To get a good harvest of cabbage, there are a few basic rules. First, cabbage loves water; based on this, place it in a lowland (if possible). Second - cabbage loves light (a long-term plant daylight hours), i.e. does not tolerate any shading, otherwise you will be without heads of cabbage, with only leaves. Third - cabbage has the most more pests, everyone loves it (aphids, whiteflies, thrips, cabbage moth and other caterpillars). Hence the conclusion - re-landing in the same place at least three years later. Timely processing means of protection (depending on your views on the environment - chemical protection or natural remedies)

The first is to grow seedlings of cabbage

There are two options:

• buy (it is dangerous that they can slip anything)

• grow yourself

good seedlings early varieties of cabbage can only be obtained indoors.

On the windows, she grows frail, often sick with a "black leg". Yes, and there is a lot of trouble with her in the apartment. AT at home hard to bear temperature regime during the day and night.

soil under seedlings I use early cabbage from under cucumbers, add 1 sq. m 1 bucket of crushed red clay, 1 glass wood ash, 1 tbsp. a spoonful of superphosphate. I plant seedlings in open ground in the last decade of April - mid-May.

Seeds are sown 40 days before the expected date of sale. I plant the seeds in the soil with an interval of 7 days in order to receive seedlings for the entire period, as long as there is a demand for it. Before sowing, I soak them in melted water, to which I add 1 tbsp. a spoonful of honey in half a liter of water. After 30 min. I dry the seeds on a fine sieve and powder the powder of hamair and alirin biopreparations to prevent diseases.

Before germination, I keep the crops under an additional film cover at a temperature of about 20 degrees. With the advent of seedlings, I lower the temperature to 10 degrees and try to give the plants maximum sun. I loosen the aisles and powder with wood ash to prevent fungal diseases.

After 2 weeks, the seedlings are watered with a solution of the drug gliocladin. Seedlings of late cabbage grown in open ground with bioheating. At the site of the future bed, I dig a trench about 60 cm deep and 100 cm wide, stuff it with decomposing cow manure, mixing with layers of straw or old hay. This mass releases heat for about 60 days. From above I pour a layer of fertile soil with red clay, which contains many trace elements and retains moisture in the root layer of the soil.

I process seeds before sowing in the same way as for early cabbage. I plant them in the soil in stages to meet the demand of a belated gardener. Before germination, I keep the bed under the film; on cold nights, I additionally warm the crops.

With the advent of seedlings, I put wire arcs and arrange a film shelter. On warm days I remove the shelter. I harden the plants, gradually accustoming them to the open air. With lower heating, plants develop rapidly. If you need to adjust the growth of seedlings, I feed them with a solution of nitrogen fertilizer and water them abundantly. He refused to fertilize with slurry, as they provoke a disease with a black leg.

After planting seedlings to a permanent place, I cover it with lutrasil. Under such shelter, the plants are protected from the burning rays of the sun and the cruciferous flea. survival rate strong seedlings is almost 100%.

There are two ways to grow cabbage: seedling and seedless.

In the case of the first option, seedlings should be grown in greenhouses. The seeds in this case are heated in warm water (about 50 ° C), after which they are sent to the cold for 5 minutes. This sequence helps to disinfect and harden them.

Sow early cabbage seeds stands in early March, mid-ripening - at the end of April, late - towards the end of March. Seeds are buried to a depth of about 1 cm, then they are covered with a film from above. The optimum temperature during this period is + 18 °C. They usually germinate in 5-6 days. Then the film is removed, and the seedlings are kept at a temperature of about + 8 ° C. This moment is very important, because at high temperatures the seedlings take an elongated shape.

After the formation of the first true leaf (and this will happen 5-7 days after germination), the temperature rises to +14, then +17 ° C. You can water the seedlings with a weak solution of potassium permanganate. It is also important to ensure good air ventilation.

Approximately two weeks after sunrise, the seedlings are moved to large area. Ideally, use separate molds or pots. Before you start planting, you should carefully water the soil. And only after that the seedlings are taken out of the ground, they dive and go deep into the soil.

Planting in open ground should be carried out when about 5 leaves have formed in early cabbage, and the height is more than 13 cm. As for medium-fruited and late cabbage, these indicators should respectively be as follows: 6 leaves and at least 15 cm.

With a seedless method, the efficiency of the crop depends on the quality of the soil, which should begin to be prepared from the second half of the previous summer. One or two cultivations are carried out after autumn plowing. In the spring, the field is harrowed, and then cultivated to a depth of about 70 cm. The timing of sowing cabbage in a seedless way is determined climatic features zones.

The seeding rate is about 0.2 gr. per sq. meter. While there are no shoots, after rains, harrow across the rows. After the emergence of seedlings, the bouquet of rows is done. Optimal distance while 50 cm, and the width of the bouquets is about 10 cm. When the plant has about five leaves, the seedlings in the bouquets are thinned out. Selected plants are used for seedlings. Further care is no different from seedlings.

The soil. Cabbage does not like sandy soil and poor organic matter. The best option are floodplain soils, flooded soils, which are additionally supplied mineral fertilizers.

Watering. Cabbage loves water. Best Yield occurs at a humidity of about 70% of the full field capacity. However, do not overdo it, otherwise the development of vascular bacteriosis is possible.

Consider the agricultural technology of white cabbage. It is grown in vegetable-forage crop rotations, and also planted on the soil after perennial herbs, legumes, and onions. But after cruciferous plants, cabbage can be grown no earlier than three years later. Since cabbage leaves behind a field without a large number of weeds, it makes sense to plant cucumbers, tomatoes, and onions in its place next season. Early varieties Cabbage is best placed on upland soils that are rich in mineral and organic matter. Mid-season and late cabbage is optimally planted on loamy meth, small depressions or low areas are also suitable.

The soil is processed as follows: after harvesting early crops, peeling takes place to a depth of about 40-60 cm, after weeds appear - autumn plowing at a depth of about 30 cm. If cabbage is planted after late cultures, then peeling is not carried out.

A good harvest can be expected if a sufficient amount of fertilizer is applied. If we consider the non-chernozem zone, then about 5 kg of manure per sq. m. For early cabbage, humus in the amount of 7-10 kg is more suitable. It will not be superfluous to add ammonium nitrate (about 30 g / sq.m), superphosphate (about 20 g), potassium chloride (about 10 g), especially if the zone is not black earth.

White cabbage can be harvested in one go, if these are early varieties, and at intervals of 5-7 days with medium and late varieties. As for the regions, in the north it is the end of September, in the south - December, in the central zone - October.

The main pest for white cabbage is caterpillars of the cabbage butterfly. The fight against them is carried out manually (if not in large numbers plants) or chemicals. Of the diseases - keel or black leg, the cause of which is watering cold water and dense soil with stagnant moisture.

Cabbage in the process of its growth requires a lot of attention, however, with its harvest, it can subsequently delight the family throughout the autumn and winter season.

Another "recipe" for growing seedlings of white cabbage, cauliflower, Brussels sprouts, broccoli, kohlrabi

Seedlings of white cabbage are grown in protected ground facilities using potted and non-potted methods, with or without picking.

8-10 g of seeds are sown per 1 m2 of greenhouses (50 seedlings per 10 m2), if grown without picking - 1-2 g, when sown in boxes 50x35 cm in size - 3 g of seeds. Sowing depth 0.5-1.5 cm.

Depending on the soil climate zone cultivation, seedlings are sown: early-ripening and mid-early varieties - from mid-January to February 15, mid-season, mid-late varieties - from the third decade of March to April 25, late-ripening - the first decade of May. By the time of planting in a permanent place, white cabbage seedlings should have 4-6 true leaves with a well-developed root system.

After sowing seeds of early-ripening and mid-ripening varieties, the temperature in the facilities must be maintained within 18-20 ° C. When shoots appear (on 3-4 days), the temperature is reduced to 6-10 ° C for 5-7 days so that the seedlings do not stretch . Later in sunny days the temperature is raised to 16-18°C, on cloudy days - up to 12-16°C, at night - reduced to 6-10°C.

Seedlings in the phase of cotyledon leaves dive to a permanent place (pots, or directly into the soil of the greenhouse). If seedlings of white cabbage are grown without picking, it is necessary to add (mulch) the surface of the pots, which contributes to the formation of additional lateral roots. To prevent the disease with a black leg, 130-150 g of ash or 200-250 g of lime are added to the mulch based on 1 m.

Care seedlings white cabbage is to maintain the optimum temperature and humidity of air and soil. Watering is carried out in the morning every 7-10 days, spending 10 liters of water per 1 m. It is desirable to feed seedlings in the phase of 2-3 true leaves (20 g of ammonium nitrate, 40 g of superphosphate and 10 g of potassium sulfate per 10 l of water - per 1 m2). After 10 days, top dressing is repeated, increasing the dose of ammonium nitrate to 30 g, superphosphate - 60 g, potassium sulfate - 20 g. After fertilizing, it is necessary to water the plants with water.

