How to fertilize fruit trees. Foliar top dressing, as it should be. Helping hazelnuts bear fruit

Most trees grow for many years in one place, gradually drawing nutrients from the soil. Over time, they begin to be missed, the plants get sick, wither, give poor harvests. top dressing fruit trees autumn is designed to solve this problem.

Why is autumn tree dressing necessary?

A rich harvest depletes the reserves of substances necessary for fruit trees for further growth and development. The missing trace elements are replenished with the help of top dressing during the preparation of plants for winter, when sap flow stops. Fertilizers help trees get through the harsh season and prepare for the next growing season.

After mid-summer, nitrogen compounds are not introduced into the soil

To strengthen the immunity of trees, they are provided with nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus. True, it is dangerous to add nitrogen before wintering: the trees will “think” that spring has come, many young shoots will appear, before the onset of cold weather they will not have time to become covered with wood and die.

It is especially important to give a nutrient mixture to trees such as:

• apricot;
• cherry;
• pear;
• peach;
• plum;
• cherries;
• Apple tree.

Experienced gardeners feed plum, cherry and apricot trees with superphosphate and potassium monophosphate: 15 g of top dressing per 10-liter bucket of water is enough to fertilize 1 sq. m of soil. With a dry method of embedding in the ground, you will need 30 g of granules per 1 sq. m.

There are specialized fertilizers for fruit trees, for berry crops, for the whole garden marked "autumn"

In heavy clay soil sawdust is added (preferably rotted, but fresh can also be used). So the soil becomes lighter, breathable.

Some beginner gardeners bury fallen leaves under the trees. However, they do not know that pests, larvae, and microorganisms enter the soil with it.

It is better to bury overripe healthy zucchini near the roots - a small compost pit is obtained.

How to feed garden crops depending on their age

Many gardeners successfully replace potassium-phosphorus mineral fertilizers with ash

3-4 weeks before the upcoming frosts, small ditches are made around fruit trees. For 1 sq. m of the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe distribution of the roots contribute:

• potassium salt (1.5 matchboxes);
• superphosphate (1/4 st.);
• humus (5 kg).

Seedlings in autumn are especially useful to feed wood ash. Under fruit trees not older than 8 years, 3.5 buckets of humus with a volume of 10 liters are brought in, for older ones - 6 such buckets with a slide. Fertilizer close up to a depth during the digging of the earth.

During autumn transplant fertilizers other than spring fertilizers are applied to the soil. Since nitrogen is undesirable, it is better to concentrate on other nutrients Oh. So, fresh manure is poured into the bottom of the pit and separated from the roots of the seedling by a layer of earth. But overripe is preferable. Used 5 buckets per pit. Manure is mixed with a substrate of peat or old compost, sand, original soil.

The rate of double superphosphate per 1 planting hole is 100–200 g; potassium sulphate - 150–300 g. Once every 3–4 years, you can use phosphorite flour - a long-acting autumn top dressing.

5 most popular fruit tree dressings in autumn

Organic top dressing helps to increase productivity, improve the composition of the soil. Mineral Support root system. It is best to combine both of them: in this way the soil will be saturated with all the important trace elements necessary for wintering. Stores sell special mixtures for autumn feeding.

wood ash

In autumn, it is important to improve the structure of the earth on garden plot. Acidify the earth with wood ash: 1/4 kg per 1 sq. m. In the composition of top dressing there is no nitrogen, but there are easily digestible potassium, phosphorus and calcium. The ash contains a little boron, zinc, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese. These substances improve the immunity of plantings.

Ash is considered a natural source of phosphorus and potassium, the concentration of which varies from the original burned material

Before September top dressing, generous watering of the soil is required. A lot of water is required: from 200 liters to 250 liters for each tree. The amount of liquid depends on the age of the plant and the scope of its crown. For better absorption of moisture, the earth near the trunk is dug up. Then ash fertilizer is applied (200 g per 1 sq. M), watered and mulched to reduce evaporation and heat the roots.

Ash is obtained by burning leaves, branches, unnecessary bark and stored in a place protected from moisture. The percentage of nutrients in organic top dressing depends on the raw materials:

• Ash left after incineration vines, potato tops and sunflowers, rich in potassium (40%).
• Birch, ash, oak ash contains about 30% calcium.
• In fertilizer obtained from coniferous trees and shrubs, a lot of phosphorus.

