The peony did not rise. If you bought peonies in the spring .... Peony does not bloom

Why you can't miss this event

Grooves humus or compost at the rate of 40-50 kg per tree.

You can apply fertilizer solutions directly to the root zone by pouring into holes located along the edge of the crown.

Nutrients needed by fruit trees

These include nitrogen-containing sweeteners: potassium sulfate, ammonium sulfate, as well as microfertilizers.

How to properly fertilize

When choosing a mineral supplement, proceed from what type of soil you have on suburban area. It is advisable to give the tree those elements that it cannot take in sufficient quantities from the ground. If the soil is sandy, and accordingly there is little nitrogen in it, it would be most rational to fertilize it with nitrogen-containing fertilizers.

At other times, top dressing will not only not give the expected results, but may also be harmful. For example, by “pumping” the soil with organic fertilizers at the time of pouring apples, it is quite possible to get fruits enriched not with vitamins, but with a bunch of nitrites.

When stone fruit trees - cherries, plums, apricots and others - enter the fruiting season, up to 10 kg of manure or compost, 20-25 g of urea, 60 g of simple or 30 g of double superphosphate and 200 g of wood ash should be applied per square meter.

It is best to do this in a layer deeper than the hole, under a tree or bush. It is also important that fertilizers are immediately laid in large quantities, with the expectation of several years. Fertilizing trees and shrubs with phosphorus in spring is important only for young trees, as it stimulates them. fast growth.

May - the time of active ovary and fruit growth

Another effective top dressing of trees and shrubs in the spring is urea (urea). This fertilizer is highly concentrated and very effective in increasing yields. It can be applied directly under the rhizomes fruit bushes and trees at the time of loosening the soil or through watering, if using liquid form concentrate.
Starting from the fifth year of life, plants enter a period of active fruiting, and therefore, the requirements for top dressing change. Now the trees are fed with a complete mineral fertilizer. One square meter of area consumes 15 g of nitrogen, 8 g of phosphorus and 12 g of potassium. These substances are brought under the snow. A little later, the turn of organic fertilizers comes, once every 2 years about 6 kg of manure is applied per square meter trunk circle. After the end of flowering, when the ovary growing phase begins, dry crushed bird droppings are excellent. About 0.3 kg of such a powder is scattered per 1 m2 of the near-stem circle. Falling asleep with manure can be completely replaced by the addition of slurry. To do this, take one liter of solution per square meter of soil surface. Minerals are required to be applied annually.

Types of fruit trees

There are many of them in our garden plots, and each reacts in its own way to any type of fertilizer. That is why tree feeding in the spring should be carried out individually. Fertilizer fruit trees- this is the key to a rich harvest, so you can not forget about it. Apple trees respond well to such events. Im to grow fragrant fruits, you need a huge amount of nutrients. It is equally useful to apply organic fertilizers to the soil where pears and plums grow.

Spring is a hot season for gardeners. One of the important things is the spring feeding of fruit trees. The soils of garden plots are very different in their mineral composition and structure. Yes and different types fruit trees put forward their own requirements for normal growth and fruiting, not every soil can provide them with everything they need. That is why it is very important to properly and thoughtfully carry out top dressing on garden plot. Fruit trees especially need them in the spring, when they are preparing for flowering and fruiting.

Technical subtleties

Foliar top dressing is emergency help plants.

As fertilizers, use fast-acting mineral, highly soluble in water,
Each type contains a certain amount of the active element, which is usually indicated on the package in the form of symbols from the Periodic Table (for example, N-nitrogen, K-potassium). As a rule, minerals are partially absorbed by trees.

Mulching

But with black soil, things are different. It is rich in nitrogen and does not need nitrogen treatment.

Foliar top dressing

By the way, today we are going to look at organic option”, as any self-respecting manufacturer of mineral fertilizers applies to its products detailed instructions. Manure producers (for obvious reasons) do not particularly bother with this ...

For pome trees the best fertilizer in April there will be nitrogen substances that stimulate the growth of their shoots. If the tree gives a weak harvest, then it is additionally recommended to add urea in the ratio of 5 g / 1 m2 of the near-stem circle. For adult trees, top dressing is carried out around the perimeter of the entire crown.

Saplings, care and top dressing

Other fertilizers for trees younger than two years old can be given only if the soil has not been completely depleted before. Otherwise, it should first be carefully fertilized and restored, and only then lay the garden.

The main requirement that should be observed when using nitrogen fertilizers is compliance with the instructions for use, correct dosing and safety precautions during storage and application to the soil.

Mature fruit trees

In the spring, as you know, the day feeds the year, so the gardener should not miss the time. Spring top dressing of fruit trees, both adult and young seedlings, is guaranteed to ensure their good growth, flowering and fruiting. Despite the abundance of work on the garden plot, it is necessary to devote time to this. Then autumn will meet you with ruddy apples, juicy pears and delicious plums.

Summing up

And yet, what fertilizers for fruit trees should be used? Many summer residents will answer that it is enough to take manure - and they will be absolutely right. The only exceptions are decorative, coniferous species trees. For them, it is better to choose a balanced top dressing with the appropriate labeling.

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Proper feeding of trees and shrubs in spring

Let's start with the fact that spring feeding of fruit trees is not the most time-consuming part of home garden care, but experienced gardeners know that this is the most important agricultural technique. Without this activity it is impossible to achieve decorative properties trees and berry bushes, do not wait good harvest berries and fruits. Fertilizing can be compared on demand to spraying a garden against pests. Timely feeding of fruit trees will add the necessary elements to the soil, which in the future will result in excellent flowering and fruiting.

Types of fertilizers

The need for them arises when

Ash, and from organic - rotted manure, compost and diluted 1:10 slurry, mullein and bird droppings in a 1:20 dilution.

Nitrogen fertilizers affect the volume of the crop. They need to be entered in early spring. With a lack of nitrogen, the quality of the fruit will decrease. An apple tree needs 12 g of this element per 1 sq. m area. Ammonium nitrate contains up to 35 percent nitrogen. Fertilizing the soil, you need up to 30 g of this substance per 1 sq. m. And if we want to fertilize a young garden with liquid top dressing, then only 20 g of saltpeter is enough for a bucket of water.

Top dressing with nitrogen fertilizers

Fertilizers should be applied not only under the tree, but also at a distance of half a meter from the crown. Thanks to its root system, the apple tree will assimilate them even at such a distance. To know exactly how many minerals a particular tree needs, a simple calculation can be made. We need to find the area in square meters that we will fertilize. It is easy to determine it: measure the diameter of the crown, add one to it and multiply the result by 3.14. Then we multiply the resulting number by the amount needed to fertilize 1 square meter (usually it is written on packages).

In general, how are fruit trees fed in the fall? The use of organic fertilizers is especially justified by the fact that they contain a lot of nitrogen. He, in turn, large quantities goes to the formation of foliage. Applying manure in the fall is the most adequate way to fertilize.

It is very useful to use the row spacing in the garden for sowing cultivated herbs such as white clover, meadow fescue and others. They should be mowed as they grow and left under the trees. At the same time, you can not fertilize the garden with organic matter, but only add mineral fertilizers.
Organic fertilizers are natural and natural for trees and shrubs. They were used long before there was chemical industry. They enrich and improve the composition of the soil without harm to it.
Phosphorus and potassium fertilizers help plants adapt to external environment, make them frost-resistant and strong. They also affect the quantity and quality of the crop.

Feeding trees and shrubs in spring is one of the components of a high yield. It should be produced taking into account the age of the plantations, the quality of the soil and the availability of irrigation. Three whales of fertilizers for fruit bushes and trees are potassium, nitrogen and phosphorus.

Top dressing with phosphorus and potash fertilizers

How to fertilize fruit trees? There are two options. The first is dry mixes, which gradually dissolve with water and penetrate into the soil. The second is much better suited for fruit trees and is an aqueous solution. Plants absorb liquid fertilizer faster. At the same time, if you have a seedling, then you need to apply fertilizer on a cloudy day, preferably at night. Keep in mind that the soil under the tree must be well watered so that the fertilizer solution added to it does not cause root burns.

