How to put waterproofing. Roofing films and membranes. Installation of subroofing films and membranes. Types of vapor barrier materials

In order for the roof structure to successfully withstand the effects of moisture and steam, it is necessary to carry out installation in accordance with all the rules. roofing cake. The quality of this work not least depends on the waterproofing materials used - glue, adhesive tape and vapor barrier tape.

O high quality protection can only be said if all the necessary requirements are met in the process of work.

For waterproofing, you need to pay not less attention than the choice of roofing material. It is especially important here how exactly the vapor barrier films were laid and waterproofing membranes. And for this you need to know which side to fix the vapor barrier.

When laying the main tier of the film, it is necessary to adhere to the following rule: it must pass strictly along the entire roof eaves without fail with a sag of 10–20 mm relative to the truss structure.

In order to avoid problems during operation, when laying the rafters, it is necessary to provide between them gap no more than 120 cm. Don't forget to create air gap for insulation and vapor barrier film, which should have a height of approximately 40 mm.

During installation, axton waterproofing is placed only in the horizontal plane. The starting point for work is chosen next to the eaves and gradually move up, at each step overlapping the joint line with an overlap of 100–150 mm.

It should be noted that the film relative to the rafters should sag no more than 20 mm. At the locations of the edges of the insulation, use lap joint method, not forgetting to stick on the joints special tape, tape or glue.

The vapor barrier film must be attached to the base over the entire area using construction stapler . In some cases, galvanized nails are allowed. The main requirement is the presence of hardware wide cap so as not to compromise the integrity of the material.

In the process of laying the next row of film insulation, it is necessary to ensure its overlap by no more than 200 mm. The exact value of the overlap is determined taking into account the magnitude of the roof slope.

Directly on the vapor barrier layer lay the bars of the counter-lattice. It must be lumber with a diameter of at least 40 x 25 mm, and it must be placed in 150 mm increments. Having completed this stage, they proceed to the device of the crate.

In the ridge part of the roof, attention must be paid to the area between the corresponding axis and the waterproofing film, where a gap of no more than 50 mm must be ensured. According to technology, there should be skating product created.

So, experts call the gap insulating material under the corresponding part of the roof. This forced measure allows you to provide conditions for ventilation of the hidden space.

In the areas of attachment of the roof structure of various masts, chimney and antennas in film insulation a hole is being made required dimensions, and then fixed to the nearby elements of the crate.

To do this, you can use adhesive tape for vapor barrier or self-adhesive tape with a double-sided backing. When laying a waterproofing component on skylights, it is necessary follow the directions exactly manufacturer.

How is the anti-condensation film installed?

For correct execution For this work, the following procedure must be observed:

When laying the waterproofing material, it must be remembered that the lower base of the component performs water drainage function into the corresponding groove.

At the end of the installation of the waterproofing layer, they begin to finally fix the coating. As fasteners, wooden slats with a section of 30 x 50 mm are taken, into which clog galvanized hardware. The roof sheathing is installed directly on them.

Features of installing a waterproofing film

No less difficult is the laying of a waterproofing film, which also has its own characteristics:

Fastening of superdiffusion and diffusion membranes

These protective materials roofing elements have received the greatest use, since they surpass all other modern materials in terms of vapor-permeable characteristics. Installation of membranes with the best operational characteristics, carried out directly on the insulation layer without creating a ventilated space below.

Most often, a ventilation gap is made in the upper part at a distance of about 40 mm from the crate and membrane. During installation it is necessary comply with the horizontal requirement relative to the lower part of the roof of the ridge part.

For the final fixing of the membrane to the roof structure use a construction stapler, galvanized nails with a large head or special glue for vapor barrier and counter-battens. If the insulation is laid directly to the ridge, then it is necessary to comply with the requirement to overlap the membrane by 200 mm.

After preparing the wooden elements for the installation of waterproofing by applying antiseptics and other protective compounds you need to give them time so that they can dry well. At the end of the work start installation of counter rails on the crate. Failure to comply with this condition will lead to the fact that steam will accumulate inside the roof space and will not be discharged to the outside.

Installation of waterproofing - milestone styling roofing. The quality of the performance of this work depends on how reliably they will be protected. internal elements roof structure and a heater. Therefore, it is important not only to choose the right waterproofing components, but also lay them down right side in accordance with current requirements.