Recently, modern gardeners are increasingly replacing manure with green manure (green fertilizers). They have the same nutritional value, but are much cheaper. And yes, they are easier to use.

The plant remains contain full complex nutrients: nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus

Plants grown as autumn fertilizer, cut from the garden and laid under fruit trees with a layer of 15–20 cm. Dig up with soil and water abundantly. For faster decay, mulch with straw.

Convenient when green fertilizers grow directly under the trees. Then green manure plants are not cut off for the winter - they themselves will die from frost, and by spring they will partially decompose by soil microorganisms.

Thanks to green manure and other organic top dressing, the thickness of the fertile layer increases. Fertilizers enter the soil, where they become food for soil bacteria and earthworms. With rainwater, nutrient residues reach the lower layers. Microorganisms penetrate there - after food - and leave products of their vital activity there.

potassium sulfate

Potassium sulfate (potassium sulphate) - feeding in the form of granules, which includes not only potassium (50%), but also sulfur (18%), oxygen, magnesium, calcium.

Potassium is necessary for the growth and development of garden plantings, for good fruiting. This microelement improves the immune defense and metabolism of plants by cellular level, removes excess moisture, and the juice becomes thicker. During the autumn planting of seedlings, 150–200 g of potassium sulfate is required per planting hole.

Pre-winter moisture-charging watering will preserve the root system of the tree in severe frosts, eliminate the possibility of sunburn branches and bark

It is best to apply fertilizer while loosening the soil around the trunk: 30 g per 1 sq. m. It is desirable to close the granules to the depth where most of the root system is located. Through it, trees better absorb nutrients. The heavier the soil, the greater the depth.

Superphosphate

Superphosphate - mineral top dressing. Usually applied together with potash fertilizers. This tandem is more effective than when the elements are applied separately. Phosphorus supports and strengthens the root system, helps cell sap to accumulate proteins and sugars. Thanks to this, the trees survive the cold more easily.

Apple and pear trees require 300 g of superphosphate and 200 potassium sulfate. Sometimes they are buried in the ground along with humus. But do not forget that phosphorus granules scattered on the ground will not get to the roots themselves. Plums and cherries are generously watered with a solution: 3 tbsp. l. superphosphate and 2 tbsp. l. potassium sulfate per 10 liters of water. Each tree takes 4-5 buckets.

inkstone

For foliar top dressing with a lack of iron in the soil, apply inkstone. In addition, it destroys fungal spores, moss and lichens on the bark. Protective clothing and goggles should be worn when working with toxic substances.

In addition to fertilizing, it is also important to treat the garden from pests in the fall.

Iron deficiency is calculated by the chlorosis of young leaves (a disease in which the leaves turn pale yellow), while the old ones do not change color. To compensate for the lack of this element, 50 g of ferrous sulfate is diluted in 10 liters of water.

Video: autumn care for fruit trees

Fertilizing fruit trees before the onset of cold weather is extremely important. Soil saturation useful substances helps horticultural crops survive the winter. Each gardener chooses those fertilizers with which it is more convenient for him to work.

Fertilizing trees in the spring is one of the main activities aimed at ensuring good growth trees and increase their productivity. At correct use fertilizer yield can be increased by 50-100% without deteriorating the quality of the fruit.

fertilizers not only supply the trees with nutrients, but also improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil, increase its fertility. The effectiveness of fertilizers increases if they are used in combination with other agrotechnical measures. Wherein great importance has the presence of moisture in the soil, without which fertilizers can even harm.

When fertilizing should be considered biological features individual tree species, primarily their winter hardiness, the need for individual nutrients in different age periods and during the growing season. Both at a young and at a productive age, trees need more nitrogen and potassium, less - phosphorus. These basic nutrients are taken out of the soil at a ratio of approximately 3:3:1.

With the age of the trees and the increase in yield, the level of nutrient removal increases. Every year, fruit-bearing trees are taken out of the soil with an area of ​​100 square meters. m for 0.9-1.2 kg of nitrogen, 0.9-1 kg of potassium and 0.3-0.4 kg of phosphorus. These losses must be replenished by fertilization.

The amount of nitrogen and phosphorus is directly dependent on the amount of humus, and the amount of potassium is related to the mechanical composition of the soil. On sandy soils, the last element is much less than on clay and dry soils. clay soils.

What kind of fertilizer do fruit trees need in spring?

