New modern technologies and materials for the construction of private houses. Construction of private houses using new technologies We build a house using modern technology

Long gone are the days when the construction of houses was carried out according to a single technology - now everyone can choose the method that will allow them to build a low-rise building in accordance with individual preferences and in the shortest possible time. The same applies to the materials used to build a house - the modern supply market will satisfy any demand.

When the stage of erecting the foundation is left behind, the most exciting period of construction work begins. It's about building the walls of your future home. Indeed, literally brick by brick, the building will move from the category of fantasies and plans into reality.

Modern materials for the construction of houses allow you to build a solid building in a short time, but first you need to understand the theoretical side of this issue. For example, find out what technologies for building the walls of houses exist. It is also necessary to decide on the materials that will be used in the work. Today it is important to take care not only about the beauty and convenience of the future building, but also its environmental friendliness. It's no secret that many materials for the construction and decoration of walls can be hazardous to health, so it's better to study all possible types of environmentally friendly materials in advance.

This material presents a comparison of private house construction technologies and characterizes new, environmentally friendly materials.

Technology for the construction of individual houses "Izodom"

In modern construction, not ordinary and wood are increasingly used, but new-generation materials that meet the increased requirements for the quality and durability of the future home.

Walls built using Izodom technology are superior to many other building materials in terms of sound insulation, thermal conductivity, speed of construction work and, of course, strength.

In accordance with the Izodom house construction technology, load-bearing walls are built from monolithic reinforced concrete and special formwork made of building polystyrene foam. This technology refers to the methods of construction of a new generation, but it is worth noting that the materials used in it have passed many years and thoroughly tested for strength.

The fixed formwork used in the technology of building individual houses "Izodom" is made of solid expanded polystyrene. By design, it is a hollow blocks that are filled with concrete. They are interconnected according to the Lego principle with the help of special locks and prevent concrete from flowing out.

Unfilled blocks are practically weightless, and even a child can lift them. Building on this technology is easy and fast. In just one technological operation, a monolithic concrete wall is erected, which is protected from the inside and outer side heat and sound insulating shell made of expanded polystyrene.

Bearing walls must have heat and sound insulation, and a margin of safety. To give them these parameters, it is necessary to exclude the use of porous building material, which can lead to loss heat-shielding properties, as well as increase the thickness of the wall, which in turn will lead to a large consumption of material. Styrofoam only 5 cm thick can replace concrete wall 2.5 m thick and at the same time will meet all the specified requirements.

Technology for building houses "Tise" (with video)

It is in human nature to strive for the best. In the field of construction, this is reflected in the constant search for the most economical technologies. Today, a new technology for building houses TISE, or TISE, has gained great popularity. This popularity is connected, first of all, with its extraordinary cheapness. In addition, when using TISE methods in construction, no special tools and technology, you can build a building gradually and in your free time.

For the construction of the foundation and walls according to the technology for the construction of private houses TISE, special blocks and adjustable formwork are required. The technology is extremely simple. On the prepared foundation are laid special shapes, the lower part of which has protrusions, which in turn capture the bottom row of blocks. It does not require the use masonry mortar, just moisten the bottom row of blocks with water. This reduces the cost of purchasing additional materials. In addition, laying is done very quickly. On a summer day, before laying the next row, you need to wait 4 hours, and at other times of the year - a day. The walls are reinforced with road or welded non-metallic mesh.

Thus, when using the TISE walling technology, neither a large construction site, nor electricity, nor specialized equipment and machinery are required. It is enough to have two hands, a head on your shoulders and purchase special blocks and formwork.

This video demonstrates the technology for building TISE houses:

What other technologies are used to build houses?

Behind last years do-it-yourself house building technologies have evolved. New techniques are gaining popularity that allow you to build a house quickly, efficiently and inexpensively.

Modules.

The module is finished item which consists of walls and ceilings. Such a module is made at a construction plant, that is, this element gets to the construction site already fully assembled, with engineering communications, with inserted window and doorways. The module is installed on a finished foundation or on other modules and attached using special fasteners.

Monolithic frame.

Until recently, a rigid monolithic frame was used only in construction. multi-storey buildings, but modern technologies allow the use of this system in low-rise construction. The advantages of monolithic-frame construction technology are reliability, speed of construction and long service life of the structure - up to two hundred years.