When laying waterproofing, you need to remember the need to bring out special elements - a chimney, antenna, etc. These places must be handle especially carefully, since you will have to create holes and use additional fixing elements to attach the waterproofing layer to the base.

Regarding the question of whether or not laying waterproofing under the metal tile is necessary, experts give only an affirmative answer. Such categoricalness is explained by the fact that during the operation of the flooring for the roof of this material from the side facing the inside of the attic space, condensation forms. If there is no waterproofing, then the moisture that appears will penetrate the insulation, which will soon become unusable.

Waterproofing materials for metal roofing

To provide waterproofing, a vapor-permeable roofing film under the metal tile, shown in the photo, is usually used, which is laid under the roofing. designed to protect the premises located under the roof from precipitation, melt water, dirt and dust. Thanks to the film, moisture does not get into the heat-insulating layer with outer side building.

The product intended for roof waterproofing is a three-layer material with a woven reinforcing mesh made of polyethylene fibers. On each side it has a lamination made of polyethylene coating.

The variation of the film for waterproofing, depending on the type and thickness of lamination, is different:

• with fire-resistant qualities;
• with UV resistance;
• different colors, etc.

Typically, a roll of waterproofing film looks like a strip 50 meters long, 150 centimeters wide and specific gravity 140 g/m². It should be noted that the service life of this material is similar to the durability of metal tiles. Such a film does not lend itself to rotting processes; fungus and mold do not form on it. In addition, it belongs to environmentally friendly products, does not have a negative impact on the human body.

In the case of laying roofing material directly on wooden frame, rainwater and condensate from temperature changes are guaranteed to seep through the mounting holes and slots, which is why supporting structure will constantly be wet, which will entail its decay and destruction. To avoid returning to roofing work after a short time, waterproofing the roof will allow.

Why is roof waterproofing necessary? Temperature fluctuations cause condensation to form on inner surface roofing material that flows onto the thermal insulation and wooden structure roofs, stimulating its speedy destruction. Wet insulation at the same time loses its insulating properties and the ability to perform its functions efficiently.

Previously, the most common material for waterproofing the roof of a house was roofing material, which is also found at the present time. Given that the basis of the material is paper, its service life is significantly reduced under the influence of moisture. As a result, after 4-5 years of service, the roofing material cracks and leaks moisture, causing the need to repair the roof. In addition, the material can tear from a small load, and also has a considerable weight, which makes it difficult to install. Usually this material is used simultaneously as a roofing material for sheds or with a slight slope.

Insulation with hydrobarrier reinforced film is an modern technology. This is the most inexpensive and easy-to-use material used for pitched roofs for any type of roofing material. A distinction is made between a film and a membrane characterized by the presence of micro-holes. It is the same film, but capable of passing air in only one direction, therefore it is considered a new and more modern material. The main advantages are:

• high strength;
• light weight;
• ease of laying waterproofing on the roof;
• the presence of ventilation holes.

How to lay waterproofing on the roof

Installation of roof waterproofing is carried out according to roof structures with outside. Rolls of material are rolled out, starting from the bottom of the roof, across the rafters, fixed with a construction stapler. The next layer of insulation is laid with an overlap on the previous one of about 10-15 cm, after which the joint is glued with adhesive tape. With such a layout and laps, moisture will not be able to seep between the layers of material, but will flow down the roof into drainage system.

When installing roof waterproofing, it is not necessary to stretch the film, it should be installed with a slight sag between the rafters, which subsequently compensates for the “play” of the truss system, and also prevents it from breaking when the size is reduced in the cold season.

It is important to bear in mind that it also matters which side to put the waterproofing on the roof, because it retains moisture in only one direction. For this reason, the material should be laid on the rafters on the side on which there are no inscriptions or in accordance with the instructions described in the instructions. Otherwise, moisture falling on the waterproofing material will freely enter the insulation.

Metal roof waterproofing

Waterproofing the roof of a house under a metal tile deserves special attention, since during its operation great value has humidity and temperature of the under-roof space. The insulating film used for roofs covered with metal tiles is a reinforcing wicker mesh made of polyethylene fiber, covered on both sides with a polyethylene film. Thus, the material has strength, as well as excellent waterproofing characteristics. It is not cheap, but at the same time it is able to ensure the long-term performance of its functions by the roof.

