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Every girl will be very pleased if on March 8, on International Women's Day, she receives beautiful bouquet tulips. Growing these spring flowers at home on the windowsill by the right time is quite simple, the main thing is to adhere to the forcing technology at home.

Distillation is the cultivation of plants, in which a set of specific measures is carried out, aimed at flowering. It is important that plants can bloom at a time unusual for the selected species.

Distillation is necessary in order to bring the tulip bulbs out of the dormant state in which they are in winter period. At this time, the formation of the most important parts of the plant.

In order not to harm this process, the bulbs are placed in conditions close to natural.

These flowers lend themselves well to forcing, and if you follow the instructions exactly, such a flower can be grown for any holiday, by March 8, New Year or birthday. Consider what needs to be done for this.

Proper preparation for forcing tulips

Before planting in winter, you need to prepare the material. In order to properly carry out the distillation, the following procedure is necessary:

Storage of bulbs dug out of open ground under certain conditions. The process is described in detail in the article;
Rooting future tulips at low temperatures;
cultivation plants before flowering in a warm room at room temperature.

The first, preparatory stage begins even during the cultivation of the future planting material in the open field. Care for such plants should be special and include abundant top dressing and timely watering.

Healthy flowers will grow only from properly preserved bulbs.

These actions will help the bulb accumulate as much as possible. nutrients. Also, such tulips must be subjected to decapitation, that is, the removal of the growth point.

Another preparatory stage there will be a choice of soil and containers for plants:

Peat, sand, garden soil, or specialized blend with the addition of perlite and vermiculite;
Acidity should be neutral;
It is very important that the ground was breathable and well absorbed and retained moisture;
It is not recommended to use greenhouse land, because it can be carriers of various diseases;
You can use boxes, pots, bowls, etc. as containers. But the best way ceramic containers are suitable for such purposes;
A newly purchased container is kept in water for 24 hours, if the container has already been used before it needs to be disinfected, most in a simple way will be soaking in strong solution potassium permanganate.

What varieties are suitable to grow

When choosing which variety of tulips to grow, many flower growers first of all pay attention to the shape, color and size of the buds.

Darwin hybrids, the best representatives of which are Maureen and Forgotten Dream;
Triumph Group (Parade, Record, etc.);
Eric Hoffsier;
London;
Diplomat.

It is also worth paying attention to varieties protected from various viral diseases. most popular of these are considered Kaufman, Greig and Foster.

Florists distinguish them not only because of increased immunity, but also due to their bright appearance, big flowers and low, but at the same time powerful stems.

One of the main problems that can be encountered when forcing is variegation. Spots, dots and stripes appear on the petals. Also, "blind buds" can grow from the affected bulbs.

That is why very it is important to choose resistant varieties tulip.

In addition to the variety, attention should be paid to appearance the bulbs themselves. They should be large, fleshy, heavy and healthy. In specialized stores, tulips for distillation are marked "Giant".

How and at what temperatures are flower bulbs stored

This stage is very important in order to artificially activate the bulbs by the required period of time.

if the bulbs are harvested on their own, they are dug up after 2/3 of the ground part turns yellow;
the first month after the removal of the bulbs from the soil, they are stored at a temperature of +20 degrees;
then the indicator is slowly reduced to +15 degrees;
in the beginning of September, for 30 days, the bulbs are cleaned in the refrigerator, while it is worth remembering that they cannot be kept next to products that emit ethylene.

Compliance with the terms of cooling will be the main guarantee of successful distillation.

At long period flower stalks can be bent, and if too short, do not grow to the desired size.

Storing plants in the refrigerator is a reasonable measure to preserve them

Distillation by March 8: when to plant

In order for the tulips to bloom by March 8, you can plant the bulbs in early October, adhering to the following recommendations:

Tara falls asleep prepared soil by 2/3 from the total size;
Then the bulbs are rooted, they are laid out at a distance of 1 centimeter from each other and slightly pressed into the soil;
On the final stage they are covered with the remaining soil to the very top and watered with a solution of calcium nitrate (4 grams of the substance is diluted in 2 liters of water).

