Technology for making blocks at home. How to open the production of gas silicate blocks. Manufacturing in a block form

The use of cinder blocks in construction can reduce the cost of building walls several times. For the manufacture of this material requires special equipment, the purchase of which is a rather costly process. We suggest studying recommendations on how to make a machine for cinder blocks with your own hands.

Cinder block - features of the material and its purpose

They call it cinder block construction material, in appearance it is similar to a stone, which is made using the vibro press method. For its production, a filler in the form of slag is used, and a cement mortar acts as a binder.

There are two options for the production of cinder blocks:

• industrial;
• independent or home.

To make a cinder block with their own hands, small-sized vibrating machines are used, which are capable of producing small batches of this material.

In relation to the main components of the cinder block, namely slag, it includes one of the materials in the form:

• slag;
• volcanic ash;
• granite screenings;
• crushed granite;
• river gravel;
• sand;
• brick stone;
• cement;
• expanded clay, etc.

The material, the manufacture of which we will talk about later, has lower quality characteristics and durability. It is perfect for the construction of utility buildings, sheds, storage facilities.

Home-made cinder block does not allow you to spend the entire technological process in relation to all the requirements that are placed on it.

In order for the cinder block to acquire the necessary rigidity, it is necessary to withstand steaming, through which it is saturated with moisture and heated to certain temperature which increases the strength of the cement. Although with the help of blocks made on a home vibrating machine you will get an excellent one-story building with a minimum service life of 25 years.

Cinder block machine: manufacturing features

To build this kind of machine, you should have the skills to work with a welding machine and a plumbing tool.

As main part a home-made machine for a cinder block is a matrix, which has a shape for installing a solution. The matrix has the form of a metal box, in which there are certain elements that provide voids in an already manufactured product.

It is the matrix that is a kind of machine, the manufacture of which will require the presence of:

• welding machine;
• grinders;
• vise;
• locksmith tool.

As materials you will need to purchase:

• sheet of metal, 3 mm thick, 1 m² in size;
• one meter steel pipe, with a diameter of 7.5 to 9 cm;
• steel strip 3 mm thick and 30 cm long;
• electric motor, power up to 0.75 kW;
• fasteners in the form of bolts and nuts.

DIY instructions for making a cinder block machine:

1. First, determine the dimensions of the product that is necessary for construction. It is possible to measure an already finished cinder block, industrial production.

2. From sheet metal cut out the side sections of the machine, there should be two of them, and there is a partition between them. You get a box that has two equal parts.

3. A bottom wall remains in the voids, the thickness of which is at least 3 cm. Thus, it will be possible to determine the height of the cylinder that will limit the voids.

4. Cut the pipe into six pieces, the length of which will equal the height of the void.

5. To make each of the cylinders tapered, it is necessary to cut each of them to the center, and then compress with a vice and weld to each other by welding. In this case, the size of the diameter will become two millimeters smaller.

6. Weld the cylinders on both sides and connect them together on the long side of the block. They should be located in such a way that the voids that will be formed exactly copy the voids of industrial production.

7. A plate, 3 cm in size, is added to the extreme sections. It must have a hole that will ensure its fixation on the surface of the lugs.

8. On the central part of each of the matrix compartments, saw through the surface and weld the lugs to it. They will help provide an opportunity to temporarily attach the restraints to form a void. A mechanism will be obtained with the help of which cinder blocks will be produced as a monolithic or non-monolithic type.

9. Select one transverse wall on which to weld the bolts, in the amount of four pieces. They act as fasteners to fix the motor.

10. On the mixture loading side, parts in the form of an apron and blades should be welded.

11. Clean and polish all components for further painting.

12. Make a press, the shape of which will be exactly the same as the mechanism itself. For its construction, you will need a plate, the holes of which will be four millimeters larger than the diameter of the cylinder. It should easily fit into the box to a height of at least 5 cm.

13. To ensure the convenience of working with the press, weld parts in the form of handles to it.

14. Coat all components of the mechanism with an anti-corrosion primer, and after it dries, install the motor.

In order to make a vibration motor out of a standard electric motor, welded bolts in the form of eccentrics should be installed on its gross sections. They must match in axial space. Nuts are installed on the bolts, the speed and type of vibration depends on the amount of twisting of which.

Drawings of the machine for cinder block:

With the help of such a matrix, both walking and remote types of the machine are made. To improve it, you need to have a good locksmith tool and experience with it.

For the manufacture of this kind of blocks, any material in the form of clay, sawdust concrete, expanded clay concrete, etc. is suitable. The standard mixture should consist of one part sand filler, one part cement and three parts slag waste.