Before planting seedlings of white cabbage in open ground for 10-15 days, it is hardened, gradually lowering the temperature and increasing ventilation, and reducing the amount of watering. Hardened seedlings tolerate frosts down to -5 ° C.

Seedlings of medium-late and late-ripening varieties are grown in open ground. The soil is prepared in the fall, organic fertilizer is applied per 1m 6-8 kg and dug up. In the spring, mineral fertilizer can be applied (30-40 g of ammonium nitrate, 40-50 g of superphosphate and 25-30 g of potassium salt), the soil is compacted. Then ridges are made 1-1.2 m wide, the surface is leveled. Seeds are sown under the marker, the distance between rows is 5-8 cm to a depth of 0.5-1.5 cm. Seedlings will appear on the 5-6th day. When the first true leaf appears on the seedlings, thinning is carried out. In addition to watering and top dressing, during this period they fight against the cruciferous flea. Seedlings are pollinated with tobacco dust or ash, and weeds are also pulled out. From 1 m, the output of seedlings is 200-250 pcs.

The technology and methods of growing other types of cabbage are similar to white cabbage, but have minor differences.

Beijing and Chinese cabbage have a feature - they form a food organ only under conditions short day - in early spring and late autumn. These plants do not tolerate transplanting well, so they are grown directly by sowing seeds in the ground .;

Seedling cauliflower very demanding on soil fertility, moisture, heat and lack of trace elements - manganese and boron. This moisture-loving plant, especially during the formation of the head, does not tolerate high temperatures. An increase in temperature to 25-30 ° C and overdrying of the soil, and also if there is not enough manganese and boron in the soil, small loose heads form and a cavity forms in the stump.

It is grown mainly in seedlings. Seedlings ready for planting should have a well-developed root system and 4-6 true leaves. For the spring growing period, 55-60 day old seedlings are planted, for autumn term- 40-45days.

Broccoli is a variety of cauliflower, characterized by a loose head (inflorescence) green, yellow-green or purple color. Broccoli is less demanding on growing conditions than cauliflower. It is cultivated in both seedling and seedless ways.

vegetable leaf cabbage does not form heads, has flat-leaved and curly-leaved forms. The culture is extremely unpretentious. Differs in frost resistance (withstands frosts down to -20 ° C), withstands shading and low acidity of the soil. Can be grown seedling and seedless. With the seedling method, seedlings are planted in a permanent place at the age of 45-50 days.

Brussels sprouts has a high stem, on which up to 90 small (diameter 2.5-7.0 cm) heads of cabbage are formed in the axils of the leaves. Brussels sprouts have a long growing season (135-160 days), so they are grown mainly in seedlings. Seeds for seedlings are sown on April 20-25 in open nurseries. Shoots appear on the 5-6th day. During this period, the senets are treated with ash or tobacco dust from the cruciferous flea, which damages the cotyledon leaves and the growth point. Seedlings are planted in a permanent place at the age of 40-45 days.

At kohlrabi cabbage the product organ is a juicy and tender stem crop. There are early ripe (from germination to technical maturity up to 80 days), mid-ripening (81-90), late-ripening (over 90 days) varieties. To obtain early production, seedlings are grown. Disembarkation dates are determined by the time of consumption of products. The earliest planting date is the end of April -1 decade of May, middle and late varieties - from May 15 to June 5. Seedlings are ready for planting with 3-5 true leaves. With a seedless method, seeds are sown in two to three terms with an interval in 15-20 days Kohlrabi is also grown by repeated crops, sowing seeds directly on the beds in mid-July - early August, depending on the zone.

Cultivation of cabbage

For a good harvest white cabbage you need to know that early varieties grow best in well-drained areas with light loamy and sandy soils. You can plant mid-season and late varieties in areas with loamy and peat soil. It is better to prepare the soil for cabbage in the fall.

How to properly fertilize the garden was considered in a separate topic.

In order to grow cabbage carefully dig up the area with white cabbage, and if the soil is acidic, add chalk or dolomite flour (200 - 400 g per 1 m²). Good result gives autumn application of organic fertilizers. In the spring, do not forget about mineral fertilizers: apply 10 g of urea and wood ash per 1 m², dig the soil again, loosen it and make holes. You can fertilize immediately before planting seedlings, adding compost, wood ash and nitrophoska to each well.

To grow cabbage seedlings, sow seeds in boxes with a light and loose soil mixture (soddy soil and peat in a 1: 1 ratio or turf soil, peat and humus in a 2: 2: 1 ratio). To prevent the development of this club vegetable crop, warm the earth mixture in the oven or shed before sowing the seeds hot water.
The timing of sowing cabbage seeds for seedlings: early varieties - mid-March, mid-season - the end of April, late - the beginning of April.

In the first decade of May, seedlings of medium and late varieties of cabbage are recommended to be picked, transplanted into nurseries in the garden and covered with foil. Seedlings of mid-season and late varieties can be sown immediately in nurseries.
Don't sow the seeds too often as the seedlings will start to stretch.
Seedlings of white cabbage grow well in a cool place (the optimum temperature during the day is 14-18 ° C, at night - 6-8 ° C), but good lighting is necessary for normal development. With a lack of light, the seedlings will stretch.

Water the seedlings regularly with cool, but not too cold water, while making sure that the water does not stagnate in the soil. The timing of planting seedlings in open ground depends on the precocity of the variety. Plant early varieties of cabbage in late April - early May, mid-ripening and late - in the second or third decade of May.
Plant seedlings in rows 25 cm between plants and 40 - 50 cm between rows (for late varieties, increase the distance between plants and between rows by 10 cm).
After planting, water the cabbage thoroughly and mulch the soil with any organic material.

Watering. Cabbage is the most moisture-loving garden crop. In the first third of the growing season, water it 1 time in 3 - 4 days, later - 1 time per week. Water consumption, depending on air temperature and soil type, is 2 - 4 liters for young plants and 10 - 15 liters for mature plants.
After watering, do not forget to loosen or mulch the soil so that the moisture in it remains longer.

Top dressing. Pre-sowing fertilization is not enough to get a good cabbage crop. During the season, it is recommended to carry out at least 2 - 3 dressings, for late varieties - 3-4.
Fertilize white cabbage for the first time 15 to 20 days after transplanting. For this purpose, mullein (0.5 kg per 10 liters of water) or a mixture of double superphosphate, ammonium sulfate and wood ash (30, 60 and 200 g per 10 liters of water, respectively) is suitable.

If you want to grow good harvest white cabbage, after 10 - 15 days, make a second dressing after the first. Apply a solution of mullein under the cabbage or chicken manure or complex mineral fertilizers. In the future, alternate the application of organic and mineral fertilizers.

The site for planting seedlings of cabbage should be chosen open and with fertile soil. The best predecessors for cabbage are legumes, cucumbers, as well as root crops. Can't grow cabbage anymore three years in the same place. Re-seedlings of cabbage in the same place can be planted no earlier than after 4 years.

The best soils for cabbage are loams. If the soil has an acidic environment, it must be prepared in the fall. To do this, in the soil per 1 sq.m. make 1 - 2 cups of dolomite flour or chalk and dig it up. Any varieties of cabbage are sensitive to the presence of organic fertilizers in the soil. Therefore, for 1 sq.m. 5-6 kg are applied to poorly cultivated soils. manure, floodplain 4 - 5 kg., Lowland 2 - 2.5 kg. In the spring it is necessary to apply organic mineral fertilizers. From organic matter, compost or manure humus 3-4 kg is usually added. per 1 sq.m., from mineral 1 tsp. urea and 1 tbsp. wood ash, then carefully dug up. If you do not have enough fertilizer, they can be applied to the hole immediately before planting cabbage (0.5 kg of compost, 1 tbsp of wood ash and 0.5 tsp of nitrophoska, all this composition is thoroughly mixed with the soil). After that, the entire area is thoroughly watered. Cabbage seedlings are planted in different time. Early varieties of cabbage are planted in late April early May. To do this, it is advisable to choose cloudy days, if the days are hot, it is better to plant seedlings of cabbage in the afternoon. The distance between rows for early cabbage is 40 - 50 cm. The distance in the row between plants is 25 cm. Later varieties of cabbage begin to be planted from mid-May to June 1. The distance between rows is 50 - 55 cm, between plants in a row is 30 - 35 cm. When planting, cabbage seedlings are buried in the soil to the first true leaf.