The waterproofing of a roof made of metal tiles is carried out in such a way that Fresh air had the ability to move from the eaves to the ridge itself, and then go outside through ventilation holes. Before laying the waterproofing on the roof, a gap of 4-5 cm should be arranged between it and the insulation, providing ventilation, for which it is necessary to fill bars of the appropriate section on the rafters. The same gap must be provided between the tiles and waterproofing material, which is also achieved by using bars.

A ventilation gap of 5 cm is required along the ridge, and the lower edge of the waterproofing must reach the gutter so that moisture can freely go into the gutter system. The only material that fits directly on the insulation is super diffusion membrane.

It is important to understand that right choice and the subsequent installation of waterproofing will bring no less benefit than the roofing material itself, providing the roof and the whole house effective protection and durability.

When conducting zero construction, it is very important not to miss any details. Laying waterproofing on the roof is a fairly important procedure, thanks to which the roof can be operated for a long period of time and often it is estimated for decades. This article is designed to help you figure out which way is best to lay waterproofing and what materials are best suited for this.

The need for a waterproofing layer

Almost all truss systems are constructed from lumber. If you remember school course, it is safe to say that the wood natural material which are easily decomposed. Therefore, to increase the service life, developers use special impregnations that do not allow microorganisms to spread in the wood structure, and their name is antiseptics. In addition, there are substances that increase the degree of ignition of the material, they are called flame retardants.

But the most malicious moisture of any wood can be attributed to an excessive amount of moisture. Surely you know that well-dried boards, beams and logs can be used in construction, otherwise they will begin to lose water during operation and, under the influence of gravity, the warping (curvature) process will take place. Water is able to wash out all protective impregnations and thereby bring the structure of the tree to a defenseless state. That is why most responsible developers carry out a preventive inspection of the entire roofing system and, if there are deviations, they are promptly eliminated.

Moisture in attic can get both with air, and by means of condensate from the floors which are from below. If you did not know, then in the course of the life of the human body, it releases quite a large number of moisture, which is immediately distributed in the air and moisturizes it. You are doing it right now, reading these terms. When breathing, a small amount of water enters the air, much more of it enters when drying things or cooking.

Humid air can enter the room during ventilation. This is natural process from which there is no escape. But not everything is so bad, because you can create ventilation system, which is able to draw humidified air, therefore, the amount of condensate will tend to a minimum. In this case, all lumber will be dry, and their service life will be maximum.

Speaking of condensate, do not forget about the precipitation that can penetrate the roofing cake if it does not have a waterproofing layer. Quality products can withstand big swings temperatures and prolonged exposure to moisture. Waterproofing soft roof the work is quite simple, but requires serious attention.

Ruberoid as roof waterproofing

Surely you are familiar with a bituminous roll product called roofing material. It is a heavy roll of bitumen, the base of which includes fiberglass. More recently, the production technology of this material has changed and natural cellulose, which is the main component, has been replaced with fiberglass. Due to this, the duration of operation of the roofing material has increased several times.

Despite the fact that roofing material has excellent waterproofing qualities, it is rarely seen as a layer in a roofing cake. pitched roof. The fact is that in the cold it becomes too brittle and can crack at the slightest deformation. This behavior is unacceptable for high-quality waterproofing. In addition, it is quite simple to damage the roofing felt web and, with strong tension, it can tear.

IMPORTANT: It is better not to use roofing material as a waterproofing layer, but as an independent coating on flat roofs it fits perfectly.

What material is best for waterproofing

AT construction area it is difficult to understand the materials due to its large number, so it is sometimes useful to read these types of articles in order to stay in the know. To date, the following products are best used as a waterproofing sheet:

• plastic film
• Polypropylene film
• glassine
• Diffusion membranes

So, now about everything in order.