If the tops are exposed, they need to be sprinkled back with earth.

After all the work done, the main condition for growing the correct temperature is:

On average, the rooting of the bulbs lasts 16-22 weeks, during which time they are kept in a room with a temperature of 0 to +10 degrees. The main care will be timely and plentiful watering;
Then a container with tulips moved to a colder room with frozen air (from +2 to -4 degrees - maybe a basement) and keep it there until the sprouts grow to 5-8 centimeters.

How to grow at home: growing technology

After the tulips have reached the indicated sizes, they are transferred to a warm room.

The first 3-4 days it is necessary to maintain the temperature from 12 to 15 degrees and provide shading.

As soon as the plants adapt, the temperature is increased to 16-18 degrees and full lighting is provided. Experienced gardeners recommend additionally illuminate the container with flowers to prevent stretching.

As soon as the flowers open, it is better to lower the temperature slightly to prolong the flowering period.

The main care during forcing will be timely watering and fertilizing with a solution of calcium nitrate.

We examined the features of growing a tulip at home. Another technique is described in the article.

You can raise a pet not for sale, but just for the soul

Tulips are amazing flowers that symbolize the approach of spring. Grow them yourself to anyone important day very simple, the main thing is to follow the recommendations from experienced flower growers.

Despite the fact that tulips are now sold almost all year round, own forcing is a lot of fun, because it allows you to choose varieties to your liking, observe the entire process of plant development and get the desired flowering by the right date.

Due to the low need for lighting, tulips lend themselves well to forcing, even in conditions artificial lighting, in the absence of natural light. The decorativeness of flowering in distillation (height, flower size) depends on the variety, the weight of the planted bulb and strict adherence to temperature treatment.

There are two technologies for forcing tulips - 5-degree and 9-degree. The first requires cooling the bulbs at a temperature of +5 ° C for 12 weeks, followed by planting in the greenhouse soil, while not allowing the slightest deviation from the set temperature, which cannot be ensured with the help of household refrigerators. So this technology acceptable only for industrial floriculture, and we will not dwell on it further.

Tulip bulbs for forcing

Bulbs of 1 parsing are suitable for distillation - 10/11 in a circle or extra - 12 or 12+. In the industrial floriculture of Holland, smaller bulbs of 2 sorts are also used, which are expelled for inexpensive “mixed” bouquets. However, the larger the bulbs, the more powerful the plants develop, the larger the flower and the smaller the percentage of non-flowering bulbs.

The full development of the bulb and its readiness for forcing is indicated not only by size, but also by weight. A heavy bulb is a sign that a flower bud has been laid in it. Smaller bulbs of the first analysis are sometimes fuller than extra bulbs, overfed with nitrogen in the process of growing in the ground. Bulbs weighing at least 25 g are selected for distillation.

Bulbs prepared for forcing are widely available for sale, but you can also use your own. To do this, throughout the growing season, you need to provide optimal conditions development for plants, carry out decapitation - removal of flowers at the beginning of pollen maturation. This will increase the percentage large bulbs. However, the correct temperature treatment plays a decisive role in preparing tulip bulbs for forcing. In this article, we will not dwell on the process of preparing for forcing your own bulbs, for this it is better to refer to the specialized literature.

Planting tulips for forcing

Tulips are planted for distillation from 1 to 5 October. For forcing by the New Year or in January, the bulbs are cooled for a month at +9 ° C even before planting.

Before planting the bulbs, it is recommended to remove the covering scales for two reasons. Firstly, the roots penetrate the substrate more easily and the bulb takes root faster, while with dense covering scales they begin to grow up along the bulb, pushing it out of the soil, which leads to deterioration decorative qualities flower. Secondly, the removal of scales allows you to identify subtle signs of disease and promptly discard weakly affected bulbs. But at in large numbers bulbs, this can be omitted, it is enough to free the root tubercle from the covering scales, which often itself begins to be exposed after the scales crack.

