery mildew.

Powdery mildew on quince

A fairly common disease, one of the reasons why the leaves of Japanese quince turn yellow. It appears as a reddish bloom at the ends of the branches, which turns into a film with a sufficiently high density with the fruiting bodies of the pathogen fungus in this place. With this disease, the shoots dry and do not grow, the leaves turn yellow, the plant dries slowly.

Fungicides that are used to treat the disease will help to cope with the disease.

Quince pests

The quince is also exposed to the invasion of various harmful insects. Their danger is that rapidly multiplying, they are able to destroy the plant.

The most common are:

• Leafminating moth.

This is a common name for a species of leaf-destroying moth. They become very light, and then crumble. The plant weakens, yield and resistance to harsh climatic conditions decrease.

Get rid of the pest using "Fundazol". It is also recommended to keep the trunk circle clean.

• Fruit mite.

These include brown and red ticks, which can significantly spoil the plants in the garden. They suck juices from young shoots and buds, preventing them from developing. A culture affected by a tick secretes sticky drops of juice, and the presence of a tick is judged on this basis. You can fight it by using different modern facilities against pests.

With proper care and observance of the required rules of agricultural technology, quince will rarely be exposed to diseases and pest attacks. Do not forget about other plants in the garden, they can be carriers.