The need for nutrients varies significantly in fruit trees during the growing season. In early spring and at the beginning of the growing season, plants need primarily potassium, nitrogen and phosphorus are required a little less at this time. During the flowering period and after it, during the intensive growth of shoots and the formation of fruits, there is a maximum need for nitrogen and phosphorus nutrition. In the second half of the growing season, when growth processes slow down, the need for potassium nutrition increases, which contributes to better maturation of growths and an increase in winter hardiness of trees.

In order to create optimal conditions for the growth, development and fruiting of trees in the garden, it is necessary to combine the application of organic and mineral fertilizers.

It is advisable to ensure that they are introduced in a 1: 1 ratio, that is, one half of the norm of nutrients is provided by organic fertilizers, and the second - due to mineral. With a high content of humus in the soil, as well as with the use of irrigation, mineral fertilizers are preferred.

If there is a sufficient amount of organic fertilizers containing all necessary elements nutrition, mineral fertilizers can be omitted. In this case, the most favorable nutritional regime is created, the soil structure improves, and the activity of beneficial microbiological processes increases.

The application of fertilizers maximum effect in the event that these substances enter the zone of activity of the active root system of fruit trees. This is especially true for slow-moving fertilizers, which for the most part remain in the application zone. Based on such features, phosphorus, potash and organic fertilizers should be applied in the fall for digging.

nitrogen fertilizers, especially in nitrate form, are more mobile, and on light sandy soils during the growing season they can be washed to a depth of 100 cm or more, so they are recommended to be applied in spring and summer when top dressing. Nitrogen fertilizers in ammonia and amide forms, especially on loamy and clay soils, can be applied partially (25-30%) from autumn, the rest - in early spring. In young gardens, it is advisable to fertilize the soil in near-trunk circles or strips, in older ones - over the entire area.

Fertilizer rates depend primarily on the type of soil, the age and productivity of trees, and the availability of irrigation. If during the planting of trees a sufficient amount of organic and mineral fertilizers is applied, then in the first 2-3 years only nitrogen fertilizers are used at the rate of 6-9 g of active ingredient per 1 sq. m of the standard strip or circle. This means, for example, that ammonium nitrate, which contains 34-35% nitrogen, must be added up to 27 g, synthetic urea (46% nitrogen) - 18-20 g.

The application rates of mineral fertilizers in older orchards in different soil-climatic zones of Ukraine on different types of soils (in g of active ingredient per 1 sq. m of fertilized area) are given in the table.

In the forest-steppe and steppe when irrigated, the norms of mineral fertilizers can be increased by 20-30%. When the content of the soil under turfing perennial herbs or growing in the aisles of other crops, their rate is increased by another 20%.

organic fertilizers in young and fruitful plantations, it should be applied once every 2-4 years at the rate of 3-6 kg (depending on the age of the trees) per 1 sq. m of fertilized area.

It should be noted that fertilizer rates given in the table are indicative. They need to be updated every 3-5 years, in accordance with the data of the chemical analysis of the soil and leaves, carried out in the agrochemical laboratory. If there is no opportunity for such studies, then the fertilizer rates are specified depending on the condition of the trees, their growth and yield.

The calculated rate of fertilizer can be applied in autumn and early spring, and partially - during the growing season in the form of top dressing. However, one should not abuse the amount of fertilizers, since their excess negatively affects the winter hardiness of trees, the quality and storage of fruits.

Allocate root top dressing when fertilizers are applied directly to the soil, and foliar, when fertilizers dissolved in water
spray trees during the growing season. Foliar top dressing often combined with spraying trees with pesticides.

Root top dressing are most effective when the soil is sufficiently moist. They are carried out during the period of precipitation or during irrigation. For this, organic and mineral fertilizers are used, which are highly soluble in water. Most often, bird droppings are used for root dressings in the amount of 100-120 g per 1 sq. m, diluted with water 8-10 times, manure - up to 500 g per 1 sq. m, diluted with water 4-5 times.

Root top dressing of plants is also effective. mineral fertilizers at the rate of 3-4 g of active ingredient per 1 sq. m, diluted with water 10-20 times. For top dressing, mainly urea, potassium salt, potassium sulfate are used. Superphosphate is poorly soluble in water, so it is better to make it in the fall for digging.

Foliar top dressing carried out, as a rule, with microelements in small concentrations. Most often, zinc sulfate, iron complexes (chelates), iron sulfate, boric acid, copper sulfate, manganese sulfate, ammonium molybdenum, etc.

