Growing pepper requires care and attention. But if you prepare strong and healthy seedlings, properly care for them, then the result will be an ideal harvest of large and juicy vegetables.

Seed preparation

Bulgarian pepper: cultivation and care in the open field

Proper care of pepper open field includes careful preparation. You will need tools and tools for watering, weeding, fertilizing and warming from frost.

Terms of planting pepper in open ground

For planting, it is necessary to wait for warm weather so that the soil warms up.

• in the south of Russia and middle lane- at the end of May or beginning of June.
• For the northern regions, this time comes by mid-June, when the threat has passed. return frosts.

Hardening seedlings before planting

In order for the cultivation of pepper in the open field to be successful, the seedlings must be hardened 14 days before planting.

• Within a few days, open the window for 1-2 hours, if the weather is warm.
• Having built a sun shield from plywood sheets, hardening is carried out on a balcony or veranda for a week.
• If the night air temperature is not lower than 14 degrees. Celsius, then it is no longer brought into the room.

Site selection and soil preparation for growing peppers

Select the area where you plan to grow peppers. It should be protected from strong drafts and well lit. The bed must be pre-treated:

• In autumn, the soil is carefully dug up and loosened, after which complex potash and phosphorus fertilizers are applied (50 g per 1 sq.m.)
• In the spring on the site in upper layer soil is introduced 40 g of ammonium nitrate for each square meter.
• Five days before planting seedlings, the soil is disinfected with a solution blue vitriol(1 tablespoon per bucket of water).

If you are using different varieties, growing peppers in open ground is best done at a remote distance from each other, since the culture tends to pollinate. You can distinguish varieties by planting tall plants - corn, tomatoes or sunflowers.

The procedure for planting pepper seedlings in open ground

Pepper does not tolerate cold soil, so it is better to raise the height of the beds by 20-50 cm.

• Pepper seedlings are watered to take them out of the containers with the root, they are planted in the morning or in the evening when the sun is not too active.
• Planted vertically according to the scheme 40x40 cm.
• Peppers are sprinkled with earth, the area around it is slightly compacted and watered well. warm water.
• The leaves of young plants break easily, so put a peg on each and tie it up.
• To ensure oxygen access, loosen the earth around the plant.
• Cover the ridge with a film, pulling it over pre-installed arcuate rods. After rooting, remove the film.

Build protection from the cold for peppers with available improvised materials by building a tent from roofing material, boards or cardboard. From above it can be covered with burlap or agrofibre.

Pinching peppers outdoors

For the proper formation of the bush and the good development of the fruit, pinching is carried out every 10 days. When the plant reaches a height of 25 cm, cut off its top. As a result, the stem will give a lot of shoots, they must be partially removed, leaving 5-6 top ones. They will serve to form the crop. Pasynkovanie carried out in hot, but not dry weather.

To attract insects to your area that will pollinate the pepper during flowering, spray it with a special sugar syrup. It is prepared as follows: in a liter of hot water dissolve half a glass of sugar and 2 grams. boric acid.

Watering peppers outdoors

Growing bell peppers in open ground does not require abundant watering. The first time it is watered during planting, the second - after 5 days, then - once a week. For watering one plant, 1-1.5 liters is enough. But as you grow older, the rate can be doubled.

When the pepper begins to bloom, water it only with warm water (20-22 degrees Celsius). Watering is stopped 2 weeks before the vegetables are completely harvested. After each watering or rain, the soil must be loosened.

To reduce the number of waterings and better retain moisture at the roots of plants, mulch the peppers with a 10-centimeter layer of overripe straw.

Top dressing of pepper in the open field

Pepper care after planting in the ground necessarily includes three top dressings per season.

1. The first is carried out after two weeks. Nitrogen fertilizers are necessary for good growth. To do this, dilute a tablespoon of superphosphate and urea in a bucket of water. You can mix urea (1 teaspoon) in the same volume of water. Pour 1 liter of this composition under each plant.
2. The next top dressing is done during flowering. Since potassium is needed to set fruits, use wood ash. Feed again with urea, as in the first feeding.
3. The last time pepper is fed with the appearance of the first fruits. To do this, dilute potassium salt and superphosphate (2 teaspoons each) in 10 liters of water.

Watch the pepper grow, it may need additional feeding. It can be foliar, since the plant can receive the necessary substances not only through the roots, but also through the leaves.

Pepper growing problems and solutions

• If the leaves turn yellow, then they lack nitrogen. To provide this substance, spray with a solution of urea in water in the ratio: 1 tablespoon per bucket of water.
• If the pepper loses its ovaries, then prepare a solution of boric acid: a teaspoon in a bucket of water.
• In case of poor fruit formation, feed with superphosphate or ash: a teaspoon per 5 liters of water.

Foliar top dressing is carried out exclusively in the morning or evening, otherwise the leaves may burn out in the scorching sun. In this case, the weather should be calm. good effect the development of peppers is provided by top dressing with yeast.

Pepper yeast recipe

For cooking, you need 100 grams of fresh yeast. They are soaked in 0.5 liters of water for a day. Before use, add 5 liters of water to the solution.

Fertilizer recipe for dry yeast peppers

Dissolve one package of dry yeast in a bucket of water, add 2 tablespoons of sugar, leave for 2 hours to activate the fermentation process. Dilute the infusion with water at the rate of 0.5 liters per 10 liters of water.

Apply this dressing only to sufficiently warmed soil. It can be applied no more than twice per season. After fertilizing with yeast, be sure to add wood ash.

Pepper protection from diseases and pests in the open field

• To protect peppers from major pepper pests, dust them three times in a season. wood ash. This should be done early in the morning when there is still dew on the plant.
• To prevent damage by a bear, 1 hour before planting the pepper, fill the wells with onion water (0.5 kg of onion peel insist on 10 liters of water for three days).
• If during the growing season you find an aphid infestation, treat with a solution of 1.5 liters of whey in a bucket of water. After spraying, crush with ash.

Harvest dates for outdoor peppers

• The fruits are harvested when they have acquired the size and color corresponding to ripening. Since these vegetables are fragile, it is better to cut them with a stalk.
• The first harvest appears by mid-August, then it is harvested every week until frost.

To prepare seeds for next year, choose a few large fruits. Do not remove them until the end of the summer, allowing them to fully mature. Cut and wrap in paper until dry. Cut and collect the seeds. Their varietal characteristics can persist for three years if cross-pollination does not occur.

Sweet pepper: cultivation and care in a greenhouse

Since pepper is a very heat-loving crop, its cultivation in open ground most often begins with seedlings. When sowing pepper seeds into the ground, they are carefully processed and well hardened. That is why many gardeners prefer growing bell peppers in a greenhouse, where you can create ideal conditions growth.

For planting seedlings or sowing seeds, glass, film greenhouses or greenhouses are used. It is also now widely practiced to grow peppers in a polycarbonate greenhouse.