Highly important role plays the coefficient of moisture, which is contained in the finished mixture. For her optimal definition it is enough to inspect the composition, it should not fall apart, but at the same time it should be elastic and keep its shape well.

It is this workpiece that is placed in the matrix to obtain the finished cinder block. For the formation of voids, the use of glass bottles, broken bricks or sharp-angled stone is recommended.

Please note that before starting work on the machine for the production of cinder blocks, all parts should be lubricated with oil, this will prevent the finished mixture from sticking to the metal. Turning on the vibrator is possible at any stage of production, but it is best to do this before pressing the finished block. In addition, the electric motor should be securely insulated, using an apron to prevent the solution from entering the surface of the motor.

Already finished cinder blocks should be kept outside, in summer, at a temperature of +12 to +30 degrees. In order for the blocks not to dry out, they are covered with plastic wrap.

Equipment for the production of cinder blocks and technology for their manufacture

The manufacture of a cinder block begins with the preparation of a concrete solution, which consists of cement, water and slag. All components are mixed together with a concrete mixer or mixer. Manual mixing of the solution takes longer and requires great physical effort to implement it.

All work is carried out exclusively at positive air temperatures, since water solidifies during frost. When the solution is ready, it is poured into a mold, which can be hollow or monolithic. The standard size of each block is 39x19x18.

When the block has an already compacted structure, it is removed from the mold, and the block itself is installed on the floor or on a pallet. The procedure for drying the cinder block lasts at natural air temperature, which should not be less than twenty degrees. Thus, it will be possible to obtain material suitable for further construction. In order to avoid drying out of the material, maximum air humidity should be ensured.

After the cinder blocks have dried, they acquire additional strength and are sent for storage in a dry place in the form of a warehouse.

Materials of various composition are used as raw materials. The choice of one or another raw material is influenced by the capabilities of the equipment on which the cinder block is made and the type of structure that will be built from it.

The most common options for fillers for the manufacture of cinder blocks with their own hands are materials in the form of:

• brick waste;
• sand;
• crushed stone;
• ash;
• expanded clay, etc.

The amount of one or another ingredient depends on the requirements for the final product.

A fairly common component for the manufacture of cinder block is a plasticizer, which improves specifications finished material. In addition, the use of plasticizers increases the strength finished building its resistance to frost and moisture.

After the manufacture of cinder blocks, the process of construction and the direct erection of walls from cinder blocks will follow. Another important factor affecting the quality of cinder block construction is finishing and insulation of the finished building.

The standard composition for preparing a mixture for cinder blocks consists of:

• one part of cement;
• nine parts of slag;
• 50% of the amount of cement water.

Another option for the manufacture of cinder blocks involves the use of:

• four parts of small screenings;
• four parts of granite slag;
• one part cement to 50% water.

Production of cinder blocks - general requirements for the performance of work

For the manufacture of high-quality cinder block, the following rules should be followed:

• know the exact recipe and composition of the mixture;
• follow the technology of manufacturing cinder blocks;
• have enough professional equipment.

In addition, the key to a high-quality cinder block made at home is the use of coarse sand, blast-furnace slag, high-quality cement with a minimum grade of 400. In addition, special equipment with a vibropress is required.

Burnt coal, which is used as a filler, is excellent for making slag. One of important requirements to the production of cinder blocks is the observance of a symmetrical and even geometric shape finished product. Since the amount of mortar required for the construction of the finished building depends on the number of irregularities and flaws in the cinder block. In order to avoid the appearance of this defect, it is necessary to fill the form to the top and even more, since when vibration is carried out, the finished mixture is compacted and reduced in size.

The vibroform is turned on every time with an interval of 6-15 seconds. Next, the vibration stops and the finished product is evaluated. If the solution is lower than the extreme line of the matrix, then a clamping cover is installed on it and vibration is turned on again. Next, the clamp rests against the limiter, the vibration is turned off, and the form is pulled out from the device.

Do-it-yourself cinder blocks: manufacturing instructions

When self-manufacturing cinder blocks, the composition of the mixture should be selected based on the type cinder block machine. Since the quality of vibration directly determines the properties of the final product.

We offer a variant of the standard recipe for the manufacture of cinder blocks:

• seven buckets of slag filler;
• two buckets of sand;
• two buckets of gravel;
• one and a half buckets of cement;
• one and a half to three buckets of water.

Please note that the amount of water affects the structure and quality of the blocks. The solution after pressing should not spread. If a ready mix thrown to the ground and at the same time it will spread, and in the fist it will reconnect, then this type of solution is suitable for the manufacture of cinder blocks.

