Construction of frame houses according to Finnish technology. Why a frame house using Finnish technology has become so popular

Finnish housing construction technologies in Russia have gained considerable popularity, and this is easy to explain. In Europe, increased attention has always been paid to the build quality, reliability and energy efficiency of the house, in addition, cold climate Finland forced builders to look for the best options for insulation. Finnish prefabricated panel houses are in demand both as summer cottages and as full-fledged housing in a suburban area. What are their features and benefits?

Finnish frame-panel construction technology

The Finnish panel house is a structure based on a frame made of durable timber, sheathed wooden shields with insulation. External cladding can be made from the most different materials, such a building will look very beautiful.

TO frame structures many are prejudiced, considering them unsuitable for Russian realities. This is partly to blame for unscrupulous builders who ruined the reputation of such buildings at the very beginning of their appearance in Russia. What real pluses and cons of such houses?

External cladding can be represented by a block house, modern siding, any other materials. Since the house has very even walls, you can immediately go to fine finish using any of the options.

The Finnish prefabricated house from shields, like any other design, has its drawbacks. Its durability and reliability directly depends on the quality of the frame and wall panels, so in no case should you save on materials. In addition, the tree combustible material, which means that it will be necessary to thoroughly comply with all fire safety measures

By itself frame-panel structure has low soundproofing qualities, so additional exterior finish. This increases the value of the house, but it will still cost less than a brick or concrete building.

How to build a prefabricated panel house using Finnish technology

Creation works own house starts with design. Many construction companies offer standard solutions according to ready-made projects, it remains only to finalize the layout and location of internal partitions.

Wooden frame for big house has a complex device, so the project must be ordered from professionals. A beam with a section of 245x100 mm is used as a material for the frame, if the area is seismically active, it should be thicker.

The walls are made of multilayer panel panels: the inner layer is made of OSB - oriented strand boards with flat surface. The outer layer of the panel is most often made of waterproof fiberboard: the fibreboard is treated with wax to provide protection from external moisture. A layer of insulation is laid between them: usually it is mineral wool, sometimes extruded polystyrene foam or other modern materials are used.

Main stages of construction:

• Building a foundation. The depth of the trench for the foundation of the house is about 50 cm, formwork is installed along the edges. A reinforcing mesh is laid at the bottom of the trench, after which the foundation is poured concrete mortar brand M300 and above.

Often instead of a tape base for frame buildings a foundation is laid on the basis of bored piles. It is cheaper and much faster, since after driving the piles, you can continue construction immediately.

• Frame construction. First set vertical corner beam, while the diagonals of the house must be exactly the same. Installed parallel to the corners vertical racks, which are the basis for the cross beams.

Horizontal lintels are installed, outlining the contour of the window and doorways. To prevent wall elements from being skewed, additional diagonal jumpers are needed.

When the house is assembled from finished elements, you can proceed to the interior decoration and exterior cladding. The house can be left without additional insulation, but more often it is provided with a layer of mineral wool and cladding like a ventilated facade. Interior decoration can be completed in the shortest possible time: walls are covered with wallpaper or paneled, tiles, laminate, linoleum or other materials can be laid on the floor.

A properly assembled Finnish house will last a long time, it will be cozy, warm and very reliable. This technology has been used for more than one century, and it has managed to prove its effectiveness.

Finland is known for its skillful, practical and detailed approach to organizing a comfortable and aesthetic living space. In addition, Scandinavian frame houses designed for a harsh climate, so their construction technologies are often borrowed by domestic builders. Let's figure out what are the features of popular buildings, what are the main principles and nuances of the construction of Finnish carcasses.

Features of Finnish technology

The variety of approaches to frame housing construction can be conditionally divided into two categories: American and Finnish. The first technology involves the preparation, cutting and installation of wall panels at the construction site.

According to the Scandinavian method, the bulk structural elements manufactured at the factory. The workshop produces cutting, fitting parts, and sometimes complete assembly. Finished house installed on the foundation or assembled from individual modules on site.