The technology of planting bell pepper in a greenhouse

Peppers are planted in a greenhouse in early April. It can be sown from seeds, but for better yields, use 2-month-old seedlings 20-25 cm high, which already have 6 to 10 leaves.

• Ridges are prepared in the greenhouse at a distance of half a meter from one another.
• Holes are made in them, corresponding to the size of the container in which the seedlings grew.
• A solution of manure or chicken manure is poured into the pits. To prepare it, half a liter of manure or a glass of litter is dissolved in a bucket of warm water (about +50 C).
• Pour 1 liter into each well.
• Pepper seedlings are watered to take it out of the container with the root.
• After that, pepper is planted in prepared holes and tied to pegs.

Peppers in a greenhouse cultivation and care

The main care for peppers in the greenhouse is to observe the optimal temperature regime, water, regularly feed, weed and loosen.

• The greenhouse must be ventilated, and in the heat - shaded.
• Peppers are watered every 2-3 days, 1-2 liters of water are poured under the root of each plant.
• Growing peppers in a greenhouse involves maintaining the optimum temperature. During the day it should be at the level of 20-27°С, at night - 15°С. After the onset of fruiting, it can be reduced by a couple of degrees.
• Bushes spud when the soil is still wet. After the soil dries out, it is necessary to loosen the aisles.

Caring for peppers in a polycarbonate greenhouse does not differ from the rules for caring for a conventional greenhouse.

How to properly feed peppers in a greenhouse

Growing peppers in a greenhouse is not possible without sufficient nutrients. For top dressing, urea is used in a similar proportion. But it is better to use a solution of bird droppings in water in a ratio of 1 to 15. They are watered with 1 liter of each sprout. Before top dressing, pepper care includes sprinkling with wood ash.

• The first feeding is carried out two weeks after planting in the greenhouse.
• The second - at the ovary of fruit.
• The third is before harvest.

The composition of fertilizers can be the same for each of the procedures, if the plant does not show signs of a lack of any trace elements.

Outcome

Bulgarian pepper, the cultivation and care of which we examined, will delight you with an excellent harvest, subject to agrotechnical rules. Follow the recommendations, carry out timely watering and fertilization and you will not have any problems with this crop.

Growing sweet peppers in the photo

Of the variety of types of pepper in the culture, the most common pepper is annual, or capsicum. It is to this species that the so-called sweet (or Bulgarian) pepper, widely known and popular among amateur gardeners, belongs.

There are two groups of varieties of pepper - vegetable and spicy (hot). In the former, the fruits are used in an unripe form as a vegetable, in the latter they are very sharp and are used as a spice.

Pepper fruits are very different in shape - from round to elongated-cone-shaped with a two-, four-chamber middle. AT technical maturity(before the seeds ripen) the color of the fruit, depending on the variety, is dark green, green, light green, cream, yellow. When the seeds ripen, the fruit turns red, in some varieties - orange.

The birthplace of pepper is the tropics, so it is distinguished by increased requirements for heat, humidity, soil fertility; is, along with cucumbers and tomatoes, productive greenhouse culture.

AT southern regions grows and gives good harvest in open ground. In the central (middle) lane it is grown in glass greenhouses.

Pepper belongs to the nightshade family, like tomatoes and eggplant. Therefore, the cultivation of pepper and other solanaceous crops is largely the same. The best predecessor in the garden bed can be cabbage, beets, carrots, radishes, radishes, cucumbers, onions, garlic and green crops.

The fruits become edible 25-45 days after flowering, at which time they are green or white in color.

Ripe green fruits are considered ripe. It makes no sense to wait until they turn red - their taste will not improve from this.

Pepper - photophilous plant, grows poorly in the shade. Optimum temperature for development and fruiting +18...+25°С. At +15...+20°С plant growth slows down, and at +13°С it stops. Prolonged cooling negatively affects flowering and the formation of generative organs. Sharp diurnal temperature fluctuations cause a massive fall of flowers and ovaries.

The culture does not tolerate even short-term frosts. Plants die when the air temperature drops to -0.5°C. Therefore, it is necessary to create optimal conditions for growing peppers.

solar, warm days peppers are needed during the fruiting period. It does not tolerate high humidity either. At a temperature of +35 ° C, the buds and flowers fall off.

Pepper plants grow slowly at the beginning of the growing season, the root system grows longer than the leaf mass. Flower buds begin to form on the plant when the fourth leaf is unfolded. The ripening phase occurs 15-45 days after the appearance of the first bud.

According to the technology of growing pepper in the open field, the plants do not stepchild, only the first bud is removed. Fruits are formed in the places of branching of the stems, so well-developed plants with a large number branches tend to produce more fruit.

When caring for peppers in the open field, regular watering under the root is required. Optimal Humidity soil enhances fruit formation, promotes the release quality products. With a lack of moisture, the fruits become smaller, deformed, they are often affected by vertex rot.

The correct technology for growing pepper does not allow mixed landings sweet and bitter species, because cross-pollination will occur, and appearance sweet forms will taste bitter.

The growing season of the culture is long (150-200 days). Therefore, even in the southern regions, the cultivation and care of pepper is done through seedlings. To grow seedlings for open ground start in the second half of February. Sow in boxes or bowls with drainage holes.

The sowing depth when planting pepper seeds for seedlings is 1.5-2 cm. Until the seeds germinate, the crops are kept at a temperature of +25...+28 °C. After the appearance of mass seedlings, the crops are transferred to a cool room (+17 ... + 20 ° C) for a week so that the seedlings do not stretch. In the future, seedlings grow at room temperature+20...+24°С.

Seedlings of bell pepper in the photo

Seedlings dive in about 20 days into pots 7 x 7 cm, one plant at a time. Weak seedlings are discarded. The pots are filled with nutrient soil. Mineral fertilizers are not added to the soil when growing seedlings. After planting seeds for seedlings for growing peppers with a small volume of pots, plants do not need fertilizers. In the garden bed they are brought into the hole.

When growing pepper seedlings from seeds, seedlings are looked after in much the same way as tomato seedlings. But given that peppers begin to be grown a month earlier, it is necessary to lengthen the daylight hours with the help of illumination up to 12-14 hours.