Heat efficient blocks.

Large heat-efficient blocks have been used in construction relatively recently, but it is already possible to identify a number of advantages of their use, the main of which is the speed of building walls. Heat-efficient blocks are materials of a new generation and consist of two layers of concrete, which are framed by 10 cm of expanded polystyrene. The blocks are interconnected with the help of fiberglass reinforcing rods.

Sandwich panels.

Sandwich panels consist of several layers various materials. These panels are large enough to allow construction works quickly and efficiently. This is one of the best technologies construction of private houses. If we compare brick and the latest building structures, which include sandwich panels, then the use of the latter allows us to reduce the time for building walls by 10 times. The panels are fastened with special butt locks to a pre-prepared frame. Wooden, metal and reinforced concrete structures are used as a frame. Joints are sealed with polyurethane foam or aluminum foil. Structures can be dismantled easily and quickly at any time. In addition, with the help of sandwich panels, you can clad an already finished house in order to increase its thermal insulation properties.

What are the best materials used to build houses?

In the construction of houses, you can use a variety of materials, since there is no shortage of them on the modern market. But will life in such a house be comfortable and healthy? It is no secret that some materials are made using toxic components. Therefore, the construction of a "healthy" home begins with the search for modern environmentally friendly materials.

Ground block.

It consists of cement, peat, ash, sawdust and needles. Due to the fact that it contains cement, it is resistant to moisture. Alternatively, you can use unstabilized soil blocks, which are made from the soil itself. This is one of the best materials for building houses, as it has high strength, low thermal conductivity, fire resistance and low cost.

Geokar.

The basis for its composition is peat processed into a paste, as well as straw, shavings, sawdust. All components are carefully dried and formed into blocks. There will be no mold and rodents in the geocar house. In addition, it has durability, high heat capacity and sound insulation.

Kerpen.

Speaking about what material is better for building a house, you should definitely talk about kerpen. It belongs to the materials of a new generation and is made from natural raw materials. The environmental properties of kerpen are comparable to ordinary glass. The material has frost resistance, durability, moisture resistance and is resistant to drops. atmospheric pressure. If you want to have a truly ecological clean house, use natural materials. No, you are not invited to build a hut from reeds or straw, although they are part of many materials. Stop your choice on shell rock, chalk, limestone, wood or adobe. In addition, rubble or cobblestone are successfully used in construction.

Pink artik tuff.

This ultra- modern material for the construction of houses has not yet become widespread. Meanwhile, it is durable and frost-resistant. Tuff is used only for the construction of low-rise buildings.

Clay fired brick.

When choosing a material for building a house, one should not forget about clay kiln bricks. This is a modern counterpart of ordinary brick, but in terms of its properties it is more suitable for a person. It has good heat capacity, thermal conductivity, strength, water resistance and fire resistance.

Zidarite.

Zidarite is used in frame-monolithic construction as a formwork. This one of the best materials for building a private house includes wood (89%), cement (10%), water and liquid glass (1%).

Fiberboard.

Like zidarite, fibrolite is used in monolithic construction as a formwork for creating ceilings, partitions and interior decoration. This modern material for the construction of private houses. Consists of a filler, a sealer and a binder component. The main advantages of fiberboard are fire resistance, sound insulation and, of course, environmental friendliness of the material.

Home building tools

New, modern technologies for building houses allow you to build walls with your own hands using a minimum of tools. Judge for yourself: it is enough for the master to have at hand:

• a drill with a nozzle or a concrete mixer - for the preparation of adhesive and masonry mortar;
• bucket for applying the solution;
• various improvised tools: rubber hammer, level, plumb line, hacksaw, spatula, brushes for sweeping debris, shovels and buckets;
• optical level or theodolite;
• power tools: circular saw, electric planer.

As you can see, in our age high technology nothing supernatural is required for construction. The main thing is to use the tools and materials for building a house wisely.

When choosing a suitable project for a future home, developers primarily focus on speed installation work, because for modern man any delay seems to be a serious problem - such are the realities of our fast-paced life. It is also important that we all do not want to face unpleasant moments that may be caused by seasonal changes in the weather, as this will negatively affect the delivery time of the object, and the desire to quickly find a new home makes us accelerate. That is why people are increasingly interested in new technologies in the construction of private houses..