In order for the plant to take root faster, it is sprayed with water for a week 2-3 times a day from a watering can. So that the cabbage plant does not receive sunburn the first 2 - 3 days after disembarkation, it is shaded. You can plant 2 - 3 cabbage plants in 1 hole, after they start growing, a leader will emerge among them. Then thinning can be carried out, leaving the most strong plant cabbage.

If you are interested in how to collect 60 tomatoes from one bush, then follow the link to this topic.

Cabbage began to be grown in Russia in the 10th century, and for more than a thousand years it has remained one of the most popular vegetables. It is rich in minerals, contains vitamins B1, B2, B3, P, PP, K. In winter and early spring sauerkraut replenishes the deficiency in the human body of vitamin C. However, organic vegetables with excellent taste can only be grown in your own garden. A seedling method of growing this crop will allow you to get an earlier harvest.

When to sow cabbage for seedlings

To achieve excellent results, it is necessary to carry out sowing on time. Regional features of the climate and the variety of cabbage affect the time of sowing. Varieties of vegetables have different periods of ripening.

With the seedling method of growing cabbage, you can get an earlier harvest.

Early cabbage (June, early Ditmar, Sugar ball f1, Orient Express f1, Golden hectare) is sown in late February - early March. Seedlings will be ready for planting in the garden in 40-55 days, and after 55-60 days it will be possible to collect ripe heads and prepare vitamin salads or preserve them. Loose heads small sizes up to 2 kg with tender leaves they are not stored for a long time, they cannot be fermented.

Early ripe June cabbage is sown for seedlings in the first days of spring

In the varieties of the average ripening period Gift, Slava, Raznosol f1, Kuharka f1, Mother-in-law f1 sowing frames - from mid-March to the 20th of April. They ripen within 70–75 days after planting the seedlings in the garden. Mid-season cabbage with larger heads (3-5 kg) and dense, strong leaves is used for pickling and pickling. But since it contains a lot of sugars, it is not stored for too long, until January, it can become soft and ferment.

Late varieties Sugar Loaf, Snow White, Moscow Late 15, Lausanne f1, Zimovka, ripening in 165–180 days, are sown in the first half of April. With good head density and tough leaves, this cabbage has good keeping quality and is ideal for fermentation.

Growing seedlings of late-ripening cabbage Moscow late 15 begins in the first half of April

In order to be able to cook fresh cabbage salads, cabbage soup and cabbage rolls in the summer season, to prepare hodgepodges and crispy snacks for the winter, you need to grow different varieties in the garden.

Video: timing of sowing white cabbage. Region: Ural and Western Siberia

Favorable time for sowing cabbage in a greenhouse and open ground

It is not always possible to create in an apartment for seedlings comfortable conditions. Therefore, many summer residents plant cabbage for seedlings in an outdoor greenhouse, where you can control the temperature and humidity of the air, maintaining a microclimate suitable for plants.

Sowing dates in the greenhouse

Moisture-loving cabbage is quite cold-resistant, but too low temperatures can destroy her. in outdoor greenhouses and glass greenhouses sowing can be done as early as the tenth of April. When the sun shines, the air inside the greenhouses warms up instantly, but the ground long time stays cold. Therefore, it is necessary to loosen the soil and moisten warm water, to create the necessary conditions for seed germination. In case of severe cooling, it is necessary to insulate the crops additionally by covering them with plastic wrap.

A favorable microclimate is created in greenhouses for the development of cabbage seedlings

Sowing seeds in open ground

You can sow cabbage and just on the seedbed. When the sprouts get stronger, they are thinned out, and in late May - early June they are planted in a permanent place. Such seedlings grow strong and hardened. And although before planting it is less tall than grown on the windowsill, it quickly overtakes it in development, because it does not need an adaptation period.

Crops in the open field are covered with a film on arcs

Experienced gardeners prefer to sow mid-late and late cabbage immediately in a permanent place. The seedless method has its advantages: no need to mess with seedlings, waste time and effort. In addition, viable strong plants grow in the open field, adapted to life in the open air. The absence of a transplant helps to reduce the growing season and accelerate the maturation of heads of cabbage. Plants develop a more powerful root system, extending into the deeper layers of the soil, which provides them with a better supply of moisture.

Cabbage sprouts in the garden, covered with a jar, will survive the cold weather perfectly

In the central regions, sowing is carried out in the last days of April - early May, in the south earlier, in the second decade of April. Kohlrabi and Beijing cabbage can be sown until the end of July, using the beds freed from early vegetables. By this time, the earth should warm up well, and the air temperature during the day should not fall below + 12 ° С. You can cover the area under the cabbage with a black film - this will significantly speed up the heating of the soil. For seed germination, a certain temperature regime is necessary, and the warmer it is outside, the less time it will take for seedlings to appear and the more intensively they will develop. Seeds can lie in cold soil long time and will begin to germinate only after the soil warms up to + 5 ° С. In the sun-warmed soil up to +20°C, sprouts are already visible on the 4th day, at a lower temperature of +10°C, germination can be delayed for 2 weeks. In the central and northern regions, spring return frosts, so the bed with crops must be covered with agrofiber or cabbage is sown under plastic bottles.

Cabbage sown in the garden grows more viable

Video: March 30, 31, sowing cabbage

When to sow cabbage for seedlings, depending on the type

When determining the timing of sowing, the growing season of cabbage varieties must be taken into account. Early species give a harvest in 90-120 days - at the end of June. They are sown from the beginning of March to the end of March. Ripe heads of mid-ripening cabbage are harvested 120–160 days after sowing, at the end of July - August. Her seedling period begins from March 25 to April 25. Late-ripening cabbage requires 160–180 days to form heads. Sowing on seedlings of late varieties is carried out throughout April. You can sow each species at a time or carry out conveyor sowing with an interval of 7-10 days, stretching the harvest time.

Seeds of late varieties of cabbage are sown for seedlings in April in order to harvest in October

Sowing dates vary depending on climatic zones. In Siberia and the Urals, cabbage seeds are sown a week or two later than in the central regions. Early varieties are sown in mid-April, middle and late - in early May.

AT southern regions on the contrary, sowing is carried out at the end of winter. Seedlings of early cabbage begin to be grown in the third decade of February, and from the beginning of April they are transplanted into unprotected soil.

Video: the best varieties of cabbage. Early and late varieties. When to plant cabbage for seedlings

When is the best time to plant cabbage seedlings in the ground?

The future harvest of cabbage largely depends on the quality of seedlings and its timely transplantation into the ground. Seedlings ready for planting in the garden should have a strong stem 10–15 cm high and 3 pairs of true leaves.

Seedlings with a strong stem 15 cm high and 2-3 pairs of leaves are ready for transplanting into the ground

Overgrown, too elongated seedlings take root worse. Seedlings are planted on the site in the last days of April - May. The exact time of planting depends on the variety and weather. If it is sunny and warm during the day, and frosty matinees occur in the morning, the prepared seedlings will not suffer from a short drop in temperature to -3 ° C. But if the spring is long and cold, you should not rush, you should postpone plant transplantation until warming.

Seedlings are planted in the ground at a steady state warm weather to the prepared garden

Seedlings of early cabbage, ripening in July, are planted in the garden 40-55 days after sowing, from April 25 to May 15. From mid-May to mid-June, seedlings of medium ripeness at the age of 35–40 days are transplanted to the site. Cabbage seedlings of late varieties are ready for planting in the ground at the age of 30-35 days.

Table: seedling planting dates

Video: planting cabbage seedlings in the ground

Favorable time for sowing cabbage in 2019 according to the lunar calendar

Experienced gardeners, planning sowing or landing work, try to adhere to the lunar calendar. After all, even our ancestors noticed that the night luminary affects plants, and differently in different phases. The best period for sowing and planting seedlings falls on the growing moon, which accumulates energy. At this time, the energy and juices in the plants rush up, contributing to their intensive growth.

The lunar calendar is compiled taking into account the phases of the moon and its passage through the signs of the zodiac

Seeds that fall into the soil during this period swell quickly, the impact of the night star enhances their germination. Such days are good for planting and transplanting any plants, especially those grown for the sake of leaves. In the phase of the growing moon, all crops need a lot of water and nutrition, this is the most suitable time for watering and fertilizing.

On the waning moon, most of the juices are in the roots, so it is better not to pick seedlings or plant them in a new place at this time: even minor damage to the roots can weaken the plants and slow down their development. It is not recommended to plan planting and transplanting in phases full moon and new moon, when the viability of plants is reduced. During the full moon period, which lasts 3 days, you can thin out cabbage crops, clear the soil of weeds. On the days of the new moon, which also last three days, the circulation of juices stops, the growth of plants stops. Crops, plantings and transplants are undesirable during this period. On such days, it is better to do the protection of plants from diseases.