Watch the video "Planting Pepper Seeds" to better understand how this agricultural technique is performed:

How to grow a good crop of peppers outdoors

• Do not use seeds purchased from a random source for sowing. The basis for obtaining high-quality seedlings, and therefore a good harvest, is high-quality seeds. Purchase seeds in specialized stores. The seed packet should be clearly labeled with the variety, number of seeds and expiration date.
• Do not sow seeds in a dense, heavy potting mix of unknown origin. The best mix is ​​garden soil plus store-bought special seedling soil. Remember to water the soil in the boxes first before sowing the seeds, otherwise the seeds with water will be pulled deep into the soil and the germination period will be extended.
• Do not thicken seed crops; always sow the norm, otherwise the plants will stretch out, be weak, and may be affected by the "black leg".
• Do not place containers with seeds on the radiator - the soil dries up instantly and the hatched seeds die. Crops are placed only next to the battery and must be covered with a film.
• Do not use pots or other containers without drainage holes for sowing. Stagnation of water leads to the death of seeds, as well as seedlings in initial stage seedlings.
• Do not be late with picking seedlings. For most vegetable crops, this should be done after one or two true leaves have appeared. After picking, the plants are watered and shaded for 1-2 days.
• Don't forget to harden off seedlings before planting. permanent place. 7-10 days before planting, containers with seedlings are taken out for 2-3 hours on loggias, verandas, windows in the room are opened. The time the seedlings are in the open air is gradually increased. Seedlings are planted in the evening or on cloudy days.

The video "Growing pepper seedlings" shows how to properly plant seeds and care for seedlings:

Planting seedlings of sweet pepper in open ground

Pepper seedlings are planted in open ground at the age of 55-60 days. By the time of planting, it should be strong, have a height of 16-20 cm, 8-10 developed leaves, buds and form a well-developed root.

Seedlings are planted in double rows (ribbons) with distances between tapes of 60 cm, between rows of 30 cm and between plants of 20 cm. Wide aisles are made for passage during harvesting and caring for plants, and in narrow ones, furrows are made for irrigation.

Low-growing varieties of this crop can be planted thicker, tall ones - give more distance. The main thing is that adult plants should close in crowns.

When planting in open ground, pepper seedlings are not buried, since additional roots are not formed above the root neck on the stem, like in eggplant. Buried plants grow poorly and do not give a good harvest. For the same reason, growing peppers never spud.

Proper care of sweet peppers in the open field: watering and fertilizing

When caring for peppers, top dressing and regular watering are necessary.

Watering. With early age and during the entire growing season, pepper needs frequent watering and obligatory loosening of the soil after each watering or rain.

Excess moisture, as well as its lack, are contraindicated in pepper. Excessive watering reduces air access to the roots, the leaves turn pale green and the plants wither.

Insufficient watering of sweet pepper inhibits plant growth, leads to the dropping of flowers, ovaries and the formation of small fruits. The frequency of watering depends on weather conditions and phases of plant development, but generally at least 1-2 times a week.

Proper watering of pepper is carried out only with warm water. From wells and wells, water for irrigation should be preheated in the sun in containers for 2-3 days.

Fertilizer and top dressing. Peppers need fertile soil. It successfully grows on light loamy and chernozem soils, well supplied with nutrients, including nitrogen. Solonetzic and heavy loamy soils are not suitable for pepper.

Peppers, like tomatoes, need phosphorus. He needs both organic fertilizers and mineral fertilizers. To feed peppers in the open field, when planting seedlings, a tablespoon of superphosphate mixed with humus or simply with earth is added to each well.

During the period of budding, flowering and fruiting, fertilizing is given every two weeks with complex water-soluble fertilizers (Sudarushka, Agrolux, Aquarin, Mortar or Zdraven, etc.). They are alternated with organic fertilizers.

In the second half of summer and autumn, sweet peppers are fed by Kaliyfos.

Harvesting is carried out selectively when the fruits reach consumer (technical) maturity (green). Collection - weekly, preventing the formation of seeds in them, as this will slow down the emergence of new ovaries. Remove the fruits carefully with both hands, so as not to break off the plant shoots along with the pepper.

The video "Growing Peppers" demonstrates how to properly water the crop:

In this section of the article, you will learn about pests and diseases of pepper, as well as measures to combat them in the garden.

Stolbur (small-leaved) pepper leaves in the photo

Stolbur (small-leaved) - viral disease manifested by chlorotic coloration of leaves, internodes are shortened. Then the leaves wither, hang down and fall off. Stolbur is not tolerated either with the juice of a diseased plant or with seeds. The main carrier of the disease is the cicada.

Planting high-quality seedlings in the ground, systematic watering followed by soil loosening, weed control are the basis for the prevention of this disease.

Top rot of peppers in the photo

Blossom rot- a disease of a physiological nature. It manifests itself when high temperature and low relative humidity air.

Regular even watering. root and foliar top dressing calcium nitrate, as well as superphosphate during the period of intensive fruit growth allows you to get a full harvest.

Black bacterial spot of pepper. Not only fruits are affected, but also leaves and stems. On the leaves, the spots are small, at first watery, and then blackening, the tissue around the spots turns yellow. The disease is carried with seeds and plant debris. Preventive spraying with the copper-containing preparation "Abiga-Peak", starting from seedlings, allows you to get healthy pepper fruits.

During the harvest period, to contain the spread of the disease, use the biological preparation "Gamair", which has a therapeutic effect.

Fusarium wilt. Symptoms first appear as slight yellowing of the leaves and wilting of the upper leaves. As wilting progresses, the leaves may turn dull green to brown and remain on the plant. When the stem or roots are cut, reddish-brown stripes are visible in the conductive tissues. Sick plants must be removed.

Look at the selection of photos "Diseases of pepper and measures to combat them":

Spider mite on pepper in the photo
Spider mite in the photo

Spider mite. AT steppe zone Pepper plants are often infested with spider mites. When a pest appears, treat the plants with Iskra-M or Fufanon. If the harvest is on the way, use Tuoeum Jet, colloidal sulfur or Bitoxibacillin.

Aphids on pepper (photo)
Aphids in the photo

Aphid. This pest can also create problems when growing a crop. To fight, use Iskra Zolotaya or Konfidor, Komandor with a waiting period of at least 20 days. During the harvest period - "Fitoverm", "Iskra Bio", "Akarin" (waiting period 2-3 days).

Here you can see photos of diseases and pests that threaten the crop:

Spider mite on sweet pepper leaves (photo)
Aphids on sweet pepper leaves (photo)

The best varieties of sweet pepper for open ground: photo and description

Traditional varieties of sweet pepper combine excellent fruit set, large fruit and excellent taste. They differ in ripening time, fruit color, their weight is up to 200 g, with a fleshy, juicy wall. Characterized by a friendly return of the harvest.

These varieties include:

Pepper seeds "Gift of Moldova" in the photo
Pepper "Gift of Moldova" in the photo

"Gift of Moldova",

Pepper seeds "Swallow" in the photo
Pepper "Swallow" in the photo

"Martin",

Pepper seeds "Belozerka" in the photo
Pepper "Belozerka" in the photo

Belozerka,

Pepper seeds "Winnie the Pooh" in the photo
Pepper "Winnie the Pooh" in the photo

"Winnie the Pooh",

Pepper seeds "Venti" in the photo
Pepper "Venti" in the photo

"Venti"

Pepper seeds "Caramel" in the photo
Pepper "Caramel" in the photo

"Caramel",

Pepper seeds "Golden Jubilee" in the photo
Pepper "Golden Jubilee" in the photo

"Golden Jubilee"

Pepper seeds "Yaroslav" in the photo
Pepper "Yaroslav" in the photo

"Yaroslav",

Pepper seeds "Alyosha Popovich" in the photo
Pepper "Alyosha Popovich" in the photo

"Alesha Popovich".