If a room is used for the manufacture of cinder blocks, then it must have a flat floor and good ventilation, but still, it is recommended to produce cinder blocks outdoors.

Home-made machines for cinder blocks involve the manufacture of this material according to the instructions below:

1. Pour the solution into the cinder block mold. Turn on the vibrator for five seconds. If there is not enough solution, a little more mixture is added. Set the clamp, and turn on the vibrator again. When the clamping device is on the limiters, the manufacturing process is considered complete.

2. The vibroform is turned on for another 8 seconds and then the form is removed without turning off the vibrator.

3. Drying of the blocks takes a period of four to nine days. Full strength is achieved after a month. The main conditions for their storage are high humidity and temperature.

4. Transportation of blocks to the premises occurs after at least a day after their manufacture. In the presence of a plasticizer in the composition for the preparation of cinder blocks, their transportation takes place six hours after manufacture.

5. Storage of cinder blocks takes place in the form of a pyramid. After a few months, they become suitable for construction.

Cinder block is a universal building material today, which has excellent heat and noise insulation properties. Such characteristics of the material are due to the technology of its manufacture. After all, a cinder block is a hollow building material formed by vibration shrinkage of a concrete mixture in special forms. The hollowness of one cinder block is 30% of its total mass.

The size of the finished cinder block is 390x190x185 mm, which makes this material extremely durable with its relatively low weight. However, the owner, who decides to make the material on his own, has the right to decide what size blocks to make for more dexterous and convenient work with them later.

Cinder block standard

Slag blocks for outdoor and interior masonry walls are different from their competitors favorable price and complete environmental friendliness. Especially if they are made by hand.

Do-it-yourself production of cinder blocks will make it possible to significantly save family budget and at the same time quickly and efficiently build the desired building.

Important: from one bag of cement in the home production of building materials, you will receive 36 pieces of cinder block.

Equipment needed for home production of cinder block

To make a cinder block at home, you will need the following tools:

• Seeder for sand;
• Forms for pouring the solution into them;
• Concrete mixer or ordinary trough for mixing cement;
• Vibrating table (or hammer);
• Bucket and shovel;
• Free-standing trays for drying finished cinder blocks.

At the same time, a vibrating table for their production can be bought, and a mold for future blocks can be made independently.

vibrating table

To do this, you need to take two long boards with a height of at least 190 mm and connect them on the sides wooden partitions, forming a distance between the long parts of 185 mm. This can be done by forming convenient grooves for all four structural parts with a hacksaw. Now side panels will take off and put on at the right time for you.

By the same principle, we make partitions in the formwork for the future cinder block at a distance of 390 mm from each other. You should get no more than five or six cell molds for future building materials.

Form for cinder block. Drawing

The finished formwork-form can be installed on big piece thick oilcloth. This will become the bottom of our form. The structure is ready. It remains to prepare plastic bottles filled with water. They will be the basis for the formation of hollow holes.

If you want to approach the manufacture of cinder block more professionally, then get ready-made metal molds into which you will pour the solution.

Important: for the production of cinder block at home with your own hands, you can use improvised means that are convenient for you. In any case, you will get perfect material for laying walls. Only the time of its production will be different.

The composition of the solution for the production of cinder block do it yourself

To home cinder block it turned out no worse than the factory one, you need to know the exact proportions of loose materials for mixing a strong and reliable concrete-slag mortar. So, you will need:

• Cement brand 400 or 500;
• Sand;
• Slag (burned out coal ash, small broken brick, expanded clay);
• Water.

Expanded clay

So, we take one part (bucket) of cement, 3 parts (buckets) of sand and 5 parts (buckets) of slag. Add 0.5 buckets of water to the bulk and knead the solution. To do this, you can use both an electric concrete mixer and knead the solution with a shovel and a large container.

Important: the solution for self-production of the cinder block must be of medium fluidity. It is worth remembering that too liquid composition of the mixture will lead to brittleness of the material at the exit, and too thick a solution will harden for a long time and threatens to form unnecessary air voids in the blocks.

Cooking cinder block at home (methods)

So, the solution and equipment are ready. You can start making.

If you use improvised means and are not in a hurry, then in this case you will do without a vibrating table. You need to pour the resulting solution into molds by one third. Then carefully tap the formwork walls around the perimeter with a hammer. This will allow the solution to sit well. Then again add another third of the solution and again tap the perimeter of the mold with a hammer.

Now you can insert plastic bottles into the filled solution at the same distance from each other. So we form the necessary hollow holes in each of the slag blocks.

