Installation of ridge ventilation. Ridge ventilation for soft roofs: the need and installation. Technical options

Ventilation under pitched roofs attic space usually carried out through dormer windows with louvered grilles. In this case, the ventilation openings are located at the same level, that is, in the region of approximately equal aerodynamic coefficients. Such a ventilation device does not provide sufficient effective ventilation of the entire under-roof space. When it is used in the attic, there are places with stagnant air (stagnant zones).

Ventilation openings are recommended by specialists from the Euromet company, which specializes in the sale of metal and bituminous roofing materials, under the overhang and in the ridge of the roof. At the same time, they should be evenly distributed along the perimeter of the roof and along the entire length of the ridge.

In this case, the air flow is carried out due to the maximum (positive) pressure of the air flow at the bottom of the ventilated area. The exhaust openings are located at the top, in the area of ​​​​minimum (negative) pressure of the air flow. This arrangement of holes provides active air exchange in the entire volume of the attic space.

The lower (supply) ventilation openings can be arranged in the form of slit-like or point vents. The first is a narrow gap between the roof and the wall. Point (separate) vents are located in the cornice part of the wall above windows or piers. Exhaust holes in the roof ridge are made in the form of slots. In calm weather, the ventilation openings under the overhang carry out the flow of air, and in the ridge - its exhaust.

Required area ventilation holes calculated using a special method. At the same time, the volume of the under-roof space, the amount of heat entering it, climatic conditions building location. total area ventilation openings on the roof should be at least 1/500 of the area attic floor. That is, for every 1000 m 2 of the attic area, at least 2 m 2 of dormer windows and vents are made. Moreover, in order to create sufficient air draft square exhaust openings should be 10-15% larger than the area of ​​supply air. Dormer windows and air ducts should be located in such a way as to exclude the occurrence of local air stagnation zones.

To protect the attic from atmospheric precipitation, a TechnoNIKOL ridge aerator is installed above the ridge gap, which can be supplied together with a flexible shingles SHINGLAS. To prevent birds from penetrating under the roof, point ventilation holes are closed with a grate, and slit-like ones with a mesh or special strips (soffits). Euromet offers big choice and siding (, Vinylon, Deck, Nordside, etc.).

The attic ventilation system is arranged on buildings of any purpose, regardless of the configuration of the roof, material load-bearing structures and roofing. Particular attention, as noted by Euromet specialists, requires ventilation of dense roofs, as well as attics with hot water and heating pipes passing through them.

One of the important functions of slotted eaves is to ensure the safety of the lower elements of the roof: overhangs, battens, mauerlat, the bottom of the rafter legs. Due to their location, they experience the greatest adverse impact during operation.

Ventilation openings located at the bottom of the roof provide constant intensive ventilation of nearby structures. In addition, slotted eaves vents contribute to faster heating of the roof over the eaves during a thaw and free the gutters from ice.

Combined ventilation system pitched roofs should include the following main elements: air inlet openings located above the thermal insulation ventilation ducts and exhaust holes.

When facing cornice overhangs with siding, special soffit strips are used as ventilation.

If lining is used for sheathing, then ventilation gaps can be arranged in accordance with the figure below. When using this mounting structure, the installation of an anti-icing system is required.

The minimum height of ventilation gaps above thermal insulation for roofs with a slope of more than 20° is 50 mm. If the angle of inclination of the slope is less than 20 °, then the height of the gap is increased to 80 mm.

TechnoNIKOL solid ridge aerators or TechnoNIKOL point pitched aerators can be used as exhaust elements.