Modern technologies in construction

Now let's talk about the practical aspect, because it is also important. For example, if you rent a construction tool that needs to be paid daily, who wants to overpay? This is where advanced solutions come to the rescue, allowing you to implement standard project in just two or three months. So what do the authors offer us? innovative developments, and what can we successfully implement on our construction site?

Modern and popular technology

We want to immediately draw your attention to the fact that new technologies and high-tech building materials are different concepts, although they are in the same plane. For example, foam concrete blocks, rounded wooden logs and OSB boards s - products that have appeared not so long ago, but this is by no means a technology for building a house, another thing is the way they are installed. Here you and non-standard approach to the usual construction process, and improving the performance of private houses, but let's talk about everything in order.

TISE

This abbreviation is more familiar to us under the name "folk", also known as "movable formwork", and in full it sounds: Individual Construction Technology and Ecology. This invention belongs entirely to our compatriots, which is doubly pleasant. The main advantage of this innovative approach is that you can build a house with your own hands, without the help of specialists.

Application of moving formwork technology

Technology principle

Modern construction of private houses, based on this method, is characterized by pouring pile or column foundations, often understaffed with a grillage. Your main tool at this stage will be a drill, which was specially designed for TISE.

The walls of such houses are assembled from hollow lightweight blocks, formed directly on the construction site using modular formwork, which must be periodically moved. The whole point of the construction method is that you fix the modules (forms) in the place where the wall of the house will be, and pour concrete into them. When the solution hardens, the modules are dismantled and transferred to a new location.

Construction of walls according to TISE

pros

If you all decide to build such a structure, then you will certainly be pleased with the absence of the so-called cold bridges, which modern developers are struggling with with varying success.. Also, you do not need a whole team of builders, because this kind of construction does not require more than 2 - 3 people, including the owner of the house, and even then only for individual processes (moving the formwork, drilling the soil).

Formwork dimensions

In this case, you do not have to rent or buy special equipment, which significantly reduces the construction estimate. Moreover, you can independently choose the composition of the filler for the walls of such houses and combine materials (as an option - brick with concrete).

frame construction

At present, we rarely resort to such a technology for building houses, but this is rather due to a lack of information among private developers, which can change in a short time, which means that there is a prospect for its distribution.

Peculiarities

After the foundation is poured, proceed to the assembly of the frame. This design consists of beam elements arranged horizontally, vertically and diagonally, and articulated with each other. As a rule, wooden or metal frame elements are used here - it all depends on the personal preferences of the owners of the houses.

Wooden frame assembly

Metal blanks are naturally stronger, but their connection will require drilling technological holes, which can be replaced welding work, and this complicates the process, but we want to build a house quickly and without difficulties. Based on the intricacies of working with metals, wooden "skeletons" remain more popular.. Most often it is a beam that facilitates construction. wooden houses on new technologies thanks to the correct geometry.

Design frame structure

The walls here are a kind of sheathing, and they can be built from various materials, with which they work according to new principles:

Please note that the second option is more difficult to implement (we are talking about the fact that we want to build a dwelling with small forces). It is difficult enough to assemble ready-made shields correctly without violating technology. Yes, and without a crane it is impossible to lift such massive elements, and this significantly complicates the process and leads to its rise in price.

Advantages

Any type of foundation is suitable for the construction of such buildings, no matter what soils it will be poured on, even if we are talking about problematic landscapes. Also here there is the possibility of a quick redevelopment, not bearing high costs. The same applies to extensions, with which you can easily increase the area of ​​\u200b\u200bprivate houses - install additional frame elements and sheathe new walls.

For finishing You can use any materials, there are no restrictions.

3D panels

New trends in the construction industry sometimes represent modified principles that appeared earlier, and with 3D panels, vaguely reminiscent of the method of assembling frame-panel houses.

Construction from 3D panels

Panels produced in industrial scale, are not prefabricated shields, but monolithic polystyrene boards, pre-reinforced reinforcing meshes on each side. Between themselves, they are connected with the help of metal rods, which penetrate the structure diagonally and go beyond it. It is not difficult to build a house from such blocks, because they have enough a light weight, and the assembly is strong and reliable.