Early ripe hybrids of sweet pepper.

Pepper seeds "Latino" F1 in the photo
Pepper "Latino" F1 in the photo

Latino F1- from shoots to technical ripeness of fruits 97-110 days. Plants up to 100 cm high. The fruits of this variety of pepper for open ground are cube-shaped, 3-4-chambered. In technical ripeness it is dark green, in biological ripeness it is bright red.

Pepper seeds "Peresvet" F1 in the photo
Pepper "Peresvet" F1 in the photo

"Peresvet" F1- from seedlings to technical ripeness 92-105 days, to biological - 120-135. The plant is medium-sized, 50-60 cm high, compact, standard.

Pepper seeds "Sonata" F1 in the photo
Pepper "Sonata" F1 in the photo

"Sonata" F1- from germination to technical maturity 95-100 days. The plant is up to 100 cm high. The fruit is cuboid, 3-4-celled, glossy, dark green in technical ripeness, bright red in biological ripeness, weighing 180-200 g.

Pepper seeds "Orange miracle" F1 in the photo
Pepper "Orange miracle" F1 in the photo

"Orange Miracle" F1. Hybrid for open and protected ground (100-110 days) Plants 90-110 cm high. Fruits are large, cube-shaped, bright orange color.

Seeds of pepper "Jubilee Semko" F1 in the photo
Pepper "Anniversary Semko" F1 in the photo

"Jubilee Semko" F1- hybrid for open and protected ground (90-100 days). The plant is standard, medium-sized, 50-60 cm high, compact, slightly sprawling and slightly leafy. The fruits are light green in technical ripeness and red in biological.

Pepper seeds "Montero" F1 in the photo
Pepper "Montero" F1 in the photo

"Montero" F1- 90-108 days pass from germination to technical ripeness of fruits. The fruits are long, prism-shaped, green in technical ripeness, bright red in biological ripeness.

Pepper seeds "Snowfall" F1 in the photo
Pepper "Snowfall" F1 in the photo

"Snowfall" F1- cone-shaped fruits, up to 15 cm long, creamy white at the technical stage, red at the biological stage.

High yields give and hybrids

Pepper seeds "Grenada" in the photo
Pepper "Grenada" in the photo

"Grenada",

Pepper seeds "Seville" in the photo
Pepper "Seville" in the photo

"Seville"

Pepper seeds "Casablanca" in the photo
Pepper "Casablanca" in the photo

Seeds of pepper "United" in the photo
Pepper "United" in the photo

"Single" with large fruits cuboid shape.

Seeds of a mixture of pepper hybrids "Siesta" in the photo
Peppers hybrids "Siesta" in the photo

Among the best varieties of pepper, a special mixture of Siesta hybrids is distinguished.

Hybrids of sweet pepper of the original color:

Pepper seeds "Cardinal" F1 in the photo
Pepper "Cardinal" F1 in the photo

"Cardinal" F1 with major purple cube-shaped fruits.

Pepper seeds "Aries" F1 in the photo
Pepper "Aries" F1 in the photo

Aries F1- with large dark red fruits weighing up to 300 g, prism-shaped.

Pepper seeds "Fidelio" F1 in the photo
Pepper "Fidelio" F1 in the photo

Fidelio F1- with silvery-white fruits.

Large-fruited sweet pepper hybrids include:

Pepper seeds "Russian size" F1 in the photo
Pepper "Russian size" F1 in the photo

"Russian size" F1. Without much additional effort, giants grow over 20 cm long.

Pepper seeds "Yellow bull-NK" F1 in the photo
Pepper "Yellow Bull-NK" F1 in the photo

"Yellow Bull-NK" F1- fruits of an elongated shape, large, up to 200 g, 9x20 cm in size, consist of 3-4 lobes, green, yellow when ripe.

Pepper seeds "Red bull-NK" F1 in the photo
Pepper "Red Bull-NK" F1 in the photo

"Red Bull-NK" F1- fruits are large, weighing up to 200 g, elongated shape 8 x 20 cm, consist of 3-4 lobes, light green, red when ripe.

Bell pepper"Black bull-NK" F1 in the photo
Pepper "Black bull-NK" F1 in the photo

"Black Bull-NK" F1- Differs in defiant brilliant black color. Fruits weighing up to 400 g.

Pepper seeds "Indalo" F1 in the photo
Pepper "Indalo" F1 in the photo

Indalo F1- mid-season hybrid. From shoots to technical ripeness of fruits 110-120 days. Plants 110-120 cm high. This is one of the best varieties of sweet pepper with large cube-shaped fruits, beautiful bright yellow, weighing 280-300 g. Wall thickness up to 10 mm.

Pepper seeds "Flamenco" F1 in the photo
Pepper "Flamenco" F1 in the photo

Flamenco F1- early maturing, high-yielding. The variety has cuboid thick-walled fruits measuring 10 x 14 cm, consisting of 3-4 lobes. The fruits are light green in color, when ripe, it acquires an intensely bright red color. The grade is suitable for various types of the closed and open ground.

The following hybrids deserve attention: Minotaur F1, Sevilla F1, Athena F1, Flamenco F1.

look the best varieties pepper in the photo below:

Pepper variety "Seville" F1
Pepper variety "Flamenco" F1

Uses of sweet pepper

According to the content of vitamin C, sweet pepper ranks first among vegetable crops. Its fruits in technical ripeness contain 100-150 mg% of vitamin C per 100 g of fresh weight, and in biological - 250-480 mg%. Vitamin P (rutin) is of particular value to pepper; in fruits it is 70-380 mg% per 100 g of wet weight. Contains sweet pepper and vitamin A - 0.5-16 mg%. It contains from 2 to 6% sugars and starch, about 1.5% proteins, fat, fiber, ash compounds.

Sweet pepper contains valuable carotene for the body (red pepper is especially rich in it), vitamins B1, B2, E, PP, as well as minerals, among which there are sodium and potassium. It is also rich in glucose, fructose, useful organic acids and mineral salts.

The use of all varieties of sweet pepper for food is permissible at the onset of technical ripeness. These are already fully formed fruits of at least 6-8 cm, with thick fleshy walls, light green or green in color and with a characteristic peppery aroma.

Red, yellow, orange, rose yellow, black, lilac or green peppers are beautiful in all forms. Fresh fruits decorate dishes with bright multi-colored colors, taste and aroma. You can also use pepper leaves in the preparation of soups, green cabbage soup, borscht. They contain vitamin C.