Substrate: a mixture of garden soil and river sand in a ratio of 1: 1, you can use clean river sand, peat, sawdust, earth, perlite, however, each of these substrates has its drawbacks. Sawdust does not retain moisture well and requires frequent watering during the period of rooting and subsequent cooling. They, like peat, must be deoxidized by adding dolomite flour. Earth - heavy in weight, strongly compacted during irrigation . In the industrial floriculture of Holland, pure river sand or sawdust is used. For amateur flower growers, a mixture of peat and river sand or a mixture of river sand and good garden soil is most acceptable. The substrate should be neutral, with a pH of 6.5-7, and not contain salts that impede the development of the root system. The presence of nutrients in the substrate is not essential during forcing, but allows you to save the bulbs, which are less depleted.

The substrate is poured into boxes with a layer of 5 cm, slightly compacted and the bulbs are laid out, slightly pressing, at a distance of 0.5-1 cm from each other. Bulbs fall asleep on top with a layer of 1 cm, watered abundantly. It is better to pour a 0.2% solution of calcium nitrate (20 g per 10 liters of water), calcium makes the flower stalks strong. After watering, add the substrate to cover the exposed bulbs, because with shallow planting, the bulbs bulge during the rooting period.

The density of planting in the ground per 1 sq.m of the greenhouse area is 250-300 pcs., when using artificial lighting, they are planted less often - according to the 4x4 cm pattern . According to the same scheme, fringed tulips are planted, which require more light.

In a pot with a diameter of 12 cm, you can plant from 3 to 5 bulbs, almost close to each other. In this case, the convex part of the bulb must be placed towards the center so that the first leaf is directed outward and the plants look symmetrical during the flowering period.

Cooling period for tulips

Containers with planted bulbs are placed in a room (basement or refrigerator) with a stable temperature of +9 ° C and air humidity of 60-70% for rooting. For different varieties the rooting period can be from 13-14 to 20 weeks. During the period of cold storage, plantings are periodically viewed and watered. In case of fluctuations in temperature, growth can be restrained by covering the plantings with snow instead of watering.

For accommodation in household refrigerator pots with tulips are pre-packed in a plastic bag.

Tulip forcing technology

To move the boxes with sprouted bulbs to light should begin when the shoots reach 5-6 cm, and the flower germ goes beyond the storage scales and will be felt at the bottom of the shoot.

Temperature. When transferring the boxes to the light, the temperature should not exceed +12+14 o C. After 3-4 days, the temperature is increased to +16+18 0 C during the day and +14+15 o C at night and full lighting is provided. When the buds begin to color, the temperature is reduced to +15 ° C. At the same time, the flowering period is extended, the flower becomes large, and the flowering stem is strong and tall. By lowering the temperature during the staining period or a little earlier, you can bring flowering to the scheduled date. However, it must be borne in mind that a decrease in temperature during the day by 2.5 ° C from the norm delays the onset of flowering by one day.

If flowering is delayed by the scheduled date, raising the temperature to +20 ° C can bring flowering closer by 2-3 days.

Lighting: In the first 3-4 days, the lighting is weak. If the sprouts are small - 3-4 cm, then they are shaded with a black non-woven covering material, trying not to touch the sprouts. Every day for 1-1.5 hours, the shading is removed, and the room is ventilated. In 2-3 days, the sprouts grow up to 6-8 cm, then the shading is removed and full light is given.

Large, chilled bulbs require little light when forcing. However, illumination matters and affects the quality of the cut. It has long been established that illumination of 900 lux is the minimum "threshold" at which all plants bloom. At 800 lux, the bulbs of the 1st parsing do not bloom.

Even with sunny February, tulips need to extend daylight hours by 3-5 hours, otherwise the leaves will be weakly colored. For 1 sq. m requires additional illumination of 40-60 W, and the total length daylight hours should be 10-12 hours. Phytolamps are suspended at a height of 0.5 m and maintain this distance during plant growth.

Watering is done in the morning every day, avoiding water on the leaves.

Tulips need to be watered cold water(+8+12 o C), better than thawed, because it contains a minimum amount of salts and acids. In the first 7-10 days, it is better to water every other time. 0.2% solution of calcium nitrate, which promotes the formation of strong peduncles, highly decorative flowers and increases flowering productivity .