Mortar poured into a wooden mold

We leave the poured building material for 2-4 days before drying, after which the blocks are carefully removed from the formwork (removing the side panels) and carefully placed on pallets to dry.

If you decide to use metal molds and a vibrating table for the production of cinder blocks, then the manufacturing process will look like this:

concrete-slag mixture is poured into metal molds and placed on a vibrating table. When the mortar is one-third filled, it is worth turning on the equipment for 10-15 seconds and allowing the cement to undergo a good shrinkage. This way you will be able to expel all the air bubbles from each cinder block.

Metal mold for cinder block

These cinder blocks can also be removed only after 48-96 hours.

To make a cinder block with your own hands is quite within the power of a skilled builder. At a relatively low price for this species building materials, the desire to save money sometimes turns out to be predominant, and craftsmen make attempts to cast the required number of concrete blocks on their own. This is especially true for those who require elements of a non-standard shape or size.

What the cinder block is made of is clear from its name: the main component of the mixture is coal slag. The binder in the mixture is building cement. The secret to neat and durable blocks is correct proportion components. The most famous and tested is the following composition of the cinder block:

• coal slag (blast furnace or from the state district power station) - 7 parts;
• major river sand- 2 parts;
• gravel or crushed stone with a fraction of 5-15 mm - 2 parts;
• cement M400-M500 - 1.5 parts;
• water - 1.5-3 parts.

The amount of water in the solution may be different depending on the method of manufacturing concrete parts. When pouring into conventional cinder block molds, without pressing, it is recommended to use a mixture of a more liquid consistency to fill the corners of the matrix well with it.

When vibrocompressing, a plasticizer for concrete (or PVA glue) can also be added to the mixture at the rate of 5 g per 1 cinder block. Considering that 36 pieces of finished products of a standard size (40x20x20 cm) will come out of a bag of cement, it is easy to calculate the amount of additive. The plasticizer makes concrete more resistant to moisture and reduces the risk of cracking in the product during drying.

Block Forming Methods

Form for cinder blocks

How to make a cinder block with your own hands, if special equipment is not used? With a small amount of construction (garage, sauna, etc.), the required amount concrete elements can be made by pouring the mixture into conventional forms, similar to the formwork for the above-ground part of the foundation. The only difference will be that inside the space must be divided into separate chambers that form the body of each concrete product.

How to make a mold for a cinder block with your own hands is shown in the figure on the left. The number of simultaneously produced products may be different. It depends on the availability of boards of the required length for the formwork walls. The indicated cell dimensions (20x20x40 cm) are suitable for the production of a standard block. If necessary, you can make a formwork with cells right size(for a semi-block, for example, 20x20x20 cm or others). The outer walls of the formwork are made of planed boards desired width. Between themselves, they can be fastened with sliding grooves. On the inner sides long boards make cuts under the dividing plates. Particular attention should be paid to the fact that in assembled condition the form should have perfectly right angles at the junction of the walls and partitions. Depend on this appearance finished product and convenience for the builder himself when laying well suitable friend to other elements.

Void formers in a simple wooden form can be glass bottles to be placed in the poured solution. In this case, a certain amount of the mixture will be forced out of the formwork, therefore, when using this method, the cells should not be filled to the top. After installing the bottles, you need to ensure that the solution in all cells is at the level of their edges.

In the manufacture of the matrix more complex design(picture, right) make void formers from wooden cones, fixing them at the bottom with nails or self-tapping screws. The presence of handles in this form makes it possible to move it for installation on a vibrating table.

Before pouring the composition into molds of any design internal surfaces should be lubricated with used motor oil or similar.

This will prevent the mixture from sticking to the mold and make it easier to remove when the blocks are ready. It is necessary to remove the mold with this method of making cinder blocks with your own hands no earlier than 24 hours after filling the cells. Finished products must gain strength for another 1 month before use. After that, walls of buildings, fences, etc. can be erected from the cinder block.

How to make a vibrating machine?

Making a cinder block at home by casting takes a lot of time. The quality of the obtained products is somewhat inferior to that which can be obtained using the vibrocompression method. But this requires special equipment - machines for cinder blocks, which you can buy or make yourself.

most accessible and easy installation- vibrating table. To create such a machine for cinder blocks with your own hands, you will need:

• boards or metal profile for the base;
• metal plate or wooden shield;
• motorcycle damping springs;
• two-shaft electric motor with a power of 0.5-0.7 kW.

