Do-it-yourself ceiling insulation in a private house. We are looking for the best way to insulate the ceiling in a wooden house How to lay insulation on the ceiling from the inside of the room

According to researchers of the thermal conductivity of materials and structures, from 25 to 40% of the heat carried by air escapes through the ceiling in the house. Naturally, this figure varies depending on specific conditions - such as ceiling, the location of the floors in the house, etc. But be that as it may, the ceiling is the most vulnerable place for heat loss after windows and doors, where direct heat leakage occurs. Therefore, it is impossible to underestimate the insulation of the ceiling. Saving materials in this part of the construction inevitably leads to further financial costs for heating during the operation of the building.

Do I need to insulate the ceiling with a cold roof

In order to understand whether it is worth it at all to insulate the ceiling in a house with cold roof, you need to get to know the structure of the roof as a whole.

The roof protects living quarters from all types of precipitation.

The roof (or roof) is called upper part building covering the entire structure.

Its main purpose is to protect the building from rain and snow, as well as the removal of melt water.

As can be seen from the definition, the function of the roof does not include the task of maintaining heat in the house. Therefore, it is often designed based on the tasks of drainage, without any insulation.

If insulation is not laid in the roofing pie, a classic cold roof construction is obtained.

Roof shapes are very diverse. Differ in a variety and materials of which the roofing cloth is made. But be that as it may, roofers are only responsible for the waterproofing of the roof, but in no case for thermal insulation. Moreover, in order to avoid damage to materials, the occurrence of stagnant and putrefactive processes in the rafters and logs, it is customary to build an attic in such a way that it is well ventilated. In this case, moisture harmful to wood and metal does not accumulate under the coating. It is important that there is no difference in air temperature between the outdoor space and the indoor one. Then the moisture does not condense on load-bearing elements and the roof will last as long as possible.

But at the same time, the problem of heat preservation inside the building arises, which is especially relevant in the northern regions. It is solved in two ways, each of which has its own characteristics.

Heated roof device. Such roofs have appeared quite recently, with the advent of insulating materials produced on a synthetic basis. The insulating layer is placed on inside roofs, completely isolating the attic space from external environment. Today, builders have learned how to insulate the entire roof plane with high quality and at the same time prevent the occurrence of a dew point inside the insulation. The lion's share of merit in this belongs to chemical industry, which produces polymeric (rolled and sprayed) heaters. The big disadvantage of such technologies is the high cost of installation and materials. But as a result, an additional room appears in the building, suitable for housing or other domestic needs - clubs, gyms and even saunas are located in the attics.
Classic device diagram roofing cake insulated roof involves laying insulation and a layer of vapor barrier
The device of a cold roof with insulation of the attic floor. This method is more traditional, used for more than one generation. In this case, there is no need to insulate the roof slopes, all attention is paid directly to the overlap between the residential and attic spaces. The space under the roof remains an auxiliary place for storing things, drying fruits, mushrooms, etc. Sometimes the attic is equipped for living in the warm season, turning it into summer attic. Compared to a warm roof, this method of thermal insulation is much cheaper. In addition, the big advantage of a cold roof is its simplicity, reliability and accessibility during repairs.
When installing a cold roof, the floors of the first floor are insulated, laying between ceiling beams insulation boards

The choice of the type of roof in the house depends on various circumstances. Below we consider the second, more common option.

How best to insulate the ceiling

First of all, it is necessary to figure out exactly how to insulate the ceiling: from the outside or from the inside.

From the side of the attic, it is much more comfortable to insulate the ceiling. This work is, frankly, dusty. And if people live in a house or apartment during work, then all household utensils and the owners themselves will experience discomfort, albeit temporary. The external method of insulation has a number of advantages.

You can use synthetic materials that inside the dwelling will harm human health. For example, polyurethane spraying, one of the most effective thermal insulation coatings, should not be applied to the ceiling from the inside of the house in the same way as foam, mineral or basalt wool. All these materials retain heat well, but emit harmful gases and caustic dust into the atmosphere.
If the ceiling is made of reinforced concrete slabs, then it accumulates excess heat. When the air inside the housing cools, the stove gives off heat back. But for this it is necessary that the thermal insulation is on the outside.
If the ceiling is wooden (logs or timber), then attic insulation is doubly beneficial. The load-bearing parts of the ceiling, which themselves are an excellent thermal insulator, together with an additional layer on top, give a very good cumulative result.
Degree fire hazard when insulated from the attic side, it is much lower. Even if non-combustible insulation is used inside the housing, there is always a threat of collapse of suspended, glued or stretch ceilings.

The operational reports of the Main Directorate of the Ministry of Emergency Situations describe real incidents when people receive severe burns and respiratory tract poisoning during fires in houses with installed stretch ceilings. The material of such ceilings is combustible, and when heated, it is strongly deformed, stretches and falls, covering all living things with a suffocating sheet.

Ceiling insulation technologies with a cold roof

Used for insulation a variety of materials- natural or synthetic. Depending on this, various technologies for laying insulation are used.

The main principle of attic floor insulation is the creation of the most hermetic layer that prevents heat leakage. This problem is solved by eliminating air leaks and eliminating cold bridges in the elements of the roof structure.

Natural materials for insulation of the ceiling outside

They were used even when there was no chemical industry. But many people today are returning to these means of keeping the heat in the house. Distinctive properties such materials are cheap and environmentally friendly.

Sawdust and shavings

When erecting wooden houses a lot of waste is generated, including sawdust and shavings. But this is not enough for a full-fledged insulation of floors. Therefore, they have to be bought. Fortunately, the price of such material, as a rule, is junk. On the furniture factories and sawmills accumulate a large amount of sawdust, you can always agree on delivery. When choosing this heater, you need to consider three important features.