When planning garden work, it is important to take into account the passage of the moon through the zodiac constellation. Zodiac signs affect vegetable crops in different ways: some contribute to good seed germination and activate plant growth, others are suitable for harvesting and other garden work. The most fertile signs are Cancer, Scorpio, Pisces. If, when sowing, the phase of the moon and its passage through the fertile signs of the zodiac are taken into account, cabbage will develop more intensively, rapidly gaining leaf mass.

When sowing seeds in auspicious days the process of their germination is accelerated and the growth of seedlings is more intensive

Table: good and bad days for the development of cabbage according to the Lunar calendar 2019

In an unfavorable period, it is better not to work with plants at all. On these days of the lunar month, crops and transplants are undesirable.

If you plan the sowing and transplanting of cabbage in accordance with the phases of the moon, you can speed up the process of plant development and increase their viability. However, to get high yields, it is not enough just to follow the recommendations of the lunar calendar. Only sowing seeds at the optimal time, regular proper care behind cabbage will bring the desired results.

That and on big harvest do not have to count. In order for the seedlings to turn out healthy and hardy, it is necessary to comply with all the requirements for proper sowing of seeds and care.

Before purchasing planting material, decide what kind of cabbage you want to receive in the end, why and at what time you will need it in ready-made. Have you thought about using young cabbage for making salads, or do you need a vegetable for fermentation and a long winter storage? The choice of variety and timing of sowing will depend on the answer to this question.

Early ripe varieties of white cabbage give a small harvest. The weight of heads of cabbage reaches 1.5 kg with a relatively low density. Mid-ripening cabbage can either be eaten immediately after harvesting, or used to prepare preparations for the winter in the form of pickles. And late-ripening varieties will best retain their freshness throughout the cold season.

The time for planting seedlings in the beds depends on the timing of the ripening of the vegetable. And the period in which the seeds are planted depends on the time the seedlings are transplanted into open ground.

sowing seed cabbage for seedlings - as well as planting seedlings in open ground - is carried out during a period that depends on the weather characteristic of a given climatic zone and on the vegetable variety.

The age of seedlings, completely ready for planting in the soil, is different for each of the varieties.

1. Landing on the beds white cabbage early varieties are produced for seedlings that have reached 45–60 days of age. For late species, a 35-day age of seedlings is sufficient. This rule also applies red cabbage and hybrid varieties .
2. Before transfer to the beds broccoli seedlings should reach the age of 35-45 days.
3. cauliflower planted on beds upon reaching 45-50 days of age of seedlings. Brussels sprouts planted in the same way.
4. Kohlrabi planted at the age of 35 days, and seedlings savoy cabbage can "tolerate" up to 50 days.

When to sow seedlings

Taking into account the timing of planting seedlings different varieties cabbage on the beds, calculate the time of sowing seeds. We give approximate terms for the middle band.

1. Early ripe white cabbage is sown on March 10–25. At the same time, hybrid varieties and red cabbage are sown. Mid-season and late species similar varieties are sown on April 10–15.
2. Broccoli planting material is sown several times. The time interval between crops is 15-20 days. The first time is sown in the second decade of March, and the last time - in the third decade of May. Do the same with cauliflower.
3. Brussels sprout seeds are planted in the second half of April.
4. If you want to harvest kohlrabi early, sow in the second decade of March. Kohlrabi seeds are also sown for seedlings several times. But it is not recommended to do this after June. Subject to all the rules, you can immediately plant the seeds in open ground.
5. Savoy cabbage of early ripe varieties is sown from 10 to 20 March. It is better to sow mid-season species from April 10 to April 20, and late - in the first days of the month.

How to prepare cabbage seeds for sowing

To a large extent, the success of the future cabbage crop depends on good seedlings, and cabbage, in turn, is obtained from quality seeds, so purchase the best quality seed.

Before planting seeds, they must first be prepared. At the stage of sowing seeds, it is possible, with the help of certain actions, to significantly reduce the likelihood of serious cabbage diseases in the future, which will allow you to get healthy and hardy seedlings.

When buying already processed planting material (which is usually indicated on a bag of seeds), you only need to hold them for 20 minutes in water heated to + 50 ° C. You can eliminate the likelihood of fungal diseases of cabbage if you cool them in cold water for 5 minutes after warming up.

Note! Some varieties of cabbage do not require seed wetting before planting. Be sure to consider this point.

Soak the seeds classical method to speed up their germination

How to prepare the soil for sowing cabbage seeds

Strong seedlings of cabbage can be obtained if you correctly prepare a nutrient mixture of soil. Land for seedlings is best prepared in the fall. It is acceptable, but less desirable, to prepare the mixture immediately before sowing the seeds.

Take one part of the turf and humus, a small amount of ash (10 tablespoons per 10 kg of soil) and stir well. The ash here will not only supply the soil useful elements, but also prevents the appearance of a black leg on seedlings due to its antiseptic properties.

The earth should be treated with water with a small amount of potassium permanganate for disinfection. When preparing the soil mixture, it is necessary to adhere to an acidity index equal to or close to neutral.

Of course, it is possible to make an earth composition both on the basis of turf and on the basis of other nutritional ingredients, such as peat, for example. The resulting soil mixture should pass air well and be fertile.

On a note! Suitable soil for cabbage seedlings can be found commercially. For these purposes, not only the soil mixture intended directly for cabbage is suitable. The use of universal primer is also allowed. The land from your garden is unsuitable, as using it increases the risk of infection of the seedlings.

Step-by-step instructions for the correct sowing of cabbage seeds

Cabbage seedlings will take root better in the open field if produced. This will also positively affect the volume of its root system, and the plants themselves will be stronger.

Table. Instructions for growing seedlings of cabbage.

If you do not plan to pick cabbage seedlings, it is recommended to immediately plant the seeds in a separate container. Then its roots will reach the required size, and the transfer to open ground will take place in the most gentle way.

Lighting, temperature and watering cabbage seedlings

To grow strong and stocky plants, you need to provide seedlings with additional lighting, since there is not enough light in the rooms where they usually grow. For lighting purposes, an ordinary lamp is suitable daylight, which should illuminate the cabbage from 12 to 15 hours daily.

Watering seedlings is done when the surface of the soil dries out. Cabbage is a moisture-loving plant. But with an excess of moisture, blackleg disease can develop or root rot can occur. To harden cabbage seedlings and prevent moisture stagnation, it is recommended to ventilate the room after irrigation.

Before the first shoots of white cabbage appear, it is necessary to maintain the temperature in the room from + 18 ° C to + 20 ° C. Then, for young sprouts, the optimum temperature will be from +15°С to +17°С during the day, and from +8°С to +10°С at night. Such a wide range of temperatures is necessary to strengthen the seedlings and prevent them from stretching.

For cauliflower, the same rule applies, but average temperature should be higher. The excess should be 5–7°C relative to those night and day temperatures that are maintained when growing white cabbage seedlings. If this is not observed, then the harvest will be worse, and the inflorescences will be smaller in size.

If speak about middle lane, then watermelons here (as well as some other crops - for example, melon) are preferable to grow through seedlings. In fact, there is nothing complicated in this process, the main thing is to know how to do it.

How to fertilize cabbage seedlings

During the period of growing seedlings, cabbage must be fed. In total, such dressings need to be made three to four times.

For the first time, top dressing is carried out when the seedlings are sufficiently rooted after picking. As a rule, this period is from a week to ten days. Top dressing is carried out using the following composition: 1 g of potassium chloride, 4 g of superphosphate, 2.5 g of ammonium nitrate per 1 liter of water heated to a warm state. A composition of urea diluted in 10 liters of water in the amount of one tablespoon is also suitable. The stress caused by picking plants is well neutralized by top dressing prepared from chicken manure (or mullein) and water in a ratio of 1:10.

The second time the seedlings are fed in the period from 12 to 14 days after the first feeding took place. To do this, the seedlings are irrigated with a mixture of 4 g of ammonium nitrate per 1 liter of water.

The third time, top dressing is carried out seven days before the transfer of seedlings to open ground. Fertilizer is applied from bird droppings (or mullein), or the following composition is used: 3 g of ammonium nitrate, 2 g of potassium chloride, 8 g of superphosphate per 1 liter of water.

On a note! Additionally, you can feed the seedlings with a yeast-based fertilizer. To do this, diluted from 50 to 70 g of yeast in 5 liters of water. After 1-2 days, seedlings can be irrigated with this mixture.

Video - Sowing cabbage for seedlings

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Features of the selection and planting of seedlings

Knowing when to plant Chinese cabbage is not enough to harvest a rich harvest, for this you still need to choose the right seedlings. This variety garden culture potted seedlings should be planted in open ground, since potless seedlings take root very poorly.