To build a machine for the production of cinder blocks with your own hands, you will also need working tools: a drill, a grinder or a saw, welding machine etc. Using the drawings (figure), House master able to assemble a frame for the base, on which 4 springs are fixed. On top of this structure it is necessary to lay a solid wooden shield or metal plate. The worktop can be fixed to the springs by welding or threaded connection. The dimensions of the base and table top must be sufficient to accommodate the existing molds, or the matrices themselves can be made to fit the existing slab.

On the underside of the tabletop, it is required to firmly fix the electric motor. In order to create vibration during its operation desired frequency and forces, eccentrics must be installed on the motor shafts. These can be metal plates with a hole displaced from the center or pulleys, on which a small load is welded from one end.

The purpose of these parts is to unbalance the uniform rotation of the shaft and create vibration during its operation, which will be transmitted to the countertop, mounted on springs. The size of the eccentrics or the weight of the load will have to be selected individually, depending on the engine power and speed.

The form with the filled solution is established on a table-top. When the engine is turned on and the vibration it produces, the solution thickens and settles a little. Making cinder blocks with your own hands using such a machine requires filling the matrix with a small excess. Pressing on a vibrating table is carried out until the concrete laid in the mold acquires strength, which makes it possible to remove the formwork and transfer the products from the countertop to the drying place. For a homemade machine, this time is best determined experimentally.

For a more complex machine model, you will need sheet metal 2-3 mm thick and a welding machine. In this case, it is necessary to weld a box of the required size with cells or a single box from the metal, for the manufacture of 1 block. The dimensions indicated on the drawing (figure) allow you to obtain a product of a standard size of 20x20x40 cm.

Cinder block making machine

The box does not have a bottom and needs to be installed on a flat base (metal plate). On its side (short) sides, for stability, you can additionally weld 2 pieces of pipe, longer than the width of the box. This will allow the structure not to tip over during vibration. Edges are welded onto the upper perimeter, which allow you to accurately fill the matrix.

The void formers in this case are located on top and are round or square in cross section. metal parts. Their width should become smaller as they go deeper into the cavity of the matrix, forming an inverted cone or pyramid. This is necessary for easy removal of the box from the product. The void formers are fixed on the walls of the box with a narrow metal strip.

Inside the box, at a distance of 20 cm from the lower edges, 2 stops for the pressure plate are welded. The plate must have handles for removing it from the product and slots in the form of a section of void formers.

To outside the matrix is ​​attached to an electric motor with eccentrics. When the engine is running for 5-15 seconds, the mass of concrete poured into the box is pressed. The pressure plate is gradually lowered onto the stops.

Upon reaching the limits homemade machine to make a cinder block with your own hands, you need to turn it off, remove the plate, raise the box vertically. Transfer the product to a flat area for drying and curing.

Cinder block is one of the most demanded materials today. It is used for construction for various purposes and most different sizes. It can be small outbuildings or industrial buildings.

Used to make cinder block special device, the principle of operation of which is the vibrocompression of the concrete mixture. To significantly save on building material, you can do building blocks with your own hands. To do this, you need to purchase or independently design a vibropressing machine.

To start making concrete blocks with your own hands, you need to prepare all the tools and materials that you may need in the process. The standard size of the cinder block is 390x188x190 mm. Inner part product remains hollow. Two or three holes act as a void, the shape and size of which directly depend on the configuration of the machine.

Thanks to such voids, the cinder block provides sufficient sound absorption and thermal insulation of the house. But, despite such a hollow construction, the material is very durable and will last for many years. Starting to manufacture, you can significantly save on building material.

Initially, concrete blocks were made from slag. In order to prepare the classic version of the cinder block, some proportions should be observed:

• 7 parts of coal slag from a blast furnace;
• 2 parts of expanded clay sand (it is better to give preference to a large fraction);
• 2 parts of gravel, the fraction must be at least 5 and not more than 215 mm;
• 1.5 parts of cement brand 500;
• 3 parts water.

Other materials can be used as a filler, just in classic version slag was used. Today it is difficult to get it, so brick waste, expanded clay, ash, gravel, screenings, crushed stone, gypsum or processed sawdust can be used instead. The amount of water may vary slightly depending on the filler. Its quantity must be adjusted during the preparation of the solution. The main thing is that it should not be too dry, but the spreading of the solution is also considered unacceptable.

In order to check the consistency of the solution, you need to throw a small amount on the ground. Smooth spreading of the mixture without water streaks is considered normal, and if the mixture is squeezed into a fist, it should stick together.

If do-it-yourself concrete blocks are made using slag, it is very important to control that there is no foreign objects. The slag must be cleaned from various chips, earth. It is unacceptable that unburned coal is included in the composition of the solution. In order to eliminate contamination, the material must be sifted through a sieve.

