Types of balconies and loggias. Types of glazing of balconies and loggias, facades in St. Petersburg. Disadvantages of warm glazing
Almost impossible to imagine modern world any building without a loggia or balcony. Even if they do not carry any economic function, they are necessarily an addition to the interior of the facade of the house.
In this case big role plays views of balconies. It is on how well it is selected that the aesthetics of the external appearance of the facade will depend. Therefore, it is necessary to understand this issue in detail.
Balconies by the way they are arranged
Types of balconiesBy and large, a balcony is a platform, which consists of a concrete slab (base) and a fence. But appearance balcony may differ depending on the method of its construction.
- Console. Basically, such balconies can be found in residential buildings last century. The name comes from what is supported by special consoles fixed in the wall. Mounting depth at least 40 cm.
- Instead of mounting several consoles, a monolithic console plate is often used. That is, instead of conventional stove a cantilever is installed, which is pinched between the ceilings.
- On supports. Such designs are very interesting. They are equipped with the help of supports, deepened into the soil. It is thanks to them that you can significantly increase, and give the supports themselves original design in the form of columns. But there are also disadvantages of this type of balcony. It cannot be equipped above the level of the second floor, since inconsistency may arise in the process of settling the foundation of the house and supports, which will lead to a skewing of the slab.
- Attached types of balconies are more modern type, the fastening of which is carried out using special side supports. In order to reduce the load, additional racks are installed in front of the plate.
- Attached. Fastening is provided using basic consoles. In this case, there is also a need to equip the front racks.
- Mounted. The fastening device is carried out due to special metal structures on which a balcony slab is hung.
A monolithic cantilever slab is not suitable for houses built from expanded clay, gas blocks or foam blocks. These types of materials are not able to withstand a significant lateral load.
Under the racks in the attached type, a foundation is necessarily made.
Balconies according to the method of their glazing
With the help of glazing balconies, you can organize not only their protection from climatic conditions and create comfort indoors, but also provide unique design balcony structure. Glazing types are classified very broadly, from the structure of the structure to the material used for these purposes.
For cold glazing, light double-glazed windows are used. This type of glazing is used in cases where the balcony room must be closed from dust, wind, rain and snow. Cold glazing elements are light profiles with single-chamber double-glazed windows. Most often, wood or aluminum structures are used for profiles. Structures of this type benefit from the following parameters:
- ease of installation;
- small price;
- low weight, which reduces the load on the floors;
- enough high degree illumination;
- aesthetic appearance.
But, choosing this type of glazing, you should be aware of its disadvantages:
- the temperature on the balcony with cold glazing is only a couple of degrees different from the street temperature;
- in heat and direct hits sun rays additional protection is needed;
- in some cases, the installation of mosquito nets is excluded.
Warm glazing
For this type of glazing, double or triple glazing is used. The warm type of glazing of balconies has become very popular lately. This is due to the fact that using this species protection of the balcony room and after additional insulation fences and walls, a variant of the device of a full-fledged living space is possible.
For its arrangement, aluminum profiles with built-in heat-insulating inserts and two- or three-chamber double-glazed windows are used.
The benefits include:
- security comfortable temperature in winter time;
- reliable sound insulation;
- protection against moisture ingress;
- beautiful aesthetic design.
But still there is a serious drawback in this species. This type of glazing is heavy enough that it cannot be used for installation in every home.
french balcony
Very often we meet such a thing as a balcony French type, but little is known of its significance. So, is more design decision which has nothing to do with its practical application. About types, see this video:
There is no balcony space as such, its greatest width is a small ledge on which a person's foot can fit. The fence is most often metal, although wood is not excluded.
Settled right in front of the glazed part of the main room. From the French balcony you can admire the beauties of the area that are visible from your home.