Features and Benefits

Here there is no "skeleton" of the house in its classical sense, and instead of it there are panels connected by a rigid coupling and forming the load-bearing walls of the building. After their erection, the structure is covered with a "shirt" of concrete on each side of the mounted panels.

3D panel design

The polymeric material of which modern panels, allows you to reduce heat loss to a minimum, and this is an essential point in the construction modern houses both wooden and panel. You can also build a structure from SIP panels - these are also new materials in the construction industry. However, they are little used on private construction sites due to their large dimensions.

Basically, such material is chosen for the installation of large-scale objects. If for some reason you still do not leave the idea of ​​​​using SIP panels on your own site, it is better to order them from the manufacturer by individual drawings, which will cost a pretty penny, and a lot.

Fixed formwork

One of the most well-known technologies, often used in private construction due to its availability and ease of execution.

Ready-made house using fixed formwork technology

Construction principle

Like TISE technology, here the basis of the principle is that you can quickly build a house without a team of craftsmen.

Fixed formwork made of expanded polystyrene

Fixed formwork can be formed from block or panel elements, which during operation are placed along the perimeter of the base at a certain distance from each other, forming a partition. Reinforcement is placed in the cavity between the blocks and the concrete mass is poured.

pros

As mentioned earlier, you can build such a house yourself, which will save you a lot of money. Assistants may be needed only at the stage of pouring the foundation and during the installation of floors, otherwise you can handle it yourself. At the same time, choosing correct filler for wall formwork, you do not have to worry about additional thermal insulation.

It turns out that the construction of houses can be inexpensive and quite simple, and we are talking about both block structures and their wooden counterparts. Knowing and applying the latest technologies, building a quality home today will not be difficult.

The evolution of housing construction over the past decades has made it possible to radically change the idea of ​​​​comfortable, safe and functional housing. The introduction of automated systems, improving the efficiency of engineering and unsurpassed technical and physical properties of building materials are the key areas in which modern building Houses. New construction technologies are also actively absorbing innovative solutions from related fields.

Development of alternative approaches to production processes, electrical know-how as well as scientific discoveries leave their mark on technological solutions in construction area. At the same time, development covers almost all existing niches- from methods of laying the foundation to power tools and finishing materials.

block formwork

As you know, the foundation of the house is the foundation. To obtain a strong and reliable structure, it must have an appropriate platform. The principles on which the construction of houses is carried out using the new technology of block (or fixed) formwork involve several directions. One of the most popular in Russia is the formation of formwork from polystyrene hollow elements with

The design feature is that the load from the walls is transferred to a monolithic reinforced concrete base- the formwork itself includes slabs, block components, as well as lightweight panels. By the way, the latter do not require removal after the concrete has hardened, and provide two functions: heat-insulating and shaping.

In addition to polystyrene foam materials, the new technology for building houses also allows the use of wood-cement structures made from slabs and blocks. In the manufacture of such formwork, cement and coniferous chips from woodworking waste are used, which also affects the environmental qualities of the building.

Thermohouse

A vivid illustration of the advantages of using polystyrene foam and block formwork is a thermal house. It provides for the installation of a monolithic concrete base, which is realized through insulated molded components. It is obvious that new technologies for building private houses in cold regions require increased thermal insulation, which is provided by polystyrene foam elements.

These are hollow thermoblocks, in the niches of which concrete mortar. This forms a 15 cm monolithic wall, which has double-sided insulation with polystyrene foam panels 5 cm thick.

3D technologies in construction

Not to mention the fact that the use of three-dimensional modeling has been practiced for many years in the development of interior design projects and the preparation of technical documentation, today 3D material itself is gaining popularity. Special panels that act as a link between monolithic and allowed to master new technologies. Materials in construction based on 3D panels can be thought of as factory-made polystyrene foam elements.

By design, they resemble ordinary plates, but enclosed in a braid of two running in parallel. Connections in the panels are formed by diagonal rods made of stainless or galvanized wire. The fixation of the rods occurs at an angle - in this way the polystyrene base breaks through, which creates a spatial cavity along with reinforcing meshes. In its final form, such a system is covered with concrete and looks like a one-piece monolithic structure.