When fertilizing, it is necessary to take into account the characteristics of the soil of the site: the degree of its fertility and the availability of nutrients, as well as the reaction of the environment (it is favorable or not quite for the growth of fruit and berry plants), the mechanical composition of the soil (it is heavy, clay or light, mixed with sand) , plantation age, etc.

Fertilizer use

In the first years of life, plants are especially demanding on phosphorus, since it stimulates the growth of roots and provides an increase in the above-ground mass.

Phosphorus and potash fertilizers, as noted above, are characterized by low mobility and are fixed mainly in the zone of application to the soil. Therefore, it is very important to apply them deeply, even before planting trees and shrubs, with increased doses designed for a long period of action.

The use of nitrogen fertilizers in the care of the garden due to their good solubility and mobility in the soil is not difficult. The main task in their application is to prevent losses of nitrogen, since its ammonia form is volatile, and its nitrate form is mobile, especially on light soils and during irrigation.

Therefore, all nitrogen fertilizers applied in dry form must be immediately embedded in the ground.

On light soils and when irrigating high single doses of nitrogen fertilizers, they are not used, but they are applied fractionally and more often than on heavy soils and without irrigation. The gardener should remember that in the first half of summer, plants need all three main nutrients - nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. An excess of nitrogen in the second half of summer can cause their protracted growth and therefore reduce winter hardiness, especially of stone fruit crops.

Fertilization

Fertilizers for apple trees, pears, cherries, plums are applied to landing pits, and in the areas allotted for berry fields - for digging. At the same time, rotted manure and phosphorus-potassium fertilizers are used. Superphosphate is best applied in the form of an organo-mineral mixture. On a bucket of bulk manure, take 300 g of simple superphosphate or 150 g. - double. Superphosphate is mixed with wet organic matter 2 weeks prior to entry. Under the apple tree, 2-3 buckets of such a mixture are brought into the pit; in total this is 15-25 kg of manure, 450-900 g of superphosphate. Potash fertilizers are applied at 200-300 g. Under stone fruit crops, the doses of fertilizers are halved. It is not recommended to introduce unripe manure and nitrogen fertilizers into the pits. With good pre-planting soil dressing, trees in the first 4-5 or more years usually do not need additional application of phosphorus- potash fertilizers. Manure in the first year after planting is brought in in the form of mulch and sealed up when digging. In the future, organic fertilizers are recommended to be applied for 4-5 years, before the garden begins to bear fruit.

The introduction of nitrogen fertilizers should begin from 2-3 years after planting, when the plants take root and get stronger. When introduced in the year of planting, they can cause a burn of young roots and worsen the survival of plants. In the young garden fertile soil need for nitrogen fruit plants usually occurs in early spring when the process of natural microbiological formation of nitrates is suppressed. In this regard, nitrogen fertilizers containing nitrogen in the nitrate form (ammonium nitrate) are applied at a dose of 15-20 g per 1 m 2. This work is carried out when the bulk of the snow has gone, but in the morning the soil still freezes. If for some reason it was not possible to apply fertilizer at this time, then it is applied before the first spring loosening of the soil (harrowing).

In the first years, fertilizers have a weak effect on the growth of trees, but as they approach fruiting, their effect increases more and more. With the entry of tree species into fruiting, the fertilizer application system consists of autumn (basic) application, spring and top dressing. The main thing is the main thing, when in the fall, for digging, organic fertilizers (manure, compost) and phosphorus-potassium fertilizers (30-45 g of superphosphate and 20-25 g of potassium sulfate or chloride per 1 m 2) are applied. Autumn application of chlorine-containing potash fertilizers contributes to the leaching of chlorine from the soil.

Deep application of phosphorus-potassium fertilizers, as already noted, contributes to the development of a powerful root system. It is carried out in furrows, annular grooves, etc. the best way is focal. The foci are holes made along the periphery of the crown to a depth of 30-35 cm. running meter one hole is placed. The amount of fertilizer intended for application under one tree is distributed equally to all holes.

Effective joint application of mineral fertilizers with organic. The norm of mineral fertilizers is reduced by half.

Spring fertilization for fruit trees usually consists of using ammonium nitrate, this has already been discussed in detail above. But if organic and phosphorus-potassium fertilizers were not applied in the fall, they must be applied in the spring (preferably in the wells).

Fertilizing is also important for fruit bearing trees. In non-irrigated gardens, they are most often limited to the early spring application of ammonium nitrate, since in the absence of irrigation, top dressing is ineffective. The application rate is 15-20 g per 1 m 2 during the entry of the garden into fruiting and 20-25 g - with full fruiting.