Each of us represents our housing in a certain light, and a significant role is given to the presence of a balcony or loggia. It is here that you can spend quiet cozy evenings over a cup. delicious tea Or reading an interesting book. Here you can go out to air, think, breathe fresh air. Many take this place in the apartment great importance, often making redevelopment and changing the appearance of housing. This is purely individual approach. At the same time, the concepts of balcony and loggia are often confused. What is the difference, we will learn from this article.
The concept of a balcony and its types
To begin with, we will deal with such a concept as a balcony.
What is a balcony?
The balcony is building structure, which is attached with only one side to the facade. It is believed that loggias in this regard are safer and more convenient, but first things first.
The balcony is quite difficult to insulate due to the fact that this is not provided for by the design. In addition, forcing this place with heavy objects is not recommended. At the same time, it can be glazed at your discretion, thereby it will become cozier and more comfortable there, bad weather will not be terrible. However, it should be borne in mind that this can darken the room.
Types of balconies
Consider what types of balconies are and their distinctive characteristics.
Typical balconies
This type of balconies can be found in Soviet-era Soviet-built houses. It consists of a concrete slab protruding forward and enclosed by an iron grating. Some close metal grate slate. When glazing, the grating is removed and covered with stainless plates.
french balconies
This type of balcony is now rare, but in old houses a similar design can still be seen. Such a balcony is limited only by the front ledge, on which you can put one foot. To date, such balconies are not in demand during construction due to their insecurity.
Some experts call French balconies, which are glazed from top to bottom, so that a lot of light enters the room.
Wrought iron balconies
This type of balconies got its name due to the forged ornament. But it can also be glazed at your discretion, removing the metal forging.
Modern balconies
Modern construction brings its own adjustments to the usual view of the balcony, but at the same time, the balcony still remains an open space. True, now more and more developers glaze balconies during the construction phase, thereby increasing the cost of an apartment, but at the same time minimizing the costs of future apartment owners for their arrangement.
Balcony: a building structure attached to one side of a building's façadeThe concept of a loggia and its varieties
Let us dwell on the definition of the concept of "loggia"
What is a loggia?
A loggia is a part of a room, limited by one or two sides, it is also called a separate extension. Such designs were very popular in Asian countries and saved a lot from the hot sun. Today, the loggia is often an additional room, or kitchen. This is possible if its area allows. If this is difficult, then the loggia is combined with the room, while demolishing the wall. Such an event must be coordinated with the relevant authorities.
The advantage is that the loggia can be insulated, for example. Make underfloor heating. In addition, as a rule, there is an exit to the loggia not from one room, but from two or three rooms.
What are the loggias?
There are not so many varieties of this design, but experts nevertheless distinguish two types - semicircular and ordinary.
Semicircular loggias
They got their name because of the shape of the window. As a rule, in such loggias, an eker is installed - an oval-shaped window.
Ordinary loggias
Such balconies have rectangular shape, limited concrete slabs and glazed only in front.
Differences between a balcony and a loggia
We analyzed such concepts as a balcony and a loggia. What is the difference will be described below.
The position of the balcony and loggia relative to the room
As we found out from the definition, the balcony protrudes from the facade of the building, and the loggia is part of it. The latter is in the same plane with the facade of the building, this is provided for by the design. french balcony does not apply here, outwardly it also resembles a loggia, but it is not.
The number of open sides of the balcony and loggia
The loggia, unlike the balcony, has one open side, the outer one. There are three of them at the balcony - external and two side ones.
Possible arrangement of a loggia and a balcony
Arranging a loggia is much easier and more options than a balcony. Due to its closeness, it equates to a separate room, in which you can carry out heating, put furniture, and much more. To do this on the balcony is somewhat difficult.
Loggia and balcony area
At the balcony, the area is limited by load-bearing structures. The loggia depends on the project construction organization, so its dimensions may fluctuate. The loggia can be large enough even to make a greenhouse there or accommodate kitchen set. It all depends on the intent of the architect.