Fruit trees live for many years, so the soil needs additional nutrition. The tree consumes many elements from the soil, especially during the period of fruit ripening. The question is often asked whether the autumn top dressing will cover all the need for nutrients. Leading agricultural technicians think not. Before the growing season, the concentration of nutrients decreases, which leads to a decrease in yield and deterioration in fruit quality. Next, you will consider the lack of which elements need to be filled in the first place.

A fruit tree is not able to use soil nutrition due to damage to the roots or conductive tissues of the trunk and branches.

On poor soils, when feeding an apple tree or pear per 1 m2 of the trunk circle, they contribute: 2-4 kg

Potassium sulphate is rightfully considered one of the best potash fertilizers for feeding apple trees, because it contains up to 46 percent of potassium. It promotes active growth and better fruiting of the apple tree. If we carry out top dressing, 10 g per 1 sq. m, and for the main fertilizer process, you need to take 25 g.

Spring feeding scheme for apple trees

Top dressing of seedlings

This is due to the fact that it nutrients are in the form of complex organic compounds that become available to trees only after a couple of months. In addition, fertilizing fruit trees in the fall should in no case be done with fresh fertilizer, as this is fraught with burns to the root system.

In order for the berry to give good yields, the land should be prepared and fertilized in advance. For example, black currants need moist places, while raspberries, red currants and gooseberries need well-lit warm areas of the garden.

Feeding trees and shrubs in spring with manure is the most common procedure for summer residents. This is the most affordable and cheapest type of top dressing with a full range of components necessary for plants - boron, manganese, cobalt, copper and molybdenum. The best for feeding trees and shrubs is considered horse dung and bird droppings. They are the most complete with essential trace elements for plant growth and high yields. The most commonly used liquid form fruit crops.

Phosphorus fertilizers should be applied deeper into the ground, as they are poorly absorbed, and it is recommended to do this in early spring when digging the soil for the first time. The most popular phosphorus additives are superphosphate (which is based on sulfur, gypsum) and phosphorus flour, which is used on acidic soils.

Feeding with organic matter

Feeding trees and shrubs in early spring is carried out either with mineral or organic substances.

Dry mineral mixtures are applied before watering so that the tree begins to receive nutrients as quickly as possible. The fruit tree is very responsive to the addition of calcium, sodium, iron and potassium. No less important are selenium, magnesium, copper and many other trace elements, which are usually not enough in the soil. It is very important not to overdose. A large number of nitrogen is detrimental to young plants. By the middle of summer, the bark will not have time to take shape, and the plant will freeze in winter. Another point: excess nitrogen stimulates the formation of shoots and slows down fruiting.

Spring feeding of fruit trees involves the introduction of the entire set of nutrients needed by these plants. During the growing season, the need changes dramatically, nitrogen comes to the fore, which in the autumn-spring months is washed out by heavy rainfall and water coming after the snow melts. The second most important are potassium, phosphorus and nitrogen. This sequence must be known and taken into account. First of all, the need for nitrogen intensifies in trees, and only later, during the formation of the ovary, for phosphorus. Feeding trees in the spring is the key to a good harvest in the fall. Highly important point- the presence of humus in the soil. It is usually abundant in heavy fertile soils, and practically absent in sandy and sandy soils. Also, the content of potassium strongly depends on the structure of the soil.

Foliar top dressings are useful when required

Top dressing with compost

organic fertilizers (autumn or spring); 15-20 g of ammonium nitrate or 5-10 g of urea (in spring and early summer); 40-60 g of superphosphate and 20-30 g of potassium sulfate (at the end of summer or autumn).

Ammonium sulfate, which affects the quality of the future crop, is perfectly preserved in the soil and is not washed out of it for a long time. Based on this, it is advised to make it both in spring and autumn. For top dressing, 25 g per 1 sq. m, and for the main method of fertilizer - up to 50 g.

An important role in determining the right amount of useful nutrients is played by the degree of soil moisture. If the apple tree is properly watered and its soil is sufficiently moist, then sweeteners can be applied in large doses. Combination proper watering with the introduction of the optimal dose of nutrients will give a generous harvest.

Feeding stone fruit trees

Humus should be applied regularly from the time the tree enters the phase of active fruiting. The calculation of the amount of fertilizer required should be carried out based on the volume of the area: for example, with a trunk circle diameter of two meters, you should fertilize three square meters. If the circle is equal to three squares, then seven are fertilized. In this case, autumn feeding of fruit trees will give the maximum effect.

The application of fertilizers to the soil should be carried out abundantly. Manure, humus or compost is applied at the rate of 500 kg per 100 m2. From mineral fertilizers, phosphorus and potash are suitable for berry crops.

To obtain a solution, any container is half filled with manure, and poured with water on top, after which they should be thoroughly mixed. After a month, the resulting mixture can be used at the rate of 1 liter per 6-8 liters of water. If the soil is dry, then the solution should be made more liquid. A thicker fertilizer composition is applied to moist soil.

Feeding pome trees

Superphosphate is in greater demand because of its rapid absorption by the roots of trees and shrubs. When planting seedlings, it is enough to add from 400 to 600 g of superphosphate to each planting hole. For adult perennial plants, the feeding rate is 40-60 g per 1 m2 of the trunk circle.

Mineral fertilizers are divided into simple and complex. The difference between them is how many components are included in their composition. If one, then these are simple mineral fertilizers, two or more are complex. They are also divided into groups according to the main component in the composition - nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.

Fertilizing berry bushes

It is very important at what time of the year fruit trees were planted. Top dressing is most effective in the summer months, while plantings before winter will prepare for wintering, which means they do not need fertilizers.

We are talking about the period when the trees wake up from hibernation. Top dressing of trees in the spring is done directly under the root of the tree. Moreover, it is introduced into the snow when it melts. That is how, slowly penetrating into the soil along with melt water, mineral mixtures get to the awakening roots.

Stimulate the growth of shoots.

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How are fruit trees fertilized in the fall?

Plum, cherry plum and blackthorn until the fifth year of life are given only spring top dressing with urea (20 g / m2).

Microfertilizers help fight fungal diseases, improve the quality of fruits.

Optimal timing

Remember that in damp and rainy weather fertilizers should be added undiluted (in dry form). Simply scatter the substance of your choice around the tree, and it will fall on the roots with rainwater.

But the best result is still obtained when manure is introduced into the zone of maximum concentration of the plant's root system; to do this, you need to outline the circle formed by the projection of the crown, then step back from its outer edge by 50 cm and dig approximately 15 pits equidistant from each other. Humus is poured into them, all this is spilled with water and covered with soil.
If the laying of the berry plant was carried out correctly, then the next couple of years you can significantly reduce the top dressing of the soil.

If it is planned to feed fruit trees and shrubs in April, then, accordingly, a solution should be laid in March.

The property of phosphate fertilizers is the rapid growth of the plant and the development of a powerful root system. You can also note qualitative changes in the taste of berries and fruits and the amount of the crop.

Process Features

The basis of organic fertilizers is rotten organic matter - manure, manure, compost and green fertilizers.

There is another way to make the most of your home garden. Fruit trees can be fed with organic mulch. These are peat, manure, organic residues, rotted leaves and straw. All this organic matter is located on a well loosened layer of fertile soil under a fruit tree. The thickness of the mulch should not be too small, the optimal layer is about 15 cm around the entire perimeter of the crown. If such a procedure is performed in the spring, then it will be very good to add mineral fertilizers to the mulch. Mulching is a very useful technique, it helps to retain moisture in the soil, inhibits the growth of weeds and maintains the optimal temperature regime of the soil near the trunk circle.

The mixture is brought into the trunk circle, which should have been well loosened since autumn. The perimeter should be marked by drawing the width of the crown on the ground. It is here that the largest number of young suction roots is located. young tree 40 g of complex fertilizer will be enough, for adult plantings a larger portion will be required.

In these cases, use urea, complex fertilizers containing the necessary trace elements. In

After entering fruiting per 1 m2 of the near-stem circle, make: 10 kg of compost (in autumn); 25 g

Now you know why and how to properly fertilize the land on your site. This means that your garden will receive all the necessary nutrients and will actively bear fruit.

