Do-it-yourself arrangement of a pit for a well. Water supply from a well in winter - protection of pipes from the cold. At the final stage, we proceed to the assembly

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water well- this is a device for underground water intake, which is available in many suburban areas gardening associations. Amateur gardeners prefer to drill artesian wells on their plots so as not to depend on the general water supply, the water quality in which sometimes leaves much to be desired, and the cost of water in this case is cheaper.

The main element of the well is a casing pipe, one end of which is located at a distance of 50-70 cm above the ground, and the other goes into the ground up to ground water. A submersible pump is lowered into it, pumping water to the surface.

Well caps

To protect against penetration into the well dust, dirt, sand, foreign objects, amphibians and dirty water when flooded by spring waters, the upper end of the casing pipe is equipped with a head - a plug that hermetically closes its neck.

The head mounted on the pipe provides a reliable suspension of the electric pump, wires and water hose.

AT winter time sealing saves the well from freezing, and if there is a locking device, it will protect against unauthorized entry.

Heads are the most popular on the market. domestic production Gillex and Aquarius, combining low price and the desired quality.

Borehole head "Dzhileks" is designed for well equipment with a casing pipe with a diameter of 90 to 160 mm and pumps with PVC pipes with a diameter of 25, 32 and 40 mm. They are made from cast iron or plastic.

The “Aquarius” head is made of plastic and is intended for shallow wells with casing diameter 113-127 mm and diameter pressure pipes 32 mm.

Another manufacturer is "Aquarobot" releases caps made of plastic and cast iron for wells with an outer pipe diameter of 107-159 mm and a pump pipe diameter of 32 and 40 mm.

Well head device

According to the design, the devices are subdivided on the:

In the head cover on the well are:

• transition fitting for connecting the water pipeline;
• cable entry device for fixing the pump power cable;
• eye bolts on top of the cover for lifting the pump together with the cover using hoists;
• eye bolts on the bottom of the cover to hold the pump on the safety cable.

Well heads made of plastic are designed for shallow wells and can withstand the weight of the equipment attached to them up to 200 kg, metal ones can withstand a load of up to 500 kg.

When choosing heads industrial production to find out its characteristics follow look at the label, which has the following form: OS X-X1/ Y .

The alphanumeric designation is decoded as follows:

OS - borehole head, numbers within 90-110 and 140-160 - casing diameter, Y - diameter of the adapter required to connect the water pipe. If the letter P is present at the end of the marking, the head is made of plastic, if there is no letter, it is made of metal.

Mounting the head is simple, as it does not require welding work. Installation work is carried out in stages.

1. At the first stage it is necessary to prepare the upper cut of the casing pipe for installing the head on the well. To do this, clean the upper edges of the pipe and side walls from dirt and rust, and apply a primer to prevent corrosion of the pipe.

2. At the second stage- unscrew the screws and separate the components of the head, then put on the casing pipe, depending on the design of the head, the lower flange with a built-in gasket or the lower flange and a toroidal rubber gasket. The toroidal gasket must be pressed in with force to ensure tightness, if necessary, a salidol-type lubricant can be used.

• we hang the electric pump on a safety rope attached to the eyebolt at the bottom of the cover
• We fasten the pipe coming from the pump to the adapter fitting.
• through the cable gland we pass the cable for the power supply of the pump.

To avoid corrosion, it is better to choose stainless eyebolts and plastic pipes, and the cable must have an anti-corrosion coating.

4. On the final stage using a winch and a winch, we lower the pump with a pipe into the well and tighten the head cover with the lower flange using bolts.

The bolts should be tightened one by one and gradually, with the necessary force, in order to achieve uniform tightening of all screws. It is important not to overtighten, so as not to break the plastic.

Do-it-yourself head for a well

How to make a head for a well with your own hands?

If you are limited in funds, but have locksmith skills and prefer to do everything yourself, then making a headband will not be difficult.

There are many options for homemade heads, here is a description of one of them. The head made in this way is suitable for any type of wells, because it is made of durable material– sheet metal and pipe cutting.