The innovation of frame housing construction

The name of this technique among specialists may be associated with sets of prefabricated elements from which rapid construction Houses. New building technologies have undoubtedly succeeded in this area, but in the case of frame know-how, something else is important.

The design of such buildings provides for the dilution of the load from the walls and components that provide a load-bearing function. That is, the first ones in this case do not act as a holding element - this task is shifted to the vertical frame by a fundamentally new technology for building houses according to the frame principle, thanks to which new opportunities open up for builders in the construction of walls, since one of the key functions (bearing) disappears.

Smart home idea

Perhaps the most relevant area, which is being developed the largest producers and construction organizations. According to the concept of a "smart" home, the living space is optimized as much as possible both in terms of energy efficiency and ease of use.

Since there are risks of a significant rise in the cost of such projects, companies tend to focus on economical construction of a house. New construction technologies from different areas make it possible to combine communication systems, security devices, lighting equipment, electrical appliances and other elements to ensure functionality and comfort into a single infrastructure. The interconnection of individual systems, implemented in one complex, greatly facilitates the operation of the house and optimizes the consumption of its resources.

Innovations in lighting technology

At this stage in the development of lighting products, LED products clearly stand out. This is confirmed by the massive transition to Led-lighting of industrial and public facilities, however, private sector shows interest in a profitable source of light. The use of new technologies in construction is especially pronounced. country houses which are the most energy intensive. Comprehensive supply of cottages with LED devices saves up to 50%, while maintaining high performance and quality of lighting. In the latest models of LED lamps, manufacturers use fundamentally new solutions - for example, they introduce polycarbonate and aluminum elements into the body, and the base of the lamp is provided with prismatic diffusers.

Tool and equipment

In these areas, product improvement is driven by fierce competition in the market. Convenience, efficiency and safety in operation construction tool increased due to the introduction of new clamps for processing heads, more reliable cutting components, high-power batteries, anti-vibration systems, etc. Ergonomics are not ignored either - manufacturers use special plastic and rubber compounds in the tool, which simplifies construction. New technologies, new equipment and a wide range of auxiliary systems make it possible to carry out repair and installation operations safely, quickly and efficiently.

"Green" technologies

Technological progress in construction can no longer be imagined without composite and synthetic materials. Despite the manufacturers' assurances of the absolute safety of such products, the true environmental friendliness of the house is possible only if natural raw materials are used. For all their exoticism, designs of structures made of adobe, clay, earth and other materials are in demand and are being improved. The foundation is made on the basis of harmless concrete, and shingles, reeds, straw, etc. are used in the roofing.

The concept of the "Fox Hole" project also seems very original - in essence, it involves the earthen construction of a house. New construction technologies here can be considered as the very idea of ​​maximum approximation to nature. Less radical options for eco-houses include structures that minimize the use of potent mixtures, coatings, plastic cladding and other non-natural building materials.

Housing development trends

It is difficult to single out or outline at least approximate directions that may be continued in the future. There are quite a lot of them, and the close interconnection of different approaches in direct construction does not allow us to distinguish between technology specializations. For example, entry fiberglass reinforcement entails changes in the foundation construction methods, and the application imposes new requirements on the fixing elements. It follows from this that the latest technologies in construction are aimed at achieving a specific task, taking into account and developing related areas.

It is also impossible to predict what construction will be like in 20-50 years. Today, the use of some space technologies is entering the practice, gunpowder tools are appearing - perhaps these areas will soon lay the foundation for new housing construction concepts, leaving behind the once revolutionary "warm" floor, polycarbonate alloys and vinyl wallpaper. But in any case, the latest technologies in construction will be focused on a completely traditional set of characteristics. modern home- energy efficiency, comfort and ergonomics, reliability and durability, safety and economy. Development technologies are brought under such requests building mixtures, block materials, equipment, etc.

The world around us is becoming more and more perfect every day, progress is observed in all sectors. Thanks to this, new materials and technologies appear in housing construction, which raise it to a completely different level. First of all, they allow you to carry out work at any time of the year, which has a positive effect on the speed of construction of facilities, and significantly improve their performance.