It is used as a prevention of the development of fungal diseases. After two weeks, it is recommended to water the seedlings with a solution of the preparation glyocladin. Seeds of late varieties can be sown in open ground with bioheating. ​

Features of care

After planting, the seedlings must be shaded to protect them from direct sun rays. In order for the plant to take root, it must be sprayed with water for a week. Watering seedlings is carried out using a watering can. The plant is considered to be accustomed when a new leaf appears.

Stop watering seedlings 7 days before planting.

What varieties to choose?

After sowing cabbage in open ground, water the soil, cover the holes with plastic wrap. Expect seedlings in three days. It is not necessary to slightly open the landings at this time, but if it costs a lot hot weather, lift one edge of the film during the day, and cover it in the evening.​

Cooking seeds

It is also very important that the cabbage has enough light. In conditions where the cabbage does not have enough light, it gives large leaves, but the head of cabbage turns out to be loose and small. Therefore, a place for growing cabbage must be chosen sunny.

If broccoli will be grown using seedlings, then a soil mixture will be required, which includes peat, soddy soil and sand in a 1: 1: 1 combination. It is undesirable to use old earth from the garden, as it can be infected with a black leg. After sowing seeds, you should strive to maintain a temperature of about 20 degrees, and when shoots appear, the temperature can be reduced to 10 degrees. It is important not to overmoisten the substrate, otherwise the seedlings may get sick. At the age of two weeks, seedlings dive, but seedlings can be planted in open ground gradually so that they get used to sunlight, wind and temperature changes.

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Gardeners carry out the third top dressing in June. To do this, take 10 liters of water and 2 tbsp. superphosphate, as well as a tablespoon of potassium sulfate. For each square meter, you need to pour about 7 liters of the composition. The fourth feeding should be carried out in August: we make a composition of 10 liters of water and a tablespoon of nitrophoska and spend about 8 liters per square meter. Do not forget about pests in the form of snails, aphids and slugs. They can be fought with wood ash - one glass per square meter.

1. As already mentioned, this process should be carried out depending on the type of variety. Early cabbage can be planted from the end of April to the first week of May, and late varieties can be planted towards the end of May. It is noteworthy that the timing for planting cabbage varies in certain regions of the country, depending on the climatic zone.​
2. From a well-chosen neighborhood with other vegetables, cabbage will grow much better. Many gardeners cannot decide where to plant cabbage. To begin with, it is worth saying that it is worth adhering to a few rules:​
3. Any seedlings should not only be properly grown, but also properly planted in the ground. Besides, important role plays and careful preparation soil, and then plant cabbage, radish or onion. In this article, we will talk about the features of planting cabbage, starting with growing or choosing seedlings and ending with transplanting it into open ground.

This is a fairly cold-resistant crop, so it can be planted at a temperature of 15-22 degrees. Seedlings are placed not too close to each other, there should not be more than 12-15 plants per meter. ​

If you decide to plant plants with seedlings, choose plants that have 5 full leaves. The height of the plant should be 15-20 cm, when choosing a higher seedling it will be difficult for it to take root, in addition, it can get sick. Saplings of a lower height will give a later and less rich harvest. ​

Preparing the site in advance

If you plant seedlings of cabbage in cold weather, the plant will lag behind in development or may die altogether.

Water the seedlings abundantly 2 hours before planting.

When and how to plant?

After sprouts of cabbage, fertilizing should be carried out. Use any complex fertilizer in strict accordance with the instructions. After that, you will notice how the plants will quickly grow and catch up with those that were grown using seedlings.

It is very important to protect cabbage from caterpillars. Caterpillars appear after the flight of butterflies, which lay their eggs on cabbage leaves. There is different ways control of these insects. You can spray plants with Intavir or other chemicals, you can collect eggs by hand if the area of ​​​​crops is small, or you can use the scare method by hanging shells from chicken eggs over cabbage. In this case, the butterflies, thinking that other butterflies are flying over the cabbage and the place is occupied, do not lay their eggs on the cabbage leaves. The most reliable way is to pick the caterpillars by hand and inspect the cabbage leaves for the presence of butterfly eggs.

1. Kohlrabi is distinguished by a juicy and tender stem. This cabbage can be early, as well as medium and late ripening. To obtain early varieties, seedlings are needed, it can be planted as early as the end of April. As soon as a few true leaves appear, the seedlings can be planted in the ground. If you grow kohlrabi without seedlings, then the seeds should be sown in two or three runs, while the interval should be at least 20 days. The optimal time for this is mid-June-early August. This kind of cabbage should be constantly moistened: after the seedlings are planted, watering should be every 2-3 days. Then you can switch to watering once a week. After each moistening, the soil must be loosened to a depth of 5-8 cm.
2. Late varieties of cabbage are usually grown outdoors, however, and this process, which seems simple, actually needs to be carefully calibrated. Moreover, for planting in the spring, not seedlings are used, but seeds. Before sowing, it is necessary to loosen the soil well, carefully rid it of weeds, and then sow the seeds to a depth of about 3 cm. A feature of growing in open ground is that you need to monitor the appearance of the first shoots. The problem is that they can be attacked by fleas, and therefore you need to take care of protecting the bushes in advance. How to do it?​

The landing technology also has certain features:

Care features: watering and loosening

The best predecessors for this vegetable are beans, cereals, root vegetables and cucumbers.

Don't forget to feed

If you do not grow cabbage from seeds, but prefer to buy ready-made seedlings, remember some rules. Firstly, you need to choose bushes that are stocky and strong, avoiding stems with black threads - they speak of a vegetable disease. Secondly, you should not take seedlings that have swelling with nodules - this indicates a lesion with a keel.

For those who decide to grow cauliflower, it is important to know that it grows poorly in apartments due to high temperature and inadequate lighting. For seedlings optimal temperature is 18 degrees, otherwise the stems are strongly drawn out.

Experienced gardeners know that it is important to properly prepare the soil before planting cabbage seedlings, because this vegetable crop is very demanding on soil fertility. Before planting seedlings per square meter, it is necessary to add up to 10 kg of rotted manure, adding 2-3 tablespoons of a mixture of mineral fertilizers, after which everything should be dug up well. ​

We plant cabbage in the ground: features of the process

Be sure to deeply loosen the soil after each seedling watering. Spud the plant 20 days after planting. Hilling should be repeated after 10 days. 20 days after planting, you should also feed the plant. To protect seedlings from pests, the soil and seedlings can be treated with ash. Cabbage, a plant that needs moisture. Therefore, when growing cabbage, the level of soil moisture should be controlled. During dry weather, regular watering should be carried out. The plant needs to be fed 1-2 times during watering.

Before planting, in order to protect the plant from pests, soak the seedlings in a solution of carbos.

From whom to protect the cabbage?

For flowering and fruiting cabbage requires a long daylight hours. Since cabbage planted with seeds reaches its ripeness for a long time, recently it has been planted only with seedlings.

Cabbage is different: Beijing, Brussels sprouts and cauliflower ...

During the summer there are two flights of the cabbage fly, which lays its eggs under the root of the cabbage. White worms grow out of them and destroy the cabbage, biting into the root. To protect themselves from this misfortune, two methods are used: they pollinate cabbage with shag or tobacco before the flight of flies, or water the plants with water infused with tobacco or plants that repel butterflies. If the worms have already started and the cabbage is sick (the leaves fade during the day), then watering with salt water can save the plants: one liter of water per plant with a tablespoon of salt dissolved in this water.

Cabbage is a healthy vegetable, and therefore beloved by many. To grow a good crop on your site, you need very little - just know when and how to plant seedlings and how to prepare the soil.

First, you need to regularly inspect the seedlings. If suddenly you notice holes in cabbage leaves, it's time to act. First, we process the area with ashes, however, this is best done with damp soil. Effective use of infusions based on garlic, onions, tobacco dust. Secondly, plants can be covered with a film in advance, while simultaneously processing chemicals. Thirdly, cabbage planted in open ground requires a sufficient amount of moisture. This is explained by the fact that due to the large sheet surface too much water evaporates. With a lack of moisture, the yield will decrease, so ideally you need to know how to plant cabbage correctly: it is best to do this in low relief or near water bodies. Fourthly, there should not be too much moisture, otherwise the cabbage will stop growing and become withered. Accordingly, you can not even dream of a harvest.

… kohlrabi and broccoli

Early varieties are planted like this: there should be a distance of 45 cm between the rows, and in a row the distance should be about 25 cm.

You can not grow cabbage for two to three years in a row in the same place.

How to plant seedlings of cabbage? To begin with, we select only good and healthy bushes that have at least five strong leaves. We dig these bushes into the ground to the very outlet, while it is important that the roots do not remain on the surface. After planting, the ground should be tamped and then watered.