Sweet peppers are eaten raw, fried, baked, stuffed, pickled, pickled and even dried. Ripe fruits can be crushed and dried. Dry fruits of this culture and powder from them are a vitamin product used as a seasoning for second courses and for making sauces.

Sweet peppers can also be kept fresh. To do this, the fruits are cut carefully together with the stalk. Each fruit is wrapped in paper, placed in cardboard box in 1-2 layers, place them on a shelf in a dry cellar. Fruits harvested at the stage of technical ripeness gradually ripen, and their content of vitamin C increases.

Sweet or bell pepper is a heat-loving and rather capricious plant, but it also has many advantages. In addition to the bright colors of the fruits, which can easily be decorated holiday dish, pepper boasts the presence of vitamins, of which it contains a lot.

Pepper seed selection and sowing

To grow pepper and get a good harvest, you need to properly care for it. But, first of all, when choosing seeds of a particular variety, it is necessary focus on growing conditions. It could be:

• open ground;
• Stationary greenhouse;
• temporary shelter;

Growing pepper in a greenhouse is a good option in protected ground, he is comfortable. Although it grows well in open soil.

When the variety is selected, you can begin to germinate the seeds. Due to thermophilicity, sweet pepper is grown only seedling way. Seeds for seedlings must be processed before sowing. Them soak for a few hours in warm water. When they swell, they are transferred to a moistened cloth for 3 days. Such processing helps to get shoots very quickly.

They are also disinfected by keeping in a solution of manganese for half an hour and washing after that running water. It is also useful to treat them with growth stimulants. Prevention of seedlings from the fungus will be useful. For this, apply special means. Pepper seeds are sown in February, so that in May they can already be transplanted into the ground. Suitable for growing seedlings:

1. coconut substrate;
2. Peat tablets, they are convenient in that when picking, the seedlings, along with the tablet, are simply transferred to another container;
3. Soil with hydrogel, which retains moisture well.

But the substrate can really be prepared independently from humus, earth and sand in a ratio of 2: 1: 1. This mixture will be light and fluffy. Per kilogram of the composition, you can add Art. lies of ash. Before sowing seeds, it is good to shed the soil with a solution of manganese.

You can use boxes for growing seedlings. But pepper does not tolerate transplanting very well. Therefore, many prefer growing seedlings in small pots or cups to avoid picking seedlings. Both methods are quite applicable. When the seeds are sown, they must be properly moistened and covered with glass or polyethylene.

Temperature plays an important role in the care of seedlings. Optimum temperature parameters for normal seedling growth:

• Daytime t - 25-27 ° C;
• Night t - 10-15 ° C;

It is important to provide seedlings and good drainage layer. For this, small pebbles or sand are suitable, they are added to the substrate. Moisturizing it should be moderate. Too much moisture can lead to various diseases, but the drying of the soil should also not be allowed. Water seedlings with warm water because they can die from the cold. What else is needed for the normal cultivation of seedlings:

1. Provide humidity in the room. This is easy to achieve by spraying or purchasing a special humidifier;
2. Ventilation is necessary, but careful so that the seedlings are protected from drafts. Therefore, it is better to cover them for this time;
3. Additional lighting is also needed for care. It is created using phytolamps, LED or fluorescent lamps.

At first backlight used around the clock, but as the seedlings grow, they are illuminated only in the morning and in the evening, providing about 12 hours of daylight.

For the cultivation of seedlings and their development, plants begin to fertilize even in seedlings. When 3 leaves appear on the seedlings, you can start feeding. For this, ammonium nitrate diluted in water, mixed with potassium compounds and superphosphate, is suitable. 2 weeks later, a second top dressing is carried out. After fertilizing, the seedlings must be watered. From vegetable fertilizers for seedlings, nettle infusion is good. A mixture is prepared at the rate of 10 parts of water per 1 part of nettle, insist it for 2 days.

From seedling boxes 20 days after the emergence of their seedlings dive into separate pots. It is undesirable to use too large containers for picking seedlings. In them, the seedlings may rot the root or they will build up excess green mass.

Before transplanting into open soil, seedlings are hardened. To do this, it must be taken to Fresh air, with each time increasing the exposure time. The main thing here is to monitor the air temperature. For pepper, its minimum value is 13 ° C. So it gradually adapts to sunlight, wind and rain. Such procedures make pepper more resistant to temperature changes.

After 60 days, the seedlings are ready to move the open ground or greenhouse to a permanent place. But in seedlings of 80 days of age, the yield is usually higher. It is important that the plants have 10-12 leaves, and height about 30cm. A day before moving to open ground or a greenhouse, you can spray them with a solution of a growth stimulator. It also increases resistance to diseases.

preparing the ground

The soil for growing sweet pepper, as well as for seedlings, is light, permeable, moist and fertile. The soil should be neutral in acidity, if it has a high pH, ​​it needs liming. It is useful to add rotted peat and sand to loams. peat soil mixed with humus and soddy soil. In sandy soil contribute sawdust, humus.

The soil for pepper is prepared in advance. In about a year, it is good to add the following compositions to the garden where pepper is planned to be planted:

• Organic fertilizers are added directly below the pepper precursor;
• In autumn, when digging, mineral potash and phosphorus top dressings are introduced;
• Spring add ammonium nitrate into the topsoil.

After fertilizing the soil, it must be dug up, freed from weeds and leveled. Then pour dissolved in hot water potassium humate or mullein.

A few days before planting pepper seedlings, it is good to disinfect the soil with this composition: st. lies of copper sulphate. So, the soil is ready and you can move the sweet pepper seedlings into it.

We plant seedlings

Pepper should be transplanted carefully, without damaging its roots. From separate containers, seedlings are transferred along with a clod of earth. This method minimizes the risk of injury to the roots. Pepper is planted in open ground when all frosts have passed in late May and early June. In a temporary greenhouse in mid-May, and in stationary greenhouse in the beginning of May. When planting sweet peppers, one must take into account what grew in the beds before it. It will develop well on the soil where there were:

1. Pumpkin;
2. cucumbers;
3. Carrot;
4. Zucchini.

But after potatoes, peppers, tomatoes or eggplants, it is better not to plant pepper, finding another place for it. Necessary take care of the soil temperature. Sweet pepper does not like cold soil, and high beds are a good option for growing it.

It is better to plant different varieties of pepper as far apart as possible. After all, the culture is prone to pollination. If possible, it is better to plant tall crops between them. When planting pepper, it is necessary to maintain a distance between the bushes of 25 cm, and between rows of 50 cm. When the seedlings take root, it must be watered more often. After planting, a humus or peat mulch is well suited, which retains moisture in the soil.