Characteristics and properties of modern materials

The choice of building material is influenced by cost, the speed of wall construction, strength and thermal conductivity, and the need for finishing. In low-rise construction in Russia today they are increasingly using:

1. glued timber;
2. foam and aerated concrete blocks;
3. SIP panels.

Glued laminated timber

This material can be called elite, as it is not cheap.

Advantages:

• strength;
• accurate geometric shapes;
• does not shrink;
• ease of assembly.

In addition to the high price, glued laminated timber has another drawback that affects its environmental friendliness: the glue used in the manufacture.

Foam concrete blocks

Nowadays, foam concrete blocks are often used in cottage construction, which:

• perfectly retain heat;
• have a small weight;
• normalize humidity;
• easy to install and handle.

The disadvantages include fragility and hydrophobia. Therefore, when working with this material, it is necessary to use reinforcement and provide for additional finishing.

Aerated concrete blocks

In terms of popularity, they are not inferior to the previous material. In their structure, they differ in large pores.

Advantages:

• light weight helps to reduce the load on the foundation;
• ease of installation;
• precise geometric shapes facilitate finishing;
• the presence of plasticizers allows installation at low temperatures;
• reliability and durability;
• low cost;

For aerated concrete blocks, in addition to outer cladding, insulation is required.

SIP panels

Increasingly, low-rise construction uses new technologies that are borrowed from other countries. Today, in cottage settlements, you can often find warm and comfortable houses made of SIP panels, made according to Canadian technology.

Advantages:

• Ease of installation. The panels are fastened with self-tapping screws to the timber. The term for the construction of such a house is a couple of weeks.
• Ease of finishing.
• Quick redevelopment if necessary.
• High sound insulation.

The disadvantages include the fact that they practically do not let air through and belong to the group of combustible building materials.

New technologies in private housing construction

Traditionally, private houses were built of wood. In spite of high price, this technology is quite popular in our country. At the same time, for the construction of private housing, blocks are increasingly being used, which are much cheaper than wood. An unconventional approach to construction is the TISE method.

What is TISE technology?

The technology involves the installation of pile elements or column foundation, understaffed grillage.

The essence of the method is that the module is fixed at the location of the wall, and later concrete is poured into it. The molds are dismantled after the mortar has hardened and installed in another place.

Advantages:

• No thermal bridges;
• Special equipment is not required;
• Possibility of choosing the composition for the wall filler;
• 2-3 people are enough to carry out the work.

When building a house using TISE technology, it is important to control the construction process. So, every 4-5 rows a reinforcing mesh is laid, then the verticality of the wall being erected is checked.

Construction of a frame house

The frame is assembled after the foundation has been poured. The design consists of beam elements fastened together, installed diagonally, horizontally and vertically. The base is wood or metal.

The role of sheathing is performed by walls, for the construction of which various materials are used:

• on a wooden frame made of OSB boards. Expanded clay, foam concrete, light fibrous materials are used as thermal insulation.
• completed shields.

For the second option, you will have to use special equipment, since the shields are quite heavy. And to collect them, observing the technology, is also quite difficult.

Advantages:

• For the construction of such a house, any foundation is suitable.
• Redevelopment does not require large investments.
• It allows you to increase the area of ​​\u200b\u200bhousing at no extra cost.

Any material can be used as a finish for frame buildings without restrictions.

3D panels

Reminiscent of the frame-panel assembly method. The difference is that they are made in industrial environment and represent monolithic slabs from expanded polystyrene, which are pre-reinforced and reinforced on all sides with meshes. They are connected to each other with metal rods passing through the entire structure diagonally. Buildings built from such blocks are durable, warm and economical.

Advantages:

• The frame of the house, in its classical sense, is absent with this technology. The panels, rigidly interconnected, form load-bearing walls, which, after erection, are covered on both sides with a concrete jacket.
• The panels are made from polymer materials having a high energy efficiency index, therefore, heat loss will be negligible.
• Reduced construction time due to ease of assembly.
• Industrial production is a guarantee of the quality of individual elements, and therefore the building itself.
• The light weight of the panels eliminates the need to install a heavy foundation.

The cost of 3D panels cannot be attributed to the budget, but it is comparable to the price of foam and aerated concrete products.

House using fixed formwork technology

Formwork, with this method, remains in place and becomes part of the wall or foundation. The principle of installation is similar brickwork. In the structural elements there are grooves or special connections made according to the type of locks.