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Spring top dressing of apple trees is the key to a good harvest

In addition to root top dressing, foliar top dressing can also be used. Thanks to this method, the apple tree will receive the necessary nutrients directly through the leaves. It is carried out by spraying the crown. Remember that spraying is best done early in the morning before the sun has risen or after sunset in the evening. If it is cloudy, then this procedure can be carried out during the day. After all, it takes time for the leaves to absorb the nutrient solution, and under the influence of sunlight it will quickly evaporate and we will not achieve the expected effect. In the process of spraying, follow the recommendations. Do not prepare and use solutions with a high concentration. Their use leads to leaf burn.

Feeding rules

What is the frequency of feeding? It all depends on the soil: in their normal state, it is enough to make humus every three years. If the soil is poor, then you need to do this annually. Please note that when using mineral fertilizers in conjunction with humus, their dose should be halved.

Any normal gardener knows that the quality and quantity of the crop depends in no small measure on whether the soil contains enough nutrients. Given that horticultural crops grow in one place for decades, they are able to draw almost all the juices out of the soil. Therefore, feeding fruit trees in the fall is extremely important.

Peat and humus are types of organic fertilizers that can be used both independently and in the form of compost. Compost is made from manure, peat or various waste - food or fallen leaves and tops. These are fermented plant residues, which were artificially prepared during the year. To do this, you need to choose a place that does not flood with water, and put all the components mixed with the ground there.

It is better not to use potash fertilizers in their pure form, but dilute them with zinc, iron or nitrogen substances. The most popular type of potash fertilizer is potassium sulphate, which does not contain chlorine and sodium harmful to plants.

Feeding fruit trees and shrubs in early spring with mineral fertilizers requires a careful approach. The main thing in this type of fertilizer is the measure, otherwise you can harm not only the plant, but also the earth and people.

As you know, the plant is able to absorb useful material not only through the roots, but also through its green crown. Agricultural technicians have long adopted this knowledge and began to actively use it. Today, advances in science allow every gardener to have a huge selection of preparations for gardening. Among them and foliar top dressing. You get the opportunity to spray fruit crops with a solution of mineral fertilizers and growth regulators. Such preparations can significantly improve fruiting. They are often based on a 0.2% urea solution.

The location of the landings also matters. If the garden grows on a slope, then fertilizer application should be delayed so that the mineral mixture is not washed away along with melt water.

To avoid burns, approach the choice of concentration and amount of solution applied to the leaves very carefully. In the doses and timing of fertilizing, do not deviate from the instructions attached to fertilizers.

urea (spring); 60 g of simple or 30 g of double superphosphate and 20 g of potassium sulfate (at the end of summer or spring).

Choice of fertilizers

This video depicts when and how to fertilize apple trees in the spring.

organic

With the onset of spring, apple trees need fertilizers that promote the processes of flowering and the formation of ovaries. From mineral gardeners, nitrogen-containing ones are used, and from organic spring bring manure, compost and bird droppings.

Such top dressing of fruit trees will give an excellent effect!

Of course, there are two ways to carry out such activities: the use of organic or mineral fertilizers. Of course, all these works will give the best effect only if they are combined with agrotechnical and irrigation measures.

mineral

As the compost heap grows, it should be moistened so that rotting takes place more intensively. It is recommended to cover the compost with a black film, which does not allow moisture to evaporate and at the same time attracts solar heat. For better decay, plant waste and manure can be sprinkled with layers of slaked lime, and in order for oxygen to be available, layers of branches and straw are used, which allow the compost to “breathe.”

Feeding trees and shrubs in spring with potash fertilizers ensures a good harvest. The lack of potassium in the soil affects the size of the fruits and their taste. Potassium sulphate can be applied to any type of soil at a dosage for top dressing of 20-25 g per 1 m2. The best effect is given by a mixture of phosphate and potash fertilizers.

Nitrogen fertilizers include:

During flowering fruit plants it is important to attract as much as possible more insects that will produce pollination. Summer residents go to the trick, making a sweet solution of honey, sugar and water. Such a bait in the spring works flawlessly. Since the flowering of the main honey plants has not yet begun, not a single bee will miss such a feast.

Under the snow, top dressing containing nitrogen is introduced. But just do not buy universal mixtures called "spring", they often contain too much of this element, which can lead to the appearance of fungus. A little later, when the snow melts, you can add superphosphate, ash and potassium sulfate to the soil.

Without need, no top dressing is necessary. Excess substances are not only harmful in themselves, but

In the first 3 years after planting under a cherry, only urea is added (80-100 g under a tree). This

Video "Spring dressing of apple trees"

It is necessary to feed plants in two cases: when it is necessary to stimulate growth or when there are signs of a lack of some elements of mineral nutrition.

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How to fertilize fruit trees, fertilizer composition

A good spring feed is mullein. The required amount of manure is 4–8 kg per 1 sq. m of soil. With its regular use, you can improve the structure of the soil. Sandy soils begin to retain moisture better, and clay soils become looser and lighter.

With the onset of spring, all living things awaken. The first buds are starting to appear on the trees in your garden, everything is blooming and fragrant. But do not waste time in vain, because trees need proper and timely nutrition. The article will tell you how to feed apple trees in spring and how to do it most effectively. After all, from timely and proper feeding apple trees in the spring depends on their development and productivity.

In order to fertilize fruit trees in the fall as efficiently as possible, you should be aware of the periods when it should be done at all:

Use of root fertilizers, composition

The finished composition can be used after 1-2 years. This is the purest and most useful fertilizer, which has a great effect on both the plants themselves and the ground.

The quantity and quality of fertilizers depends solely on the composition of the soil, but top dressing garden trees and shrubs in the spring, especially before planting seedlings, is required.

ammonium sulfate. This substance acidifies the soil and does not dissolve well in it, so it is better to apply it in the fall. To improve the properties, you can add 1.5 kg of lime to 1 kg of ammonium sulfate.

The first task of these plants is to take root and start growing as quickly as possible. Fruiting is not yet a priority. Usually, in the first few years, a young apple or pear tree produces only a few fruits, which means it does not spend too much of its resources. Later, the question will surely arise - what fertilizers for fruit trees should be applied? The best option for top dressing at the time of planting and subsequent fertilization of the seedling, the complex fertilizer "AgroPrirost" is considered. It provides all the vital elements: phosphorus, nitrogen, potassium, as well as trace elements: calcium, zinc, boron and magnesium. This is especially necessary in clay or sandy areas where the soil is poor.

Feeding trees in the spring is not limited to this. Flowering is in full swing and the first ovary is already appearing, now the trees need not so much minerals as organic matter. Properly prepared manure and compost are perfect for May top dressing. The amount of fertilizer applied depends on the soil. Fertile chernozem requires a minimum of additives, forest soils are larger, and podzolic soils require regular and abundant moisture. Manure is usually applied in the form of an aqueous solution, this method is familiar to every summer resident. Compost must be prepared in the fall by pouring grass into the compost pit.

They also violate the harmony in plant nutrition and pollute the environment.

top dressing is carried out in the spring. From the fourth year of life, 150-200 g of urea is added to the trunk circle (in spring); 300-350 g of double superphosphate and 100-120 g of potassium sulfate (at the end of summer or autumn).

If you want to give plants additional nutrition through the roots, add dry or dissolved

Bird droppings can be applied dry or diluted with water. Before introducing dry bird droppings into the soil, it must be crushed. If it is necessary to dilute with water, then the proportion should be as follows: 1 part of the litter to 15 parts of the liquid. The resulting solution should be fertilized the garden immediately and not left in reserve.

Throughout the year, garden trees need to be fertilized periodically. The first top dressing is carried out in early spring, when young leaves are just appearing on the apple tree. Trees come out of dormancy and need to replenish their resources after winter. Most of the nutrients trees get from the earth, water and air, however, minerals are not always found in required quantity. And even more so in spring, the trees need additional nourishment. However, everything needs a measure - an excess of nutrients is just as dangerous as their lack. If a young apple tree is oversaturated, for example, with nitrogen, which affects the growth of shoots, you will get a large tree with many shoots, but without fruits.

in the spring, before the growth of shoots begins;

For the quality development and growth of stone fruit trees, good nutrition is extremely important. Fertilizing fruit trees and shrubs in March is the key to a good harvest, as this helps plants to quickly move away from hibernation.

Foliar top dressing, how to

The presence of phosphorus in the soil is especially important for seedlings, since it is he who affects their growth and rapid adaptation. Phosphorus-potassium fertilizers should be laid before the seedlings are planted.