If gypsum is additionally added to the composition of the cinder block, then the proportion of materials will be slightly changed. Gypsum (1 part) is mixed with three parts of the slag mixture, water is added during mixing. Such a solution must be used immediately after preparation, since the gypsum will begin to dry quickly. It is recommended to soak the slag for some time in water before preparing such a solution.

The modern building materials market offers various additives that significantly improve the quality of the mortar. A plasticizer can be added to the solution, about 5 g per cinder block is needed. Such additives increase frost resistance, water resistance and strength.

There are two types of concrete blocks. They can be hollow and solid. The first ones are much lighter, they are used for building walls, since they do not create too much load on the foundation, in addition, such blocks have good sound and heat insulation. Solid blocks are most often used for the construction of the foundation.

In order to make a cinder block, two technologies can be used. One is based on the use wooden form in which to dry concrete mortar. For the second method, you must purchase or make your own special machine.

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Manufacturing method using molds

Both wood and metal can be used as the material from which such molds are made. If wood is used to create the form, it must be very well dried. It should additionally be treated with a tool that will increase moisture resistance. Otherwise, through a short time forms can be deformed, which will affect the geometry of the concrete blocks. Inner size forms should be 400x200x200 mm. But this is not a limitation, the form can have a variety of sizes.

This form consists of a bottom and side walls. To make the production process faster, it is recommended to make several molds. In order for all corners of the form to be well filled, the solution should be prepared more liquid. To make the blocks hollow using a mold at home, you can use empty glass bottles.

After the solution is poured into the mold, the bottles are lowered into the mixture with their necks, the surface is leveled and the required height of the concrete block is made. After 5-6 hours, the bottles should be removed and the blocks left to dry further. Drying of the blocks lasts at least a day, after which they can be removed from the molds and stacked. Before construction, such blocks must lie down for at least 1 month.

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Concrete blocks using vibrocompression machine

Using special equipment, concrete blocks are more durable and of high quality. Is it possible to manufacture vibropressing machine with your own hands? Quite.

Tools that are needed to create special equipment:

• grinder for cutting sheets;
• welding machine;
• meter and chalk (pencil) for basting;
• pliers;
• a hammer.

For the manufacture of matrices into which it will be poured concrete mix, you need to take sheet metal with a thickness of not more than 3 mm. The machine must be equipped with a 100 W motor, in addition, a load should be prepared that will create imbalance and vibration.

In order to make such a machine, it is necessary to use sheet steel. Workpieces are cut from it:

• 2 pieces measuring 400x250 mm;
• 2 pieces measuring 200x250 mm;
• visor 400x150 mm;
• ribs - 4 pieces 40x40 mm in size;
• clamp size 39.5x19.5 mm.

After all the blanks are made, you can begin to assemble the main matrix. For this, parts with a size of 400x200 mm and 200x250 mm are used. It is very important that all welds are on the outside. Otherwise, the finished concrete blocks will have rounded corners. As a result, a matrix of 400x200x250 will be obtained. To make voids inside the cinder block, you need to use a pipe with a diameter of 80 mm. The length of the blanks should not exceed 250 mm.

After the main matrix is ​​ready, it is necessary to install pipe blanks inside it. It is very important to control their distance from each other and from the walls. All dimensions must be identical. In order to connect the pipes together and give them additional strength, prepared stiffening ribs measuring 40x40 mm should be used. This design is welded to the matrix.

To final stage can be attributed to the installation of the vibrator, it is attached to the very long side matrices. Bolts are used to secure it. After the bolts are tightened, they are welded for extra strength. To protect the motor from water and pollution mortar, a protective visor is welded on top. A leg is welded on the edge of the visor, which will give additional strength. For convenience, handles are welded to the matrices.

Cinder block is one of the most requested materials for the construction of walls of one-story buildings. It is distinguished by its low cost and the possibility of its independent production at home.

Cinder block - wall stone

This building material is intended for low-rise construction. There is an opinion that if cement of a “high” grade is included in the mixture, then home-made blocks can be made solid foundation under the bath or house. However, the foundation blocks must withstand huge loads, so the blocks should be purchased at the factory, and not made independently.

Cinder blocks are:

• hollow;
• corpulent.

Due to sufficient strength characteristics, solid cinder blocks are used for cladding and construction bearing walls, as well as partitions. At the same time, hollow products have good heat and sound insulation. Due to voids, raw materials are significantly saved, which means that the cost of production is much lower.

Cinder blocks are also used as an additional insulation in the construction of frames.