Clay itself is an excellent thermal insulator. Its only downside is its weight. Therefore, various lightweight options are often used. Straw or wood shavings are added to the clay slurry. The proportion is selected in such a way that the coating does not lose its plasticity and easily fills any gaps. The advantage of such insulation is that clay is almost everywhere, it does not need to be further processed - just diluted in water. Usually, a construction trough is used, from which it is then convenient to transfer the resulting mixture to an insulated area. After drying, the resulting cracks are treated liquid solution with the addition of sand. The coating layer is adjusted according to climatic conditions. It can be from 15–20 to 30 cm. The main advantage of clay insulation is high fire safety. In addition to using clay as the main insulation, it is often used as an additional coating on top of combustible materials.

Clay diluted with fillers is poured between the lags and leveled with the rule

This type of natural insulation is rarely used today. Mainly because it burns very well. But mixed with clay or pressed straw is practically devoid of this drawback. If there is a collective farm near the building that cultivates wheat or rye (and rye is preferable), you can order straw pressed into bales of the desired shape. Installation work takes a little time and does not require any special devices. At the same time, the heat-saving effect is very high. An insulation layer of 25–30 cm is considered optimal. Treatment with fire retardants is desirable. The price is very affordable.

Straw, pressed into bales, practically does not support combustion

Reed as a heater

Reeds grow around many bodies of water. Its preparation is a rather painstaking process. To insulate the house, they use reeds tied into mats (preferably with metal wire). They are laid between the lags in several layers, while filling the seams and cracks. hallmark Reeds are considered to be resistant to rodents and have a long service life. Even if moisture gets on the mat, it does not lose its properties and does not rot. The ignition temperature of reeds is much higher than that of straw or sawdust.

Tied mats of reed stalks are laid between the bearing lags of the floor

Leaves, dried grass, moss

Today it is a rather exotic and rare way of warming. However, it is still used in countryside, as well as in the construction of hunting huts and forest cordons. Preference is given to the leaves of oak, hornbeam and needles (from mosses - reindeer moss). A necessary condition for the use of such a material is dryness and top coating with a reliable non-combustible material, for example, the same clay or slag. Over time, the grass and leaves are compressed into a solid layer that cannot be set on fire. The initial thickness of the embankment is from 20 cm.

Moss is a universal insulation that is used not only inside, but also outside the building.

Seaweed

Since tons of algae are washed ashore by the surf every year, coastal residents have learned to use this natural material to insulate their homes. As a rule, this is damask - a type of long, branched algae with a strong structure. Dried and collected in large armfuls, they are evenly distributed over the entire plane of the attic floor. They can be laid even when not completely dry - over time, the plants fill the smallest holes and acquire a hard texture. They are not afraid of changes in air humidity, mold and rodents. For a long time, the kamka releases the iodine accumulated in sea water into the atmosphere, purifying the air from bacteria.

Algae is mainly used in coastal areas, where it is usually available in in large numbers

Artificial insulation for outdoor installation on the ceiling

If working with natural materials does not raise big questions from the user, then synthetic heaters require strict adherence to technological conditions. Failure to comply with the rules of operation sometimes leads to the opposite result. Before performing the insulation yourself, you should carefully familiarize yourself with the properties, conditions of use and laying technology. This group of materials includes the following heaters.

Expanded clay

A very common insulation, which is used both in private and industrial construction. Compliant fire safety does not support combustion at all. It is made from clay by foaming and firing. It has a small specific weight, easy to transport and operate. There are several fractions of expanded clay, depending on the size of the granules. For the insulation of private houses, expanded clay with a grain size of 4 to 10 mm is most often used. When filling expanded clay mixture in without fail a waterproofing or vapor barrier layer is preliminarily laid. This type of thermal insulation is applicable to all types of buildings. Positive qualities are environmental friendliness and unlimited service life. Since expanded clay consists of natural clay, it does not cause any allergic reaction in people with hypersensitivity. Most often, the space between the lags is filled with insulation, which is then covered with boards. But this is not a prerequisite. It is permissible to use it without additional plating. The height of the embankment is adjusted according to local weather conditions.

A layer of expanded clay is poured into the space between the lags and covered with a layer of vapor barrier

Mineral wool

Mineral wool is made from a vitreous material based on silicon. Release form - rolls and mats different size. For private construction, this insulation is recommended only on condition that it does not openly come into contact with the living space. This is due to the adverse effects of fine dust, which the material emits during installation, on the human mucosa. Can be used in enclosed structures such as plasterboard partitions, ceilings or walls. When using mineral wool, it is imperative to use a membrane film as a barrier to fine airborne particles.

Mineral wool must be laid in rows close to each other to prevent the formation of cold bridges.

Filling with cotton wool is carried out only in a respirator and gloves. Once in the lungs, fine dust can cause illness. To achieve the best result, it is necessary to carefully fill the slots, the gap between the mats should not exceed 2 mm. The cutting of the carpet covering is carried out with a sharp long knife.

Video: how to properly insulate a mineral wool ceiling in a private house

As the name implies, this material is made from solid basalt rocks. As a result - high strength, ductility and moisture resistance. Basalt wool mats and rolls are produced, covered with metal foil - this increases the thermal insulation properties of the insulation. The range of application is very wide - from blast furnaces to ordinary baths. It can be used wherever there is a need to maintain high temperatures inside a closed space. Of all types of building wool basalt insulation best suited for private construction. However, we should not forget that the common weak link of this kind of materials are phenol-formaldehyde resins, which are part of the adhesive components. Over time, the substance goes through a half-life stage and harmful gases are released into the surrounding space. Formaldehyde resins belong to a group of carcinogens that increase the risk of cancer.