Let's start with the manufacture of the head cover. Cut out blank from sheet metal square shape, on which we measure and mark the holes for the adapter flange of the water pipe, for cable entry and for eyebolts. Using a drill or drilling cutters, we cut the marked holes and clean them from burrs with a file.

We process the seams grinder, and we clean the entire structure with sandpaper and cover it with a primer, and then with paint to protect it from corrosion.

At the final stage, we proceed to the assembly:

• install the adapter for connecting the water pipe, filling the gaps silicone sealant to ensure tightness;
• we mount the eye - bolts; four covers on top for raising and lowering the pump and one on the bottom for a safety cable;
• install the cable entry device.

Installation of the mounted structure in the well is similar to that described above. A cover with a welded flange is put on the casing pipe without any additional fastening. Sealing from below can be achieved with an insulating tape.

Well protection from frost

Installing a headband will help prevent wells from freezing in winter, however, it does not give a full guarantee against freezing in very coldy or when the well is used year-round for water supply to private homes.

One way to protect against frost is to install boxes with thermal insulation over the well. This option is suitable for cottages.

The box can be made from improvised means: boards, plywood, wood boards and the like. Inside the box is upholstered with heat-insulating material: felt, foam, etc. It can also be filled with dry grass, leaves or styrofoam granules.

how stationary version you can use a brick box with insulated walls. For warming year-round used wells, the installation of a caisson is best suited.

The caisson is a heat-insulating device made of plastic or metal in the form of a round inverted container or cube. In the caissons, the distribution of pipes for supplying water to the house, to the bathhouse, for watering the garden and vegetable garden, as well as necessary equipment control and automatic control. If necessary, equipment for warming up is installed.

In conclusion, it should be noted that the cover for the well is important element your source drinking water and do not neglect its installation.

When considering the question of how to protect pipes from the cold, it is necessary to understand that optimal solution will depend on a number of initial parameters of the problem.

First of all, on the mode in which the system is operated during the cold season. If we are talking about the water supply of a year-round building, then one set of measures will be required. If the building is inhabited periodically, another. And for a dacha intended for seasonal living, the issue of pipe protection will be resolved in a third way.

The sequence of insulation of pipes supplying water to the building of year-round, periodic or seasonal residence

In any case, work should begin with the insulation of the well itself. The volume of work performed in this case is determined based on the average daily temperatures at the location of the well and the depth of soil freezing. The work performed should protect the well from freezing of its head.

Work should begin in the fall before the arrival of frost.

We insulate the inlet plumbing

Having insulated the well, but forgetting to insulate the water pipe at its entrance, laid on the street, we will not get the expected uninterrupted water supply. Therefore, work should begin with the insulation of the section of the supply conduit laid in unheated premises at home (basement, basement, etc.) and down the street.

These areas should be placed below the freezing depth of the soil in your area. As another option, you can consider using a solution such as placing a heating cable along the pipe. The cable is laid inside the pipeline and has the ability to warm up the conduit, excluding its freezing.

Among the passive methods of insulation, one can name the laying of a water pipe in a casing, which is a pipe of a larger diameter. The space between the pipes is laid with insulation (mineral wool, for example).

Constantly used plumbing

Theoretically, since the pressure in such pipelines is maintained at a constant level, the water in them should not freeze. But we must not forget that it does not move constantly, but in a discrete mode. And at long downtime(e.g. at night) can freeze.

Certain hydraulic devices (hydraulic accumulator, pump, etc.) are mounted on the well head, and they are sensitive to low temperatures, especially negative ones. Therefore, there is no alternative to insulating the well. Simply, in the variant under consideration, it can be performed using exclusively passive methods, including the creation of a caisson or a special heat-insulating layer.

Seasonally used plumbing

If the water supply is used only in warm weather, then the pumping equipment is turned off for the winter, and the well itself is mothballed. Before frost sets in, water is completely drained from the system, after which the system is preserved.

Periodically used plumbing

If you spend the winter weekend in the country and use the plumbing at this time, the most simple solution is installation in the head of the well and the supply pipe electric heating external placement. Upon arrival at the site, they can be turned on and, after a certain time, the conduit is ready for work.