How to knead a solution to create a cinder block?

The name of the building material "cinder block" speaks for itself. This means that the main component of the solution will be the slag obtained in the blast furnace, which should be sieved through a special sifter (sieve).

We will need:

• 7 parts of the main filler (they will serve as slag);
• 2 shares of gravel having fractions of 5-15 mm;
• one and a half parts of cement (it is best to take the brand M 400, 500);
• about 3 parts water.

In addition to slag, other components can also act as the main element: clay, expanded clay, sand, gravel, crushed stone, gypsum and many others. It should be noted that if you have chosen blast-furnace slag as a filler, then other additives are prohibited to use. If you want to get a colored cinder block, then you can add chalk or red bricks brought to small crumbs into the solution (they should be crushed).

In addition, during the production of cinder blocks, make sure that the solution does not spread.

Tip for getting strong blocks: you need to add a plasticizer to the solution (you can buy it at any hardware store). Then you will get not only durable, but also frost-resistant and waterproof blocks.

When you are going to independently establish the process of creating cinder blocks, you should understand that there is no universal solution recipe. Each master, through trial and error, selects his own unique formula. If you are a beginner, you can resort to the standard.

Cinder block production methods

There are two ways to get such blocks on your site.

1. With the help of formwork, that is, a form made of lumber or steel sheets.
2. Based on the work of a special machine.

Video - Making a cinder block by hand

Video - Cinder block walking mobile machine

Video - Cinder block making machine

Tools and materials for the production of blocks:

• forms (wood or metal), or vibration machines;

  2,3,4 - pallet blanks. 5,6,7 - framing the matrix from below (corner 25x25). 8 - bar for fastening voids. 9 - void. 10 - the upper plug of the void. 11 - lower plug of the void
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  

• concrete mixer;
• spatula for leveling;
• shovel for pouring mortar;
• solution.

Instructions for making your own mold

The design of the form has the following form: the bottom and side walls. Between a pair of transverse boards or sheets of metal, you should fix the crossbars at the distance you need. Maintain a step corresponding to the size of the required cinder block.

Because to get ready product from the form it will be difficult, the design of the container must be collapsible. For production efficiency, make formwork designed to receive 4-6 cinder blocks.

To make a mold in order to create cinder blocks, you will need:

• sheets of iron 3 mm thick;
• iron strips 5 mm (several pieces);
• cylinders, 4 cm in diameter;
• welding machine;
• Bulgarian;
• chalk for marking.

Stages of manufacturing a single detachable metal mold

Step 1. We mark the sheet according to the size of the blocks: we need two longitudinal sides and two transverse ones. We cut our plates with a grinder.

The width of the longitudinal plate is 210 mm, the length is 450 mm, the transverse plate is 210 by 220 mm.

Step 2 Wings, 3.5 cm high, should be welded to the bottom of the mold for the cinder block so that the mold does not travel, and a handle to quickly release the poured solution from the mold.

Step 3 Notches are made along the contour of the transverse and longitudinal walls in order to hook the mold on the longitudinally installed walls.

Step 4. We collect our form.

Step 5. To create voids in the cinder block, we make hinged cylinders. They must be welded to a plate 3-4 mm thick, which should seem to penetrate the cylinders closer to the top. We make notches on the end walls of our container to hook them.

Video - Do-it-yourself mold for cinder blocks

Production of cinder blocks using a split mold

Forms have any dimensions. Standard sizes structures 90x190x188 mm, in private construction other sizes can be used, for example, 40x20x20 cm. In order to save material, it is better to use molds with cells of 4-6 blocks and cylinders (squares) to create cavities.

metal homemade form(detachable) has the following form.

Consider step by step process production of cinder blocks.

Step 1. We mix the solution in a concrete mixer.

Step 2 Pour the mixture into our mold with a shovel. In this case, the mixture is thick. You can also use a liquid solution.

Step 3 Be sure to ensure that the solution fills the container evenly. To do this, we tamp the filled solution. We control the filling of the form to the brim. Aligning upper layer using a spatula.

Step 4 If the solution is dry, then a special lid should be used, the holes in which will block the bayonets in the mold. This device will help to compact our cinder block. For liquid solution this cover does not apply.

Step 5 We move our block to an open area for the purpose of further storage. After 30-40 minutes, remove the bottom, sides and top cover. For a better extraction of the cinder block, we will beat the walls and the longitudinal strip with the cylinders on top with an ordinary hammer.

Step 6 For complete drying, we need at least a day.