Many gardeners easily solve the question of how to plant cauliflower in order to create the necessary conditions for the plants. They sow seeds in the greenhouse at the end of February, and in early April, the seedlings can already be safely planted in open soil. ​

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Cultivation of cabbage in open ground.

Do not forget that this vegetable crop cannot be planted two years in a row in the same place, because in this case you will not get a rich harvest. The fact is that the left stumps contribute to the reproduction of pathogens of many diseases, and cabbage fly larvae actively breed on their roots.

On the choice of varieties for cultivation

Having paid a little attention to planting seedlings in open ground, following all the rules and advice, you can count on harvesting a rich harvest. ​

seedling preparation

Seedling roots before planting can be treated with any biostimulant to accelerate growth.

When it is considered right to plant cabbage seedlings in open ground, even experienced gardeners and summer residents cannot answer. It all depends on weather conditions.​

Watering cabbage must be carried out daily and better by sprinkling. With a lack of water, the cabbage becomes stiff and does not grow well. Even with further normal watering, the cabbage will not gain the lost mass. On the other hand, especially at the stage when cabbage takes root in open ground, waterlogging is very harmful to it. Under these conditions, she rots and dies.

Outdoor cabbage care

Cabbage is different: white, red, Brussels sprouts, Peking, cauliflower, ornamental .... This article will focus on the cultivation of white cabbage. It plays an important role in human nutrition; without it, you cannot cook cabbage soup or borscht. Most of the population of our country harvests cabbage for the winter. What are the features of growing cabbage in open ground?

It is worth remembering that any care errors - incorrect or missed watering or poor ventilation - will affect the appearance various diseases. The most popular disease is considered to be black leg, which can be combated with a wood ash-based substrate. You can fight root rot by treating the roots with Trichodermin and Rizoplan. These drugs are biologically pure, so they do not have any harmful effects on seedlings. Thanks to the treatment of the first of them, a zone protected from microorganisms is created around the roots, and the Rizoplan preparation allows the seedlings to absorb iron, which means that they will have immunity to the black leg. Means "Trichodermin" must be added to the soil mixture, and then plant cabbage.

When planting late varieties, the distance is greater: between rows - 60 cm, between bushes - 35 cm.

Soil for cabbage must be fertile and structured, and therefore perfect option- This is a loam, in which there is a lot of humus and which retains moisture well. The soil must be neutral.

Cabbage is a very demanding vegetable, so it must be carefully cared for. Firstly, you need to prepare rotted manure - 10 kg of manure and a few tablespoons of mineral fertilizers will be required per square meter, after which the earth needs to be dug up. Since not everyone knows how to plant cabbage correctly, very often seedlings are planted in the same place where they grew last year. This is fundamentally wrong, because pathogens of various diseases will accumulate in the ground, larvae will appear that will harm the roots. To avoid this, you need to cover the planted seedlings, for example, with a transparent cap.

Harvesting

Remember that only strong and even seedlings will bring you a good harvest, crooked, thin and overgrown seedlings will not make it possible to harvest heads of this healthy vegetable. It is better to prepare the bed in advance: add manure or compost in the fall, and during the planting itself - complex mineral fertilizers, such as nitrophoska or azofoska. ​

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Therefore, it is best to choose a place where cucumbers used to grow, this will be the ideal soil for any type and variety of this crop. It is important that the area allotted for planting a vegetable crop is open and fertile, the best soil for it is loam. ​

Good seedlings of early varieties can only be obtained by growing them in closed ground, where a greenhouse effect is created. It is very difficult to grow healthy cabbage on the window, because at home it is not always possible to maintain optimal day and night temperatures.

If the seedling has 5-6 leaves, its height is about 15 cm - it is ready for planting in open land. On average, this happens 30-45 days after seed germination. If the seedlings have outgrown, do not be discouraged, there is a way out. You just need to cut off the two bottom sheets, which will wither anyway. If the seedling has grown very much, its stem bends.

Conditions for planting cabbage seedlings in open ground

Cut cabbage for storage after frost. It becomes softer, tastier and juicier. Cabbage calmly tolerates frosts down to minus 7 ° C, and many gardeners even specifically wait for the cabbage to freeze and it can be cut for harvesting. Mid-season varieties of cabbage are suitable for pickling. Late-ripening varieties are used for long-term fresh winter storage. Early ripe varieties of cabbage are not intended for salting and long-term storage.

All varieties of cabbage can be divided into three groups according to ripening time: early, medium (mid-early and mid-late) and late. Agrotechnics of cultivation different varieties different, but also a lot in common. Early cabbage gives a harvest in 2 - 3 months, medium - in 3 - 5 months, late - in 5 - 7 months from germination.

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When to plant cabbage seedlings in open ground | Sinyorita.ru

In the main part of the article, we talked about the features of cabbage - preparing the soil for sowing it, growing seedlings and its further planting in the ground, and care features. However, in addition to white cabbage, many today also plant varieties such as cauliflower, Brussels sprouts, kohlrabi or broccoli. Despite the fact that the basic rules for growing different varieties are approximately the same, it cannot do without nuances.

Knowing at what distance to plant cabbage, it is important that the vegetables develop well and do not interfere with each other while tying the head. The process of planting seedlings also has a number of nuances. Firstly, it should be planted in cloudy weather, and if it is hot, then only in the afternoon. Secondly, seedlings should be deepened to the first true leaf. Thirdly, for improved engraftment of bushes in the first 5-6 days, cabbage should be sprayed from a watering can. Fourth, to avoid burns of cabbage leaves, bushes should be planted in shady places.

Experts say that the right combination of crops in the garden is a guarantee that the harvest will be large. This is related to the fact that various plants(vegetables, berries) can have an adverse effect on their neighbors, for example, taking away nutrients or causing metabolic disorders. It is noteworthy that cabbage, along with cucumbers, tomatoes, pumpkin, celery and onions, takes a lot of nutrients from the ground. Therefore, the question of what to plant cabbage with remains relevant.

To get strong seedlings you need to do proper preparation nutrient soil mixture, and then plant cabbage. To do this, it is advisable to prepare the ground since autumn: mix some turf and humus, add ash to them (one tablespoon for each kilogram of land) and mix the resulting substrate well. The ash will nourish the soil with micro- and macroelements, and will also serve good antiseptic, so that black legs will not appear on the seedlings.

Preparing cabbage seedlings for planting

Broccoli seedlings are grown in almost the same way as white varieties: the seeds are sown in closed ground 35-40 days before the intended planting. The secret of growing this type of garden crop is that it does not like the scorching sun. ​

• Planting of all varieties is carried out at different times: early seedling planted at the end of April, for this they choose a day when it is cloudy outside. If the spring is hot, then gardening is worth after lunch.
• To grow cabbage in a greenhouse, cucumber soil is used, 1 bucket of red clay, 1 glass of wood ash, 1 tablespoon of superphosphate are added per 1 m² of soil. When growing seedlings of white-headed varieties, the seeds are sown in boxes with a loose soil mixture, ideally sod and peat mixture in a ratio of 1: 1, or sod land, peat and humus 2: 2: 1. ​
• You won't be able to straighten it. Therefore, when planting heavily grown seedlings, with a curved stem, you just need to fill the curvature with earth.
• The soil for seedlings of cabbage should be fertile, the area for planting seedlings should be open. It is impossible to grow cabbage in one place for more than 3 years. It is necessary to periodically change the place of planting cabbage.
• You can get a good crop of cabbage, even if you did not have time to sow it for seedlings. Young plants grown up to a certain time at home do not take root well, so those sown immediately in open ground catch up with them in growth and development.
• Since cabbage does not tolerate transplanting well enough, it is best to grow it in peat pots or individual containers. It is necessary to try as accurately as possible to determine the time of planting seedlings in open ground in accordance with the weather. Usually cabbage seedlings are planted at 40 - 60 days of age, when it is already quite strong and developed. But you can land it in more early dates, then it will quickly take root in a new place.

For example, Beijing and Chinese cabbage should be planted directly with seeds immediately in the ground, as the plants do not respond well to transplanting. In addition, their food organ is formed only in early spring or late autumn, that is, when the day is short. Cauliflower seedlings are very capricious and demanding on the quality of the soil: they should be planted in fertile soil saturated with manganese and boron. At the same time, seedlings should have enough moisture and heat. But too high temperatures for cauliflower are harmful, as well as overdried soil.