In irrigated orchards, there is a danger of leaching of mobile nitrogen into the deep layers, especially on light soils. At the same time, fruit-bearing orchards are especially in need of nitrogen fertilizer. Therefore, in a fruit-bearing irrigated garden, in addition to the early spring application of nitrogen fertilizers, one or two top dressings are carried out during the growing season. The first - nitrogen fertilizer (ammonium nitrate) after physiological shedding of the ovary - at a dose of 10 g per 1 m 2. At high yield after 20-25 days, a second top dressing should be carried out. It is carried out with complete fertilizer and contributes to the normal laying of flower buds for the crop. next year. It is advisable to use complex fertilizers: nitrophoska (25-30 g per 1 m2) or nitroammofoska (20 g per 1 m 2) with the addition of potassium sulfate or chloride (10 g per 1 m 2).

In a lean year, they are limited only to the main fertilizer and the spring application of nitrogen, since in this case the consumption of nutrients goes only to increase the vegetative mass and lay flower buds for the next year's crop. It is necessary to restrain the laying of the kidneys so as not to overload the tree with a crop in a year.

Mineral fertilizers when top dressing can be applied both in liquid and dry form. In the first case, the fertilizer should be dissolved in water - 20-30 g per 10 liters, in the second - subsequent watering is required.

Good results are obtained by top dressing with local liquid organic fertilizers - slurry, bird droppings, which are applied at the rate of 1 bucket per 2-3 m of furrow. They are cut along the periphery of the tree crown from two or four sides, one or two at a time, with a depth: for apple and pear trees - 15-18 cm, for plums and cherries - 12-14 cm. Bird droppings are diluted with water in a ratio of 1:12, slurry - 1:4. Top dressing is best timed to coincide with the rains. If the weather is dry, then the furrows must be watered. Top dressing can be done simultaneously with watering. When applying top dressing, however, it must be remembered that this method of fertilizing is auxiliary and cannot replace the main fertilizer. The use of nitrogen fertilizers, especially in young gardens, must be approached carefully, strictly observing the doses and terms of application. A constant excess of nitrogen, especially in the case of a lack of other elements, leads to the fact that in young plants a state of so-called "fatting" may occur, that is, violent growth in the absence of fruiting. It is not immediately possible to cause fruiting in fattening trees. To do this, first of all, it is necessary to weaken the nitrogen supply, and at the same time, increase the phosphorus-potassium supply, reduce watering. In some cases, one has to resort to the use of special techniques: hauling branches, banding, etc.

strawberry fertilizer

When preparing the site for its August planting, it is necessary in advance, at the beginning of summer for digging, to apply organic fertilizers: semi-decomposed manure, humus or compost - 4-5 kg ​​per 1 m2, as well as mineral fertilizers: double granular superphosphate - 20-25 g per 1 m 2 and potassium sulfate - 25-30 g each. Early in the spring of the next year and annually thereafter, nitrogen supplements are given with ammonium nitrate at a dose of 20-25 g per 1 m 2. After harvesting, every year, for digging row spacing, full mineral fertilizer is applied. For this purpose, complex fertilizers are used: nitrophoska or azofoska at a dose of 40-50 g per 1 m2.

Instead, you can add ammophos at a dose of 15-20 g per 1 m 2 and potassium sulfate - 20-25 g. This will help a good laying of fruit buds for next year's harvest.

You can use bird droppings in liquid form, diluted 12-15 times, instead of mineral top dressing.

The growth of trees and shrubs, their fertility depends primarily on their nutrition. It is important that they have a constant supply of such elements: calcium, carbon, potassium, nitrogen, phosphorus, iodine, magnesium, sodium and a number of other minerals. Trees are periodically fertilized for this purpose.

Proper fertilization requires knowledge of soil characteristics: mechanical composition, environmental reaction, degree of fertility, age of plantations, etc.

1 Types of fertilizers

Substances that increase the fertility of the earth are classified in various ways. The most common classification is as follows:

• by origin: organic and mineral fertilizers;
• according to the method of application: top dressing, pre-sowing, surface, intrasoil;
• according to the method of feeding: foliar, root top dressing.

Let's consider some of them. Organic include: bird droppings, manure, sawdust, compost, peat. They improve soil structure, water and air regimes. Thanks to them, the earth is enriched with nutrients, humus. This type of fertilizer is more popular because it is natural and readily available.