Reliability of the balcony and loggia
When operating a balcony, it is important to observe one very important recommendation: fill it with unnecessary things as little as possible, especially if they are quite heavy. Balconies are not designed for this. Loggias in this regard are more reliable, since the load is evenly distributed over its entire area.
It is important to understand the differences between a balcony and a loggia precisely because the final cost of an apartment can directly depend on the type of “exit” to the street. The loggia is considered more expensive and its sales coefficient is higher. But at the same time, a glazed balcony is not inferior in cost to a loggia, since its glazing requires more materials. The choice is always yours.
To date, there are various types of glazing balconies. Based on the fact that the glazing of loggias and balconies is done once for many years, you should thoroughly study all the little things in order to correctly select the type of glazing that you need and monitor the quality of the work carried out by specialists when glazing loggias and balconies.
Traditionally for glazing balconies and loggias are offered various options glazing are sliding and hinged systems.
This option of glazing balconies and loggias allows you to effectively solve the problem of heat conservation. You should be aware that heat "leaks" through windows in two directions: through cracks and through glass.
According to experts, the choice of material from which the box and frames are constructed does not have a significant effect on heat transfer. Of course, the heat transfer coefficient of wood and metal has a significant difference, but the total surface area that the box and frames “cover” is insignificant compared to the glazing area. Based on this, according to the criterion of thermal protection, the quality of the frames is not determined by the material itself, it is determined by the quality of their direct manufacture, the accuracy of the "fit", which as a result will lead to the absence of cracks.
In this option, only factory frames should be used. They are perfectly fitted to the box, as a rule, it is not possible to visually detect cracks. It remains to solve only one nuance - the "exit" of heat through the glass.
In practice balcony glazing double-glazed windows are not usually used. This is due to the fact that the frames are very massive and quite expensive. Therefore, either double frames or frames with double glass are mounted.
But still, the box and frames turn out to be very bulky and when installed on the balcony railing, they do not look very nice.
Application of metal frames
The metal structure is attached to the balcony by welding. Glasses have rounded shape, edged rubber seal. The construction is pretty solid.
When installing wooden frames nevertheless, it must be observed technological process installation of balcony frames - process seams and joints silicone sealant, mounting foam, strengthen the window sill and visor.
But there are significant drawbacks. Since the metal has poor resistance to corrosion, it must be monitored, that is, periodically cleaned and painted, and this leads to some waste. Money. In this case, locking devices very often fail. Because of this, some companies that are engaged in glazing loggias and balconies immediately mount ordinary bolts instead of standard locking devices.
In addition, this type of glazing “holds” heat worse and has the lowest ratio of glass area to the area of the entire glazing structure. It has a spectacular external appearance, but the view from the inside is less aesthetic. The positive properties of this type of glazing include a relatively low cost.
So, the above types of glazing can be attributed to standard options. Now let's look at the most modern and more aesthetic types of glazing, which are used both for loggias and balconies.
Aluminum profile for glazing
Glazing of balconies and loggias using an aluminum profile has become widespread today.
The advantages of this material include:
- high strength (7 times stronger than wood);
- high fire safety;
- excellent resistance to mechanical influences and impact environment;
- aesthetic appearance.
There is a sliding (sliding) and swing design. glaze the balcony hinged design much more difficult, moreover, it is necessary to use more expensive components. Based on this, glazing will turn out to be twice as expensive as compared to a sliding structure. The quality of glazing will largely depend on the quality of installation and profile (its design advantages).
Loggias and balconies, which are glazed with aluminum profiles, transmit light well and are able to protect the balcony from precipitation and wind. Already in early spring, on a sunny day, the temperature on the loggia will allow you to bring seedlings and indoor flowers to it, and in summer time, for example, grow good harvest tomatoes.
The profile has a small width and a wide range of colors.
Variety of aluminum profile systems
Consider the two most common systems for glazing loggias and balconies: the Spanish Provedal and the Vidnovsky profile. The differences between these two systems are the design features of the components (locks, rollers, seals, handles).