Manufacturing and installation of the caisson

The caisson is a structure that protects downhole equipment from drops external temperatures. The best option in this case, the placement of connecting hoses and pipes at a depth of at least 1500 - 2000 mm from the surface of the site is considered.

This is a kind of underground sealed well, which, in addition to freezing, protects the well from groundwater and flood waters. The design of the caisson has a hatch, a neck and a bunker. They are made of reinforced concrete, metal or polymers.

From reinforced concrete rings

Installed on a pre-made base. After installation and sealing, the caisson is closed with a lid. The main disadvantage of the design is the high mass, leading to significant shrinkage of the entire structure.

The cost of installation is also very high, because. heavy lifting equipment is required.

metal

Manufactured from 4mm sheet iron. The dimensions directly depend on the equipment that is planned to be protected by the specified design. As a rule, the following are removed into the caisson: the main and backup pumps, filters, pressure sensors, automation, outlet pipes, and a hydraulic accumulator. The caisson has bilateral anticorrosive processing. All of the listed equipment also receives additional waterproofing.

Standard Models metal caissons- very expensive items. Therefore, in order to save money, they are often made independently.

Polymer

These products have walls with a thickness of at least 20 mm and are mounted on special cement screeds, around which there is a gap of 20-40 mm between the walls of the well and the caisson. This was done to ensure the protection of the caisson structure from possible deformation during soil movements and the appearance of melt water. In this case, a cement screed is also performed along the walls.

The polymer caisson does not require additional waterproofing.

The caisson is installed in a pre-dug pit, the width of which slightly exceeds the diameter of the structure. After installing the product, all remaining gaps are filled and rammed. Around the top of the caisson runs concrete screed, and the outlets of the pipeline are insulated.

Installation of a hydraulic accumulator and pipes in a caisson

A heat-insulating layer is laid in the pit around the barrel of the caisson, the functions of which can be performed by a material that is resistant to the negative effects of the soil. Most often - foamed polystyrene or mineral wool. In the latter case, it will additionally need to be wrapped with a waterproofing layer.

The caisson closes the lid with a built-in ventilation pipe. Top part the caisson is also insulated.

Well insulation using a casing pipe

The use of a casing pipe can be considered as one of the well insulation options. It must be understood that in this case, hydraulic equipment cannot be placed as close to the head as possible. But if you place surface pump to pump water from a well in a heated room, or in the house itself, this is simply not required.

Warming using improvised materials

This option is preferred in areas with mild winter where the temperature does not fall below -15 degrees. For these purposes, sawdust, straw or dry leaves are perfect.

Use for heating cable insulation

This option is the most expensive of all considered, but also the most effective. For its implementation, a special cable design is used, hallmark which is highly resistant to external mechanical damage. To increase the efficiency of this design, the system is equipped with an automatic switch-on with a VCT (temperature control) sensor, which saves energy.

The work is carried out in the following sequence:

• digs a trench 100-150 mm deep below the freezing depth of the soil;
• around a suitable section of the conduit and the casing pipe of the well itself, it is laid in coils heating cable. In this case, the frequency of turns is set taking into account the characteristics of the cable model used (indicated in the passport). It is possible to lay the cable along the pipe;
• pipes wrapped with a heating cable are covered with a heat-insulating layer (mineral wool, or industrial heat-insulating casings used to insulate pipelines). When choosing a thermal insulation material, one should take into account the maximum possible temperature for it. This indicator should not be lower than the maximum temperature value that the cable exhibits when current is passed through it. Otherwise, the insulation may melt.
• a waterproofing layer is laid on top of the heat-insulating layer, protecting the assembly from groundwater;
• backfilling of the installation pit is carried out.

The choice of insulation option depends entirely on the owner of the well, which at the same time takes into account the intensity of use of the conduit, the temperature ranges in the region.

In the territory suburban area more and more often you can see local sources of drinking water - wells. Even if you had to attract specialists to drill them, you can do the maximum with your own efforts to equip wells.

The arrangement of the well provides its equipment with everything necessary, which will allow the operation of this water source.