Ammonium nitrate (ammonium nitrate) is an instant substance. The action of ammonium nitrate is fast and effective on non-acidic soils. Plants absorb it well and react to it. If the soil itself is acidified, then it is better to dilute ammonium nitrate with limestone flour in a 1: 1 ratio. This will neutralize the acidity. This type of fertilizer can be applied both in spring and autumn at the rate of 150-200 kg per hectare, if this is the main component, and 100-150 kg per hectare in the form of top dressing.

The first feeding is done by applying a dry product directly to the prepared hole. The subsequent ones are performed annually, superficially in the near-trunk circle. Usually they are repeated in spring and autumn. An adult tree can be completely transferred to home-made organic fertilizers.

Processing and feeding fruit trees in the spring will become easy and simple if you take care of such proven means in advance.

In order for the fruits to suffer less from a lack of calcium, it is useful to spray the trees in early spring with a 4% Bordeaux mixture, which simultaneously protects against many insects and diseases. And 5 and 3 weeks before harvesting, it is advisable to treat the plants with a 1% solution of calcium chloride.

From the seventh year of life, organic fertilizers are added to mineral fertilizers, poured in the fall in

In water, fertilizers into the soil superficially or into grooves, and then be sure to close them shallowly.

Compost is made from dry sawdust, leaves and all kinds of waste. Thanks to organic matter, the earth is saturated with many nutrients necessary for the plant, and its structure also changes: the soil becomes loose, it passes water better.

Fertilizing gardens in the spring, amateur gardeners use 2 types of fertilizers in their practice: mineral (nitrogen, potash, microfertilizers) and organic (compost, slurry, manure).

Spring is a hot season for gardeners. One of the important things is the spring feeding of fruit trees. The soils of garden plots are very different in their mineral composition and structure. Yes, and different types of fruit trees put forward their own requirements for normal growth and fruiting, not every soil can provide them with everything they need. That is why it is very important to properly and thoughtfully carry out top dressing in the garden. Fruit trees especially need them in the spring, when they are preparing for flowering and fruiting.

Why you can't miss this event

To begin with, spring feeding of fruit trees is not the most time-consuming part of home garden care, but experienced gardeners know that this is the most important agricultural technique. Without this event, it is impossible to achieve the decorative properties of trees and not wait for a good harvest of berries and fruits. Fertilizing can be compared on demand to spraying a garden against pests. Timely fertilizing of fruit trees will add the necessary elements to the soil, which in the future will result in excellent flowering and fruiting.

Fruit trees live for many years, so the soil needs additional nutrition. The tree consumes many elements from the soil, especially during the period of fruit ripening. The question is often asked whether the autumn top dressing will cover all the need for nutrients. Leading agricultural technicians think not. Before the growing season, the concentration of nutrients decreases, which leads to a decrease in yield and deterioration in fruit quality. Next, we will consider the lack of which elements need to be filled in the first place.

Nutrients needed by fruit trees

Spring feeding of fruit trees involves the introduction of the entire set of nutrients needed by these plants. During the growing season, the need changes dramatically, nitrogen comes to the fore, which in the autumn-spring months is washed out by heavy rainfall and water coming after the snow melts. The second most important are potassium, phosphorus and nitrogen. This sequence must be known and taken into account. First of all, the need for nitrogen intensifies in trees, and only later, during the formation of the ovary, for phosphorus. Feeding trees in the spring is the key to a good harvest in the fall. A very important point is the presence of humus in the soil. It is usually abundant in heavy fertile soils, and practically absent in sandy and sandy soils. The content of potassium also depends on the structure of the soil.

How to properly fertilize

We are talking about the period when the trees wake up from hibernation. Top dressing of trees in the spring is done directly under the root of the tree. Moreover, it is introduced into the snow when it melts. This is how, slowly penetrating into the soil along with melt water, mineral mixtures get to the awakening roots.

The mixture is introduced into which should have been well loosened since autumn. The perimeter should be marked by drawing the width of the crown on the ground. It is here that the largest number of young suction roots is located. A young tree will need 40 g of complex fertilizer; for adult plantings, a larger portion will be required.

The location of the landings also matters. If the garden grows on a slope, then fertilization should be delayed so that the mineral mixture is not washed away with melt water.

Under the snow make top dressing containing nitrogen. But just do not buy universal mixtures called "spring", they often contain too much of this element, which can lead to the appearance of fungus. A little later, when the snow melts, you can add superphosphate, ash and potassium sulfate to the soil.

May - the time of active ovary and fruit growth

Processing and feeding fruit trees in the spring will become easy and simple if you take care of such proven products in advance.

Types of fruit trees

There are many of them in our garden plots, and each reacts in its own way to any type of fertilizer. That is why tree feeding in the spring should be carried out individually. Fertilizing fruit trees is the key to a rich harvest, so you should not forget about it. Apple trees respond well to such events. They need a huge amount of nutrients to grow fragrant fruits. It is equally useful to apply organic fertilizers to the soil where pears and plums grow.

And yet, what fertilizers for fruit trees should be used? Many summer residents will answer that it is enough to take manure - and they will be absolutely right. The only exceptions are decorative, coniferous tree species. For them, it is better to choose a balanced top dressing with the appropriate labeling.

Technical subtleties

Dry mineral mixtures are applied before watering so that the tree begins to receive as quickly as possible. The fruit tree is very responsive to the introduction of calcium, sodium, iron and potassium. No less important are selenium, magnesium, copper and many other trace elements, which are usually not enough in the soil. It is very important not to overdose. A large amount of nitrogen is detrimental to young plants. By the middle of summer, the bark will not have time to take shape, and the plant will freeze in winter. Another point: excess nitrogen stimulates the formation of shoots and slows down fruiting.

It is very important at what time of the year fruit trees were planted. Top dressing is most effective in the summer months, while winter plantings will prepare for wintering, which means they do not need fertilizers.

Mulching

There is another way to make the most of your home garden. Fruit trees can be fed with organic mulch. These are peat, manure, organic residues, rotted leaves and straw. All this organic matter is located on a well loosened layer under the fruit tree. The thickness of the mulch should not be too small, the optimal layer is about 15 cm around the entire perimeter of the crown. If such a procedure is performed in the spring, then it will be very good to add mineral fertilizers to the mulch. Mulching is a very useful technique, it helps to retain moisture in the soil, inhibits the growth of weeds and maintains the optimal temperature regime of the soil near the trunk circle.

Foliar top dressing

As you know, the plant is able to absorb nutrients not only through the roots, but also through its green crown. Agricultural technicians have long adopted this knowledge and began to actively use it. Today, advances in science allow every gardener to have a huge selection of preparations for gardening. Among them, you get the opportunity to spray fruit crops with a solution of mineral fertilizers and growth regulators. Such preparations can significantly improve fruiting. They are often based on a 0.2% urea solution.

During flowering, it is important to attract as many insects as possible, which will produce pollination. Summer residents go to the trick, making a sweet solution of honey, sugar and water. Such a bait in the spring works flawlessly. Since the flowering of the main honey plants has not yet begun, not a single bee will miss such a feast.

Saplings, care and top dressing

The first task of these plants is to take root and start growing as quickly as possible. Fruiting is not yet a priority. Usually, in the first few years, a young apple or pear tree produces only a few fruits, which means it does not spend too much of its resources. Later, the question will surely arise - what fertilizers for fruit trees should be applied? The best option for top dressing at the time of planting and subsequent fertilization of the seedling is the AgroPrirost complex fertilizer. It provides all the vital elements: phosphorus, nitrogen, potassium, as well as trace elements: calcium, zinc, boron and magnesium. This is especially necessary in clay or sandy areas where the soil is poor.

The first top dressing is carried out by applying a dry agent directly into the prepared hole. The subsequent ones are performed annually, superficially in the near-trunk circle. Usually they are repeated in spring and autumn. An adult tree can be completely transferred to home-made organic fertilizers.