Provedal uses rollers only on bearings, this guarantees long term operation and noticeably smooth running. The Vidnov system uses rollers without bearings. This, of course, complicates the movement of the valves, which entails their rapid wear and jamming.
The locks in the Provedal system are provided by the designers, they are very easy to use, easy to open and close from the inside, do not allow the sash to be opened from the outside. At the same time, these locks are quite organically inscribed in the design. The Vidnovskaya system does not provide for locks in its design.
In Provedal, the seal is made of a special grade of rubber, which does not wear out over time, is resistant to the environment (does not break down from frost and does not emit bad smell at high temperature on the street).
To disadvantages sliding structures, in addition to poor thermal insulation of a loggia or balcony, it can be attributed to the fact that the lower guide (carrier) is poorly protected from precipitation. The Vidnov system does not even provide openings for the possibility of bringing water out, because of this, the movement of the valves is sometimes difficult.
Of course, the use of ordinary, rather than reinforced or tempered glass, can lead to very deplorable consequences in the event of natural disasters, etc. However, reinforced and tempered glass, due to its high cost, is used in their production by no more than 1% of domestic manufacturers.
PVC profile for glazing
PVC windows have an excellent reputation. But for glazing balconies PVC frames quite bulky. Based on this, manufacturers make special frames for balconies. As a rule, they are sliding - do not have all the advantages window frames PVC.
Of course, if you wish, you can turn the loggia into small room, while carrying out a whole range of thermal insulation measures. It makes sense to install a PVC thermal profile equipped with double glazing. Since PVC glazing frames are heavy, they can only be installed on a brick or concrete fence.
When planning the type and number plastic sashes it must be taken into account that the sashes that come off in a rotary way should have a small width so that in the open position they do not “pick up” the already not very large area balcony.
The opening sash must be located in such a way that it is possible to wash without danger to health. outer surface blind sash. It should also be taken into account that the total number of plastic opening sashes significantly increases the cost of the entire glazing structure.
Bring at least estimated cost one square meter PVC balcony glazing is quite difficult, as the price fluctuates very widely.
Frameless balcony glazing
Frameless glazing scheme - 1. Top cover; 2. upper tide; 3. System of double row rollers on ball bearings; 4. Top aluminum (bearing) profile; 5. Top brush seal; 6. Top glass profile; 7. Tempered glass; 8. Bottom glass profile; 9. Bottom silicone seal; 10. Lower aluminum (guide) profile; 11. Lower ebb; 12. Lower barrier
Frameless balcony glazing designs are the most progressive type today. They look like solid glass wall, because they have no uprights or frames. They do not destroy the architectural design in elite and old buildings and do not exacerbate the diversity of the facade of an ordinary high-rise building.
The basis of the design is an aluminum profile that runs along the perimeter of the opening of the loggia or balcony. The lower and upper profiles serve as guides for all glass doors. Moreover, the profile, which is located at the top, is the carrier. A roller mechanism carrying the sash moves along the two shelves built into it.
Particularly strong glass is used for the sashes. As a rule, this is tempered boron glass, which has a grade M 6 and a thickness of 6 mm. The maximum permitted height of these sashes is no more than 210 cm. If higher sashes are required, glass with a thickness of 8 mm is used, due to the increase in the windage of the sash. This is especially true when glazing a loggia or balcony on the upper floors. multi-storey buildings where they will experience high wind loads.
https://youtu.be/yL5_OTqmXJ4
On the loggia, along its edges, the shifted doors will fold into their space. In this form, it is very convenient to wipe them, while remaining at a safe distance from the balcony railing.
The mechanisms of movement of the valves, with the help of ebbs, visors and water-repellent lubricants, are quite reliably protected from moisture ingress into them. However, the whole structure, by definition, is not particularly highly impermeable. Through small cracks on the loggia or balcony, street air can seep.