A fully finished well, in addition to the casing pipe that protects the drilled shaft from collapse and deformation, consists of a number of elements.

1. Caisson - a container that surrounds and protects the head of the well and the necessary equipment from the action of groundwater, soil pressure and temperature extremes.
2. Water lifting equipment- submersible pump.
3. Well head- a cover for sealing the well and hanging the pump.
4. - storage pressure tank, due to which the load on the pump is evenly distributed. Such a reservoir helps maintain the necessary pressure in the water intake system.
5. Control system pump motor, regulating the water supply and protecting the engine from running in a "dry" mode and power surges, etc.

Let's dwell on the description of each element, including the installation process, in more detail.

Caisson and its installation

We note right away that the caisson is not mounted in all cases. If there is a heated room nearby in which all the equipment can be placed, then the installation of this container can be abandoned. This will save money and time spent on digging a pit and installing a caisson.

But most often, the installation of a protective tank for a well is a mandatory measure.

First you need to purchase the caisson itself, which can be round or rectangular and made of various materials.

Whichever you choose caisson, the principle of its installation is the same. Since in recent years there has been an increase in the use of plastic containers, we will describe the installation of them.

Step 1. For any caisson, first of all, they dig a pit, from the walls of which to the tank there should be about 0.3 m. The depth of the pit should be such that the neck installed caisson towered above the ground by at least 10 cm. This will protect the tank from melt water entering it.

Step 2 If at least in some seasons groundwater rises high, then they can push out the container. Therefore, around the well casing, an even concrete base 15 cm thick is poured onto the bottom of the pit.

Step 3 A hole is cut in the bottom of the caisson for the well casing to enter. If it is planned to place equipment in the tank, including a hydraulic accumulator, then it is better to move the hole for the well to one of the walls of the tank. Prepare holes for the outlet pipe.

Step 4 The caisson is released to the bottom, making sure that the hole in the tank is strung on the casing pipe. To do this, you can put bars over the pit, and install a tank on them. Gradually pushing the supports apart, slowly release the container, combining it with the pipe.

Step 5 Exactly install the caisson in the pit according to the mounting level.

Step 6 The casing pipe is cut, the outlet pipes are brought into the tank. The junctions of the container with all the pipes are sealed with special caps.

Note! If a metal tank is installed, then all the junctions of the incoming and outgoing pipes with the tank are welded.

Step 7 Produce backfill tank. In dense soil, a concrete screed can be poured around the caisson to prevent deformation of the container around the caisson.

Caisson installation completed. Now you can mount the necessary equipment in it and the well.

Installation of pumping equipment

If a well can produce water without a caisson, then one cannot do without a pump. For wells, they are mainly used submersible pumps. Their choice depends on water consumption, the depth of the aquifer.

Installing the pump is releasing it on a cable into the water column. At the same time, the cable that feeds the engine and the water supply pipe is released. The cable holds the pump and clings to the head.

Installation of the pump in words looks simple, but better than all leave the process to professionals, since the equipment is not cheap. To control workers or as an instruction for self-installation of water lifting equipment, below is a list of nuances that are important to consider.

1. Since the first water in the well is dirty, it is necessary to pump it. But for this it is not recommended to use the pump that you purchased for the operation of the well. It is better to purchase several simpler and cheaper pumps. Expensive equipment is recommended to be released after the buildup of the well
2. As the name implies, the submersible pump must be completely in the water, but at the same time there must be at least a meter to the bottom of the well. This will reduce the chance of pump silting.
3. The fastening cable must be of stainless steel or protected by a waterproof coating.

After the pump is installed, the well is closed with a cap to which the pump cable is attached.

Hydraulic accumulator and control system

Next step after installation pumping equipment a storage tank is installed in the caisson or indoors. The hydraulic accumulator is a pressure tank operating according to the following principle:

The volume of the tank can reach 1 m3, the minimum capacity is 10 liters. It all depends on the amount of water consumed by the consumer.

The installation of a control system that regulates the operation of pumping equipment is carried out at the end of the well construction.