Manure containing copper, copper boron, cobalt, molybdenum, manganese is considered a common organic substance. The advantage of bird droppings - more content nutrients and economy.

Minerals are required for the soil to replenish it with nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus. Any plant at each stage of life requires the necessary amount of these elements. For the winter, trees need to be fed with potassium, which will prepare the plant for the upcoming frosts. In spring and autumn during active growth will introduce nitrogen into the soil, at the stage of germination - phosphorus.

1.1 Fertilizing fruit trees

The soil where fruit trees grow, especially those in the fruiting phase, “gets poorer” over time. Therefore, all gardening specialists replenish its stocks. Fertilizing fruit is carried out in two ways: mineral / organic. Often, amateur gardeners have a question: “What is the best way to fertilize fruit trees?” It is most expedient to feed plantings with organic matter, which contains the entire list of necessary substances, improves the condition land plot, its friability, makes the soil available for air penetration.

Minerals will enrich the plant with nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium. The main supplier of nitrogen is: ammonium nitrate carbamide or urea; phosphorus - superphosphate, potassium - potassium salt. Fertilizers are applied in two doses, in autumn and spring. In the spring, fruit trees require more nitrogen compounds, which cause their enhanced growth. An approximate dose is 20-30 gr. per 1 sq. m of soil, with its significant depletion, the dose increases. And in the fall, under fruit trees, when they are preparing for winter, you need phosphate elements, substances containing potassium.

Exactly at autumn period more fertilizer is applied. Usually organic compounds scatter in an arbitrary layered circle, and then dig a shovel bayonet (20-30 cm deep) onto the floor. It is better to give preference to well-rotted manure. The amount of fertilizer depends on the size of the tree. Most often, a bucket is enough, the standard dosage is per 1 sq. m layer circle 1-1.5 buckets of manure or compost. Along the perimeter of the crown projection, it is necessary to make a groove, a depth of 30 cm. A half dose of the autumn norm of nutrients is scattered around it in a circle.

When choosing superphosphate, half a glass is enough. After doing these steps, mix the fertilizer with the soil. Put the rest on top, and again upper layer mixes with the earth. Applying nutrients in this sequential manner will allow them to be evenly distributed without burning the roots of the plant.

In addition to the basic procedures for the nutrition of fruit trees, experts identify efficient use top dressing. These are fast acting ingredients. These measures are necessary if for some reason you have not fertilized your Orchard autumn. You need to prepare the slurry. Manure is placed in a large barrel for a third, filled with water. For several days, while the solution is infused, it should be thoroughly mixed. After the concentrated liquid, dilute with water five times, if you use chicken manure- at 10. Pour a hole around the tree with a solution.

In addition to top dressing with organic matter, you can use minerals: ammonium nitrate, nitrogen fertilizers. 1 st. the spoon is diluted into a bucket of water and, in the same way, is poured into the near-trunk circle. At the end, it is desirable to water the plant so that all substances are evenly distributed throughout the root system.

Top dressing through the foliage, foliar are also effective. Best to take nitrogen fertilizer carbamide. In the spring, spray it with a solution over the leaves of trees (about 30 grams per bucket of water). In August, for better budding on next year you can use superphosphate. Somewhere around 100-150 gr. a substance containing phosphate is dissolved on a bucket of water, and then sprayed on the external organs of the plant. Spraying is done in cloudy weather or in the evening, when the sun is no longer scorching.

1.2 How and with what to fertilize fruit trees (video)

1.3 Fertilizing coniferous trees

Various coniferous trees are gaining the most popularity for decorating front facades. Only those that give a noticeable increase look more beautiful, healthy plants receiving constant nourishment. In order to properly organize the procedures for feeding, you need to know what fertilizers for coniferous trees should be used. So, for example, ordinary garden mixtures or complex type fertilizers are not suitable for evergreens. Dung is even worse. They are aimed at intensive growth, which in conifers ends with yellowing and even death of some specimens.

In this case, it is better to produce nutrients not independently, but to purchase them in specialized stores. When buying this product, you should pay attention to its composition. When choosing a fertilizer for conifers, the presence of magnesium is a prerequisite. He - component chlorophyll molecule, takes an active part in photosynthesis. According to experts, mineral substances should be used for baiting evergreens, and rotted compost, biohumus, which is the result of processing worms, should be used as organic matter.