Top dressing. The process of forcing bulbous plants is completely due to the mobilization of nutrients accumulated in the storage scales of the bulb. The forcing period is only 16-30 days, and in a greenhouse feeds are not digestible. When cultivating tulips in boxes on poor soil in conditions of good lighting, it is still advisable to carry out top dressing with a special liquid fertilizer for bulbs. However, excess fertilizer causes leaf scorch and adversely affects flower quality, and can also delay flowering by 1-6 days.

It is noticed that top dressing of 40 g of potassium and 20 g ammonium nitrate per 10 liters of water 10-12 days after planting, it helps to preserve the bulbs after forcing.

Plants bloom on average after 3 weeks exceptionally amicably (within 2-3 days) and bloom for 7-10 days. Even with the same planting dates and bulb preparation modes, their flowering period, depending on the conditions of the year, can vary within 6 days. . If at the time of coloring the buds the temperature is reduced to + 10 + 12 ° C, then flowering lasts 10-14 days.

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Forcing tulips is a row technological methods, "forcing" the tulip to bloom in an unnatural period, for example, by February 14 or by March 8.

An important and initial step is the need to choose the right varieties of tulips, since each variety has its own individual characteristics: flowering time and cooling period. Therefore, not all varieties are suitable for distillation.

Next, you need to decide on the technology of distillation. From our own experience, we recommend using the 9-degree distillation technology. This forcing has significant advantages over the 5-degree technology, where even a temperature deviation of 0.5 degrees can lead to the death of the crop. Also an important advantage is the quality of the cut: with a 9-degree forcing, the tulip turns out to be much larger, taller and brighter.

It is important to find a good and responsible supplier with quality planting material. For the transportation of tulip bulbs from Holland must be used trucks with refrigerators and ventilation system. The temperature during transport should be 18-20 °C. Failure to comply with these measures, as well as further proper storage(in a warm unventilated room) in the future will negatively affect the quality of distillation.

The bulb should be planted in boxes in the first half of October, and in the ground after October 25th. The soil should be loose and have good drainage. good rooting one of important conditions. The most best temperature environment(air and soil) for planting and rooting +9 degrees. The rooting process takes about 3 weeks.

The bulb from Holland comes fully prepared for planting. Nothing else can be added to the soil.

After planting, the boxes with the bulb are taken out to a cool, damp place, preferably in the basement. The room in which the bulb is stored until heating season must be well ventilated. Rooting temperature +9 degrees.

It is necessary to bring the boxes into the greenhouse from about January 20 (depending on the tulip variety and the desired flowering date). The temperature of the first week of the heating season should gradually increase from 10 to 17 degrees. It is advisable to pour calcium nitrate 2-3 times in the first half of the distillation to strengthen the stem (1 tablespoon per bucket of water).

The remaining time before flowering, the temperature in the greenhouse should be stable at 17 degrees. It is important that the greenhouse is well ventilated throughout the forcing period. Sudden changes in humidity in the greenhouse are not allowed. The norm of humidity is 70-85%. high humidity can lead to a number of diseases: stem drooping (topping), gray rot, Tulip Foliage Defects.

Tulips need to be watered as the soil dries out.

After the cut, it is necessary to remove the greenhouse from the remaining planting material and disinfect the soil for further planting.

An important point is the proper storage of the tulip after cutting. Flowers should be wrapped in clean, dry paper in 15-20 pieces and sent to storage for dry storage. Immediately before using the tulips for their intended purpose, they must be insisted in cold water several hours.

Important!

With an increase in temperature in the greenhouse, the process of growth and flowering of the tulip accelerates.

Reducing the temperature in the greenhouse by 2 degrees slows down the process of flowering tulips for 7-10 days. Thus, by adjusting the temperature in the greenhouse, you can adjust the flowering period of tulips yourself.

Deviations from temperature at all stages of distillation and transportation are unacceptable. Any significant jumps temperature regime affect the final product quality.
Mandatory is the process of air circulation in the greenhouse.
Dependence of growth on temperature:

Tulips are the most popular spring flowers that please with their bright buds with the arrival of the first warm weather after winter. Thanks to modern technologies distillation of tulips at home, you can grow this spring crop all year round.