The control system automatically regulates the on/off of the pump. It is also equipped with protective mechanisms against fluctuations in the supply of electricity and a sharp drop in the water level in the well. The latter device is called a “dry” running sensor, which saves the engine from idling and, accordingly, from overheating. Automation also regulates the pressure in the system.

From correct operation automatic system depends on the condition of the pumping equipment and the quality of the water supply to the consumer, so if you have any doubt that you can install and configure the equipment, then invite professionals. Ideally, commissioning and installation work should be carried out by employees of the company from which you purchased the equipment.

Video - Selecting and installing a pump

To protect the well and equipment from external pollution, atmospheric phenomena and vandals, it must be properly equipped. Agree, comfort when using water intake, servicing equipment and pipelines is as important as its safety. How to protect, ensuring ease of use?

For those who wish to carry out the arrangement of a water well with their own hands, we will tell you how to do it correctly. We will advise which option is best for your source. Here you will learn how to independently build a caisson for well head how to install the adapter, as well as where to place the accumulator.

A detailed description of the methods and technologies for equipping a personal hydraulic structure is based on normative documentation and experience of well owners. The information provided is supplemented visual diagrams, photo collections, video guides.

After the well is drilled and before the water supply in the house is supplied from it, the source is arranged, the water supply equipment is selected and installed.

What tasks does the arrangement of a water well solve:

• Ensuring the purity of the source. It is impossible to prevent contamination from the surface from entering the well: dust, rain or melt water.
• Protection of the water source, equipment and pipeline from freezing.
• Formation of conditions for connection and maintenance of equipment.

Water supply equipment (except submersible pump) can be installed both in the house and next to the well. In the latter case, it is necessary to have a technical room of sufficient area at the wellhead where this equipment will be installed.

But even when installing it in the house, have small room at the exit of the pipeline from the well is very convenient, it greatly facilitates its maintenance. The introduction of a water pipe into the well, as well as the power supply for the submersible pump, is also carried out at the arrangement stage.

Well construction is aimed at protecting the water supply source from atmospheric influences, ensuring the input of communications, convenient installation and maintenance of equipment

Selection and installation of equipment for the supply of water

Equipment for individual water supply consists of the following elements:

• Pump, it can be submersible or located on the surface.
• Automation, management work pump and protecting it from overloads.
• Hydraulic accumulator, open or closed ( membrane tank). The latter is preferable, it provides stable pressure in the water supply.

An open water storage tank must be installed in top point plumbing, in the attic or under the ceiling of the upper floor. The closed container has no restrictions on the place of installation.

The main elements of the water supply equipment of a private house from a well: a pump, a hydraulic accumulator, automation

The nature of the well arrangement is largely determined by the type and location of the water supply equipment. Consider the main options for completing the source with equipment.

Surface pump for shallow well

Only the suction hose is lowered into the well. Thus, the arrangement of the well and the maintenance of the pump are simplified. In addition, the hose has a small diameter, which allows it to be used in the so-called "Norton wells" (), where the submersible pump simply does not fit.

Pumping stations have only one, but a very significant drawback. A surface pump is not able to lift water from a great depth, for most models the limit is 8-10 m. This limits the scope of pumping stations to wells and shallow wells.

Due to the low lifting height, pumping stations with an upper pump often have to be installed as close to the wellhead as possible. Otherwise, you will have to additionally overcome the hydraulic resistance from the water source to the place in the house where the pump is installed.

Schematic diagram of water supply based on a complete pumping station with a surface pump. It is used for shallow wells due to the low height of the water rise

To lift water from wells with a depth of more than 10 m, submersible pumps have to be used. Right choice pump and determining its suspension height in the casing is a separate and rather difficult issue.

Within the framework of the topic of the article, we only need to understand how additional equipment the pump is equipped, how it is mounted, connected.

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As we have already mentioned, the mandatory elements of water supply equipment individual home- and control automation. In the case of a submersible pump, the lifting height of which is several times greater than that of a surface pump, there are no restrictions on the installation location of a closed accumulator.