When laying foil basalt wool, the metal film is directed down

No matting required special training. However, do not forget about the rules of personal safety. You need to cut the roll on a solid support, placing a board under the cut, or with large scissors. The best result is achieved if the cotton does not crumple.

It is not recommended to insulate residential buildings with slag. It is produced from the waste of metallurgical production, in particular, slag from blast furnaces. It has a low cost, but at the same time it absorbs moisture very well, after which it releases acid, which negatively affects others. structural elements(especially metals).

The use of slag wool is allowed only for draft installation work outdoors

Ecowool

Ecowool appeared on the insulation market relatively recently; it was launched into mass production 5–7 years ago, after it was recognized as one of the the best materials in your industry. Made from natural cellulose by recycling paper and wood waste with the addition of natural dyes and binders. Ecowool gained popularity thanks to technological features and styling options mechanized way. Application of insulation is carried out both manually and with the help of special equipment. The liquid mixture, ready for use, is supplied to the insulated surface by a high-capacity compressor unit. As a result, a seamless layer of a given thickness is created, which, when solidified, forms a solid crust. From the point of view of fire safety, ecowool belongs to the category of self-extinguishing materials. Hand laying it is also carried out quite quickly, because the mixture is light in weight and easy to process. Experts believe that ecological wool has a great construction future.

Mechanized application of ecowool significantly increases labor productivity

There are two ways to insulate with ecowool:

Wet. The preparation of the working mixture is carried out in a special installation for spraying. The binder is lignite, which has excellent adhesion. Insulation can be applied to both horizontal and vertical surfaces. It is rarely used for warming private houses, as it involves the use of expensive equipment.
Before applying ecowool, a metal or wooden crate is mounted on the surface to be insulated
Dry. This method is much more affordable, because the only tools you need are an electric drill with a mixer and a large bucket. The calculation of the batch is carried out according to the formula m \u003d S * L * p, where m is the mass of the solution, S is the area of the surface to be covered, L is the thickness of the insulation layer, p is the specific gravity of the insulation (ranges from 45 to 65 kg / m 3 depending on the compaction ).
Ecowool insulation is prepared in a construction bucket using a mixer

Video: ecowool ceiling insulation

Polystyrene

Polystyrene has excellent thermal insulation properties, the composition contains 90–95% air. Produced in the form of plates and mats different density and appointments. However, for all its practicality and affordable price, it is used for insulation in a limited range, due to the fact that it emits toxic carbon monoxide when heated and burned. The disadvantages also include the inability to pass air, which leads to moisture condensation. The laying technology in wooden floors is simple. Polystyrene sheets are cut to the desired size and laid in the same plane between the supporting beams. Fastening is carried out special adhesives and additional fixation with mushroom-shaped plastic dowels. The seams are filling up construction foam, and poured from above cement strainer small thickness (but not less than 5 cm).

If you manage to pick up polystyrene sheets strictly for the size of the span between the beams, the insulation will be much more effective.

Polyurethane insulation

Two-component polyurethane foam is designed for industrial facilities in areas with low temperature indicators. The coating is usually two-layer and requires the use of special equipment. The application of the working composition is carried out under pressure, at least two people are required for work.

Advantages of polyurethane foam:

high performance characteristics;
resistance to mechanical impact and changes in humidity
good sealing properties. The material covers the entire area with a solid foamed layer of polymer;
simple processing after hardening - with a knife or saw.

However, it should be said that polyurethane foam spraying is a rather expensive technology, which is used mainly for service premises: hangars, storage facilities, garages.

The application of the polyurethane layer is carried out by a qualified operator in a protective suit using special equipment

Video: how to choose a heater

Ways of internal insulation of the ceiling

Sometimes, however, there are cases when insulation has to be done inside the living quarters. For example, if the attic is not available. Then apply internal heaters, which are classified as follows.

Frame structures are a type false ceiling A that uses raster elements to anchor finishing material at the right level. Suspended ceilings are used for insulation both independently and in combination with other heaters:
- stretch ceiling. They consist of a single piece of fabric, stretched over the entire plane of the room and fixed around the perimeter with metal profiles. The installation of such ceilings is carried out by specialized organizations. It is impossible to make and install the canvas on your own, as this requires a cutting workshop and heat guns. But insulate existing ceiling foam mats can be done without assistance. At the same time, they use the same techniques as when laying mats in the attic: glue and plastic dowels-fungi. To level the harmful effects of polymers, the insulation is covered on both sides with membrane moisture-proof films. You can fix them with a stapler or double-sided tape. When the installation is completed, you can invite a team of stretch ceiling installers;
  Installation of a stretch ceiling can be carried out immediately after the insulation of the ceiling
- rack ceilings consist of a supporting frame firmly attached to the ceiling, and metal (or plastic) rails that form one or more planes. The algorithm for preparing for installation is similar to stretch ceilings, only at the beginning the frame fasteners are mounted (usually wire hangers), and then the insulation is already attached. On my own rack ceiling cannot interfere with heat transfer, it plays the role of a cosmetic cladding. Therefore, it is necessary to install the insulation carefully, having previously puttied all the holes and cracks in the ceiling;
  The rack ceiling does not have an additional heat-insulating effect, so the insulation under it must be laid in a dense and even layer.
- plasterboard ceilings are a separate item, as they are recognized optimal solution flooring issue. Certified materials and technologies (for example, Knauf systems) guarantee the desired result. Qualified engineers work on the development of systems, all materials are tested. Since leading developers are conducting research within the framework of maximum consumer safety, foam insulation is not considered in principle. The danger and risks for a person are too great. Ceilings are insulated only with mineral wool, such as Ursa, Rockwool and others, recognized as minimally hazardous. Rolls or mats are placed in pre- assembled frame and close polyethylene film. Then the GKL plates are installed. All joints between the plates are carefully puttied twice plaster composition, the gaps between the false ceiling and walls are processed acrylic sealant. If there are fixtures in the ceiling, they are installed last. Moreover, it is allowed to use only factory models of lamps in which the rated voltage does not cause a risk of fire.
  The insulation is installed after the installation of the raster structure
Bonding insulation to a load-bearing ceiling. There is a group of materials designed to insulate the ceiling without subsequent cladding. It includes:
Special plasters. Such insulation materials arose just a few years ago and came into free sale from innovative industries (aerospace, military and space technology). For example, heat-insulating putty of the Akterm series with a layer of 1 mm is equivalent in terms of its thermal characteristics to 5 cm of foam. Inside the composition are ceramic hollow balls a few microns in size. Working with this coating requires special skills. It is important to scrupulously maintain the ratio of all components in the preparation of the composition. Today, the mass use of such high-tech materials is limited by the price of the product and is rarely used in everyday life.
Water pipes coated with "Akterm" are not afraid of frost