Trees and shrubs conifers fed twice a season. This is done for the first time during the period of growth activation, i.e. in May. The second time is at the end of summer. If you fertilize late, the growth that has appeared will not have time to ripen by the onset of cold weather. In order for the roots to quickly assimilate the introduced elements, it is advisable to use liquid types of top dressing. To ensure long-term action, granules are used. The effect of them is observed in a quarter or half a year.

Ready liquid fertilizers should be diluted to the required concentration, as indicated in the instructions. The liquid is poured into the holes, previously made around the perimeter of the crown. Then they are sprinkled with earth. Granules are sprinkled evenly over the surface trunk circle, with the help of a chopper, mixed with the soil when digging. Compost and humus are added in a similar way.

1.4 Feeding the money tree

Money tree or fat woman - the plant is not whimsical. Its feeding is not difficult. Fertilization procedures are carried out only after watering. It is recommended to feed in the spring-summer period (April-August). Ideally, once a month. For money tree supplements are used for:

• succulents;
• cactus,
• humisol GUMI.

The rest of the time they are fed less often, the concentration of the fertilizer is diluted 1.5-2 times.

2 How to fertilize trees in autumn?

Fertilizing plants in the fall is a priority issue, since this period for feeding is the most crucial time. Fertilization with useful compounds is carried out until the end of September. Those who are interested in what fertilizers to apply in the fall should choose minerals. The complex method will show best effect. Only root feeding is used.

If the soil is sandy or sandy, more fertilizer will be needed. Under trees, 8-year-olds make 30 kg of humus, under crops of 9 years of age and older - 50 kg. The fertilizer is placed into the soil at a depth of 20 cm. Complex mineral fertilizers are very convenient to use. For orchard recommended:

• fruit garden;
• Universal;
• Kemira.

When using them, follow the instructions on the package exactly.

" Trees

Many novice gardeners mistakenly believe that plants need to be fed for initial stage growing season and are limited to fertilizing in the spring. However, the end of the season is always accompanied by work to prepare the crop for wintering. And one of the important activities is the introduction of a nutrient mixture to strengthen the root system and immunity in general. How and with what to feed garden fruit trees in the fall in the garden, we will talk further.

Enriching the soil with nutrients in autumn allows plants to obtain the necessary microelements that strengthen protective functions even before the onset of cold weather. A strong tree winters without much loss and actively enters the growing season, intensively throwing out new shoots and buds. The lack of stress helps abundant flowering and long period fruiting. Good immunity provides resistance to attacks by insects and pathogens.

• For, or more liquid feeding is suitable, consisting of 2 tbsp. l. potassium sulfate, 3 tbsp. l. superphosphate and a bucket of water. 4 buckets of solution are consumed per plant.
• Quince is better to fertilize dry way, distributing on the stem circle 30 gr. superphosphate and 20 gr. potassium salt (per 1 m2).
• To fertilize the land on which peaches grow, you will need 110-150 gr. superphosphate and 45-65 gr. potassium salt. Minerals are incorporated into the soil along the stem circle.

Timing for autumn feeding

It is possible to carry out work on preparing plantings for winter throughout September and part of October, until the first frosts. But it is also not worth delaying the procedure in time, the plant will need time to absorb the nutrients received during the processing. If you enrich the land before the establishment of stable cold weather, the tree will not have time to gain strength, which means that top dressing will be ineffective.

Before applying the nutrient mixture, it is recommended to clean the soil surface from fallen leaves, cut off dried and damaged branches, repair traces of mechanical damage on the trunk, if any. Also, the preparation involves digging the trunk in a circle with a immersion slightly less than the bayonet of a shovel. The result is a near-trunk circle.

How to fertilize planting before winter

There are several types of fertilizers, each of which deserves attention. Before using it, it will not be superfluous to familiarize yourself with the advantages of one or another option in order to choose the most effective top dressing.

Mineral autumn top dressing in September and October

This type of plant nutrition has a simple chemical composition from safe for plants and environment trace elements. Existing mineral fertilizers are conditionally divided into simple and complex. These definitions are conditional, since even simple options contain enough nutrients for the normal development of the culture. Complex formulations contain 2-3 main components and several additional ones, presented in a small dosage.

The granules can be spread on the surface of the soil around the stem part of the tree, followed by watering and incorporation, or pre-dissolved in water to irrigate the plant under the root.

Mineral supplements Can be used both dry and diluted

Phosphorus compounds for fruit trees

Ammophos is also considered the most popular fertilizer in horticulture from the phosphate group. There is an opinion that it is better to choose double superphosphate, it contains less gypsum, and the dosage of the main component is increased.