The membrane tank and control can be placed quite far from the wellhead, the distance to the source has little effect on the operation of the system. An excellent place to place equipment is a dry and clean technical room in the house, in the basement or on the first floor.

Scheme autonomous water supply submersible pump. The membrane tank can be located at a fairly large distance from the well

Well weather protection

To protect the source and equipment from atmospheric influences and precipitation, a protected room is erected, placing it above the ground level or below the ground surface:

Option # 1 - above ground "house" pavilion

At first glance, the easiest way is to put a small “house”-pavilion above the water intake structure. It can be deepened a little, like the entrance to a detached cellar, sprinkled on the sides with soil, making a kind of mound. This will reduce heat loss.

Similar pavilions are made over industrial wells. But in a private courtyard you will see them infrequently. "House" takes up space on the site, clutters it up, which is also doubtful from an aesthetic point of view. In addition, the above-ground pavilion is not easy to effectively insulate.

Standard prefabricated container-type pavilion, specially designed for installation above wells. Such a house can be made and well insulated on its own.

Option #2 - placing the source inside the building

An infrequently used, but quite rational technical solution for the arrangement is the placement of a water source in the basement of a residential building or inside an insulated utility building, a winter greenhouse, a greenhouse. By the way, a very popular technique in the old days in the construction of stone buildings.

The well and equipment under the roof are reliably protected from all atmospheric influences, thieves and vandals. The installation and service work is simplified as much as possible. The equipment does not create vibrations, from the noise - soft clicks when the relay is triggered. But they are almost inaudible outside technical room with the door closed.

However, the placement of a well in a house or insulated hozblok is not common. This is explained by the fact that in order to implement such an option, you must first drill a well, and only build a house above it. In our country, the vast majority of developers do the opposite.

The well was drilled and completed right in ground floor private residential building

Option # 3 - underground well-caisson

The most popular variant of the protective room above private well- well. It will be correct to call it a caisson, it is adequate technical term. the good thing is that it does not clutter up the site, on the surface we will see only a small hatch located flush with the ground.

It is much easier to insulate an underground room than an above-ground one, besides, its lower part, located below the freezing depth, is in the zone of positive temperatures in winter, receiving some heat from the ground. The only problem is waterproofing. The caisson can be purchased ready for installation or built independently.

The factory caisson is completely ready for installation. It is only required to open a pit and lower the tank to the desired level. The caisson already has the necessary technological holes, it remains to introduce communications into them through hermetic cuffs: water pipe and electrical cable.

Example constructive solution factory caisson. The finished product already has a hatch, a ladder, the necessary technological holes, complete with seals

Finished caissons are made of steel or polymer materials. Metal containers are stronger, they are not afraid of frost heaving, shocks, they can be installed in problematic soils prone to displacement.

Installation of a steel caisson on a concrete base. Metal constructions freeze, they need to be insulated especially carefully

Plastic caissons are not subject to corrosion, almost do not form condensate on inner surface. Unfortunately, factory caissons are not cheap. But they can be mounted in a few hours, waterproofing issues are reliably resolved.

Some manufacturers, equipping their borehole caissons with shelves, offer to use them “in combination” for storing rolls. If the house does not have a basement or cellar, this is very convenient.

The caisson can actually be built independently. Most likely, it will cost much cheaper than the factory one. Perhaps it will be stronger. However, a lot of time and effort will have to be spent. The easiest option is to bury a couple of reinforced concrete well rings in the ground, covering them with a lid and a hatch with a neck on top.

The bottom will have to be concreted. It is quite difficult to make reliable waterproofing. If you do it outside, it is better to use a roll bituminous material or good quality paint. However, you will have to dig out too large a pit to have access to the walls of the well.

You can make insulation from the inside by carefully caulking the seams and smearing the inner walls, bottom and “ceiling” of the caisson with a polymer-cement composition.

Concrete caisson-well made of rings with a diameter of 1.5 m with equipment already installed inside: a 100-liter membrane tank, a filter, automation

You can build a caisson on your own not only from factory rings. The design can be monolithic, brick (you need a well-burnt red brick), you can use small-sized concrete blocks. A retired steel barrel will also work.