Opposite blocks are fastened with ties. Reinforcement in this case is vertical. Filling is carried out in cycles, in one run the height should not exceed 3-4 rows of blocks.

Advantages:

• The result is a monolithic design that is reliable in itself. Fixed formwork forms an additional frame, which further strengthens the walls of the house.
• Monolithic walls exert less pressure on the foundation, which allows you to increase the number of storeys of the building.
• Expanded polystyrene is not only an excellent insulation, but also has good soundproofing characteristics.
• There is no need to rent expensive special equipment with this technology. And the filling process itself is not particularly laborious.
• Finishing outside and inside the building will not require extra costs, so the surface of the walls created by the blocks is smooth.
• The service life of such buildings, subject to technology, is not less than a century.

The cost of a house built in this way will be significantly lower than a brick or wooden one.

Conclusion: Innovations in low-rise housing construction are aimed at solving specific tasks. It is almost impossible to predict what it will be like in a couple of decades. But one way or another, the latest technologies in construction will be aimed at providing comfort, efficiency, reliability and durability of our housing.

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Construction is one of the leading industries, constantly developing in search of new materials and technologies. New construction technologies are aimed at cheapening finished products , acceleration of deadlines houses in operation. Reduced production costs, high factory readiness building structures- the main directions of improvement.

The materials used in construction must meet high quality standards. Not only production technologies are being updated, but also technical equipment modern enterprises. The environmental friendliness of the process is an important component.

The main qualities required from building materials - strength, durability, energy efficiency. Wood processing technologies are progressing, such as the production of SIP panels, Velox formwork. The introduction of a new insulation, expanded polystyrene, in combination with the hardness of concrete, gave new elements - 3D panels and fixed formwork.

New technologies and their features

Technologies are aimed at reduction of labor intensity and construction time buildings. Frame construction reduces the need for complex construction equipment and mechanisms, leads to a decrease in cost square meter both private and multi-storey buildings.

Individual private houses from 3D panels become available to buyers with a small budget, technology TISE there is a growing trend towards self-construction. Steel thin-walled LSTK panels allow you to build warm, comfortable houses on threaded connections.

TISE

TISE is short for Individual Construction Technology and Ecology. The system is designed for self-construction of private houses. Technology includes:

• arrangement of a universal pile foundation;
• production of concrete wall blocks with the help of adjustable removable formwork.

In addition to technology, innovative tools have been developed, TISE drill and TISE formwork. The drill is equipped with blades that allow you to get an underground expansion to strengthen the pile support area.

Steel formwork forms one hollow block. It has three standard sizes 19 - 38 cm, depending on the design thickness of the walls. To make a hole for electrical wiring or utility pipes, an insert of the required diameter is inserted.

The formation of the block takes place on the wall, in a row of masonry. The formwork is rearranged to fill the next concrete block. The rows are reinforced, the voids of the block are filled with insulation, penoizol or expanded clay.

Technology Essentially reduces the cost of materials All work is done independently. The concrete mix for forming blocks is started in a small volume, which allows you to work at your own pace, in the evenings or weekends. Jobs do not require special skills.

frame construction

Technology frame construction based on joint work two components - a frame that perceives loads and a frame filling that has the most energy-saving qualities.

The frame of the building is formed by:

• foundation;
• vertical columns;
• horizontal beams, or crossbars;
• overlap.

Used to fill brick, light cellular concrete, sandwich panels.

The frame construction scheme is characterized by increased strength, stability of the building, and is equally suitable for individual and multi-storey mass buildings. Frame buildings erected on weak soils, in areas of permafrost, areas with increased seismic activity.

For multi-storey buildings, the main frame material is reinforced concrete. In individual construction are more common wood or metal frames.

3D panels

3D panel is a light, warm spatial design. It is a sheet of expanded polystyrene, located between two metal meshes, reinforced with braces. The braces are welded to the nets. The mesh frame of the panels is interconnected, reinforced, concrete mortar is applied on both sides, shotcrete.

Shotcrete– pressure application method compressed air to the surface reinforced concrete structures mortar for the purpose of filling micropores, microcracks. Shotcrete is carried out several times, reaching the thickness of the layer 50-60 mm.