Video: ceiling insulation under drywall

In conclusion, I would like to note that the insulation of the ceiling is a simple matter. However, it requires accuracy and accurate knowledge of the properties of materials. Over time, some of the heaters shrink or become saturated with moisture. If you do not respond in time, the level of protection against temperature fluctuations will decrease. Therefore, once a year you need to do an audit and check the condition of the insulation.

Currently, almost all residential buildings are heated using gas or electric heat generating equipment. Even summer cottages and garden houses which are used only in summer. Most buildings that are not used year-round are equipped with inexpensive cold-type roofs, through which the main heat loss occurs while maintaining a comfortable temperature regime. In this article, we will tell you how to properly insulate the ceiling under a cold roof so that the house is always warm.

The design of the roof depends on the nature of the use of the house and the under-roof space. It is on these factors that the choice of shape, roofing material, the scheme of the truss frame and the presence or absence of a thermal insulation layer depend. . In private housing construction, 2 types of roofs are used:

Important! If the attic is not heated, then the air in it serves as a kind of buffer zone, which performs the functions of thermal insulation and reduces heat loss. The air rising from the heated rooms on the first floor, according to the law of convection, gradually cools and does not heat the surface of the slopes from the inside, so that frost does not form on them.

To keep warm as well as reduce fuel consumption to maintain optimal temperature, with the help of backfill or fibrous thermal insulation materials, they insulate the ceiling located under the cold roof. Since heated air always rises, this operation is an effective measure to reduce heat loss.

Thermal insulation methods

High-quality thermal insulation reduces heat losses and the cost of heating a house by 30%, which is on a scale family budget is a good savings. Use of suitable insulation and right choice installation methods form a comfortable microclimate in the room.

Ceiling insulation issue cold roof it is better to decide at the stage of building a house, then you can choose the most effective and convenient option. Most often, the insulation is mounted in 2 ways:

Note! Any thermal insulation works in a complex way. Therefore, if you want to solve problems with heat loss in a house with a cold roof, do not forget about the thermal insulation of the floor, door and window openings. A clear way to analyze where the heat goes is to look at the house in the thermal imager in winter. To increase the energy efficiency of your home, you need to pay attention to the areas colored in red and yellow, it is through them that heat escapes.

materials

The modern construction market offers an impressive range of thermal insulation materials, but not all of them are suitable for cold roof ceiling insulation. In order for the costs to recover, the thermal insulation layer must be resistant to moisture, have low thermal conductivity and meet safety standards for human health.

The following materials are used for insulation:

Experienced craftsmen remind that important role in the insulation of the floor located under the cold roof, vapor barrier and waterproofing layers play. To protect the insulation from getting wet as a result of interaction with heated air saturated with water vapor, first lay vapor barrier membrane. And from the side of the roof, it is protected from leaks with a waterproofing film.

Video instruction

As you know, according to the laws of convection, heat always tends to rise up. And, if the roof in your house does not have sufficient level thermal insulation, then the heat simply goes outside. This is called heat loss. Therefore, in order to avoid heat loss and ensure the maximum rationality of heating any home, you need to know how to properly insulate the ceiling under a cold roof.

High-quality roof insulation is a very important task, which is best addressed at the stage of building a house. Properly performed warming process:

Forms the microclimate of the building;
Protects the building from damage;
Keeps about 30% of heat!

We will tell you what methods of roof insulation are that will allow you to quickly, high-quality and inexpensively make thermal insulation of the ceiling under a cold roof. We will also talk in detail about how to insulate the ceiling quickly and cheaply.

Features of a "warm" roof

A warm roof is obtained by insulating the slope. Its arrangement is carried out if the attic space is used as a living space. In this case, a heating system is organized on this floor, and warm roof prevents heat loss.

Features of the "cold roof"

They called the cold roof because it does not have the structure of the so-called "roofing pie" - when there are several layers of insulation, vapor barrier material and other layers. This is the simplest roof structure, and also the most affordable. It is very easy to install and maintain, and yet - such a roof is extremely reliable. The devices of such a roof are elementary. She represents truss system, on top of which a layer of insulation and roofing material is laid. The plank floor of the attic is laid on the floors.

This type of roof is great for arranging residential or commercial premises under it, and does not require expensive roofing materials. However, if there is a need for insulation of such a structure, then you should take care of:

High-quality waterproofing;
Reliable basis;
Tanks for collecting condensate.

Structural insulation can be done in two ways:

From the side of the attic, it is easier to perform work; this method of insulation does not affect the size of the room.
Insulation from the side of the room.