Mature fruit trees

Starting from the fifth year of life, plants enter a period of active fruiting, and therefore, the requirements for top dressing change. Now the trees are fed with a complete mineral fertilizer. One square meter of area consumes 15 g of nitrogen, 8 g of phosphorus and 12 g of potassium. These substances are brought under the snow. A little later, the turn of organic fertilizers comes, once every 2 years about 6 kg of manure is applied per square meter of the trunk circle. After the end of flowering, when the ovary growing phase begins, dry crushed bird droppings are excellent. About 0.3 kg of such a powder is scattered per 1 m 2 of the near-stem circle. Falling asleep with manure can be completely replaced by the addition of slurry. To do this, take one liter of solution per square meter of soil surface. Minerals are required to be applied annually.

Summing up

In the spring, as you know, the day feeds the year, so the gardener should not lose time. Spring feeding of fruit trees, both adult and young seedlings, is guaranteed to ensure their good growth, flowering and fruiting. Despite the abundance of work on the garden plot, it is necessary to devote time to this. Then autumn will meet you with ruddy apples, juicy pears and delicious plums.

Like all living things Orchard needs food. Therefore, fertilizers for fruit trees come to the fore - they are also necessary, like timely watering, regular weeding, plowing and mulching. But before you feed the garden, of course, you need to have an idea of how to fertilize fruit trees in spring and autumn, and in what proportions to fertilize.

Fertilizers are provided along with other agricultural practices big influence on the growth and productivity of orchards. By selecting nutrients in certain proportions, linking this with soil cultivation methods, it is possible to influence the yield value, fruit quality, as well as frost and drought resistance. With a continuous ratio of individual elements, you can get negative results. high efficiency when fertilizing fruit trees in spring and autumn, you can achieve by knowing the basics of their use in the garden.

Features of fertilization for fruit trees

Before feeding fruit trees, first of all, it is necessary to take into account the characteristics of the soil of the site (natural supply of nutrients, mechanical composition, environmental reaction, etc.), the requirements of plants for nutritional conditions, the method of soil maintenance, the age of the plantations and other factors. Depending on these conditions, the types and rates of applied fertilizers will change.

Fruit plants are perennial crops, so the effect of fertilizers extends to them not only in the year of application, but also in subsequent years.

Of great importance on the effectiveness of fertilizing fruit trees in spring and autumn is the pre-planting dressing of the soil and the use of fertilizers in previous years.

In the first years of life, fruit plants are particularly demanding on phosphorus, since it stimulates the growth of roots and ensures the growth of the above-ground mass of the tree. Deep application of phosphorus-potassium fertilizers contributes to the development of the root system, as if dragging it deeper and thereby increasing drought resistance and winter hardiness of plants.

Due to the low mobility of phosphorus-potassium supplements of fruit trees and their fixation mainly in the zone of application, it is especially important to fill the soil before planting the garden with increased doses of these fertilizers, designed for a significant period of their action.

In growing gardens, the introduction of phosphorus-potassium fertilizers into the zone of distribution of the bulk of the roots is difficult. The soil, especially near trees, is saturated with roots, which should not be damaged.

The introduction of nitrogen fertilizers for fruit trees due to their good solubility and mobility in the soil is not difficult.

As a rule, surface sieving is used, mechanized or manual, or applied in the form of an aqueous solution.

The main task when using nitrogen fertilizers is to reduce nitrogen losses, since its ammonia form is volatile, and its nitrate form is mobile, especially on light soil and during irrigation. In this regard, all nitrogen fertilizers applied in dry form must be immediately incorporated into the soil.

On light soils and during irrigation, high doses of nitrogen fertilizers should not be used, but they should be applied fractionally and more often than on heavy soils and without irrigation.

Before feeding fruit trees, remember that in the spring, in the first half of the growing season, nutrients are spent on flowering, growth of shoots and fruits. At this time, plants need all three basic elements - nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. After the growth of shoots stops from the second half of summer, nutrients are spent on the growth of fruits, the laying of flower buds, and are also deposited. At this time, the need for nitrogen nutrition decreases. An excess of nitrogen during this period can cause protracted plant growth and reduce their winter hardiness.

When deciding how to fertilize fruit trees, remember that the need for plants to feed is highly dependent on their age. In fruit-bearing trees, it is much higher than in young ones, which is caused by a large consumption of nutrients for the formation of a crop, as well as by the peculiarities of the development of the root system. If in young trees the roots grow rapidly, covering from year to year new unused soil layers, then with age, the formation of numerous lateral branches in the already covered volume is observed and its more severe depletion occurs.

When choosing what kind of fertilizer to feed fruit trees, do not forget that the use of top dressing should be closely linked to soil fertility and nutrient supply. It is necessary to determine the presence of available forms of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the soil and only on this basis to decide on the timing of fertilizer application, their doses and ratios.

Most of the soils of the middle zone are of the chernozem type and are characterized by high natural fertility.

Such soils, with good tillage and moisture, can annually replace significant amounts of necessary elements nutrition. However, these reserves will quickly be depleted if the proper application of fertilizers does not maintain soil fertility at a high level.

A video of fertilizing fruit trees will help you better understand how to fertilize a garden:

How to feed fruit trees in spring: nitrogen fertilizers

Nitrogen is one of the most essential elements for plants. It is part of proteins, chlorophyll and many other organic substances. The main mass of nitrogen is concentrated in the organic matter of the soil and, above all, in humus.

Nitrogen is available to plants mainly in the form of mineral compounds - ammonium and nitrates, which are formed during the decomposition of organic matter by special microorganisms. Nitrate nitrogen more available due to the fact that most of the ammonium in the soil is in an absorbed state and is gradually nitrified. The nitrification process proceeds most actively with good air access, sufficient soil moisture and a temperature of + 15-20 °.

If the soil in the garden has been loosened since spring, sufficiently moistened and manure is applied periodically, then with the onset of warm weather, a sufficient amount of nitrates for plants accumulates in it. In the case when the activity of microorganisms is suppressed, plants may lack nitrogen even on humus-rich chernozems. Therefore, it is difficult to obtain high yields only at the expense of natural nitrogen reserves.

An acute lack of nitrates is observed in the soil of the garden in early spring, when the need of fruit trees for nitrogen is great, and the process of nitrification is weak.

Especially a lot of nitrogen is consumed by plants during the period of increased shoot growth and fruit formation. The application of nitrogen fertilizers at this time is very important. Lack or excess of nitrogen in the soil disrupts the flow of phosphorus and potassium into fruit plants. An excess of nitrates is more easily tolerated by plants than large amounts of ammonium, especially with a lack of carbohydrates.

When applying nitrogen fertilizers, it is necessary to take into account the condition of the plants: growth vigor, leaf color intensity, etc.

Visual signs of nitrogen deficiency are the pale green color of the leaves, weak growth of shoots in conditions of sufficient moisture, premature fall leaves, crushing fruits, etc.

What fertilizers to feed fruit trees: phosphorus top dressing

Phosphorus is the second main nutrient found in the soil in the form of organic and mineral compounds. Plants feed on phosphorus mineral compounds - on chernozems, mainly calcium phosphates, most of which are inaccessible to plants. Mobilization of phosphorus from potential reserves is more difficult than nitrogen. Phosphorus top dressing is necessary for plants during the entire growing season. A sufficient supply of phosphorus contributes to the faster emergence of new leaves, better development root system, earlier and faster flowering. It affects the processes of formation of fruiting organs and the laying of flower buds for the next year's harvest.

Phosphorus top dressings are those fertilizers that need to be applied regularly under fruit trees, since with a lack of phosphorus, the growth of shoots and roots is greatly reduced, flowering and fruit ripening are delayed. Improving nutrition with phosphorus increases the sugar content in plants, increases their winter hardiness. With insufficient supply of phosphorus, nitrogen fertilizers are used incompletely. In some cases, large doses of nitrogen with a lack of phosphorus adversely affect the growth and development of plants.

How to feed fruit trees in spring and autumn: potash fertilizers

Potassium takes part in the formation of carbohydrates, promotes the movement of nutrients in plants, increases their winter hardiness and drought resistance, resistance to pests and diseases.

Potassium in the soil is in mineral form. Organic forms of this element have not been found. Its gross content is several times higher than that of nitrogen and phosphorus. Hence, the lack of potassium in the soil is less common. Plants feed on both water-soluble potassium salts and absorbed soil colloids-cations, and can also absorb potassium from minerals: micas, glauconite, biotite, etc. The main source of potassium is absorbed.