Phosphorus slows down the process of dissolution of the compounds used in top dressing. This increases the efficiency of the procedure for enriching the soil with nutrients. The advantages of phosphorus compounds lies in the ability to strengthen the root system, give the plant strength and energy. Phosphorus also contributes to the accumulation of sugar and protein in the sap of the tree.

Good potash fertilizers

Autumn fertilizing with a potassium composition allows even fragile plants to survive severe frosts. Two types of fertilizers are produced: chloride and sulfate. Before use, you should familiarize yourself with the susceptibility of each fruit tree to chlorine and sulfur. For example, pear and apple trees respond well to chlorine, which cannot be said about fruit bushes.

When applying potassium fertilizers, it is important to take into account the environment in the soil so as not to acidify it, for example, with potassium sulfate.

Potassium fertilizers help plants survive the cold

Compound Fertilizers to Boost Yields

The use of mixed dressings is also relevant for autumn preparation for winter. As an option, close up a mixture of the following components in the holes at the roots:

• humus (5 kg);
• superphosphate (50 gr.);
• chloride or potassium sulfate (30 gr.).

The composition must first be mixed well so that all substances are evenly distributed. After filling with soil, the pits should be poured with water.

For young crops, whose age does not exceed 5 years, organic matter is taken in a lower dosage. And for trees older than 8 years, the amount of fertilizer increases by 20-30%.

Another type of combined nutrition is phosphorus-potassium compounds. A balanced product facilitates application and enriches the soil with all the necessary valuable minerals.

Combined dressings are good for beginners who do not yet understand how to care for plantings.

Vegetable ash for garden autumn dressing

Vegetable ash is considered universal remedy, which can be used dry and dissolved in water. This top dressing is suitable for almost all crops. Thanks to the ash, the soil is deoxidized, enriched with microelements necessary for normal vegetation:

• magnesium;
• calcium;
• potassium;
• zinc;
• copper;
• sulfur and other substances.

When using this fertilizer, it is worth considering that the proportions of the microelements included in the composition vary depending on the feedstock (grass, straw, peat).

Wood ash belongs to the potash types of fertilizer due to the high content of a component such as potassium. Hardwoods have an indicator of 14-16%, conifers - 4-6%.

Ash top dressing has the following advantages:

• stems and trunks of plants are strengthened;
• immunity is strengthened, which increases the chances of survival in the winter;
• the resistance of the culture to various infections and viruses increases;
• the presence of potassium keeps from rapid growth and premature ripening of fruits;
• the main component is involved in photosynthesis, converting nutrients into starch.

Using vegetable ash for feeding plantings, it is recommended to adhere to the consumption rate: 250 grams per 1 m2.

How to feed shrubs with organic matter in the garden

To ensure the nutrition of fruit plantations, it is appropriate to use almost all types of organic fertilizers:,. Often organics are combined with mineral fertilizers, which creates optimal conditions to saturate the soil valuable trace elements and maintaining the vitality of plants in the cold season.

More often it is embedded in the soil around the trunk to a depth of 10-15 cm. But it is also allowed to enrich the soil with a solution prepared on the basis of manure or bird droppings. In the manufacture of liquid nutrition, it is worth strictly adhering to consumption rates and dosages so as not to burn the plant.

Autumn fertilizer differs in the compositions used and the proportions used for young seedlings and mature trees. A large dosage of nutrients will negatively affect the development of the plant, and in some cases will provoke its death.

It is necessary to feed dry. Nutrients are embedded in the ground around the trunk of a tree or covered over the surface of the soil as mulch. If you use the same minerals or organics in combination with water, then you get no less valuable liquid feeds that you water the plants under the root. The effectiveness of this treatment lies in the fact that all the components used are distributed evenly in the soil.

The main advantage of liquid fertilizers lies in the form of nutrients available to plants. This type of feeding is especially suitable for those crops that have a long period of growth.

The most popular fertilizers based on or. To prepare the solution, first a small part of the organic matter is infused for a week in water, obtaining a concentrated liquid. For further use, it will be necessary to dilute the workpiece with water and water the plants under the root 2-3 times per season, including autumn.

Properly carried out shrubby autumn dressing strengthen the immunity of fruit trees, which will allow them to survive painlessly harsh winter and increase yield. And what fertilizer to choose and apply under fruit trees and berry bushes- it's up to you!