The wind protection material can be laid both in the direction roof slope, and parallel to the skate. If the roof has a slope of 1:5 or less, then Euromet specialists recommend laying the film along the slope. With a slope of more than 1:5, the sheets of windproof material can be placed parallel to the ridge. In this case, their laying starts from the bottom, from eaves overhang. The canvases are overlapped perpendicular to the truss system along the entire slope to the roof ridge. At the same time, the width of the overlap of the sheets should be at least 15 cm. For roofs with a complex configuration, it is more convenient to cut the material on the ground. On a flat slope, you can roll out a windproof film directly from the roll. When installing the wind protection layer, it is necessary to follow the recommendations of the material manufacturer. Do not confuse the front and back sides of the film.

The windproof material is pre-fixed with special staples (for example, aluminum Senzo P 10BMA) or stainless nails with wide hat. The distance between fasteners must be 200 mm. The canvases are finally fixed with the help of rails (beams), which are installed along the rafters. Galvanized nails 100 mm long are used as fasteners, the step between them is 300-350 mm. With a roof slope of 1:4 or more, a bar with a section of 50x50 mm is used, with a slope of less than 1:4 - 50x75 mm.

Reliable and solid roof is the key to the longevity of the residential building as a whole. However, the quality roof structure directly depends on the many nuances that should be taken into account when arranging it.

Is no exception and soft roofing, which is very popular in modern construction. Its installation requires taking into account many factors and competent arrangement various components, not least of which is played by efficient system ventilation. Without ensuring normal air exchange inside the roof structure, one can hardly count on the fact that it will serve for a long time and flawlessly.

Why do you need roof ventilation?

Ventilation system soft roof provides a number of important functions, such as:

• exchange of heat and air between inner space roofing and environment;
• prevention of condensation inside the roof structure, leading to damage and decay of its various elements;
• heat exchange between the under-roof space and the dwelling.

The lack of normal roof ventilation from a soft roof rather quickly affects its quality and functions, manifesting itself in the following:

• In the frosty season, warm air from the room, rising up, warms up the roofing. If there is snow on the roof, it begins to melt slowly, flowing down the slopes and forming icicles hanging on the eaves.
• As a result of exposure to heat from the living space on more than cold roof condensation forms in the under-roof space. The moisture that has appeared penetrates into the sheathing, truss and other structures, causing the spread of mold, fungi and putrefactive microorganisms.
• In hot summer season in the absence of normal ventilation, the heating of the roofing leads to a significant increase in temperature inside the dwelling itself.

The device of the ventilation system of the soft roof

In the past, during the construction of houses, the ventilation function of the under-roof space was assigned mainly to those equipped for this purpose. dormer windows. However, their effectiveness is usually insufficient, and in any case there are areas with poor ventilation. Therefore, more modern ventilation structures. In particular, one of the most effective options is the arrangement of a ventilated ridge for a soft roof.

The functioning of ridge ventilation occurs due to the process of convection, as a result of which warm air masses rise from the cornice upwards, and cold air, on the contrary, is pulled down. At the same time, the ventilation system has its own entry and exit zones. Air enters the under-roof space from below, through roof overhangs, and the ridge structure at the top serves as an exit point.

In order to prevent insects, small animals or dirt from penetrating through the roof overhangs with air, they are equipped with special strips, gratings or perforated soffits. As for the ridge for a soft roof at the top of the structure, it is advisable to mount it along the entire length of the roof to ensure full ventilation. Such a device of the ventilation ridge allows it to perform its functions as efficiently as possible, avoiding the appearance of zones with poor ventilation.

Installation of a ventilation ridge for a soft roof is carried out in one of two ways:

1. In the ridge structure of the roof, a gap is arranged along its entire length, on which a ridge element (usually triangular) with perforations or gaps on the sides is mounted on top.
2. A special ridge aerator is mounted along the upper edge of the roof. It is an element with a solid top and perforations on the sides, inside of which there is a filter that prevents precipitation, insects, leaves and dust from entering the ventilation space. Aerators usually have a length of 50-122 centimeters, so for laying along the entire length of the ridge, several of them are fastened together. From above, the ridge aerator is covered with shingles of a soft roof, which makes it invisible against the background of the roofing.