How to insulate the attic: we insulate correctly

A cold roof is the easiest option for insulation. The simplest and most obvious way out is to use bulk insulation. For these purposes, may be suitable:

Expanded clay;
Mineral wool;
Simple sawdust;
Ecowool;
Styrofoam;
Polyurethane foam.

Comparative characteristics that will help determine the choice of material are shown in the table.

To avoid shedding of this material, it is better to put it under it on a wooden floor. plain film from polyethylene. It will also serve as a vapor barrier. Or use a simpler and a budget option- simple corrugated cardboard. It can be fixed to the attic floor with brackets.

After it has been laid, all the cracks and gaps between the joints must be sealed, for which a simple building foam is perfect. If wiring runs along the floor, then it must be put on a special corrugated hose, ensuring the maximum level of electrical and fire safety.

Interesting: earlier, hay and straw were used as bulk insulation. There is no particular reason to neglect the old-fashioned ways, and now it is a very cheap, and, most importantly, environmentally friendly material.

It is considered that the maximum effective thermal insulation can be provided with a layer of bulk insulation of at least 12-15 centimeters. This is for winters of medium "severity". For regions with colder winters, the insulation layer can be from 20 to 30 centimeters.

Expanded clay insulation

Expanded clay refers to natural materials. It is obtained from clay shale by firing. Represents granules or grains of different fractions.

It has properties useful for insulation of residential premises: light weight, environmentally friendly, not afraid of temperature extremes and high humidity, does not emit toxic substances when heated and has no smell, is not combustible, has high thermal insulation characteristics. The advantages include the absence of dust and a long service life.

Work performance technology:

Remove all dirt and foreign objects.
A vapor barrier film is laid on the attic floor. Secure it with a stapler or joiner's tape. For reliable insulation, the pieces of the film are overlapped and at least 40 cm overlap the chimney and the roof truss system.

Depending on the fraction, the density and strength characteristics of the material change. For insulation, a grain size of 4-10 mm is most often used. The attic is covered with a layer of insulation with a thickness of 15 to 30 cm. If the surface of the attic floor is to be covered with a wooden coating, expanded clay is poured between the logs.

The table shows the dependence of the properties of the material on the size of the fraction.

The high insulating characteristics of expanded clay are used when it is necessary to isolate the chimney from wood flooring attic. For this, a special metal box is made around the chimney.

Ecowool

Ecowool has not been widely used as a heat-insulating material for residential premises. Nevertheless, it is used for insulation. Below are comparative characteristics ecowool and expanded clay, which allow you to evaluate the materials.

The composition of ecowool includes small fibers of cellulose. Laying is carried out in a dry and wet way.

The dry method of application consists in laying ecowool between the attic lags and its subsequent compaction. In this case, there is no need to lay a plastic film.
In the wet method, a cellulose mixture with glue is applied to the surface of the attic using special equipment under pressure. The result is a continuous coating of ecowool with air. The height of the layer can be from 15 to 30 cm, depending on the region.

When applying, it should be borne in mind that the material decreases in volume over time, the application should be done with a slightly larger layer. The wet method provides greater thermal insulation due to the formation of a hard crust after a few weeks.

Advantages of insulation with ecowool:

The low weight allows the laying to be carried out in any thickness, it does not create an additional load on attic floor even when compressed.
Due to the loose structure, it acquires additional heat-insulating characteristics by offsetting air gaps.
Ecowool is environmentally friendly, tolerates temperature changes well.
It has a long service life, does not lose its insulating characteristics over time.
Covered with ecowool surfaces do not grow moldy and contribute to the reproduction of microflora.
For insulation, ecowool is used specially treated with flame retardants, which does not support combustion, has a tendency to self-extinguish. Does not contribute to the release of smoke and hazardous products for breathing.
The special structure of the insulation allows you to create a continuous breathable coating in which moisture does not linger.

When using ecowool, the payback period of such a heater is 2-3 years.

We use mineral wool

The main disadvantage of mineral wool is the presence of formaldehyde resin in its composition. Over time, the material releases components harmful to health.

Depending on the material used for the manufacture of mineral wool, the following varieties are divided:

slag wool

For the manufacture of slag wool, waste from blast-furnace production is used.

This material for the insulation of a residential building is of little use. This is due to the following characteristics:

Hygroscopicity - the absorption of moisture during operation, which adversely affects the thermal insulation characteristics.
Increased acidity under the influence of moisture, which has a destructive effect on nearby building materials.
The fibers of the material are very brittle and light, during operation they can fly in the air of the room, which adversely affects the health of residents.

The advantage of the material is only in its low cost.

glass wool

Glass wool consists of fibers that are drawn from molten glassy material. The fibers thus obtained are formed into rolls and mats.

Despite the high heat-insulating properties, the use is limited due to the irritating harmful effects on the human body.

Basalt wool

Gabbrobasalt rocks are used for production. This is the most common cotton wool, due to its high strength and ductility characteristics.

The material does not lose its properties in the presence of moisture. It is delivered in the form of rolls, mats, plates. To improve the thermal insulation properties, a foil layer can be applied on one side, which reflects heat and directs it inside the room.

The most commonly used mineral wool is from UPSA. The main component is glass fiber with mineral additives. Available in rigid boards and rolls. Before insulation, it is necessary to apply a film coating.

The basalt wool of the TechnoNIKOL company has become widespread.

To enhance the waterproofing properties, it is necessary to lay a film with an overlapand overlapping walls up to 40 cm.