Polyethylene film

This material is the most common raw material for the production of film waterproofing products. Over the past decades, manufacturers have learned to make several varieties of it, and here is what you can find today when studying the construction market:

• dense polyethylene film. In most cases, its thickness exceeds 200 microns, as for the rest of the indicators, it is not able to pass water and air, therefore, there can be no question of any vapor permeability. If such material is laid on the roof, then make sure that natural ventilation will supply air to all corners of the roofing pie.
• Perforated film. On the body of this material there are a large number of inconspicuous holes. Thanks to them, the canvas allows water and steam to pass through, but blocks access to water in its normal state. In the construction industry, it has a second name - anti-condensation membrane. Due to the passage of steam, it will not remain on nearby products in the form of condensate. This material is best used as a waterproofing layer under a metal tile or profiled sheet. It is worth noting that the perforated film boasts a long operational period, which, with proper care, can reach about 25 years.
• reinforced film. Here everything is clear from the name. Such a canvas consists of three layers, the middle of which is a fiberglass mesh. It gives the material the necessary strength, but it does not steal elasticity.

If we talk about their application, then reinforced membranes are much more popular than similar products. Because of increased strength and they are used on frames where an impressive heat-insulating layer is planned. Due to the reliability, such a product can be fixed more firmly on the rafter legs and they are not afraid to damage it.

Polypropylene films

Polypropylene was produced after ordinary polyethylene and collected it in itself positive traits. After the release of this product, developers immediately noted its improvement in the form of strength and UV resistance. Private developers have decided to use such qualities for good and sometimes cover them with an unfinished building, in this state it can stand for several months until the main construction resumes.

Despite the great benefits of polypropylene material, it still has its drawbacks. Not so long ago, manufacturers produced ordinary material, but it soon became clear that during operation, condensate does not form outside, but in the thickness of the roofing pie. Of course, this immediately repelled buyers, but this nuance was very quickly eliminated. To date, on polypropylene film a special layer of viscose-cellulose substance is applied, which absorbs excess moisture. The drying process is due to natural ventilation so it is very important to do it right.

When purchasing such materials, the question may arise, which side to put waterproofing on the roof? Today it is quite difficult to make a mistake in this regard. Nearly all products sold come with installation and operating instructions. In addition, the side on which the material needs to be laid is often indicated on the canvas itself in order to avoid problematic situations.

Anti-condensate membranes with an absorbent layer must be laid against the insulation so that the “working” side is turned towards it. To provide good ventilation it is necessary to leave a gap between the insulation and the waterproofing layer. This material is best suited for laying under metal roofs, where the amount of condensate may exceed the norm by several times.

glassine

In spite of big choice waterproofing materials, quite a lot of developers use glassine. It is cardboard roofing works, which in turn was impregnated with refractory bitumen mixed with plasticizers. Such a product is stored in rolls and is used in the entire construction industry where vapor barrier or waterproofing is needed.

The following list will help you figure out which type of parchment is more relevant for you:

• P-300. This material is produced in accordance with GOST and TU. He possesses medium density, has a waterproof body. Experienced Builders they say about this material that it isolates the element well from moisture, but the marking is higher, it makes it even better.
• P250. This glassine is an economy class product. It is made from raw materials of not the best quality, so the price tag is below average. But despite this, P250 has high strength characteristics and is frost-resistant. In addition, its elasticity and insulating performance is at a good level.
• P350. As already mentioned, this material is slightly better than its counterpart. This parchment has best quality among their peers. High performance is achieved by applying a large amount of bituminous substance. But besides all this, the body of the P350 has the ability to breathe, so it can often be found in a ventilated roofing pie.

IMPORTANT: If you are building a temporary structure for domestic needs, then it is best to use cheap glassine as a waterproofing material, as it is more profitable. In case you have finances, it is best to purchase the P350 brand.

Diffusion membranes

Among all the materials used as waterproofing, this product can be attributed to the most expensive. If you do not take into account the price tag, then you can highlight the great practicality, due to which such membranes have become wildly popular.

The perforated membrane is able to protect roofing system from rainfall long time without preventing the condensate from escaping to the outside. Vapor permeability is achieved through microscopic holes located throughout the canvas. This product made from synthetic fibers, which at correct location form nonwoven fabric. The diffusion membrane can be laid on top of the insulation, eliminating the need to create a counter-lattice.