Once a year, you need to treat the guides and roller mechanisms with a silicone spray.
We will send the material to you by e-mail
The presence of a balcony or loggia in the apartment is considered a great plus, and for good reason. This place can be arranged as your heart desires, used as an additional room for a specific purpose. But let's clarify, together with the editors of the online magazine, the site, what is it about: a balcony and a loggia, what is the difference and whether it is significant.
Balcony and loggia - what is it in terms of design and decorative functions
If a thing or object has two names, then this most likely means that there are some features and differences in their structure or design. So it is with such concepts as a balcony and a loggia. talking plain language, a balcony is called a slab with a railing protruding beyond the perimeter of the building, and a loggia is a direct part of the building.
The number of storeys of houses grew, the number of balconies and loggias, too, depending on the wishes of the architects and the type of construction.
Typical and modern types of loggias
What is the name of the balcony inside the house? The beautiful word loggia, which has roots in Italian("loggia").
Since this is not a remote structure, it can be turned into a full-fledged part of the room or a concrete screed can be made on the floor, and furniture can be placed on it.The loggia space is either left open or glazed.
What is the difference between a balcony and a loggia in an apartment in terms of design parameters
Let us consider in more detail all the nuances and differences of the mentioned architectural structures.
By way of adjoining to the main room
To understand the difference between the balcony design and the Florentine architectural solution, it is enough to look at how they adjoin the facade of the building. The balcony will always protrude from the wall of the house, and the loggia is in harmony with the facade, being its built-in part.
By the number of sides open for review, and the size
If you look from the side of geometry, then the balcony is open to three sides of the street, has a standard size of 3275 × 800 mm. Basically, the width of the balcony is standard.
The loggia is open to the street with only one side, less often two (with corner location). The base is always slabs, most often with a size of 1200 × 5800 mm.
Nuance! Most often, one plate falls on two loggias.
According to possible loads on the structure and methods of arrangement
The security of the loggia will be higher in any case, since it is not hinged structure, and part of the building, and the load is distributed evenly on three sides.Due to the method of adjoining the facade, the balcony has limitations in terms of load and arrangement possibilities.
What is the difference between a balcony and a loggia when calculating the area of \u200b\u200bthe apartment
The correct definition of the loggia and balcony will help calculate the cost of housing. Loggia coefficient lowering: 0.5. At the balcony - 0.3.If there is a “French” balcony, it is pointless to calculate the coefficient, since it does not have a usable and significant area.
What is the difference between a loggia and a balcony according to the law
We found out the differences between a loggia or a balcony by type of construction, it remains to find out what is the difference between them according to the letter of the law.
The entire territory from the load-bearing wall to another of the same type, slabs and fences of the summer area of housing are classified as private property. It turns out that from the point of view of the law, both constructions are equal.
Additional information on the arrangement of balconies and loggias
AT Soviet times loggias were glazed and used as a place for hanging linen, a smoking room, and even as a warehouse for unnecessary things. But why waste precious meters today, if you can equip both the loggia and the balcony so that it will be the most favorite place in the apartment?
Interesting ideas for decorating a loggia with photo examples
Let's plunge into the world of other people's ideas and solutions: if there is already additional space, you can remake it into part of the room, insulate it, glaze it, turn it into a cozy veranda or study.
Design of balconies in a private house with photo examples
For the design of balcony structures in modern construction use plastic, glass, wood and metal. Artistic forged patterns become a wonderful architectural decoration. Plastic is the least beautiful, but this finish will cost the least. Most owners of balconies try to glaze them, thus turning the space closed from the weather.
Article
According to the material of the main structure(slabs) balconies and loggias can be reinforced concrete or wooden(only for low-rise buildings). Steel can be used as other load-bearing elements (pillars, beams, hangers).
According to the method of construction balconies and loggias are divided into performed from prefabricated slabs, from bulk blocks, in a monolithic design.