Mineral wool is also a versatile material for floor insulation. To insulate the roof with its help, you must:

Remove all waste and bulky debris from the floors, as well as nails and other objects that can damage the vapor barrier layer;
Lay a special vapor barrier polyethylene or cellophane film on the attic floor. You can use glassine film - it is cheap and in its structure resembles a simple tracing paper;
Install mineral wool as tightly and without gaps as possible. Laying the material is carried out closely between the beams with little effort. To do this, cut the material 20 mm wider than the distance between the beams.

Tip: you do not need to crumple and crumple it for additional compaction. How denser material- the more heat it conducts and, accordingly, its thermal insulation qualities are worse;

Completely seal all cracks and joints in the coating;
Lay the cover on top and insulate it. If you are going to walk on the floor a lot, it is better to lay additional boards or shields. In this case, the boards should not rest against the heat-insulating layer - the insulation should not be pressed.

When laying mineral wool, it is better to use a respirator.

Recommendation. Cotton wool and polystyrene are very fond of rodents. If there is a financial opportunity, it would be best to fill the attic with foam glass. This material has excellent thermal insulation characteristics, is absolutely safe and environmentally friendly. It is durable, does not shrink, is not afraid of either heat or frost, does not burn and is very easy to install. The only downside is its price. Foam glass can be replaced with foam, which must be protected from rodents with a screed.

Insulation with expanded polystyrene

For more than half a century, polyethylene has not been one of the most popular materials due to its low price. Its use is limited due to flammability and the release of toxic substances during melting. Among positive characteristics It is worth noting the high thermal insulation properties, which are created due to the presence of up to 95% of air in its composition. The material is very light, easily cut to the required size. Fits between joists. In conditions of high humidity does not lose its performance characteristics.

Although extruded polystyrene foam high temperatures emits substances harmful to health, applies to self-extinguishing low-combustible materials and is more popular for insulation. It does not allow air to pass through, so if used on hardwood floor can contribute to the accumulation of moisture and the subsequent development of mold on its surface.

The warming procedure is as follows:

Leveling the surface for coating.
Application of vapor barrier material.
Laying polystyrene boards.
Fastening plates with dowels with a hat like a mushroom.
Thermal insulation of slab joints with foam with careful filling of the space. Alignment with a joiner's knife of the docking points.
Filling the attic floor with a cement-sand screed with a thickness of 50 mm or more.

Insulation with polyurethane foam

Polyurethane foam is applied by spraying, special equipment is required to perform the coating. For areas with harsh winter The coating is sprayed in two layers.

When performing thermal insulation with polyurethane foam, the following advantages are noted:

High thermal insulation properties of the material.
The material does not lose its performance characteristics under temperature extremes and in conditions of high humidity.
With the help of spraying under pressure, the insulation penetrates into the slightest cracks; when expanded, a monolithic coating without seams is formed.
The coating has high strength, does not deform under the weight of a person.
Additional vapor and waterproofing is not required.

The coating is applied directly to the previously cleaned attic floor between the joists. The polyurethane foam protruding from the top of the beams is removed after hardening. sharp knife.

Warming with natural materials

In order to insulate the attic and warmly insulate rooms, you can use natural materials that were previously widely used for insulation. Before choosing from the table below, please note that the material is better, the lower the conductivity coefficient and the lighter the weight.

Reed insulation

For roof insulation reeds formed into mats are used. The peculiarity of the coating is that the mats overlap and each other, whilegaps must be avoided.for cold penetration. Mats are laid between the joists, it is advisable to use a gasket in two layers.

The advantage of using reeds for insulation:

Rodents do not start in the reeds.
It has excellent thermal insulation properties.
Cheap material of natural origin.

Sea damask insulation

Residents of coastal cities have long used sea damask as a heater. In these areas it has low price. Rodents and mold do not start in the material. Damask perfectly tolerates temperature changes or high humidity. e material environmentally friendly, additional advantage in polucheniya atmospheres saturated with iodine s .

Algae does not support combustion, do not emit Yu t harmful impurities and smoke during a fire. For warming attic specially made ladders from stone. For such coverageno need for vapor barrier.

Reeds and algae are stackeddirectlyon the floor, organize flooring on top. Layer thickness from 20 cm.

Insulation with sawdust

In areas where woodworking enterprises are located, sawdust can be purchased cheaply, if not completely free. As a disadvantage, it is necessary to take into account the combustibility of the material,which can be protected during processing flame retardants.

The table shows the data on which layer of sawdust should be laid depending on the temperature regime of the area.

Thermal insulation with sawdust is performed in the following sequence:

D to close the gaps P Preliminarily, the surface of the attic is covered with liquid clay.

The clay surface cracks over time as it dries. Forcrack sealing andobtaining a holistic coveragea thin layer of sand is poured over the clay.

Before applicationa layer of sawdust crumbles a layer of carbide and slaked lime to avoid the appearance of rodents before.

Sawdust is applied in a layer of 15 cm or more. Depending on the living conditionslayer of sawdust can reach up to 30 cm.

P a layer of spent slag crumbles over the sawdust, for to improve fire safety. Especially such insulation is necessary in places where the cable is laid and the location of the chimney.

Insulation with sawdust and cement

Good thermal insulation properties have a mixture of sawdust with cement in the calculation of 10/1. The execution technology consists of the following steps:

Covering the attic a insulating coating.
Between the beams a mixture of sawdust and a binder with water is applied. Before applicationsolution must be keptso that the wooden components are saturated with water.
Work is carried out in the spring so that there is time for drying out . The mixture is applied with a thickness of at least 20 cm.
Make sure the mixture is completely dry dyas several times over the surface. In this case, you can hear characteristic crunch of dry wood.

Clay insulation

Clay is an excellent heat-insulating material and is able to protect the house from the cold on its own.