To grow cabbage, it is important to pay great attention to this process. Immediately after planting, watering should be thorough - every few days for the first two weeks, while at least 7-8 liters of water are needed per square meter. Then watering can be done less frequently - once a week, about 10 liters per square meter of beds. The loosening process also plays an important role. If it has rained, the soil should be loosened to a depth of approximately 8 cm, and loosening should be done every 6 days. Three weeks after planting seedlings in the ground, the first hilling is performed, and after another 10 days - again. During this process, it is important not to touch the base of the head and roots.

Planting cabbage seedlings in open ground

Gardeners also adhere to the following rule when planting seedlings: ideally, the neighborhood of plants with a long root structure and those crops that do not have pronounced roots is good. This planting contributes to the fact that plants do not compete for nutrients and water. You can not plant cabbage next to spinach, because the latter requires frequent watering, and for cabbage enough and moderately dry land.

If you want to get vegetables as early as possible, pay attention to the Polyarnaya, Iyunskaya or Gribovskaya varieties, Nadezhda and Belorusskaya will ripen in August, but the latest varieties are Amager or Moskovskaya . At the same time, do not forget - cabbage for seedlings should be strong and powerful. By the way, it is not necessary to be limited only to white cabbage. For example, kohlrabi is no less tasty and healthy - this variety can be planted in the corner of a greenhouse, and then the bushes can be planted in about 20 days already in the garden.

In the garden before planting, you need to make holes 25 cm deep with a distance of 40-50 cm. After planting, the plants should be well watered, but it is better to do this in the evening, when the sun's rays no longer fall on them.

You should also know at what distance to plant cabbage. The gaps between rows should be at least 50 cm. At the same time, plants should be planted in a row from each other at a distance of 25 cm.​

So that the seedlings can be planted in open ground at the end of April or in mid-May, the seeds should be sown 40 days before the intended planting. Before sowing, they are soaked for half an hour in melted water, in which a spoonful of honey is added to half a liter of liquid.

Caring for planted cabbage seedlings

Planting time depends on the varieties of cabbage. Early varieties are usually planted in April-May. But cabbage seedlings of late varieties are planted in May - until the beginning of June. The land before planting cabbage seedlings must be fertilized with organic fertilizers and dug well. Fertilizers can be applied directly to the hole during planting seedlings.​

Before planting cabbage seedlings in open ground in 2 weeks, you need to prepare:

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How to grow seedlings?

Depending on the region, the timing of planting in open ground is different, so focus solely on the weather. As soon as the positive temperature is established outside, and the threat of night frosts is eliminated, start sowing cabbage in the holes prepared in the fall. Do not forget that the soil must be fertilized, for example, with urea, superphosphate or other organic fertilizer.​

Sow cabbage seeds for seedlings from February to May. The sowing time depends on the variety and the goals that you set for yourself. For example, to obtain an early harvest of cabbage, it must be sown as early as possible, and for harvesting for the winter, the calculation is based on the ripening time of cabbage. late cabbage in any case, it is necessary to sow seedlings at the end of February or in the first decade of March, otherwise it will not have time to ripen. Mid-ripening and mid-late cabbage should be sown in March - early April, early cabbage - from early March to May.

A feature of Brussels sprouts is in a tall stem, on which cabbages are formed in the axils of the leaves - there can be up to 90 of them. The growing season of this vegetable is almost 160 days, so it is planted mainly in seedlings. For seedlings, seeds should be sown on the 20th of April in open nurseries. Seedlings appear already on the 5th day, and therefore at this time they need to be treated with ash or tobacco dust to protect the seedlings from the cruciferous flea.

In order to grow good and strong cabbage, it is important to feed it. So, for starters, we do our best to make vegetables greener and grow faster. To do this, 20 days after planting, you need to start feeding the seedlings. By the way, for the entire time of growth and development of cabbage, top dressing should be performed at least three to four times. For the first time, we create the following solution: we take 10 liters of water and dilute 2 tablespoons in it. fertilizers (for example, the drug "Effekton"). We carry out top dressing at the rate of about half a liter per bush.

If the site has acidic soil, then it should be prepared in the fall. To do this, when digging, add fluffy lime, which can be replaced dolomite flour or powdered chalk. One square meter will require about a glass or two of powder. The bed needs to be dug up in autumn and spring, organic and mineral substances are added to it, and then cabbage is planted. The best way soil fertilizers are scattered, however, it is very costly. Do not forget that cabbage is very sensitive to organic fertilizers contained in the earth. However, you can’t do without them, so it’s worth fertilizing the soil correctly.

Growing cabbage seeds is also a long process. Its success depends on how high-quality planting material is selected. In the event that you come across improperly stored or counterfeit seeds, you should not wait for the harvest. That is why even before planting seeds, you should check them for germination. To do this, they can be wrapped in damp cloth, then leave for 5 days. After that, the seeds are placed in cold water and soaked in a solution of nitrophoska and water.

If you ask experienced gardeners how to plant broccoli, they will certainly give valuable advice on sunny days to cover plants with buckets or spruce branches, this is especially necessary in the early stages of the growth of garden crops.

Soil preparation

Later varieties are planted from mid-May to June. For them, the gaps between rows should be 50-55 cm, in a row between plants - 30-35 cm. When planting seedlings, it should be buried in the ground by the first full leaf. ​

After the specified time, the seeds are dried and, in order to prevent the development of diseases of the future plant, they are crushed with powder from the biologics gamarin and alirin. ​

The wells must be well watered before planting.

Take out the seedlings to the balcony during the day.

Before sowing, dry seeds must be immersed in hot water (50 ° C) for five minutes. After 1 minute in the cold. To facilitate the sowing process, slightly dry the seeds by spreading them on gauze.

Cabbage seedlings grow best in sunny greenhouses, sown at the optimum time. At night, the temperature there is low (but not below zero!), And during the day it corresponds to optimal mode cabbage growth. Therefore, seedlings grow strong, healthy and prepared for outdoor cultivation.​

Planting Chinese cabbage

These varieties of cabbage are not sown so often, but there are still enough lovers of them. Broccoli has a loose head, colored from green to purple. This variety is less demanding compared to cauliflower. However, seeds should be prepared before planting. To do this, they are placed in hot water for 15 minutes, then in cold water for a minute, and then for 12 hours in a solution of trace elements. After that, the seeds must be washed and dried. A plot for broccoli should be prepared in the fall by adding lime to the ground. But fertilizers should be applied under the cabbage itself in the spring: it can be organic substances, superphosphate, wood ash or urea.

After 10 days after the first feeding, the second time comes. To do this, again, in 10 liters of water, we dilute half a liter of mullein or chicken manure, where we add a tablespoon of Kemir fertilizer. For one plant, we need about a liter of solution. These two top dressings are needed when planting both early and late varieties of cabbage.

So, manure should be added to poorly cultivated soil - depending on the type of land. In the spring, you can fertilize the land with compost or manure humus at the rate of 3-4 kg per square meter of land. If there is little fertilizer, you can apply them immediately when planting in each hole, where you can then plant seedlings.

How to plant cauliflower

To achieve cold hardiness of seeds, you need to place them in the refrigerator and store at a temperature of -1 degrees. Many are interested in when to plant cabbage for seedlings. It is worth noting that the terms here are different - it depends on the variety. For example, early varieties can be planted as early as March 15, and mid-late varieties from April 10. Seeds are planted in a soil mixture that is prepared in advance. You need to add 2 tbsp to the ground. wood ash and a spoonful of superphosphate. Then the soil is poured into a box, grooves are made in it 1 cm deep at a distance of 10 cm from each other. The seeds are lightly covered, after which the earth needs to be watered. After the seedlings develop well - the stem will be 5 mm thick, at least 5 leaves will appear on it - we plant the cabbage in open ground.

Gardeners for growing broccoli choose varieties such as:

Beijing cabbage - relatively new vegetable for our regions, but it is not difficult to grow it. Having chosen Beijing cabbage for cultivation, seeds should be sown in closed ground in April, and planted in beds in June.

Planting broccoli

Until the seedlings come down, the temperature regime should not fall below 20 degrees, for this you can additionally cover the seedlings with a film. With the advent of the first seedlings, you should lower the temperature to 10 degrees and try to give the plant maximum sun. Until the seedlings are purchased the right sizes, the aisles need to be loosened and the soil treated with wood ash.

Cloudy days are good for planting cabbage seedlings. On hot days, disembarkation should be carried out in the afternoon. Seedlings should be buried in the ground to a depth of the first leaves, at a distance of 40-50 cm from each other. Cabbage is usually planted in rows. The distance between rows should be more than 60cm. Weak seedlings are not planted. You can plant several bushes in the hole. After engraftment, weak bushes are removed.

Spray the seedling leaves with potassium sulfate or urea solution.

If you have loose soil, put paper towels on the bottom of the hole - they will prevent the seeds from deepening after watering, which will reduce the time of cabbage shoots. Keep in mind that it is undesirable to sow deeper than 1 cm.