When applying potassium fertilizers for fruit trees, it must also be borne in mind that the need for potassium in fruit plants is higher than for phosphorus. If we take the removal of phosphorus as a unit, then adult apple trees take out 3 times more potassium and nitrogen. An imbalance between the elements of nutrition should not be allowed, as this leads to functional diseases.

The use of fertilizers for feeding garden trees

When applying fertilizers for garden trees, it is necessary to take into account other properties of the soil: the nature of aeration, the mechanical composition, and the reaction of the environment.

Chernozem soils, which have a neutral or slightly alkaline reaction, respond well to the use of acidic and physiologically acidic fertilizers (superphosphate, ammonium sulphate, etc.).

The effect of the use of fertilizers can be achieved while improving other factors of life. The lack of one of the factors cannot be compensated by the improvement of the other. For example, additional food cannot replace the lack of moisture.

Therefore, when choosing how to feed fruit trees, it should be borne in mind that in a kind natural conditions with rich soils and arid climates, fertilizers may not be effective if not provided with enough favorable conditions moisture. When fertilizing, it is necessary to simultaneously improve the water regime of the soil in the garden.

From all of the above, we can conclude: there can be no single system for fertilizing a garden. The following recommendations for fertilization should be considered as a guide only. They must be adapted to the specific conditions of a particular garden, depending on the properties of the soil, the age of the plantations, moisture conditions, etc. The best system fertilizer is one that justifies itself with a high yield, good growth and condition of the trees.

In addition to the main nutrients - nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium - fruit plants need microelements for normal development. Often in the middle lane their value when fertilizing orchard takes first place compared to the main batteries.

The lack of trace elements causes deep physiological disorders of the nutrition process and leads to the appearance of functional diseases and a sharp decrease in plant productivity.

Fertilizing fruit trees in the garden in spring and autumn with organic fertilizers

Practical recommendations for the use of fertilizers. Organic fertilizers have special meaning in the fertilizer system of fruit crops. They enrich the soil with readily available nutrients, improve its physical properties (water and air conditions), as well as the supply of plants. carbon dioxide. They contain in their composition all the nutrients necessary for fruit plants (macro- and microelements): nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, boron, molybdenum, manganese, iron, zinc, copper, etc.

The extremely important value of organic fertilizers for the garden is that they enliven the microbiological activity in the soil.

The introduction of manure, in particular, is the most important factor in the mobilization of the natural supply of nutrients. With the systematic introduction of manure clay soils become more moisture and breathable, sandy - acquire connectivity and better retain moisture. Biotic substances contained in manure (vitamins, auxins, etc.) activate life processes in plants, resulting in more favorable conditions for the efficient use of mineral fertilizers.

The best quality is horse and cow dung. Pig manure, in terms of the content of nutrients, approaches horse and cow manure, differing from them in a large amount of nitrogenous compounds and sodium chloride. However, it is significantly inferior to them in physical properties, representing a semi-liquid mass, inconvenient for use. Therefore, it is best to apply pig manure after composting with straw, sawdust, leaves and other material. It is recommended to apply it for feeding fruit trees in the fall at the rate of 5-6 kg per 1 m2. Harmful chloride salts are washed out in this case deep into the soil. Given the exceptional value of manure for the garden, it is necessary to periodically apply it from 4 to 8 kg per 1 m2 once every 3 years.

What else can you feed fruit trees in spring and autumn from organic fertilizers? Bird manure is a complete fast-acting fertilizer in which the nutrients are in a form readily available to plants. In order to reduce nitrogen losses, which can reach 30% of its total content in 1.5-2 months, raw manure should be stored in a dry place mixed with peat chips, humus - 25-50% or powdered superphosphate - 6 -10% of the weight of the litter.

Litter in dry and crushed form or in the form of a solution is used for all crops and on all soils, mainly when feeding plants. When applied dry, it is important to grind it thoroughly and evenly disperse it over the entire area. With uneven application, plant burnout is possible. To feed fruit trees in liquid form, bird droppings are mixed with water in a ratio of 1:15 (15 parts of water for 1 part fertilizer). The solution should be used immediately after preparation. They bring it into the furrows made along the periphery of the crown, one bucket per 2-3 linear meters. m.

Sometimes bird droppings are infused with water before application so that it ferments. This technique is impractical, since when it is applied, the fertilizer loses more than half of the nitrogen.

As a rule, there is not enough manure for fertilizing fruit and berry crops. Its deficiency can be largely compensated by the introduction of various composts.

Prefabricated composts are also a valuable organic fertilizer. All waste containing at least some organic matter can be used as compostable material: spoiled feed, weeds (without seeds), haulm, sawdust, dry leaves, forest floor, pond silt, yard waste, kitchen waste, etc. More valuable composts are obtained by mixing with peat waste, good fertile land, as well as slurry, bird droppings, pig manure, superphosphate. Before fertilizing fruit trees in spring and autumn, the compost must mature. All materials for future feeding are stacked in a certain place on a compacted area, in the so-called compost heaps up to 2 m wide, 1.5-1.7 m high. For better absorption of moisture, a layer of peat 20-25 cm thick is placed at the base of the heap, or humus earth, or leaves. Waste, as it accumulates, is laid in a compost heap in layers and moistened, if necessary, with slurry, a solution chicken manure or clean water. Add 1.5-2% of the total mass of superphosphate. You can add 3-4% ash.

The edges of the heap are made slightly higher so that the liquid does not drain, but is absorbed. After watering, a layer of peat or earth is poured on top of the heap. Caring for a compost heap is to shovel it 2-3 times during the summer and moisten it when it dries.

Waste that is difficult to decompose (sawdust, shavings, etc.) is placed in separate piles for a longer period of overheating. Compost for feeding garden trees is considered ready for use when it turns into a homogeneous crumbly mass. Composts can be laid in trenches 1.5 m wide, 0.7-1 m deep. This method is more convenient because the material dries out less. Prefabricated composts are close in quality to manure.

Feeding fruit trees with mineral fertilizers

To fully meet the needs of fruit plants in easily digestible nutrients, mineral fertilizers are used in addition to organic ones. Unlike organic, they contain more nutrients and are less complex in their chemical composition.

Mineral fertilizers for fruit trees are divided into simple and complex. Simple fertilizers contain only one nutrient element, complex fertilizers contain two or three main elements.

Simple mineral fertilizers for planting fruit trees fertilizers are divided into nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, depending on what nutrient they contain.

Nitrogen fertilizers.

Ammonium nitrate is a fast-acting fertilizer, recommended for early spring application and top dressing at a concentration of 20 g per bucket of water.

Carbamide - is not absorbed by plants immediately, so it is advisable to use it as the main fertilizer in spring, and on heavy soils - in autumn. When irrigated, urea is used for top dressing. Valuable fertilizer for foliar top dressing at a concentration of 0.3-0.4% (30-40 g per bucket of water).

Phosphorus fertilizers.

The best of them in local conditions is superphosphate - simple and double. This top dressing of fruit trees in spring and autumn has a long-term effect, therefore it is used as the main fertilizer. On carbonate soils, it is recommended to use it in a mixture with humus, peat, compost. The mixture is prepared 1-2 months before application.

potassium fertilizers.

Potassium sulphate is the best of them, as it does not contain harmful impurities. Potassium chloride contains an admixture of chlorine, which is harmful to fruit trees in large quantities. Under berries, especially strawberries, it can only be applied in advance.

Potassium salt. Should not be used under berry crops sensitive to chlorine. All potash fertilizers for fruit trees are used as the main application in the fall, only potassium sulfate can be applied in the spring.

How to feed fruit trees in spring and autumn: complex fertilizers

To complex fertilizers fruit trees include potassium nitrate, ammophos, diammophos, nitroammophos, nitrophoska, nitroammophoska, etc. All dormice are highly soluble in water and are a valuable food for fruit crops. They are used as the main fertilizer and top dressing.

Wood ash is a valuable local fertilizer that contains all the nutrients except nitrogen. It is used as a potassium-phosphorus and microfertilizer on soils with an acidic or neutral reaction of 50-80 g/m2.

Fertilizers for fruit trees, applied in the spring, before planting the garden, improve plant growth, accelerate fruiting and increase yields in the early years. They can be applied for digging, deep plowing or in landing pits.