The classification of slabs of balconies and loggias is made according to the constructive solution, according to the method of leaning on the supporting structures and the nature of the work.
By design decision plates are divided into:
flat multi-hollow(only prefabricated loggia slabs);
flat solid(prefabricated, monolithic, prefabricated-monolithic);
ribbed(prefabricated and monolithic).
According to the method of support and the nature of the work, the slabs of balconies and loggias are divided into:
console- slabs pinched in the wall on one side, on two adjacent sides, or on one completely and partially on two opposite sides (part of the slab is a console);
beam- plates supported on two opposite or three sides.
Balcony slabs (Fig. 10.2) subdivided into the following types:
Flat solid beams;
Flat solid cantilever;
Ribbed cantilever.
Loggia slabs (Fig. 10.2) subdivided into types:
Flat solid beams;
Flat solid cantilever;
Ribbed beams;
Flat multihollow beams.
The balcony consists of the following main elements: supporting structure (slab), floor, fence. Loggias have the same elements as balconies (slab, floor, railing), as well as side walls.
The coordination length of the slabs is assigned within 1.2-7.2 m. The coordination width of the slabs: for balconies - 0.9-1.8 m; for loggias - 1.2-3.0 m. The structural thickness of the plates is taken as a multiple of 20 mm within 100-220 mm.
Plates are made with mounting loops and embedded parts. The upper front surface of the slabs must have a slope (from the outer walls) of at least 1%. Flat beam slabs longer than 4.5 m are made prestressed.
Prefabricated slabs are made with finished upper front surfaces of one of the following types:
With a smooth or glossy concrete surface;
With polished mosaic finishing layer;
with cladding ceramic tiles or natural stone tiles.
Balconies
In modern practice, the following design schemes of balconies are used (Fig. 10.3)
Rice. 10.3. Structural schemes balconies:
a - console; b - attached; in - attached; g - hinged frame; d - hinged from bulk blocks; e - on cantilever beams; g - on brackets; h - on the consoles of the floor beams;
1 - balcony slab; 2 - overlap; 3 - fittings; 4 - frame rack;
5 - crossbar frame; 6 - fastening element; 7 - steel frame; 8 - brace (suspension); 9 - anchor suspension; 10 - emphasis; 11 - beam console; 12 - embedding the beam into the wall; 13 - floor beam; 14 - inner wall; 15 - insulation lining
1. Cantilevered. The reinforcement of a monolithic concrete slab of a balcony is connected to the reinforcement of a monolithic or prefabricated monolithic ceiling with the help of special elements that combine reinforcing bars, stops and a thermally insulating bar made of expanded polystyrene (fig.10.3.); this solution makes it possible to ensure the operation of the balcony slab as a console, at the same time excluding the formation of a cold bridge (Fig. 10.3. a).
2. Attached. The balcony slab is connected to the floor slab in the same way as the console version; in addition, it rests on the outside on the racks or frame crossbar (Fig. 10.3.b). Racks rest on a columnar foundation arranged under the balconies. This scheme is used for buildings up to 5 floors and is cost-effective.
3. Attached. The scheme is used for reconstructed objects, as well as for newly constructed buildings. Supports of the supporting frame are attached and attached to the outer wall of the building, and the front posts are based columnar foundations (Fig. 10.3. c). The load is distributed on the walls and front posts, which allows the use of attached balconies of any configuration and size for buildings up to 100 m high.
4. Hinged frame from steel profiles (Fig. 10.3. d). It is advisable to use such balconies in cases where it is impossible to use support posts (for example, over driveways). With the help of special fasteners, the frame is mounted (hung) on the walls of buildings up to 12 m high.
5. Mounted from bulk reinforced concrete elements(Fig. 10.3. e). It is intended for medium-rise buildings with monolithic transverse walls, into which steel suspensions of volumetric blocks of balconies are embedded.