Well protection structure dimensions

What should be the dimensions of the caisson above the well? It depends on where the equipment will be installed. If in the house, the dimensions of 80x80 cm are enough for the installer to “turn around”, lowering the pump.

The internal dimensions of the caisson, as a minimum, should allow the installer to work calmly

When placing a pumping station or a separate one in a caisson, we recommend adding 50 cm to the dimensions of the equipment on both sides (conditionally in front and on the side). Better, of course, if there is more space for service.

If we talk about concrete wells: the diameter of typical iron concrete rings- 90, 150 and 200 cm. 90 cm - minimum possible size for a caisson without equipment, 150 cm - for a structure with equipment of moderate dimensions.

In a round two-meter well, a rather large individual pumping station or a hydraulic accumulator of 200 liters. The height of the caisson is the height of a person or two typical concrete rings.

Among the factory complete caissons, the choice of sizes is very wide, you can find an option for a well with equipment of various sizes.

We also mention that in areas with harsh winters the bottom of the caisson should be at least 15 cm below the freezing depth of the soil. It is even better if its entire lower third is placed in a non-freezing zone.

Insulation of the upper part is necessary, it is better to do it from the outside, but it can also be done from the inside. Suitable for anyone who does not suffer from moisture thermal insulation material, extruded polystyrene foam is ideal.

Ensuring the tightness of the casing

In the well casing supplying the house drinking water, neither dust, nor condensate formed in the caisson, nor, moreover, rain and melt water should get in. If this happens, harmful microorganisms from the surface can get into a clean underground source and it will be difficult and expensive to “treat” it.

To seal the well, fasten the submersible pump and pass communications, use the factory head: it is relatively inexpensive and makes installation of equipment very easy

To protect the source, a special steel cover is provided, equipped with technological holes for passing communications and a reliable hook for hanging the pump. The head is selected according to the diameter of the casing, it has a rubber crimp cuff that seals the casing. The water pipe and electric cable are also introduced through hermetic seals.

We do not recommend cutting the casing pipe close to the floor of the caisson. It is better to leave a section 25-40 cm high above the concrete surface. Firstly, it will be more convenient to mount a pump with a head. Secondly, with a slight flooding of the caisson, water will not enter the wellbore.

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Using a well adapter

Pavilion or caisson the best way provide protection for the water source. However, both of these solutions are by no means cheap. When it comes to solid country house and a vast area, the significant financial costs of well construction are undoubtedly justified.

But what about the developer who does not have an endless budget, builds a poor rural house or a modest summer cottage? For arranging a well in the country there is an economical alternative solution - .

With it, the water pipe coming from the house can be inserted directly into the well casing. No caisson is needed. True, if maintenance is necessary, the adapter will have to be dug up, because it is in the ground. But the need for this rarely arises.

The downhole adapter is a collapsible fitting consisting of two parts: external and internal. The outer part is located outside the casing and serves to connect to the water pipe going into the house.

A pipe from the pump is connected to the counterpart inside. Both parts of the adapter, connected on the casing pipe, have a radius shape that repeats the diameter of the wellbore. The elements are connected through a double hermetic seal.

Adapter in the casing, inserted into the pre- drilled hole. When installing, carefully check the tightness of the connections.

The adapter must be placed below the freezing depth of the ground and installation must be done with great care. The casing pipe remains on the surface of the earth, it is left sticking out low above the ground level. A cover is mounted on top, into which an electric cable is inserted to power the submersible pump.

In severe frosts, cold will penetrate into the well through the casing. Therefore, if winter temperatures fall below -20 °C, we recommend covering the well for the winter with spruce paws, straw, or insulating it in some other way.

The only but significant advantage of the adapter over the caisson is its cheapness. Among the disadvantages: the complexity of maintaining the equipment, poor protection against mechanical damage to the electrical cable, less reliable suspension of the pump (it does not rest on a cable, but on only one water pipe).

Arrangement using a downhole adapter. Both the adapter and the water pipe must be below the freezing depth of the ground.