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Early cabbage is planted at a distance of 50x50 cm, medium - 60x60 cm and late - 70x70 cm. After planting the seedlings in the ground, it must be protected from the cruciferous flea. To do this, there is the easiest way: sprinkle the planted cabbage with dry ash, which is obtained from tree species. If it rains, then sprinkle once a day. To avoid diseases of seedlings, it is necessary to water it with a pink solution of potassium permanganate, and loosen the ground every time after watering the next day. For good growth, cabbage needs oxygen to the roots and moisture. But cabbage does not tolerate excess moisture and lack of moisture. Therefore, the land on which cabbage is grown should not be too fertilized and loose on the one hand, and not too dense and poor on the other.

To grow an environmentally friendly and rich crop, you need to know when and how to plant cabbage in open ground. Culture varieties are different different terms ripening, this means that compliance with the conditions and rules for planting in open ground is a necessary measure for a good result.

Cabbage is cultivated in two ways - seeds and seedlings. The first method keeps the tap root intact, which reaches 2 m in length without transplants, drawing moisture from the depth of the soil. Depending on the purpose of the variety, climatic conditions choose the sowing period and the method of cultivation.

seedless method

Boarding times:

• early varieties are sown from the last decade of April to mid-May;
• mid-early cabbage is sown at the end of May, the first decade of June;
• late varieties are sown from mid to late May.

In the southern regions, the Rostov region and the Krasnodar Territory, they practice sowing seeds in open ground after March 1, as soon as the earth warms up. Early varieties give a harvest at the end of June. In the Saratov and Voronezh regions, cabbage is sown in April. In regions of temperate and northern climates, cabbage is grown from seeds only in protected ground, under a film.

Seedling

The optimal conditions for growing seedlings are a greenhouse or greenhouse. In the apartment, the seedlings are strongly drawn out, the sprouts need coolness.

• early cabbage is sown in early or first half of March;
• mid-early varieties are sown from mid-March to mid-April;
• late cabbage is sown in early April.

Focusing on the ripening period, select the sowing dates. Early varieties ripen in 2-3 months, medium - 3-5 months, late - 5-7 months. Do not allow overexposure on the ridges, this leads to cracking of heads of cabbage. The crop is harvested in a timely manner, the summer crop is processed, the autumn crop is stored.

In areas that are at the same latitude as Moscow, Chelyabinsk, Ufa, it is recommended to grow cabbage in unprotected soil from seedlings, since spring frosts capable of killing emerging shoots. In regions of a cold climate with a short summer, only seedlings are used for growing crops in open ground.

How to plant seeds?

Before planting, the seeds are disinfected in a weak solution of potassium permanganate, heated in hot water (45-50 ° C). A spoonful of aloe juice or honey is added to the water as a growth stimulant. Then the seed is dried.

The seeds are buried in a container with soil by 0.7 cm, in rows at a distance of 3-4 cm. The box is covered with a film from above, creating greenhouse conditions, support +18-20°С. After 4-5 days, sprouts appear, they are placed in the most illuminated place, the film is removed. Seedlings need daylight hours at 14-16 hours, so additional lighting is turned on in the evenings.

To grow cabbage without transplants in open ground, several seeds are planted in each hole to a depth of 1 cm. The plants are thinned out further, leaving the strongest copy in each hole.

seedling care

With the advent of sprouts, the temperature regime is reduced to + 10 ° C. The temperature is increased to + 18 ° C in a week, when the first true leaves appear. Water as the top layer of the earth dries up, do not allow waterlogging, provide ventilation to prevent the "black leg".

Two weeks after germination, the seedlings swoop down, planted in separate containers 8 x 8 cm in size. They are transferred to open ground at the age of 40-60 days, when the plant reaches 13-15 cm, 4-6 leaves are formed on it.

Seedlings are fed with mineral fertilizers twice - when the first true leaf appears and two weeks before transplanting to the site. Use a solution for irrigation: for 10 liters of water 15 g of urea, 30 g of potassium chloride, 30 g of superphosphate.

Landing in open ground

Seedlings are transplanted into beds when the soil warms up to + 8, + 10 ° C. Do not be afraid of the influence of small frosts. Cabbage is hardened before planting in open ground. To do this, reduce watering to 1 time in 2 days, put cups with plants for 3-4 hours outside daily. Properly grown seedlings are frost-resistant, a sudden drop in temperature at night to -5 ° C is not scary for them.

Location selection

Cabbage loves water, so a lowland in which moisture accumulates is suitable for the beds. The site is chosen illuminated, with constant access to sunlight. Every 3 years, the culture is changed in the garden; soil is useful for cabbage after onions, carrots, garlic, cucumbers.

Land for planting is prepared in the fall, dug up in September, weeds are removed, humus is added - 3-4 kg per 1 sq. m. The soil is preferably loamy, with humus content, which retains water well. Acidic soils are lime, add 1-2 cups of chalk per 1 sq. m. In the spring, the site is dug up again, the lumps are carefully broken, leveled with a rake.

Timing

Two weeks before transshipment into the ground, seedlings are fed with potassium, which increases frost resistance. In 1 liter of water, dissolve 4-6 g of potassium sulfate, water the cabbage.

Early varieties are planted in open soil from April 25 to May 5, mid-ripening and late - in late May - early June. The procedure is carried out on a cloudy day in the morning or in the evening so that the seedlings do not suffer from sunburn.

Landing

Before planting, the soil is fertilized, 1 tsp is added. urea and 1 glass of wood ash per 1 sq. m. Between rows for early cabbage, a distance of 40-50 cm is observed, between plants - 25 cm is enough.

For late crops, row spacing is observed - 50-55 cm, seedlings are planted 30-35 cm apart.

Instruction:

1. Each well is thoroughly moistened - pour in at least 1 liter of water. With a lack of fertilizers, a pinch of nitrophoska, a tablespoon of wood ash, 0.5 kg of manure are mixed into the soil of the pit.
2. The cabbage root is taken out with a clod of earth, they try not to damage it, plant it directly in the mud, sprinkle it with a layer of dry earth on top.
3. Overgrown seedlings are buried to the first true leaf.
4. Compact the soil around the stem.
5. Water the bed - 3-5 liters of water per 1 sq. m.
6. Shade with covering material, old newspapers for several days from direct sunlight.
7. On the second day, the soil around the seedlings is sprinkled with tobacco dust to scare away the cabbage fly, at a distance of 5-6 cm from the trunk.
8. The first days are spent spraying the plants with water for better adaptation.

Outdoor care

The cruciferous family has many pests, systematic measures to combat them are necessary throughout the growing season. Since a wax coating forms on cabbage leaves, liquid laundry soap is added to the solution with protective preparations for better adhesion.

cause the death of the whole plant

Pre-treatment of the soil with a solution of Bordeaux liquid 1% will eliminate the infection of cabbage with fusarium and clubroot. The treatment of seed material with disinfectant solutions will protect from rot.

Watering

Abundant irrigation of the soil is abstained for the first time after planting cabbage in open ground. Excessive humidity provokes putrefactive diseases. The frequency of watering in the future depends on natural conditions and soil quality, 2-3 weeks before the expected harvest, stop watering.

In the rainy season, heavy loamy soils are watered 3-4 times per season. For light fertile lands, the amount is increased up to 6 times, the hot and dry period is an occasion for more frequent soil moisture, especially during the setting and intensive growth of heads of late-ripening and medium-ripening varieties.

Hilling

The crust formed on the surface of the earth after rains and irrigation is loosened to a shallow depth, providing free access of oxygen to the roots. Remove weeds at the same time.

To enhance the development of the root system, they rake the soil to the stem around each seedling with a diameter of 25 cm, stimulate the growth of new roots. Seedlings are treated 7-10 days after planting in open ground to ensure the stability of the trunk. Repeated hilling is done in 2-3 weeks, in this way they also take away excess moisture in wet lowlands.

top dressing

Early varieties are fertilized 1-2 times per season, medium and late - 3-4 times. nitrogen fertilizers applied no later than one month before harvest.

At the beginning of the growing season, more nitrogen substances are applied. The first time superphosphate is used - 20 g, 10 g of urea, potassium chloride 15 g per 1 sq. m. It is convenient to dissolve in a bucket of water and pour into the grooves made in the soil at a distance of 10-12 cm from the row of seedlings.

The second time they feed when the cabbage ties heads. They are brought into the aisles per 1 sq. m. potassium chloride 15-20 g, 10 g of urea, 20-30 g of superphosphate. The dose of potassium is increased for subsequent dressings of late-ripening varieties. Consider that the disadvantage sunlight stimulates excessive accumulation of nitrates.