The material for the manufacture of modern ridge aerators is most often durable plastic, resistant to ultraviolet rays and temperature fluctuations. Rarely they are made of polyethylene. low pressure or polypropylene.

Independent production of a ridge aerator for a soft roof

Elements for arranging the ventilation system of a soft roof do not have to be purchased in ready-made. If you have certain skills and dexterity, you can make a ridge aerator with your own hands. Its device will be somewhat different from ready systems roof ventilation, in terms of efficiency, however, not inferior to them.

For the manufacture of ridge aerator you will need the following materials:

• bars with a section of 5 by 5 and a length of 30 centimeters;
• sheets of OSB or moisture resistant plywood;
• grid galvanized plaster.

Ventilated skate device

The manufacturing process of a ventilated ridge device itself consists of the following steps:

1. At the top of the ridge, a gap is cut for ventilation with a width of 3-5 centimeters. The gap is arranged along almost the entire length of the roof, with the exception of the last 15-20 centimeters at the end section. On both sides of it are left uncovered shingles sections 30 centimeters wide for stuffing bars.
2. A galvanized mesh is laid along the entire length of the gap, on both sides of it. To provide better filtration, it is desirable to cover the gap itself with a mesh.
3. On top of the grid to the right and left of the gap, bars are stuffed perpendicular to the ridge, at intervals of 30-50 centimeters.
4. From the side, the mesh is thrown over the bars from the bottom up.
5. On top of the bars and mesh, sheets of OSB or moisture-resistant plywood are stuffed.
6. OSB or plywood sheets overlap on the sides cornice plank. After that, the ventilated ridge itself can be considered ready, and all that remains is to cover it with bituminous tiles.
7. Stuffed over sheets lining carpet, and then sheets of soft tiles are laid on it.

It should be noted that commercially available ridge ventilation systems are usually affordable, and their installation is much easier, so it does not always make sense to take on them. independent production. Savings in most cases are unlikely to be very significant, and temporary losses can be quite significant.

Finally, it is worth mentioning that in some cases, ridge ventilation may not be enough to fully ventilate the under-roof space. In particular, when large sizes roofing is sometimes required additional installation point pitched aerators, capable of enhancing ventilation to ensure efficient air exchange.

Air movement under the roof covers the distance of the entire roof. And if the cornice vents meet the flow at the start, then the ventilation of the ridge ensures a long-awaited finish. Enriched with heat and moisture, the air carries them away, leaving the roof dry and “working”. So, well protecting their owners from the troubles of the weather.

How to organize the correct ventilation of the skate.

The technical design of the ridge strip depends on the roofing, the complexity of the ribs and the basic roof ventilation scheme. Flooring waterproofing film in a double-circuit scheme, it breaks 10 cm before the ridge beam. The lumen releases moisture from the lower ventilation gap. The membrane in one contour is laid continuously.

With an insulated mansard roof, an unheated space is formed over the wired ceiling - a “cold triangle”. It is ventilated through the ridge ventilation only with the waterproofing cut. If the outflow is blocked by a membrane, then dormer windows are additionally installed in the gables. The calculation of the window airflow is 1/400 of the floor area (S is not less than 0.05 m2). A through flow is organized by at least two windows. The opening is covered with blinds for free access of the wind.

The nature of the roofing requires more aesthetic load from the ventilation of the ridge. Therefore ready technical systems here combined with decorative elements. Beauty outside, and inside - a full-fledged air exchange and protection from blowing snow under the roof.

Ready ridge ventilation systems.

Edge ceramic roof decorated with ridge tiles. Each sits on a personal brace. The whole row rests on a ridge rail, on top of which a sealing metallized tape is laid. It protects the air from above, and passes air well from the inside.

Ready item for euroslate has a wide wing of 25 cm and does not require a protective tape. The waves of the roofing material create the necessary ventilation of the ridge. A similar technique for asbestos-cement slate.