In industrial gardens, the application can be continuous or strip (along the lines of future rows of trees). Under the plantation, 500-700 kg / ha of superphosphate of simple and potash fertilizers are applied. Semi-rotted manure 60-80 t/ha is applied under normal plowing. In the absence of manure, the doses of mineral fertilizers are doubled.

Rotted manure and phosphorus-potassium fertilizers are introduced into the planting pits.

Superphosphate is best applied as an organo-mineral mixture. For one bucket of bulk manure, 300 g of simple superphosphate or 150 g of double superphosphate are taken. Superphosphate is mixed with wet organic matter two weeks prior to application.

Under the apple tree, 2-3 buckets of such a mixture are brought in, which is 15-25 kg of manure, 450-900 g of superphosphate. Potash fertilizers are applied at 200-300 g. Under stone fruits, the doses of fertilizer application are reduced by 2 times. It is not recommended to bring unrotted manure and mineral nitrogen fertilizers into the pit, as they impair the survival of young plants.

With good preplant soil dressing in the first 4-5 years or more, trees usually do not need to apply phosphorus-potassium fertilizers. Manure in the 1st year after planting is usually applied as mulch in the spring and incorporated when digging. In the future, organic fertilizers are recommended to be applied in the 4-5th year before the garden begins to bear fruit. The application of nitrogen fertilizers should be started from the 2-3rd year after planting, when the plants take root and get stronger. When introduced in the year of planting, they can cause a burn of young roots and worsen the survival of plants. In a young garden on fertile soil, the need for nitrogen in fruit plants usually occurs in the early spring, when the process of natural microbiological formation of nitrates is suppressed.

In this regard, it is necessary to apply nitrogen fertilizers containing nitrogen in the nitrate form (ammonium nitrate at a dose of 15-20 g/m2 - 150-200 kg/ha). The best time for this, after the majority of the snow has melted on the thawed-frozen soil, when it is frosty in the morning and fertilizers can be sieved. Easily soluble nitrogen fertilizers with moisture residues penetrate into the root zone by the beginning of their growth. If it was not possible to introduce them on the thawed-frozen soil, then they are introduced before the first spring loosening.

How to fertilize adult fruit trees in spring and autumn

In the first years, the effect of fertilizers on the growth of trees is usually weak, as they approach fruiting, their effect increases more and more. With the entry of the garden into fruiting, the system of fertilizing adult trees consists of autumn (basic) application, spring and top dressing. The main thing is the main thing when organic fertilizer and mineral phosphorus-potassium fertilizers are applied. These fertilizers are not washed out of the soil, so they are applied periodically once every 2-3 years for plowing or digging in the amount of: 30-45 g / m2 of superphosphate and 20-25 g / m2 of potassium sulfate or chloride per 1 year. Autumn application of chlorine-containing potash fertilizers contributes to the leaching of chlorine.

Phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, which are inactive in the soil, should be applied as deep as possible, into the zone of occurrence of the main mass of roots, which contributes to the development of a powerful root system.

AT home gardens deep introduction is carried out in furrows, annular grooves, etc. The best way in this case will be focal. The foci should be in the form of holes made along the periphery of the crown to a depth of 25-35 cm. One hole is placed for each half meter.

Effective joint application of mineral fertilizers with organic. The rate of application of mineral fertilizers is reduced by half. The introduction of superphosphate in a mixture with organic fertilizers contributes to better absorption of phosphorus.

In industrial gardens, the application of organic and phosphorus-potassium fertilizers is carried out under plowing to a depth of 25-30 cm. Machines for deep fertilization are also used: a mounted vineyard plow PRVN-2.5 and a garden and vineyard feeder - PSV-2.

For fruit-bearing fruit trees great importance has a feed. In non-irrigated gardens, they are usually limited to the early spring application of ammonium nitrate, since in the absence of irrigation, top dressing is ineffective.

The application rate of this top dressing for fruit trees in the spring is 15 - 20 g per 1 m2 during the period when the garden begins to bear fruit and 20-25 g per 1 m2 at full fruiting.

In irrigated orchards, there is a danger of mobile nitrogen being washed out into the deep layers, especially on light soils, while fruit-bearing orchards especially need nitrogen fertilizer. Therefore, in a fruit-bearing irrigated garden, in addition to the early spring application of nitrogen fertilizers, one or two top dressings are given during the growing season. The first top dressing is carried out with nitrogen fertilizer (ammonium nitrate) after the physiological shedding of the ovary at a dose of 10 g / m2.

Fertilizing fruit trees in spring and autumn: top dressing in a lean year

In a lean year, they are limited only to basic fertilizer and spring nitrogen application, since in this case, nutrient consumption is only used to increase the vegetative mass and lay flower buds for harvest next year. It is necessary to restrain the laying of the kidneys so as not to overload the tree with a crop in a year. This is facilitated by low doses of fertilizers. Mineral fertilizers when top dressing can be applied in liquid and dry form. In the first case, the fertilizer should be dissolved in water - 20-30 g per 10 liters, in the second - subsequent watering is required.

Good results are obtained by top dressing with local liquid organic fertilizers - slurry, bird droppings.

Top dressing is best timed to coincide with the rains. If the weather is dry, then it is necessary to water the furrow before feeding. Top dressing can be done simultaneously with watering.

When applying top dressing, it is necessary, however, to remember that this method of fertilizing is auxiliary and cannot replace the main fertilizer.

Before fertilizing fruit trees nitrogen fertilizers, especially in young gardens, carefully study the information on the doses and timing of their application. An excess of nitrogen in the soil should not be allowed, as it delays vegetative growth, impairs the ripening of shoots and reduces the winter hardiness of plants. A constant excess of nitrogen, especially with a lack of other elements, leads to the fact that fruit plants may experience a state of so-called "fatting", that is, violent growth in the absence of fruiting. It is not possible to cause the fruiting of "fattening" trees immediately. First of all, it is necessary to weaken nitrogen nutrition and increase phosphorus-potassium, reduce watering. In some cases, it is necessary to resort to the use of special techniques: constriction of branches, banding, etc. Stone fruits, such as cherry and plum, are especially prone to prolonged growth and overgrowth with excess nitrogen nutrition. In this case, their winter hardiness is greatly reduced, and the trees often freeze slightly.

The yield of fruit crops and their stable growth are significantly affected by timely top dressing, which must be carried out regularly and taking into account the growing season of plants.

Fertilizing fruit bushes and trees in the summer is an integral part of proper garden care. When organizing garden feeding, it is important to take into account the development of the root system, shoots and the timing of fruiting trees and shrubs. This approach will protect plants from certain diseases, increase frost resistance and ensure a stable harvest of the current and next year.

The importance of summer top dressing for the development of fruit shrubs and trees

The fruiting and growth of fruit trees and shrubs directly depends on the supply of nutrients in the root system and aboveground plant organs. It is clear that the necessary useful elements for the normal development of shrubs and trees are constantly consumed and they must be replenished in time by feeding the plants with organic and mineral fertilizers.

Spring budding of fruit trees, active growth of shoots, roots and flowering of the garden is mainly due to the nutrients accumulated over the previous summer and autumn. Therefore, it is necessary to lay the foundation for the future harvest in advance, namely in the summer.

In addition, the most active assimilation of nutrients by fruit and berry plants occurs in spring and with the onset of summer, so it is at this time that it is important to support and feed trees and shrubs. However, care must be taken to prevent an overabundance of mineral, organic fertilizers - this can have a detrimental effect on plants, and even fatal for young shrubs and trees.

Types of fertilizers and their effect on the growth of fruit trees and shrubs

Fruit and berry plants in the garden can be fed with organic and mineral fertilizers.

Organic fertilizers include:

compost;
manure;
green manure crops;
slurry.

Compost is a fertilizer consisting of rotted garbage, waste of plant origin.

Do not use undecomposed compost - there is a possibility that viable weed seeds remain in it

Manure that enriches the soil is considered a complete organic fertilizer. useful elements and improving its thermal regime, air and water permeability.

When using manure, it is necessary to pay attention to its condition - rotted manure is a dark brown loose earthy mass. Bird manure has the most effective fertilizing effect on fruit and berry plants (pig manure has a low nutrient content).

The introduction of composts into the soil improves the use and digestibility of mineral fertilizers.