Production of cinder blocks using a vibrating machine

Step 1. We knead our solution, taking into account the proportions. Particular attention should be paid the right amount water, because cinder blocks should not spread when you remove them from the mold.

kneading

In order to find out the correct consistency of the mixture, conduct a small test. Squeeze the solution in your hand: if it connects in it, and does not blur when it falls to the ground, this is a good and correct solution.

Step 2. We fill our form with a solution, with a slide.

Step 3 . We turn on the machine for 2-4 seconds, after which the loaded composition will be compacted. We level the mixture with our hands so that the iron pins (cylinders) are visible.

Step 4 If there is not enough mixture in the mold, it needs to be supplemented, the clamp is inserted and the vibrator is turned on again. The completion of the formation is evidenced by the sediment of the clamp on the limiters.

Step 5 . Our vibroform should again be switched on for 6-10 s.

Step 6 . We close the top with a lid with holes for the cylinders. And we make another ramming by raising and lowering the lid 4-5 times.

Step 7 . Then, without turning off the machine, the form is removed - it is enough to take the machine to you.

Up to 500 cinder blocks can be produced per shift using a vibrating machine.

Step 8 . We dry the blocks for 5-10 days. The complete hardening of the resulting building materials will be completed after a month, while the humidity should be high and the air warm.

Step 9. After a day, the blocks can be transferred to storage places (they will not be broken), but they can only be placed together after a week. And if you still add a plasticizer to the solution, then after 6-8 hours they can be moved and stored.

Of course, it is not worth buying a vibrating machine for a single production, but special attention should be paid to tamping when creating cinder blocks (the quality of the product depends on this process). In this case, you can use a conventional grinding vibrator, on which it is enough to place our mold with the mixture.

Video - Production of cinder blocks using a vibrator

Features of storage of cinder blocks

The received products are stored in pyramidal piles, one hundred pieces at a time.

At the same time, they fit with small intervals. It is enough for you to dry the material for a couple of months, then you can start building a bathhouse, an extension or a barn.

What are the features of the production of cinder block?

In the production of cinder blocks, special attention should be paid to drying. So, for example, any dent or unevenness will spoil the building material. Another requirement for the quality of the material is the geometry. A large number of irregularities and flaws - a prerequisite for increased costs for finishing erected walls. Therefore, in order for the product to turn out even, it is necessary to fill the form or vibroform to the brim. Do not skimp on pouring the solution with a slide, because the vibration will shake your mixture.

For better plasticity, when mixing the solution, do not forget to fill in the plasticizer at the rate of 5 g per block. This will save the product from possible cracks, increase strength and frost resistance. To build a small bath, you can knead the solution manually, but a concrete mixer will help speed up the process. It is enough for you to buy or borrow for a while a small unit with a capacity of 02-0.5 cubic meters. m.

Video - Homemade concrete mixer

Before preparing the mixture, the slag is moistened 5-6 hours before. This will allow you to better bind the grains of cement and fractions of the filler. It should be noted that if you are filling wooden or metal molds without the possibility of vibrating, the mixture should be watery.

Pros and cons of using cinder blocks

The advantages of cinder block should include:

• possibility of manufacturing suburban area or in a private house;
• drying of the material can take place both in an autoclave ( industrial production), and in the open air (with self-production);
• a cinder block building carries minimal heat loss;
• the material is inexpensive;
• the construction of the building is carried out quickly, given big sizes blocks;
• when mixing the solution, you can, by changing the proportions, give it certain qualities;
• You can produce a cinder block of any size.

Disadvantages of cinder block:

• low frost resistance, but with the use special additive they can be upgraded;
• there are doubts in terms of environmental friendliness, especially for products made on the basis of blast-furnace slag;
• As for the liquid absorption characteristics, the material has strong moisture absorption and requires special protective coatings;
• fragility (this material is clearly not suitable for the construction of skyscrapers).

1. most high strength have blocks made with the addition of cement. Next location occupy blocks of lime.
2. If small granules are replaced with part of the sifted sand, then the strength of the products will increase slightly.
3. The combination of cement and lime (or clay) in a ratio of 3: 1 will save money, which will absolutely not win back on quality.
4. Before you start pouring the solution, the molds should be cleaned and wiped. This will prevent the resulting blocks from sticking to the bottom and walls. For such rubbing, diesel fuel, used oil, or similar means are used.
5. The density of the solution is a direct indicator of the rate of solidification. The thicker it is, the faster the block can freeze. The main characteristics of the quality of cinder blocks depend not only on the production technology, but also on the choice of solution. Below are different types mixtures, the use of which demonstrates certain characteristics imposed on the material.

Video - Cinder block. Instructions for a beginner