Coating from metal tiles and professional flooring on the edge it is glued with a ventilation cloth. The decorative part is bent from flat metal to the specified dimensions and shapes.

Soft bitumen roofs have ridge slats, metal or plastic. The end cut helps to bend the element at a different angle of the roof. From above, the plastic is closed by the main material. The ventilation of the ridge in the bar goes through a network of gratings.

Flooring seam roof it is covered with a ridge made of smooth metal, which rises above the base due to additional bars. The air hole is protected by a PVC mesh. This is the most “free” scheme for ridge ventilation.

On corrugated forms along the perimeter of the ridge strip, the gap is covered by sealing tapes (polyethylene foam). They fill the recesses of the flooring to protect the space under the roof. But seals work well only in summer, and then in the early years. The porous texture is quickly clogged with dust and snow. The air flow is blocked.

Snow and wind are the main culprits of the "stalled" ventilation of the ridge in temperate latitudes. They often complicate the life of already difficult to ventilate complex roofs.

Auxiliary ventilation of the ridge.

The air flow rests on the kinks and turns of the roof, and there are plenty of such obstacles on the way to the edge. Additional air elements enhance under-roof ventilation at the level of the ridge.

• Aerohorse is installed with the expectation that in winter there will be less than 3-5 cm of snow on it, otherwise the ventilation is blocked.


• Ridge valves benefit from being elevated above the surface of the main ridge. Mounted with a run-up of 3 m from each other. The work of ridge nozzles is enhanced by under-roof valves. They are installed closer to the ridge at the rate of 1*50 m2.


• Vent outputs work all year round and adapted to different conditions. Cylinders rise above the roof by 15-50 cm, which saves from snow drifts. Ventilation outlets are selected for any roofing material. Slope angle 0°- 50°.

The number of ventilation outlets depends on the complexity of the roof: the presence of ribs, valleys, the angle of the roof. The task is to eliminate stagnation of air at the breaks and maintain a natural flow. Uniform ventilation with outlets is more practical than installing forced fans. The fan sucks in air from where it stretches easier - on complex elements remain "musty" areas.

The combination works well on the roof - full ventilation of the ridge and additional elements to enhance airflow. If one suffers in some winter, then the rest will continue to work. The space under the roof will then remain completely protected from condensate.

15.12.2017

Ventilated skate design

A ventilated (breathing) ridge is equipped on the upper horizontal edge of the roof, along the line connecting the slopes. It differs from the usual ridge by the presence of through holes for the exit of warm air from the under-roof space.

A necessary component of this solution is the ventilation gap, which is cut through the roof ridge. A ridge element (usually triangular in shape) with perforations along the side walls is mounted on top of this gap. Its task is to close the ventilation gap, ensuring the tightness of the roof in terms of infiltration of atmospheric moisture and insects into the holes, and, at the same time, allow warm air from interior spaces freely go outside. This ridge element, as well as the structure it completes, is called a ventilated ridge.

The principle of operation of ridge ventilation

Ridge ventilation operates on the principle of convection (mixing) air masses. Warm and moisture-saturated air coming from the interior of the house rises up towards the roof ridge. There he seeks to find a way out. And it finds it if there are holes in the ridge (that is, if there is a ventilated ridge).

However, simply by providing perforation in the ridge, it is impossible to achieve ventilation of the under-roof space. Any ventilation system starts only if there is an extract and air supply. If a ventilated ridge is responsible for the hood, then the gaps left in the area of ​​the cornice overhangs are used for the influx of cold air.

To do this, perforated spotlights and ventilation grilles are used in the filing of overhangs. Now everything is put in its place. Cold air enters through the vents in the overhangs, heats up and saturates wet steam. Then it gradually rises up in the direction of the ridge and goes out. A draft is created and a new portion of cold air is drawn in through the vents. Thus, a continuous circulation of air masses and ventilation of the under-roof space is ensured.