6. On cantilever beams(Fig. 10.3. e). Reinforced concrete or steel beams are embedded in the internal transverse walls of the building and cantilevered outside. On these consoles, a beam-type balcony slab is supported on two sides. To avoid the formation of a cold bridge, the beams are lined with slab insulation.
7. On brackets(Fig. 10.3.g). Reinforced concrete various shapes decorated brackets are suspended from the outer wall, closing the pendants in the inner transverse walls.
8. On the consoles of floor beams(Fig. 10.3. h). It is advisable to design such balconies for low-rise buildings with beam ceilings, especially with wood. When using steel beams, it becomes necessary to cover them from the outside with slab insulation to eliminate the formation of a cold bridge.
For protruding (cantilever) balcony slabs in modern construction, special heat-insulating elements with connecting fittings(Fig. 10.4). Standard elements 1 m long (0.2 m - additional) consist of polystyrene foam bars 80 mm wide and section height 160-250 mm, which corresponds to the thickness of the balcony slab. In the transverse direction of their upper zone, reinforcing bars with a diameter of 8-10 mm are embedded with outlets to the sides up to 1.5 m. These bars are designed to work in tension. In the lower zone there are steel stops (thrust bearings) with caps in different sides. The rods for the perception of transverse forces in the body of the insulating bar are inclined at an angle of 45°. To ensure the fire resistance of the structure, the polystyrene beam is lined with a slab of low-combustible material (G1) from above and below.
The use of load-bearing heat-insulating elements with connecting fittings allows:
Run a balcony slab in a monolithic or precast-monolithic version;
Effectively isolate the balcony slab from the ceiling according to the requirements of building physics;
Select a static (calculated) balcony scheme;
combine standard (100 cm) and additional (20 cm) modular elements to select the required width of the balcony slab.
In the practice of construction of low-rise buildings, other, in addition to those considered, are implemented. Constructive decisions balconies: attic balcony, for the formation of which the lower part of the attic window leans outward to vertical position with the formation of a fence on the sides, and the upper part of the window rises to rest on the underlying supporting structures of the bay window, or porch; with suspension to load-bearing structures roofs. Thanks to the use of solid or separate balconies in high-rise buildings it is possible to achieve the solution of original facade structures and their plasticity
Loggias
In the practice of designing and mass construction of civil multi-storey buildings, loggias are widely used. By functional purpose loggias should be considered on a par with living quarters. They increase total area apartments, serve for recreation and perform various household functions. The loggia area is included in the total area of the apartment with a reduction factor of 0.5 (balconies - 0.3).
There are three types of loggias:
remote or attached, completely protruding from the plane of the facade, limited by wall structures on the sides;
sinking or built-in, completely placed in the dimensions of the building;
partially sinking recessed beyond the plane of the outer wall, not completely (built-in - remote).
Based on architectural tasks, when solving the plan and facade of a building, built-in loggias are sometimes arranged above heated rooms, or the latter are placed above loggias. In this case, the design of the ceiling provides for vapor barrier and insulation according to the calculation.
Railings for balconies and loggias must guarantee a calm perception of height in multi-storey buildings, therefore they must be sufficiently high - at least 1 m up to the 9th floor and at least 1.2 m on higher floors, mostly deaf.
Fences (screens) of balconies and loggias can be latticed or deaf.
Massive deaf fences are made of reinforced concrete panels or brick walls.
Reinforced concrete panels fences are installed with the lower part in the following options: in front of the edge of the balcony slab in the same plane with its bottom; descending below ceiling surface plates; with a gap above the slab floor.
Masonry brick fence 120 mm thick is made of face brick with stitched seams. Horizontal seams are reinforced through two rows of welded flat frames. Racks adjacent from the inside and junctions of the loggia to the panel inner wall additionally, special insulated panels are installed, on which the slabs of the loggias are supported
In buildings of other building systems, in order to ensure the support of the floor slab and the loggia slab, its side wall is arranged as a three-layer one - with load-bearing inner and outer layers and insulation between them, welded to the slab from below, and connected from above to the corners bordering the upper masonry plane. Inner surface the wall is covered steel mesh associated with the release of reinforcing cages, and plastered. Holes are provided in the wall to drain rainwater.