The result is durable three-layer wall construction, consisting of a concrete shell, reinforcing layers and insulation - expanded polystyrene. Network engineering are laid between the mesh and the expanded polystyrene sheet.

Fixed formwork

Fixed formwork is used in frame monolithic construction. The principle of technology is based on the fact that the established form for pouring the concrete mixture after curing not deleted. Formwork becomes one with multi-layer construction walls. The device uses materials such as expanded polystyrene, wood-concrete and glass-magnesite sheets, wood concrete.

Basic requirements for fixed formwork:

• the ability to withstand the weight of concrete while maintaining its structural shape;
• giving concrete additional qualities: thermal insulation, vapor permeability, sound insulation.

Fixed formwork is interconnected by locks. Construction is proceeding at a good pace, large-sized equipment is not used.

Construction from SIP panels

SIP panels were developed and tested in Canada in the middle of the last century.

harsh climate and low temperatures winter formed the basic principle of technology - the most efficient energy saving.

Panels consisting of two layers of OSB with insulation glued in the middle, polystyrene foam, create a thermos, are not blown through.

OSB sheets do not absorb moisture. SIP panels are delivered to the facility in full factory readiness ready-to-assemble thorn-groove locks. Plates are pre-brought to the design dimensions, window, doorways cut through.

Assembly instructions accompany the project. Houses are quickly built according to the technology, work is carried out at any time of the year. The total weight of the building is small, the foundation is not strengthened, the house does not shrink.

Principles of construction technology from SIP panels:

• quick payback due to savings on heating;
• continuous construction cycle;
• reduced labor intensity of work;
• low costs for the construction of the foundation;
• possible independent construction.

SIP is an abbreviation for "structural insulation panel".

Velox

Velox is an Austrian technology of monolithic construction in fixed formwork made of chip-cement slabs. Formwork is produced from wood waste, 95% consists of spruce chips. mineralized wood chips pressed with cement enriched with ammonium sulfate and liquid glass.

The resulting plates are warm, environmentally friendly, with good soundproofing qualities.

The preserved properties of wood provide air exchange, the surfaces are firmly bonded to the plaster.

Panels are easily processed, sawn, fastened with nails. Structural elements from Velox do not rot, do not lose properties when wet.

In the process of work, the formwork is filled with concrete. End result - three-layer durable, warm wall.

Dimensional versatility, ease of processing allows you to build individual houses any form and complexity. Due to the thermal insulation properties of the formwork, concreting work even in sub-zero temperatures.

LSTK technology

Light steel thin-walled structures consist of several layers:

• exterior finish;
• two layers of gypsum fiber;
• insulation;
• vapor barrier film;
• interior decoration.

The shape of the panels is formed by guides, rack profiles and jumpers made made of thin-walled galvanized metal. Some of the profiles are perforated to avoid thermal bridges. This type of profile is called a thermal profile. The cladding is a metal profiled sheet coated with a paint and varnish layer. All connections are threaded, no wet work.

Technology is valued for low costs, fast assembly from parts, fully engineered at the factory, the ability to work in winter, energy-saving qualities. The construction of LSTK does not need to be applied construction equipment. If necessary, the house can be easily disassembled and transported to a new location.

The use of thermogran panels

Thermogran is a new Russian development. The technology for obtaining the material has developed from foam glass production. Silicate glass at a temperature of 1000 degrees under the action of a blowing agent softens, foams, and upon solidification gains the necessary strength.

Thermogran in composition and production method is close to foam glass. Foam glass-ceramic granules are obtained from natural raw materials, processing minerals of sedimentary, volcanic rocks. Production is environmentally friendly, without toxic waste, saves water. Due to rich deposits of raw materials, thermogran has a low cost.

Panels from a thermogran single-layer, wall thickness 250 mm. Specific gravity 1 m3 of construction is only 160 kg. Filling the frame, get a smooth smooth surface, resistant to moisture, fire, chemical attack. Thermogran retains its characteristics in the temperature range from -200 to +700 degrees.

Walls do not need plastering, immediately finished with wallpaper or painted. Heating according to technology is placed in the floors.

The main task of the know-how of private construction is the production of affordable high-quality housing that keeps pace with the times.