In addition, Finnish technology has other features:

1. Effective thermal insulation. Particular attention is paid to the issue of insulation - the thickness of the wall cake reaches 25 cm. The role of a heat insulator is played by natural materials.
2. Self-supporting roof. Roof structure - truss-truss, which gives freedom in the internal layout.
3. House upholstery. For tying walls, wood-fiber boards, moisture-resistant drywall for facade work are mainly used.
4. Frame with crossbars. To take the load off window openings install vertical jumpers. The crossbar tie-in eliminates the need for window headers and double top trim, which is inherent in American technology.

The layout of the house in Finnish is based on two main principles: rationality and comfort. Scandinavian projects thought out to the smallest detail - the space is used as efficiently as possible.

Varieties of Scandinavian buildings

Construction order frame houses on Finnish technology depends on the readiness of the factory house kit. There are three types of structures:

1. . A single block or several modules-rooms with thermal insulation are delivered to the construction site, facade decoration and windows. It remains to install the house on the foundation, fix the roof and make redecorating inside. The disadvantage of this method is the complexity of transportation and installation.
2. high readiness. At the plant, according to the project, they cut the walls, their insulation, facade and interior rough finish. On the site, builders assemble a house from panel blocks, erect internal partitions, ceilings, mount the roof and bring communications.
3. Pre Cut Kit. Building a house from prefabricated parts - elements of the roof, frame, walls, ceilings are delivered unassembled. All details are pre-fitted and numbered. Associated building materials (heat and vapor barrier, facade cladding, etc.) are brought uncut.

It is the latter method that is most popular among compatriots. Main advantages: affordable cost, possibility self assembly without special equipment.

Stages of construction: requirements and nuances of building a house

Whole technological process can be roughly divided into several main stages. Let us describe the features of the choice of structural elements and present general scheme building Finnish home.

Selection and laying of the foundation

Scandinavian frame houses, as a rule, are installed on two types of foundations:

• floors on the ground or insulated Finnish foundation - UFF;
• insulated swedish stove – .

UVF. Made from 3-4 rows of expanded clay concrete blocks. Base dimensions: width - 20 cm, height - 60-80 cm.

UFF arrangement scheme:

1. Laying a strip shallow foundation. It is carried out along the perimeter of the house on top of a sand and gravel cushion. Tape width - 25-30 cm.
2. Waterproofing the base and erecting a plinth of brick or foam blocks.
3. Backfilling of the fenced area with gravel, insulation with foam boards.
4. Arrangement of "warm floor", laying of pipes for water supply and sewerage.
5. Pouring concrete screed.

USP. Integrated system , consisting of a foundation body, a drainage layer, a heat-insulating blind area and engineering communications. The house is mounted on the surface of the slab, prepared for the finishing floor. Disadvantages of angle grinders: high cost of arranging on slopes, low base.

During construction compact building, for example, baths or country houses, use a block or strip foundation.

The nuances of the construction of the frame

The optimal basis for the supporting frame is a dry planed board. alternative, more available material, - glued timber. In Scandinavian technology, unlike the Canadian one, frame variability is allowed. Offers of various construction companies may differ in the implementation of individual elements and docking nodes.

Large firms offer a semblance of I-beams for racks - this solution reduces the likelihood of the formation of "cold bridges". An interesting option- composite beams combined with low thermal conductivity material.

Usage racks with "thermal break" improves the thermal efficiency of the house, but increases the building budget. A more economical method is to use conventional rectangular beams.

In Finnish buildings, double racks near window openings are not made. Reinforcement can be abandoned, since a crossbar made of LVL beam is installed between the upper trim and the window lintel. Puff veneer is better than other lumber in terms of resistance to horizontal loads.