In horticulture, the following mineral fertilizers are used:

nitrogen;
phosphoric;
calcium;
potassium;
microfertilizers.

Nitrogen mineral fertilizers (urea, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate) show best result on sandy soils, and chernozems least need replenishment of nitrogen reserves. Nitrogen-containing top dressing accelerates the growth of trees, shrubs, and is involved in the formation of fruits.

Nitrogen fertilizers are not fixed in the soil and if they were not used by the plant, then over time they are simply washed out of the soil. Therefore, it is necessary to make nitrogen regularly - several times during the year. At the same time, it must be remembered that in order to obtain a visible effect from fertilizers, the soil must be slightly moist when fertilizing, so that ammonia does not evaporate.

Phosphate fertilizers (superphosphate, double superphosphate, bone and phosphate rock) in horticulture are usually used in granular form. Fertilizers based on phosphorus are introduced deep into the soil, since phosphorus fertilizers are firmly fixed in the soil.

The effectiveness of phosphate fertilizers largely depends on their solubility. Superphosphate refers to fast-acting fertilizers, and slowly soluble phosphorus fertilizers should preferably be thoroughly mixed with the soil.

Top dressing in the summer of the orchard with phosphorus fertilizers is usually not done, but the plants are fertilized in the fall.

Fertilizing fruit plants with potash fertilizers (potassium sulfate) helps plants synthesize sugar, improve winter hardiness, drought resistance and increase resistance to fungal diseases. Potassium is well accumulated in chernozems, and is retained weaker on sandy and peaty soils.

Wood ash has a high potassium content and is often used by gardeners to feed fruit trees and shrubs.

important for the proper development of plants and high yield is the timely introduction of microfertilizers, which contain the whole complex of necessary trace elements, such as: manganese, copper, iron, boron, zinc, sulfur, molybdenum.

Organization of feeding fruit trees

how to determine the amount of fertilizer for the orchard

One must be added to the diameter of the tree crown and the resulting value multiplied by 3.14 - the result of the calculation shows the area of soil for fertilization.
The calculated area must be multiplied by the required for 1 sq. m dose of fertilizer.

When organizing the feeding of fruit trees, the following points should be considered:

the intensity of the irrigation regime affects the amount of fertilizer applied - abundant irrigation requires several large doses of nutrients;

if it is planned to carry out a significant pruning of trees, then the amount of fertilizer should be increased for a better growth of young shoots;
liquid fertilizers should be applied around shrubs and trees, going beyond the crown projection by about half a meter;
if the soil is regularly fertilized with ash, then there is no need to fertilize with microelements;
it is necessary to reduce the acidity of the soil (the optimum acidity is 5.5-6.5 Рn), by liming the soil - lime plaster or powdered slaked lime is added to the soil;

to feed young plants, less concentrated preparations should be used;
with the simultaneous application of mineral and organic fertilizers, their rate should be halved.

summer top dressing of pome and stone fruit trees

Summer top dressing of fruit trees is necessary to activate the activity of the root system, as well as to enhance its nutrition. The increased ability of the roots to absorb nutrients contributes to the laying of buds already in the summer, when fruits are weighed on the trees.

It should be noted that pome fruit trees (pear, apple) need higher doses of organic and mineral fertilizers than stone fruit trees (cherry, apricot, cherry, peach).

For feeding apple and pear trees (9-10 years of age), you can adhere to the following fertilizer consumption rates per square meter monthly (June, July, August):

potassium salt - 3 g;
superphosphate - 5 g;
montane saltpeter - 6 g.

Late top dressing in August for adult plants will not do harm, unlike young trees, since all the nutrients will be involved in laying the crop on next year, not for active growth young shoots.

Stone fruit trees should be fed three times during the growing season: the first - before flowering (spring), the second - during the fruiting period, and the third - after harvesting.

Fertilizing cherries in the summer can be organized as follows:

During the fruiting period, the tree should be watered with a solution of the "Berry Giant" (300 grams per bucket of water) with the addition of two tablespoons of urea. "Berry giant" can be replaced with three tablespoons of nitrophoska.
After harvesting, the tree must be fertilized with such a solution: for a bucket of water - three tablespoons of superphosphate and two tablespoons of potassium sulfate.

Carrying out such dressings will help the trees to winter well and protect them from many diseases and pests.

Organization of fertilization of fruit bushes

Berry bushes need intensive top dressing in summer. During the season, it is desirable to carry out four top dressings:

the first - during flowering (mid-May);
the second - during the period of intensive growth of shoots (beginning of June);
the third - at the time of formation of the ovary, pouring berries (June-July);
the fourth - after the harvest.

Fertilizing berry bushes should be carried out after watering or rain

It is advisable to fertilize raspberries at the beginning of summer with mineral fertilizers (liquid): for a bucket of water - 10 grams of potassium chloride, 40 grams of superphosphate, 20 grams of urea (consumption for 6-7 bushes). After fertilization, the soil under the plant must be loosened.

Once every three years, raspberries should be fed with organic fertilizers per 1 sq.m. - 0.5-1 bucket of humus or manure.

Currants are very sensitive to fertilizing. When organizing feeding berry bush it is important to remember that currants do not respond well to the chlorine content in fertilizers, so it is important to correctly calculate the doses of potassium supplements.

Fertilizing currants in the summer can be done in the following steps:

If organic fertilizers were applied under currants in autumn, then the plant must be fed with nitrogen fertilizers (for 10 liters of water - 35 grams of calcium nitrate, 15 grams of ammonium nitrate, 12 grams of urea). If organic fertilizers were not applied before winter, then in spring and summer the shrub should be fed with organic fertilizers (manure must be diluted in water and urea added). Such top dressing should be done three times: the first - in the spring before flowering, and every subsequent one in two weeks.
To increase the content of vitamins in berries, improve their palatability and aroma, it is necessary to make top dressing from ready-made fertilizer mixtures: “Berry”, “Ideal”, “Berry Giant”. During the summer, you can spend three top dressing (the last should be immediately after picking berries).

Gooseberries need higher doses of potash than currants. Gooseberries should be fed in the first half of summer with nitrogen fertilizers (13-16 grams of dry active substance per 1 sq. M) with the addition of potassium and phosphorus (30 grams of superphosphate and 15 grams of potassium sulfate). If top dressing is carried out in dry weather, then dry fertilizers must be dissolved in water.

It is impossible to feed gooseberries with nitrogen fertilizers in the second half of summer, otherwise the young shoots of the plant will become brittle and susceptible to powdery mildew. In addition, such a shrub can not tolerate the harsh weather conditions of winter.

foliar top dressing

As an additional method of top dressing in the summer, foliar top dressing of fruit trees and shrubs is often used. With foliar feeding (spraying), plants receive nutrients directly through the leaves.

For such dressings, both organic and mineral fertilizers are used. A good effect is given by foliar top dressing with microfertilizers. Zinc increases the resistance of trees and shrubs to diseases, boron promotes active and abundant flowering, and manganese increases yield and sugar content in fruits.

When foliar top dressing, weak solutions of fertilizers should be used so as not to damage the leaf tissue. The concentration of urea for foliar top dressing in the summer should be no more than 1%, potassium sulfate or potassium chloride 0.5-1%, superphosphate - up to 5%.

Foliar top dressing of pear and apple trees can be carried out with a solution of zinc sulfate (0.2 g / l), borax (1 g / l) or manganese sulfate (0.2 g / l). If you combine all three trace elements at the same time, then the dose of each must be halved.

After harvesting, the currant bush can be treated with a solution: for one bucket of water - 5 g of potassium permanganate, 10 g of copper sulfate, 2 g of boric acid. It is necessary to spray currant bushes in the evening.

For gooseberries, foliar top dressing with potash and phosphorus (1-2%) fertilizers, as well as trace elements are very useful: manganese sulfate (0.1-0.5%) and boric acid (0,01-0,05%).

At the beginning of summer and after harvesting, raspberries can be treated with zinc or manganese sulfate (5-10 g per 10 liters of water), blue vitriol(about 5 g per 10 liters of water) or molybdenum ammonium (1-3 g per bucket of water).

Timely feeding of trees and shrubs will allow you to get a high yield every year and enjoy the beautiful, well-groomed appearance of the orchard.

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