But for this it is necessary to yat insulation with a layer of 50 cm, such a weight for the ceiling will be critical. Therefore, insulation is performed with a mixture of sawdust and clay. Let's dwell on this option in more detail.

Preparation and coating technology:

To obtain a mixture of sawdust and clay, it is necessary to prepare a special container, an old barrel will do.
Water is poured into the barrel, several buckets of clay are loaded and everything is mixed until the clay is almost completely dissolved.
The solution is loaded into the concrete mixer, sawdust is added to it. The result is a mixturemedium level of density.
The application of the mixture on the attic flooring is carried out only after laying the vapor barrier layer.
A coating is applied to the ceiling with a layer of 15-20 cm. The cracks formed during drying are treated with wet clay.
The laid layer is leveled.

An overview of thermal insulation materials is given in the video:

More details about the insulation with sawdust in the video:

We equip the summer attic

The summer attic differs from the attic, in which they live all year round in that it can also be insulated along the floor, and not over the entire roof area. The advantages of such insulation are obvious:

the floor area is much smaller than that of a gable roof;
no need for filing insulation;

However, the following points must be taken into account:

it must be covered with hard coatings;
the flooring must be laid on additional logs - so as not to compress the insulation layer.

Therefore, the most optimal insulation for this type of ceiling is foam. Its structure is quite rigid and will make it possible to create additional support for the floor.

Before laying the foam, it is also necessary to put a vapor barrier layer. The beam from which the logs will be made must be the same thickness as the foam sheets. It is best to position the logs at a distance of 45-50 cm from each other. After laying the foam, you can put on top of it:

plywood;
cardboard;

The thickness of such a coating may well be no more than 15 mm. This method will reliably insulate the attic floor, and, accordingly, the ceiling under a cold roof.

Insulate the ceiling directly

There are also situations when there is no access to the space that is above the ceiling level. In order to carry out the highest quality and reliable thermal insulation, a whole range of works should be carried out. However, it should be borne in mind that such insulation will “eat up” part of the height of your room.

This is due to the fact that the thermal insulation layer will be located inside the building itself. This is not entirely correct, but if there is no other choice, then there is nothing left. General rules here they will be the same as during the insulation of attics and attics:

vapor barrier layer;
insulation;
Vapor barrier layer.

The insulation is located between two layers of vapor barrier. This is necessary in order to protect the rafters from dampening, ceiling materials and also a heater.

To insulate the ceiling inside the room, you can use any of the options for performing work:

Direct fixation of the insulation on the ceiling with glue and fasteners.
Installation on the ceiling of a crate made of a metal profile or wooden slats, followed by fixing the insulation between the rails.

Insulation works are carried out only on a pre-prepared ceiling.

Preparing the ceiling for insulation

Training wooden surface consists of the following steps:

Careful processing wooden ceiling flame retardant, special attention must be paid to applying the coating to cracks, gaps and cracks.
Sealing cracks, gaps and cracks consists in puttying a wooden surface. Large gaps between the boards can be sealed with polyurethane foam. Excess hardened material must be removed with a sharp knife.

Concrete surface treatment:

Examine the ceiling. Flaking or fragile decorative coatings and plaster must be removed, the remaining surface must be cleaned of dust.
Cracks should be carefully widened and cleaned of dirt. Apply primer. Seal with mortar, sealant. Large cracks can be treated with foam and subsequently leveled flush with a sharp knife.
General coverage concrete ceiling ground cover.

Installation of insulation directly on the ceiling

For that method of thermal insulation, the insulation supplied by the plates is suitable: polystyrene foam and basalt wool.

The following materials can be used as glue:

Special cement glue, which is diluted strictly according to the instructions. It is necessary to pay attention to the hardening time indicated in the instructions. They are guided by it when choosing the required amount of solution. The mixture is applied to the surface of the insulation with a trowel or spatula along the entire contour and pointwise.

Mounting can be done on mounting foam, which is applied with a gun in smaller quantities.

Coating technology:

Applying adhesive to insulation.
Pressing the plate to the ceiling and holding in this state for several seconds.

After installing several plates in the insulation, holes are drilled and fastened with a construction fungus. It must be longer than 70 mm of insulation thickness. Fastening is carried out at 5 points of the sheet.

The gaps between the sheets of insulation are sealed with mounting foam.

This method of insulation is performed before installing the stretch ceiling.

After expanded polystyrene, you can reinforce the ceiling with a mesh and make plaster.

Ceiling insulation with crate

The method of insulation is used in cases where it is subsequently planned to cover the ceiling with plasterboard or clapboard. Work order:

Marking the ceiling under the crate using a level. The distance is beaten off depending on the width of the insulation. If the use of polystyrene foam is supposed, then the distance between the rails or the profile is equal in size to the width of the insulation. When using mineral wool between the slats, there should be a distance of 30-40 mm less than the width of the plate so that the insulation is slightly compacted.
The fastening of the wooden crate is carried out with self-tapping screws or dowels, a step of 50 cm, the fastener caps must be flush with the tree.
The metal profile is attached to the ceiling with hangers.
A heater is laid between the profile or crate.

When insulating with expanded polystyrene, the distance between the insulation and the frame is filled with mounting foam.

The insulation is covered with a vapor barrier material, which is metallic profile attached with double sided tape. On a wooden crate can be securely fastened with staples using a stapler.

After the film, the ceiling is sheathed with the selected material. Only after carrying out these actions, it is possible to carry out finishing ceiling.

Choosing a vapor barrier

The vapor barrier layer is very important element during the insulation of the ceiling. It protects the house from mold and fungus, which can literally destroy the house (especially if it is wooden). Vapor barrier materials presented on modern market, can be issued in the form:

Films;
membranes.