Immediately after transplantation, young peppers can be cover with polyethylene or lutrasil on the frame, making them a greenhouse. This will create favorable conditions for their rapid development. If a film is used, then the landings must be ventilated. Better choose nonwoven fabric, passing air. Spread well in a greenhouse plastic bottles with water. Warming up during the day, at night they will give off heat to the pepper. This will smooth out daily temperature fluctuations. When the weather becomes consistently warm, the shelter can be removed.

Subtleties of care

Caring for sweet peppers is not very difficult. All procedures are quite simple:

• Watering;
• Fertilizer;
• Weeding;
• Garter;

During the growing season carry out pruning activities. Long shoots are shortened, processes located below the main fork of the stem are removed. The procedure also includes the removal of diseased leaves, barren shoots. This is done to form a branched bush and improve yields.

Of the developing stepson shoots, 4-5 are left, on which the fruits will develop. Removing side branches, especially from below, is relevant if the weather outside is hot and humid. But during dry periods, this procedure is not recommended, because the lower leaves retain moisture in the soil. After harvesting, pruning is carried out again. central flower, which grows from the first branch, many gardeners pinch to increase productivity.

High varieties of pepper must be tied up. It is better to put pegs for this immediately when planting his seedlings. Pepper must be weeded and loosened, but very carefully without harming its roots. This makes the soil more breathable. During the season, 3-4 procedures are carried out, and during the second loosening, peppers can be spudded.

In open ground, sweet pepper should choose a sunny place and protect it from drafts and wind. AT hot weather it is shaded from direct sun. Well mulch the soil thin layer rotted straw. This will keep the soil moisture at the right level and help reduce watering. For pepper, the length of daylight hours is also important. It refers to plants that light day less than 12 hours begin to bear fruit earlier. This gives a more stable and higher yield.

Watering and fertilizing

Watering should be regular, because pepper is moisture-loving. Too long a dry period can cause the ovaries to fall off. Irrigation scheme:

During the fruiting period, watering is needed 2 times a week. It is important that the water is not cold, room temperature is acceptable.

Needs pepper and in periodic top dressing. The very first one is carried out 2 weeks after transplanting the seedlings, the next one occurs during the flowering period of the pepper and then when the fruits appear.

From fertilizers, it is good to apply organic matter, alternating it with mineral compositions, which can be used to process the plant in a foliar way. Potash fertilizers are very useful, but they must be used with caution so as not to overfeed the plant.

Liquid organic compounds are also effective, but fresh manure is not suitable for top dressing. It can provoke the fall of flowers on pepper. From organic compounds it is better to use humus, compost. They are brought in a bucket per 1 sq. m.

Foliar top dressing with growth stimulants is done only in warm weather. The preparations are diluted in water and pepper is sprayed with it. These procedures can take place every 2 weeks.

Vegetable fertilizers are also applicable for the care of peppers. You can prepare such a composition in a 100 liter barrel of water, place 5 kg of dandelion, nettle, chickweed, add half a glass of ash and a bucket of mullein. The composition is insisted for a week. It must be strained before use.

What causes pepper

The most common pepper diseases are white and top rot, late blight, macrosporiosis, septoria. There are different ways to deal with them. Every 2 weeks it is useful to treat the plant for prophylactic purposes with antifungal drugs "Trichodermin", "Alirin".

Helps with late blight proper pre-sowing seed treatment. An infusion of onion peel, which is sprayed on plants, is also effective. Soil moisture needs to be monitored. With insufficient watering, gray rot may develop.

Of the pests, sweet peppers are most annoyed by the scoop, slugs, whitefly, Colorado beetle, aphid, bear, spider mite. Against pests, the plant is pollinated with a solution of wood ash. From aphids, pepper treatment with whey will help well, after which it is sprinkled with wood ash. With spider mite spraying plants with infusions of tansy, garlic, wormwood yarrow will help to cope. To combat it, keltan, karbofos are also suitable.

Finally

The pepper is harvested by cutting it as it ripens, so that the ripened fruits do not interfere with the development of others. Its usually stacked in boxes where it matures.

When choosing varieties for planting, you need to decide what the pepper is grown for. If you intend to use it fresh, then large-fruited varieties with thick pulp would be a good option. For conservation, varieties with small fruits are also suitable.

As you can see, there is nothing complicated in growing sweet peppers. The main concerns fall on the period of caring for seedlings. But the harvest will pay back all the hard work.

After planting pepper seedlings in the ground, the next milestone for growing this vegetable crop. Pepper care in greenhouses and outdoors differs in some respects. Many people think that a good crop of pepper, since it is a heat-loving crop, can only be grown in a greenhouse or in the southern regions, where summer is long, but years of experience showed that in the open field it is also possible to obtain high yields of pepper. It is important to know all the pros and cons different ways cultivation of pepper in the open field and in the greenhouse, as well as differences in care.

Planting peppers in open ground.

For growing peppers outdoors buy pepper seeds of early ripening varieties, in which the period from germination to the first harvest is no more than 120 days. The time for planting pepper in open ground without shelter falls on the first days of June, usually by this time stable warm weather is already established with an average daily temperature of about +18 degrees. For planting in open ground, pepper seedlings should reach the age of 55-60 days by the beginning of May, the plants have 8-12 leaves, the first buds and flowers.

When growing seedlings in open ground, it is important to take the most favorable place for this garden culture. Pepper loves heat and sun, so the best plot for the garden will be with south side buildings. If the bed is located in an open area, then on the north side it is desirable to create protection from cold winds, for this you need to plant a number of tall vegetables on the windward side - corn, beans, peas.

It is impossible to grow pepper in the garden where vegetables related to it grew last season - tomatoes, eggplants, potatoes. It is good to grow pepper after root crops - carrots, beets or cabbage, pumpkins, beans.

Planting pepper should be carried out carefully so that the seedlings do not experience stress, it should be planted in cloudy weather or in the evening when the sun's activity is reduced. When planting pepper on a sunny day, the plants need to be shaded and the holes should be shed abundantly so that the seedlings do not fade.

Pepper seedlings quickly adapt and grow when transplanted by transshipment from pots, when the earth clod does not collapse and the roots are not damaged.

Pepper care in the open field.

Pepper grows well if, after planting, the surface of the soil in the garden is mulched with peat, humus, or when the earth is covered with dark plastic wrap. To do this, before planting seedlings, the bed is covered with a dark film, cuts are made in the places of the holes, and then seedlings are planted in these holes and the plants are watered. With this method of covering the earth with a film in the care of pepper, there is no need to weed and loosen the ridges, since weeds do not germinate through the film, moisture is retained in the soil longer, a crust does not form on the surface, and the temperature in the soil will be a couple of degrees higher, which is very fond of pepper.

Without mulching, the soil must be regularly weeded, loosened, so that the roots of vegetable plants receive enough air. Loosening the ridges of pepper is done superficially, by about 5 cm, using a tool similar to a fork, since the numerous roots of the pepper are shallow.