And yes, water supply equipment can only be installed in the house. You can mount the adapter yourself, but you will need special key with a long nozzle, some technical skill and a lot of patience.

In conclusion, we say that the "cheap and angry" downhole adapter is really cheap. However, it may not always be applicable and does not provide the same level of source protection and durability as a caisson.

We hope that from the above in general terms it is clear how you can equip a well with your own hands.

Let me give our readers some useful tips:

• If the groundwater level in the area is high and located above the freezing depth of the soil, it is better to have a protective room on the surface, and not underground. Or use an adapter.
• In a year-round house, try to place the water supply equipment in the main building: plenty of space, warm and dry. Easy to maintain, equipment will last longer.
• Equipment for a house with seasonal living is best placed in an underground caisson. An unheated house will freeze, and a positive temperature will remain in the caisson. By the way, you need to remember to drain the water into country house if it will not live for more than a week.
• In problematic soils (heaving, with inclusions of crushed stone with sharp ribs, in quicksand), it is advisable to lead a water pipe from the house to the caisson or adapter in protective cover. Always place the power cable in protective tube HDPE.
• Connecting hydraulic equipment to the system is best done through shut-off valves with collapsible connections. If necessary, it will be easy to service or replace.
• Do not forget that, regardless of the type of equipment, the connection diagram should include check valve after pump and filter coarse cleaning in front of the accumulator.

Among other things, during operation it is necessary to monitor the pressure level in the pneumatic element of the membrane tank. Check monthly, top up if necessary.

Conclusions and useful video on the topic

Finally, videos that clearly show the process of arranging an underground water source.

Video #1 The process of self-construction of an insulated caisson from concrete rings and the introduction of a water pipe into the house:

Video #1 Economic well construction - self-installation downhole adapter:

Proper arrangement of the source of individual water supply guarantees great quality water and relieve problems with the repair and periodic maintenance of downhole equipment.

Well construction involves the installation of a special protective device.

It doesn't matter if it will ready product or a do-it-yourself well cover made, but it must provide reliable protection the mouth of the system from the ingress of foreign objects into it.

Purposes of application

Properly equipping a well is impossible without the use of a special cover or cap. Some believe that it is enough to wrap the top of the pipe with a film or cover with a bucket and it will be enough. This opinion is erroneous.

Such an attitude to the well will certainly shorten its life. If you want the water-lifting equipment to serve you properly for a long time, then know that a special well cover installed on time will help you with this.

The lid is not very different from the cap, they perform the same functions, but the price of the cap is slightly higher. It is believed that the tightness when installing the head is higher, but for domestic wells It is quite enough to use high-quality covers.

Important. The most important condition when choosing a protective device is that it must hermetically close the wellbore.
If you decide to make the product yourself, then pay special attention to sealing.

Installing a protective device on the casing pipe performs the following functions:

1. does not allow debris and dirt to enter the target;
2. does not allow water-loving insects, amphibians and other small individuals to hit the target;
3. if it is available, the equipment located in the alignment will be reliably protected from thieves and vandals;
4. installation of electrical equipment will be safer if available;
5. reliably isolates the mouth from melt water;
6. helps to increase the flow rate of the system.

Kinds

Well covers are used to seal wellheads.

They are made from the following materials:

1. plastic;
2. aluminum;
3. cast iron;
4. metal and plastic in various combinations.

Since the borehole cover is fastened with tightening bolts, it is most reliable to use an aluminum product. Plastic is less reliable when pulled together, and cast iron can burst.

On many products, manufacturers provide lugs that serve to fasten the cable for insuring the well submersible pump. This is very convenient, as it facilitates the maintenance process.

In the body of all types of covers there is a hole for the input of the power cable. Air circulation in the sash is ensured due to the fact that there is a valve for ventilation in the body. This valve can be turned off if desired.

These protection products are universal, that is, those that can be mounted on casing different diameters, but are designed for certain pipe sizes, for example:

1. 125 mm;
2. 127 mm;
3. 133 mm;
4. and others.

AT without fail grounding is provided on the case. The upper part of the case can be easily opened, which gives access to equipment maintenance, which is an undeniable ease of use.