To protect against atmospheric precipitation (rain, snow), from dust and wind, various methods of glazing balconies and loggias are used in modern construction practice:
· with hinged doors;
With sliding (retractable) shutters;
with folding doors (frameless glazing).
On the rice. 10.5. a technical solution for glazing a loggia with sliding doors using aluminum profiles.
Frameless glazing of balconies and loggias. These systems are fundamentally different from all other glazing designs in that they do not have mullions, due to which the glazing is a continuous transparent fence without vertical posts with a panoramic view from the inside. Elastic seals made of a transparent polymer isolate the gaps between the panes and do not disturb the transparency of the entire structure.
The balcony (loggia) can be fully opened by sliding the glass sheets to the side and folding them like a book against one of the walls. The first sash is only rotary, the remaining sashes are shifted to the first until they stop and open (rotate). In the open state of the sash
take up little space and are fixed from the effects of the wind. Glass sheets can be moved to one or two sides and, accordingly, be collected at one or two walls of the balcony (loggia) (Fig. .10.6.).
For frameless glazing tempered glass 6 or 8 mm thick. The guides along which the sashes slide on rollers are made of aluminum profiles and are fixed at the top and bottom along the perimeter of the glazing. Each pane of glass has a top and bottom aluminum profiles attached by chemical means(pasting) without mechanical fixation, resulting in a strong one-piece connection, in which the glass and the profile form a single monolithic block.
Frameless glazing methods make it possible to make fences up to 3 m high. With narrow and low doors (and their low weight), they can only be fixed on the top rail. In other cases, it is necessary to have a four-point “spread” support - two support rollers on the upper guide, two on the bottom.
When using the eccentric sliding mechanism of the sashes, the frameless system allows glazing balconies and loggias regardless of their geometry. The sashes move easily along any curve, and also move through any corners.
bay windows
Bay window appointment- increasing the area of the room and enriching its interior, improving the conditions of lighting and insolation of the room. Sometimes bay windows serve to accommodate vertical communications in them - stairs and elevators.
Most bay windows have simple geometric shapes in plan (semicircular, rectangular, triangular, trapezoid), and only in some cases their shape differs in the arbitrariness of the outline. The most typical bay window layouts are shown in rice. 10.7.
Just like balconies and loggias, bay windows enrich architectural form, serve as a compositional means of building a building, sometimes bay windows are used in combination with balconies and loggias, which gives compositional and functional advantages.
Bay windows have load-bearing and enclosing structures. Their walls have one or more windows or solid glazing.
Bay windows are designed with load-bearing, self-supporting and non-bearing (curtain) walls (Fig. 10.8.).
Bearing and self-supporting walls rest on their own foundations and are designed similarly to other exterior walls of a building. The non-bearing outer walls of the bay windows rest on cantilever floor slabs fixed in the walls of the beam. In buildings with non-load-bearing external walls, bay windows are designed to be lightweight.
Bay windows can have different lengths along the height of the building, start from the second or third floor, and interrupt with the formation of a balcony. When constructing such cantilever bay windows, their upper and lower floors are insulated.
1 - prefabricated floor slab; 2 - solid team or monolithic slab overlaps; 3- bearing wall; 4 - self-supporting wall; 5 - non-bearing wall; 6 - hinged panel; 7 - lightweight concrete blocks; 8 - insulation; 9 - air gap; 10 - lining; 11 - foundation
On fig. 10.9. some solutions for bay windows in low-rise and high-rise buildings are shown.
Fig.10.8. Examples of the use of bay windows.
a, b - in low-rise buildings; v-d - in multi-storey buildings