Films, in turn, can be:

reinforced - they are used for warming attics and attics;
microperforated - most suitable for warming "cold" roofs;
anti-condensate - one of the layers of which is able to retain drops of moisture.

If you only have the opportunity to insulate the ceiling from the inside, then use our advice:

If you are going to then sheathe the ceiling with plasterboard plates, then you need to use special structures made of galvanized iron and fix them only with self-tapping screws. Otherwise, the whole structure risks falling on your head;
If you live in an area with a fairly warm climate, then you can limit yourself to a thin layer of thermal insulation - such as isolon;
Styrofoam boards also serve as an excellent heat-insulating material;
And most importantly - it should be remembered that the ceiling is not the only way for heat to escape. Door and window structures, especially poorly sealed, also let heat through with a bang. Therefore, thermal insulation must be comprehensive.

After reading everything, it is useful to familiarize yourself with the basic laws of physics at the top of the house:

Roof insulation, although at first glance it seems easy, is quite important question Therefore, it must be approached with maximum attention, and take into account all the adverse factors that may appear during the operation of such a heater. After reading our tips, you already know the technique of insulating the ceiling under the roof. However, if you are not sure that you can do it yourself, then it is better to entrust it to professionals!

We also recommend you:

A brief overview of technologies and options for insulating the ceiling in a private house. The better to sheathe the attic in the country to keep warm.

Ceiling insulation technology in a private house

Homes with well-insulated ceilings will keep warm in cold weather and, oddly enough, cool in warm weather.

When it comes to private homes, almost half of the heat that is in the house is lost through the ceiling, so its reliable insulation can greatly help to keep the heat in the winter cold and prevent it from entering the rooms in the summer.

In addition to everything else, ceiling insulation is not only useful, but also cost-effective. This procedure allows you to make your home more comfortable and significantly reduce utility bills.

A reasonable question arises, but how to do it right with least cost? The market today can offer a huge choice of solutions to this problem. Let's look at some of them.

What is the best way to insulate the ceiling?

Ceiling insulation materials

Many different materials can be used to prevent precious heat from escaping through the ceiling. Many masters use materials such as slag, sawdust, expanded clay, and in the villages they even use dry grass. It turns out quite reliably, the heat does not go anywhere, and the financial side does not suffer.

But there are some disadvantages in these inexpensive materials. Some kind of living creatures in the form of bugs and spiders may appear in dry grass, and sawdust tends to rot. If we talk about slag, although it retains heat well in the house, but with a large amount it can adversely affect the ceilings in the house, and besides, it emits a radiation background.

Expanded clay in this case (in comparison with sawdust, straw and other similar materials) is significantly ahead, although it also loses significantly to modern materials intended for insulation and insulation of premises. Let's look at this issue in more detail.

Ways to insulate the ceiling in a private house

There are two ways to solve the problem of heat loss:

Firstly, you can insulate the ceiling outside the room;
Secondly, insulate the ceiling from the inside.

Both methods have the “right to life”, since they both lead, in the end, to the desired result. With the help of these methods, there is a significant saving of resources, while the heat remains in the house.

The difference in the methods of preserving heat is not only in the procedure of work, but also in the use different materials for insulation, which can be divided into two categories:

vapor permeable;
vapor-tight.

This is very important characteristic, which tells how various materials able to absorb moisture. Having information about this characteristic, you can use the material for its intended purpose.

Vapor-permeable material is most often used indoors, and the same materials that are vapor-tight, respectively, outside.

The first way is to insulate the ceiling from the inside of the room

For work on the insulation of the ceiling from the inside of the room, you can use mineral insulation, in the people it is called "glass wool". Typically, a glass wool roll is mounted together with a plasterboard suspended ceiling, which significantly reduces the amount of heat loss.

Consider the main steps for insulating the ceiling with mineral wool:

collect metal carcass for fixing drywall;

mineral wool is glued into the niche between the plasterboard frame profiles directly to the ceiling using special glue (it “holds” tile glue well);

sheathe the resulting structure with drywall.

At first glance, this method of insulation seems quite simple, but this is only an assumption. In this technology, there are many subtleties that need to be taken into account.

For example, if you take the insulation itself, then you need to remember the fact that when installing it on the ceiling, it should not be compressed in any way. The question arises, why? Yes, because there are special air layers in mineral wool, which delay the escape of heat from the room.

The second way is to insulate the ceiling outside the room

Attic insulation (styrofoam or polystyrene foam) is perhaps one of the best ways to insulate a private house.

Because many of the problems that exist in the case considered earlier disappear. No need to mount a plasterboard ceiling, the need for unnecessary "body movements" disappears. How can this be done most efficiently?

First of all, you need to clean the attic from excess debris. This must be done for one reason - a clean surface is required for further work.

Then we buy a simple foam, the thickness of which must be at least 50 mm. And of course, there should be quite a lot of it to cover the entire surface of the attic. You can use polystyrene instead of polystyrene, but in this case it will cost much more than polystyrene.

We lay the foam on the floor surface, and fix the places where the connecting seams of the sheets go with mounting foam.

In principle, if the attic is not used for storing "very necessary things", then all work can be completed on this. If it will be used to store something, then it is additionally necessary to tighten the attic floor concrete screed otherwise, in six months the floor will crack from frequent walking. It is also necessary to reinforce the screed with a special metal mesh, while the floor filling layer must be at least 50 mm.

Outcome

Choosing from the two methods of ceiling insulation considered, think about which option is preferable for you. Perhaps, if the house has crooked ceilings, then it makes sense to use the first method for insulation, since drywall can do an excellent job of leveling. But the second method will still be less expensive. However, the choice is ultimately yours.

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