Mainly grown outdoors low varieties peppers that do not require a garter, and the crown of plants is formed according to the rules of a fork. The top of the peppers is pinched when the plants reach a height of 20-25 cm, when it gives side shoots, leave only the two strongest, they, in turn, also leave two shoots each, in the end you should get 8-10 branches. Pepper shoots growing inside the bush are recommended to be removed.

When forming pepper, it is planted according to the scheme 45 x 50 cm, i.e. rows are made every 50 cm, and in a row, holes for planting seedlings are dug every 45 cm.

How to properly water peppers:

The quantity and quality of the crop depends on the watering of the pepper. If there is not enough moisture for plants, their stems become stiff, buds and leaves fall off, and the set fruits form thin-walled and hard. Before flowering, pepper should be watered abundantly once a week so that the soil in the beds gets wet to a depth of at least 20 cm. After flowering, during the period of growth of pepper fruits in dry weather, abundant watering is required every 3-4 days.

Peppers should not be watered cold tap water from a hose by sprinkling over the leaves, while you make two mistakes at once. Peppers need to be watered only with warm water settled in the tank under the root.

Additional top dressing of pepper when grown in open ground and in a greenhouse is done in the same way. The first time the pepper is fertilized 2 weeks after planting. When the plants are still actively growing their green mass, it is good to feed them with organic fertilizer - an infusion of mullein or chicken manure, diluted in a ratio of 1:10 and 1:15. The following top dressing is carried out every 2-3 weeks, using a complex mineral fertilizer. It is better to exclude organic matter so that the forces of the plant are directed to flowering and the formation of fruits.

Pepper care in the greenhouse.

In greenhouses, you can grow all varieties of pepper from early ripening to late ripening, in which the first crop of fruits ripens 135 days after germination.

Pepper seedlings can be planted in the greenhouse in the first decade of May, as the plants are protected from short-term frosts and cold nights. By this time, pepper seedlings should have reached the age of 60 days, so pepper seeds for greenhouses are sown almost a month earlier than those intended for open ground.

The land in the greenhouse must be renewed or fertilized annually, for this 1 sq.m. bring up to two buckets of humus and about 50 grams of complex mineral fertilizer. Peppers do not like acidic soil, therefore, it is limed in advance or, when planted, 1-2 tablespoons of wood ash are poured into each hole.

Planting pepper in a greenhouse is usually carried out more densely, trying to fit as much as possible more plants, for this, a 30x40 cm scheme is used. With this planting, the plants are formed into one stem and tall varieties are used that need to be tied up, like tomatoes.

Temperature regime when growing pepper in a greenhouse.

Pepper can be planted in a greenhouse when the average daily temperature in it is 20 degrees, and at night it will not fall below +12 degrees. A thermometer in the greenhouse must be hung up, since temperature control is needed not only in spring, but also in summer to prevent overheating.

In a greenhouse there is a danger of an excessive increase in temperature and humidity, in such an atmosphere, as in a bathhouse, pepper will grow and bloom, but not set fruits, since high humidity causes sticking of pollen, and air temperatures above +28 degrees make pollen sterile.

Pepper is well pollinated in the open ground with the help of wind and insects, but bees rarely fly into the greenhouse and the plants are reliably protected from the wind, so they need to be helped to pollinate by shaking the flowering bushes every 3-4 days or brushing the flowers with a brush.

Peppers do not like sudden changes in temperature in the greenhouse, so it must be regulated by airing on hot days and closing on cool nights.

In the greenhouse, the first pepper crop ripens a month earlier than in the open field, and due to the longer growth period in the warmth, the crop will grow more.

Watering peppers in the greenhouse

Peppers are watered in the greenhouse regularly 1-2 times a week, since atmospheric precipitation is not available to the plants, the time between waterings can only change due to changes in temperature in the greenhouse. On hot days, the soil dries out faster and the plants need to be watered more often. Violation of the rules of watering - prolonged drying, alternating abundant watering soil leads to fruit cracking.

In order for peppers to ripen sweet, with a high content of vitamins, plants need to be fed with phosphorus-potassium fertilizer, but not more than 1 time in two weeks.

Mistakes in the care of peppers lead to a decrease in the quality of the crop. If peppercorns grow small and ugly, then the soil is too acidic or the plants are overfed with nitrogen, not enough sunlight also causes over watering and fruit set in high humidity conditions.

How to grow bell pepper? Science is not complicated. It will only take a lot of time, patience and a little effort. You can't just take seeds and plant them in the ground. Bell peppers have a very long growing season. Therefore, he simply does not have time to mature.

In general, those who have been planting pepper on their site for more than a year know all the subtleties and nuances. We will list the most important ones. So that even beginners in agriculture can enjoy their harvest without mistakes and losses.

What is important for bell pepper? Yes, a lot. The main questions are always about:

• seed selection
• soil preparation for seedlings and planting in the ground
• growing seedlings
• landing dates
• care and nourishment

Each item on the list matters. Let it just look impressive. In fact, at any of the stages it will not take much effort. It is much more important to strictly follow the recommendations and you will be happy and whole baskets of sweet peppers.

Which bell pepper seeds to choose

The most important thing in this business is the expiration date of the seeds. Do not believe manufacturers who write on bags about double or triple terms. Whatever the super-package is, the shelf life of bell pepper seeds is only 12 months. With further storage, germination decreases sharply. Therefore, buy only fresh.

Another important factor is maturation time. There are varieties with a vegetative period of up to 150 days. Commercials and to new year holidays don't wait for the harvest. Choose ultra-early varieties. They will appear in all their glory in 70-80 days.

Advice. Don't be afraid to try different varieties and experiment. Perhaps you will collect a whole collection of your favorite bell peppers.

How to Prepare the Soil for Sweet Peppers

For seedlings. Yes, yes, bell pepper is grown through seedlings. To do this, you must first prepare the ground. You can independently make a mixture of loose earth, sand and humus. The proportions are 2 to 1 to 1. Or purchase a special primer in the store.

Either way, it needs to be processed. First, the soil is exposed to frost. After 3 days, they are brought into heat, allowed to thaw. Then they are laid out in wide metal containers that will freely enter the oven. The earth is thoroughly shed with a strong solution of potassium permanganate, then calcined in an oven at 110-120 ° C until completely dry.

Thus, you can get rid of almost all pest larvae and pathogenic microorganisms. Which, by the way, can sit quietly in store soil.

For landing in the ground. The land is prepared in the fall. Under digging, organic or mineral fertilizers are applied. It can be rotted manure, ripened compost, fatty humus. Of the mineral recommended potassium sulfate, superphosphate.

In the spring, 5 days before the proposed planting, the soil is cultivated to prevent late blight. Copper preparations (vitriol, Bordeaux mixture) or phytosporin are suitable for this.