From the article you will learn which varieties of tulips are best suited for forcing, what the process itself is and how to properly plant in order to grow tulips for the New Year or early spring.

Tulips are the best flower crops suitable for forcing. Because it bulbous plant, the period from the awakening of the bulbs to the appearance of buds takes a short period of time.

Accurately observing the technology, you will be able to please yourself and your loved ones with bright colors all year round. spring flowers. To begin with, it is worth understanding what the process itself is and how to carry it out correctly (Figure 1).

This technology is described in detail in the video.

What is tulip forcing

Forcing at home is a process in which the culture is provided with conditions that provoke early awakening of the roots and the formation of buds at an unusual time of the year.

Note: In temperate climates, winter is a dormant period for most plants, including tulips. During this period, growth stops, but processes occur inside the bulbs that ensure future flowering.

By providing plants with special conditions, it is possible to artificially bring them out of dormancy, activate their growth and provoke flowering. In fact, you need to make sure that the plants go through a full annual cycle in a short time.

Figure 1. The process of growing flowers

Because the low winter temperatures provoke the formation of substances necessary for future flowering on the bulbs in without fail affected by low temperatures. After that, the temperature is raised so that the first sprouts and buds appear. The duration of each period depends on the variety.

What varieties to choose

For the procedure to be successful, you need to choose the right varieties of flowers. Not all of them are suitable for winter cultivation. In addition, the period by which you want to receive flowering plants.

By the New Year

Early-flowering varieties are suitable for this, as their cooling period is only 16 weeks. These varieties include Epricot Beauty, Christmas Marvel, Brilliant Star and others (Figure 2).

Figure 2. Varieties for growing for the New Year: 1 - Epricot Beauty, 2 - Christmas Marvel, 3 - Brilliant Star

The same species are also suitable for growing at Christmas, as they are characterized by a sufficient duration of flowering to maintain buds in late December and early January.

By March 8

Varieties of culture that can bloom in late February or early March belong to the type of Darwin hybrids.

Such plants have very diverse petal colors, and the thickness of the stems allows them to be used not only as a green decoration, but also for cutting.

Figure 3. Varieties for cultivation by March 8: 1 - Oxford, 2 - Diplomat, 3 - Scarborough, 4 - Vivex

To popular varieties this type includes Oxford, Diplomat, Eric Hofsyu, Scarborough, Vivex and others (Figure 3).

By April

Varieties intended for cultivation by April require more care. First, they are exposed to longer low temperatures. And secondly, after that they need to be properly warmed up to enhance growth and flowering.

Figure 4. Varieties for cultivation by April: 1 - Ad Rem, 2 - Gordon Cooper, 3 - London, 4 - Parade

Varieties for such cultivation are also quite diverse. Among them are Ad Rem, Gordon Cooper, London, Daydream, Parade and Oxford Elite (Figure 4).

By May

The cultivation of tulips by the beginning of May is carried out mainly with the use of late flowering varieties. However, subject to certain conditions other types can be used.

Figure 5. Varieties of tulips for May: 1 - Aristocrat, 2 - Negrita, 3 - Hibernia

The most popular varieties are Aristocrat, Negrita, Parade, Hibernia and others (Figure 5).

How to store forcing bulbs

Key role in this process plays the correct storage of bulbs. First of all, this concerns the temperature regime.

Note: Proper temperature changes can speed up or, conversely, prolong the time of bud emergence.

In general, the storage of bulbs for cultivation in a greenhouse is no different from the regime for further planting in open ground.

The storage of bulbs is carried out as follows(picture 6):

At the usual time, they are dug out of the ground, dried and cleaned of the remnants of the earth;
After that planting material within a month stored in a ventilated room at a temperature of 20-23 degrees. It is this indicator that leads to the formation of the rudiments of a bud;
After that, the temperature is gradually reduced. In the first month up to 20 degrees, and then - up to 16.

Since such temperature indicators fully correspond to the natural conditions of July, August and September, it will not be difficult to maintain an optimal climate even without special equipment.