And why is it necessary to ventilate the under-roof space at all? Maybe you can do without it? Let warm wet air goes up and stays there... Unfortunately, this option threatens with many troubles: roof leaks, deterioration thermal insulation properties insulation, rotting wooden elements(rafters, battens), damage to bituminous tiles.

The fact is that warm, moist vapors that rise up and do not find a way out, condense in the under-roof space with a temperature difference between the street and the room. Steam forms many microscopic droplets of water that settle on the crate, rafters, and insulation. As a result rafter system starts to rot, the insulation is destroyed.

In winter, the accumulation of warm air in the under-roof space leads to a large temperature difference on the inside and outer surface roofs. Snow on such a roof periodically thaws, forming ice and icicles. This causes the bituminous tiles to leak, damp and crack.

It should be noted that the construction of a ventilated ridge (and a system in general forced ventilation) is more relevant for warm attics and residential attics, that is, where a heater is laid in the under-roof space. Cold attics are perfectly ventilated through dormer windows.

Thus, ventilation system for soft roofing warm attic or residential attic is a must. And the most effective method its arrangement is the construction of a ventilated ridge, which allows you to ventilate the under-roof space along its entire length.

Ventilated skate options

A ventilated ridge is constructed in two ways:

1. A special ridge aerator is installed along the upper edge of the roof. He is plastic element with a one-piece top and perforations on the sides. Inside the ventilation there is a filter that prevents precipitation, insects, dust from entering the under-roof space. The aerator can have a length of 0.5-1.22 m. For laying along the entire length of the ridge, the aerators are fastened together, obtaining a continuous ventilated element. So that at the end of the installation it is invisible on the roof, it plastic surface top covered with bituminous shingles.
2. A ridge with gaps is formed, which is a direct continuation of the roof structure. On the upper part of the slopes, bars are installed (like a crate), on top they are covered with a triangular element made of plywood or OSB. Thus, gaps are formed on the sides of the ridge (between the bars), through which an exit is provided warm air. From above, the surface of the ridge, as well as in the first case, is covered with roofing material.

In any case, regardless of the version, the ventilated ridge must have the following properties:
- Let air vapor through. To do this, a ventilation gap of the required width (usually 40-50 mm) is cut on the roof structure along the ridge, through which free air exit is ensured. The ventilation gap is blocked from above ridge element(aerator or homemade design) with vents in the side parts.
- Protect the under-roof space from precipitation, melting snow. The design of the ridge should prevent the seepage of melt and rain water through it.
- Protect the under-roof space from dust, insects, small rodents.
- let it evaporate excess moisture from the premises.

Consider how a ventilated skate can be arranged.

Installing a finished ridge aerator

This version of the ventilation ridge device is the simplest. It is a fastening (overlapping) of a ridge aerator along the entire length of the roof ridge, over the ventilation gap.

In this case, more than half of the success depends on right choice aerator. In order not to get into a mess, you should stop at the structures well-known manufacturers, for example, Ridge Master and Ventline ridge aerators have proven themselves to be excellent.

The aerator installation technology usually looks like this. In the skate, they initially form (leave free place) or cut out a vent, 40-50 mm wide. If a ridge beam is installed on the ridge, then two cuts of 20-25 mm are made - on both sides of the beam. In any case, the ventilation slot should not reach the edges of the slopes (pediments) by 150 mm on both sides, so as not to disturb the cornice crate.

To the rooftops complex shapes slightly different clearance rules apply. On the hip roof, two gaps of 20 mm are cut on both sides of the ridge board. The total length of the slot is 40 mm. Two gaps of 150 mm are left uncut at both ends of the ridge.

On T and L-shaped roofs, the ventilation slot of the long ridge is made according to the above instructions. The slot of the short ridge ends 300 mm before the long ridge and 150 mm before the eaves.