So, the ground has been prepared. What will further actions? The right routine is:

1. Bell pepper seeds are soaked for 20 minutes in a warm, strong solution of potassium permanganate. Then washed with clean water. This will disinfect them.
2. Then the seeds are soaked for 12 hours in a biostimulant solution. If it is not at hand, then just in warm water. Just add a small piece of aloe leaf, cut lengthwise.
3. After this procedure, the seeds are not washed. Lay them out on a damp cloth or toilet paper, covered with glass, package. And put in a warm dark place. Within about a day, seeds with normal germination should hatch. Now they are ready for sowing.

Sowing is quite easy. Prepared containers are filled with soil to a height of 3-4 cm. The surface is leveled and slightly crushed. The bent seeds are carefully laid out, then sprinkled on top with a layer of earth 1-1.5 cm thick. Moisten them a little, put them in the dark and warm again.

After 6-7 days, a maximum of bell pepper sprouts together. From now on, he needs good lighting from 7 am to 9 pm, the temperature is not lower than + 22 ° C. As you can see, peppers love heat very much. It even needs to be watered only with warm water.

Sweet pepper does not like picking. He doesn't like being disturbed at all. Touched, transplanted, cut off. But some steps are needed. For example, picking must be carried out necessarily. Otherwise, the roots will become tangled during growth, and the plants themselves will be long, thin and weak. Do it when two real sheets are clearly visible. Cotyledons do not count.

Place bell peppers in cups two at a time. And more they try not to turn over until the very transplantation into open ground.

Watch the soil carefully. It should always be moderately moist, but not damp. If necessary, periodically spray the seedlings with a spray bottle. This water is enough for irrigation. Nutrient mixtures are also consumed by the leaves. The root system of sweet pepper is still too weak, but the leaves are quite capable of absorbing the right amount of top dressing.

Seedlings of sweet pepper must be gradually hardened. Otherwise, it will be painful and weak. To do this, gradually reduce the air temperature to 15-16°C. This can be achieved by taking the sprouts to a balcony or an unheated terrace for a while.

Advice. If you have a greenhouse or greenhouse, you can put cups there for a day. The nights in April are still cold, so bring the seedlings indoors.

When to plant bell pepper

The exact planting dates are always of interest to both beginners and experienced gardeners. Calculating the time of the first sowing is not at all difficult. The age of sweet pepper bushes when planted in open ground should be 76-79 days. In most regions, peppers are planted after the threat of a return frost. This time falls on the third decade of May. Count back and get the day when you need to sow the seeds.

If planting in a greenhouse is planned, then this usually happens in mid-April. Accordingly, the dates are pushed back. Some owners do not have the opportunity to sow sweet pepper seeds so early. Therefore, they do it at the usual time, but the plants dive immediately into a greenhouse or greenhouse.

By the way, the classic bell pepper planting pattern is 40 by 40 cm.

Advice. There is a sign among the people. If any seedlings are planted on a certain day, then allegedly no subsequent frosts will harm them. That day is May 13th. The weather may still be chilly, but that shouldn't stop you. Try it on several bushes. According to reviews, the secret works 100%.

Standard care for planting sweet peppers includes:

1. Weeding. Weeds strive to shade peppers and take away the lion's share of nutrients from them. Therefore, they are ruthlessly pulled out. You can put them right in the aisles, as mulch. Let them do good instead of harm.
2. Loosening. The earthen crust is necessarily broken after each watering or rain. This contributes to better retention of moisture in the soil. Just be very careful not to damage it. root system. It is very capricious in pepper and is located close to the surface.
3. Watering. Bulgarian pepper is very responsive to timely watering. Without water, it can grow, but it will be stuck, sickly, and will not produce a crop. At the same time, with excessive soil moisture, the roots may begin to rot. Therefore, it is watered only when there is a threat of drought. In a normal climate, water when the topsoil is dry at a depth of at least 10 cm.
4. Formation. Most often, sweet peppers are allowed to grow in two stems. That is, pinch the top of the central stem. After that, pepper gives several stepchildren. Of these, the two most powerful are left, the rest are cut off. And some do not form bushes at all. And they also get good yields.
5. Top dressing. Sweet peppers begin to be fed with organic matter only with the beginning of flowering. Up to this point, it is advisable to use mineral fertilizers. If you swap them, you will get powerful lush bushes, and there will be few flowers. It is very good to use green liquid fertilizer or bird droppings, diluted with water in proportions of 1 to 20. One application every 15 days is enough. Fertilize preferably at the root.
6. Mulching. Highly important aspect pepper care. Allows you to retain moisture in the soil, which means that the need for frequent watering is eliminated. And it does not allow weeds to grow, and this facilitates all care in the complex. For achievement best results the mulch layer must be at least 10 cm. Otherwise, the whole point of the undertaking is reduced to zero.
7. Getting rid of pests. As a rule, pepper bushes are very fond of many pests. And an infusion of garlic helps a little from them. Insecticides are much more effective. But, if the owner of the landings is categorically against the use of chemistry, then the network is full folk recipes. Perhaps there is the most suitable one. Among them, the most good feedback received tobacco infusions (medium handful per liter of boiling water, strain, dilute in 5 liters clean water) and a mixture based on birch tar (dilute a tablespoon in 10 liters of water).
8. Disease prevention. Sweet pepper ailments are often caused by a lack of any elements or their overabundance. Therefore, you need to periodically carefully inspect the bushes for various suspicious spots or points. In any case, diseases are easier to prevent than to try to get rid of them later. There are recommendations to alternate spraying with a solution of hydrogen peroxide with a solution of ammonia. Both liquids take 2 tbsp. l. for 10 liters of pure water.

As you can see from the list, caring for bell peppers is not at all difficult. However, it is regular.

A few tricks

1. Now pharmacies do not sell potassium permanganate. And it is required for several periods of work with bell pepper. Feel free to follow her to any store that sells fertilizers and top dressings. It doesn't even need a prescription.
2. Try to plant different varieties of sweet peppers as far apart as they are prone to cross-pollination. And even more so, you can not place them next to hot peppers.
3. When picking or transplanting peppers, they always try to damage as little as possible. earthen clod with root system. So the plants get sick less and take root better.
4. It is generally accepted that young sweet pepper plants should not be buried. This is wrong. Numerous experiments by gardeners have proven that additional roots develop on buried peppers. Therefore, you can safely plant peppers by dropping them to the cotyledon leaves.
5. For better pollination of flowers, sweet water is used. For 300 ml of pure water take 1 tbsp. l. sugar, mix thoroughly and spray future ovaries. Bees are happy to fly to such flowers.

How to grow bell pepper? After reading this article, you can safely answer this question - very simply!

Video: 10 mistakes when growing sweet peppers