These membranes are divided into several varieties, they can be one-sided and two-sided. If you purchased the first of them, then you should be careful during installation, because if you choose the wrong side, then moisture will not be able to leave the roofing cake, but it will enter it without problems. However, as already mentioned, today it is practically impossible to make a mistake in the construction of a waterproofing material, but if you still doubt your abilities, you can turn to specialists for help.

Double-sided membranes are most often installed where there is a need to isolate moisture, but at the same time it is necessary to maintain inflow and outflow clean air. An example is ridge knot. It always contains a large amount of moisture, but it is not enough to release humidified air, because the drying process will not take place this way.

Breathable membranes meet every requirement imaginable today. The most important of them is waterproofing and heat saving, here such a product has no equal. The downside is the high cost.

In addition to the side, films differ in vapor permeability.

• The strongest vapor permeability is superdiffusion.
• Simply diffusion refers to materials with average moisture transmission rates.
• Pseudo-diffusion ones have a rather low transmittance, therefore, when installing them, it is necessary to create a special gap for ventilation.

Now that you know almost everything about waterproofing materials, you can begin to analyze their installation.

How to install waterproofing on the roof?

Installation of waterproofing materials is not difficult process, but some requirements must be met.

The biggest difficulty in laying a vapor barrier layer is that this work have to be carried out at height. Often, this causes many unpleasant consequences. Before undertaking such work, it is best to repeat the safety precautions for working at height and acquire high-quality safety equipment and special tools.

As a rule, a waterproofing layer is located on top thermal insulation material, which is located between rafter legs. The staples of a construction stapler or small hardware. Most developers skimp on waterproofing products and think it's profitable, but no matter how. Condensation quickly "eats" the usefulness of the thermal insulation layer and you will need overhaul in just a couple of seasons.

IMPORTANT: If a diffusion membrane has been chosen as the insulating product, then the gap between it and the thermal insulation is not arranged.

To create a good gap, you need small slats. They are laid directly on top of the thermal insulation and covered with waterproofing. It is worth noting that their cross section should be in the range from 30 to 50 millimeters. If this condition is violated, then the roofing pie will not be able to perform its functions correctly.

As a rule, the installation of a waterproofing film is carried out in horizontal strips, i.e. across the slope. All work must move from the bottom up, so they say regulations, but there are some nuances here, namely:

• In the case when the waterproofing material has a width of more than 1.5 meters, then its installation starts from eaves overhang. The film must be spread over the rafter legs. It is very important to do this so that there are no wrinkles on the resulting surface, but if there are any, it is better to eliminate them immediately.
• If you use an anti-condensation film, then it should never be stretched. As the absorbent layer saturates, it will increase its own weight and may tear. To determine the optimal tension, you need to follow simple rule: between the rafter legs, it should sag by 1-2 millimeters.

IMPORTANT: Any waterproofing material cannot be laid with a strong stretch, during operation this will inevitably lead to its rupture. If you do not want this to happen, then loosen the tension and let it sag between the rafter legs by 1-2 millimeters.

It should be noted that when installing ridge element take into account the fact that it cannot be completely covered with waterproofing material. Leave adequate clearances for inflow and outflow air masses. If you still want to completely isolate this area, then you can purchase a superdiffusion membrane. She is able to pass steam into large volumes. In other cases, it is necessary to make a gap between the waterproofing strips of at least 20 centimeters.

Moisture does not penetrate into the room due to reliable roofing material. But do not forget about the steam that rises up from the living quarters. It penetrates into the roof space, precipitates and can adversely affect the thermal insulation material, wood and metal.

Therefore, it is necessary to ensure high-quality insulation of the roofing pie. To prevent the development of such events, you need to know how to lay waterproofing on the roof. Otherwise, this may adversely affect the condition of the insulation. It loses its properties under the influence of moisture or wind. Moisture can come from cracks in the roof surface or from condensation precipitating from steam.

In this article

Why is moisture dangerous for the roof?

Why is this happening? Everyone knows that warm air rises up to the ceiling. Through miniature cracks, it enters the under-roof space. AT winter period it's cold here most of the time. Warm steam, penetrating into the insulation, precipitates and condensation forms. These droplets subsequently turn into ice. As a result, the thermal insulation material is destroyed.