In the presence of chimney, the ventilation gap is cut, not reaching it 300 mm. Although the aerator is subsequently mounted to the pipe itself.

The width and allowable length of the vents may vary slightly depending on the design and manufacturer of the ridge aerator. But the principle of their device remains the same.

After that, the cut gap is cleaned of sawing waste. And the aerator is installed in the center of the gap and fixed with galvanized roofing nails through special holes provided for fasteners. The length of the nails should allow fastening to the lower roof lathing.

Usually, the aerator begins to be fixed from one end of the ridge, flush with the edge of the gable cornice. And they finish the mount - from the other end of the ridge. That is, regardless of the fact that the ventilation slot begins at a distance of 15-30 cm from the edges of the ridge, the aerator is mounted along its entire length. This approach increases the decorativeness of the ridge, allows it not to stand out from the general structure of the roof. At the same time, the installation of an aerator only above the ventilation slot works just as well. The only thing is that the aerator on such a roof will be more noticeable.

If necessary, a ventilated ridge is assembled from several aerators, connecting them together. If the installation of the ridge is carried out in the cold season, small gaps of 3 mm must be left between the elements to compensate for thermal expansion.

Then a row is laid out on top of the ridge aerator ridge tiles, the color of which matches or is combined with the color of an ordinary tile. Ridge tile petals are obtained by dividing the shingles ridge cornice tiles along the perforation lines.

The resulting petals are folded in half, put on a ridge and nailed - 4 pieces for each tile. Installation is carried out with an overlap. Each subsequent petal is superimposed on the previous petal superimposed on the previous one with an overlap of 50% to completely cover the nail heads.

The aerator, covered with flexible tiles, is practically invisible on the roof and looks like a single whole with it.

The process of installing a ridge aerator and then covering it with shingles is recorded on video:


Independent production of a ventilated skate

Purchase and installation finished aerator- not the only way to build a ventilated skate. With proper skill, it can be made completely independently, without buying any specialized elements. Optimal Width such a ridge is 50 cm, the width of the ventilation gap is 50 mm.

Materials used:
- galvanized plaster grid;
- bars 50 * 50 mm (will provide a ventilation gap of 50 mm);
- OSB or moisture resistant plywood;
- plank eaves/end;
- lining carpet, flexible tiles.

For the ridge device, proceed as follows:

1. In the ridge, a ventilation gap is cut in a straight line, 30-50 mm wide, not reaching at least 150 mm to the edge of the ridge.
2. On both sides of the gap (on the slopes), strips of galvanized mesh are fixed, which will later be tucked behind the bars and serve as protection against dust and insects entering the under-roof space. To make the filtration system more reliable, the mesh web is also fixed over the ventilation gap.
3. From above, through the ridge, 50 * 50 bars are stuffed on both sides of the roof - they will form ventilation side vents (gaps) and, at the same time, play the role of a crate for the surface of the ventilation ridge.
4. Strips of mesh are thrown over the bars, sheets of OSB or plywood are stuffed on top, 450-500 mm wide.
5. On the sides, sheets of OSB or plywood are covered with an end / cornice strip. After that, the skate is almost ready, finishing touch- overlapping of a continuous surface with petals of a flexible tile.
6. On solid crate a lining carpet is stuffed, and on it - tiles of ridge-cornice tiles. Fastening is carried out using roofing nails, in the usual way for flexible tiles.

Many practicing builders believe that making a ventilated ridge with the method described above is a better ventilation option than installing a factory aerator. Often it lasts longer, is less susceptible to mechanical damage and the harmful effects of temperature extremes.

After watching a short video story, the device of such a ventilated skate will become clear:

In conclusion, I would like to note that a not always ventilated ridge is able to fully circulate air masses and ventilate the under-roof space. With large slopes, a ventilated skate is not enough. The extraction process will work poorly. In such cases, it is additionally necessary to install pitched point aerators, which can strengthen the hood and, accordingly, improve the quality of ventilation.