Figure 6. Storing bulbs for further cultivation for sale

The most difficult is the distillation for the New Year, because in the bulbs for a short time flower buds should form. In order for cooling to begin on time, it is recommended to dig them out earlier than usual (as soon as the upper scales acquire a slight yellowish tint). After that, planting material for a week for storage, maintaining a temperature of +34 degrees. After that, they are stored in the bottom drawer of the refrigerator until planting.

Thanks to this regime, the process of leaf formation slows down in the bulbs, while the bud rudiments form faster.

Preparing bulbs for planting

It is also important to properly prepare the bulbs for planting. Only large healthy specimens are suitable for this, so the flower bed must be carefully looked after: remove weeds, carry out regular watering, loosening and fertilizing.

To speed up the process of harvesting planting material, flowers are grown under a film, and all formed buds are cut off. This allows you to get high-quality bulbs for the cultivation of flowers for the New Year.

Before planting, planting material must be inspected and damaged ones removed. To prevent diseases, you can lower the planting material for 30 minutes in a weak solution of potassium permanganate.

Planting and rooting bulbs

The soil for planting should be loose, light and pass water well. For this, river sand, peat, or a mixture of them is excellent.

Note: Sometimes sawdust is used for these purposes, but they do not retain moisture well, so initial stage the bed will have to be watered more often than usual. In addition, clean sawdust and peat are additionally limed to make the acidity level neutral.

Clean garden soil is not suitable for this purpose (it is too compacted when watered), as well as greenhouse soil and manure, which serve as an excellent environment for the development of diseases.

Landing is carried out as follows(picture 7):

The soil mixture is poured into prepared containers, filling it by 2/3 and compacted;
On top lay the bulbs and sprinkle them with another layer of soil. The bottom of each bulb should fit tightly into the soil, and the ground should completely cover the planting material;
The soil is watered and, if the tips of the planting material appear above the soil surface, another layer of substrate is added;
The containers are transferred to the basement or other room, the temperature in which is not more than +10 degrees.

Further care includes weekly watering and maintenance optimal level humidity (80%). The average duration of rooting is 16-22 weeks (depending on the variety). By December, the temperature is gradually reduced, and at the very end of distillation it is maintained at +4 degrees.

Figure 7. Planting bulbs for distillation

Top dressing of tulips is also necessary so that the bulbs form large beautiful buds. Any fertilizer can be used mineral supplements intended for bulbous plants.

Forcing tulips

Compliance with the regime will allow you to get flowering plants by a certain date. Typically, containers are transferred from a cold to a warm room 3 weeks before flowering. By this time, the height of the sprouts should be just over 5 cm (Figure 8).

At first, the temperature in the room should not exceed 12 degrees. At the same time, the lighting is dimmed, and if this is not possible, each sprout is covered with dark paper.

Note: Raise the shelter daily to ventilate the plants.

After 4 days, the temperature is raised to 18 degrees and the bed is well lit. If necessary, you can turn on the lamp for several hours daylight. This will prolong daylight hours, provoke more active flowering and prevent stems from stretching.

Re-lowering the temperature is carried out when color begins to appear on the petals. This is necessary condition to strengthen the buds and prolong the flowering period. Water the sprouts daily, but in no case should they be placed in the sun. This will shorten the flowering period.

You will find more information about processing bulbs and forcing tulips in the video.

Growing tulips after forcing

Many novice flower growers have a question: what to do with the bulbs after forcing? Many simply throw them away, but in fact, planting material is excellent for growing.

Figure 8. Conditions and mode of forcing tulips

If low-growing varieties were used for distillation, on the bulbs of which there are no leaves left after cutting, planting material is simply dug up three weeks after flowering is completed. For tall varieties(for example, for representatives of the Darwin hybrid species), watering is continued even after cutting, leaving the containers in a well-lit place until the leaves turn yellow. This will allow you to get large and high-quality bulbs for further planting.

After the bulbs are removed from the soil, they are dried for two weeks and stored at a temperature of 14-17 degrees. The planting of such tulips in open ground is carried out in the usual manner.

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