As soon as the frosts leave, the ice begins to melt, which, flowing down, can penetrate into the layers interior decoration premises. As a result, the structure of the finish is destroyed, which means that repair work to restore the building and roof is just around the corner.

As for the thermal insulation material. Mineral wool collapsed after the first winter. Expanded polystyrene will last a little longer, but still, it will become unusable in the near future.

Waterproofing

In order not to think about repairs again in the near future after the installation of the roof, you need to worry about high-quality waterproofing in advance, using a vapor-proof material. It will not pass into the layers of insulation wet air, preventing the occurrence of condensate and the development of mold in the future.

The vapor barrier will also protect the wood from the negative effects of moisture. Consider the installation features modern materials which are most commonly used today.

Features of mounting membranes and films

The film must begin to be laid from below, heading towards the ridge. The next strip of material must overlap the previous one. The width of the overlap should be from 10 to 15 cm.

It is necessary to lay the first row so that the waterproofing between the rafters sags a little. You should also leave 4 cm for the air gap. The film is laid in the same way, from the bottom up. The overlap in this case is no more than 15 cm, while between the rafters there can be a sag of up to 2 cm. The edges of the film are connected with a special adhesive tape. Fastening to the rafters is carried out using a stapler or nails with a wide hat.

Then the film is laid with an overlap of up to 20 cm. Over the laid film, bars of a counter-lattice measuring 4 x 5 cm are stuffed in increments of 15 cm. After that, the crate is installed. When laying waterproofing, it should be remembered that a gap of about 5 cm must be left between the axis of the ridge and the edge of the film.

In places where the bars are located, the film is cut. The film is glued to them with double-sided adhesive tape or adhesive tape. In buildings with skylights The film must be laid taking into account the recommendations of window manufacturers.
Lay the perforated film with the perforation up. This eliminates the possibility of possible leaks.

Installing an anti-condensation film

After rafter system and the thermal insulation layer have been installed, you can proceed with the installation of the waterproofing film. The step between the rafters should not exceed 1.2 m. It is necessary to lay the anti-condensate film so that its absorbent surface does not touch the insulation.

The film is overlapped using mounting adhesive tape. In this case, the joints should be located on the rafters. Care must be taken to ensure that the film is evenly stretched. In no case should there be folds. Between the rafters, you need to leave 2 cm for sagging, to protect the wood from moisture. Fastening is carried out with a stapler and nails.

A gap of about 5 cm must be left between the heat-insulating and waterproofing layers. Excess moisture must drain along the lower edge into the drainage gutter. After that, you can fix it with slats 3 x 5 cm, using nails, insulation.

During installation, the possibility of moisture dripping onto the surface of the insulation should be excluded. In addition, the intersections with additional designs(chimney, antenna, ventilation) must be additionally insulated. To do this, make a trapezoidal incision.

The bottom and top valve must be fixed with a special sealing tape. This is done on horizontal surface crates. The side valves are fixed in the same way, only they are pulled up.
On the roof slopes, the horizontal strips of the film must be overlapped on top. Diffusion and superdiffusion films – perfect option to protect your home from moisture. This material is able to "breathe". In this case, only the upper gap is left between the membrane and the crate for ventilation.

The membranes are laid from the bottom up in strips with an overlap of 20 cm. They are attached with nails.

Before proceeding with any steps to install waterproofing, you should make sure that the antiseptic impregnation that was used to cover the wood has dried. Only after that, counter rails can be stuffed onto the crate to ensure the removal of water vapor. Further installation takes place in the same way as for waterproofing films. For fastening use galvanized nails or a stapler.

Membrane junctions are interconnected double sided tape. The joints with structural elements must also be insulated with an airtight tape.

Installation of bulk diffusion membranes

It is necessary to lay volumetric membranes on the flooring parallel to the eaves. Along the top edge, you need to fix this material with nails. The next roll is placed in such a way that the attachment point is covered by approximately 8 cm. Using a special glue, the intersection is glued together.

In places where the counter-lattice is fastened, a sealing tape is laid on top of the film. In the same way, membranes are laid around the chimney.

So we learned how to correctly put waterproofing on the roof using modern materials.

Watch the video and find out which waterproofing is best for the roof and which one has proven itself over time.