Cladding materials

The slab finishing of the frame in American housing construction adds rigidity to the structure - solid sheathing is used OSB boards. In Finnish technology, this approach is rarely used. Three methods of sheathing are popular among Scandinavians:

1. Wood fiber boards (MDF). sheet material inferior to OSB canvases in strength, but surpasses them in sound and heat insulation performance. Popular brands Fiberboard: Isoplat, Beltermo, Steiko. Characteristics of the plates: thickness - 25 mm, thermal conductivity - 0.037 W / m * K.
2. Facade plasterboard. Gypsum-fiber sheets differ from fiberboard in a more affordable cost, better strength and fire safety, but inferior in thermal conductivity - 0.3 W / m * K. The material provides the required rigidity to the frame and at the same time is a wind barrier.
3. Joists and plywood. Plywood sheets of increased moisture resistance and a thickness of 10 mm or more are used, marking - FSF. According to the technology, rigidity is achieved by slabs and braces mounted at the corners of the house. The rest of the walls remain without sheathing - only a windproof membrane is installed.

The last option is the cheapest, but not suitable for cold regions. With this solution, the thermal efficiency of the building deteriorates significantly.

Wall cake: insulation and insulation

In Scandinavian construction, this issue is assigned special meaning. The width of the insulation technological standards: 250 mm - walls, 300-500 mm - floors and attic.

Fibrous thermal insulation materials are used - mineral wool stacked in Wall panels, and fill with ecowool horizontal surfaces floors, insulate the roof with a gentle slope. The role of vapor barrier is assigned to special membranes or ordinary polyethylene for 200 microns.

Typical wall pie chart:

• front finishing with wood;
• ventilated space;
• wood fiber boards or facade drywall;
• frame with a layer of thermal insulation;
• vapor barrier film;
• additional insulation along the horizontal crate;
• draft - sheets of drywall or lining.

Exterior and interior decoration

In the facade cladding, the Scandinavians prefer different wood materials. The lining and planken are especially popular. Less commonly used smart siding - composite material based on moisture resistant oriented strand board. The outer side of the panel is an imitation of the relief texture of wood.

plaster, vinyl siding, thermal panels and facade brick rarely seen in exterior finish Finnish houses. These techniques are used in no more than 10% of cases.

Features of the arrangement of the wooden facade:

1. A prerequisite is the presence of a ventilation gap.
2. The Finns do not fix the cladding hidden, but on the outside of the panel. This solution further enhances the structural rigidity of the building.
3. Facing is usually painted in two stages. The first is priming the wood, the second is painting in 2-3 layers.

Interesting fact- before painting, the Scandinavians “fluff” the board a little. The presence of pile contributes to the formation of a thicker and more durable protective layer.

The interior design of Finnish frame houses is not much different from the American approach. Usually the walls are sheathed with gypsum boards for wallpapering, painting, wood trim. Taking into account the peculiarities of the foundation and the presence of the "warm floor" system, the first floor is tiled.

Roof technology

Ceilings and roof construction are based on factory-made trusses. The truss system of the Finnish building is designed so that all the loads are taken over by the external walls of the house. Load-bearing partitions in Scandinavian carcasses are rather an exception to the rule.

Attic and attic floors are also collected from farms of impressive size. Structurally, they are made as single element formed from the walls of the second floor, floors and rafter systems.

The dimensions and weight of the trusses do not allow for installation on their own; lifting equipment is involved in the work. Rafter system for compact country house can be assembled on site using factory blanks. The material of the roof frame is glued laminated timber.

Rigid and soft materials: tiles of different types, seam roofing, etc. A ventilation gap is arranged under the roofing by installing a counter-lattice of slats or bars over the waterproofing film.

The roof and interfloor ceilings are insulated with mineral wool thermal insulation materials, the minimum thickness of the layer is 30 cm.

Supply of communication systems

Features of arrangement of various engineering networks:

1. Heating. The heating of the first floor is carried out through warm water floors in the foundation, the second and attic - through radiators. Coolant supply from any water heating boiler.
2. Water supply. As in traditional house, two solutions are possible: central water supply or water supply from its own source (well, well).
3. Sewerage. Waste pipes are laid at the stage of laying the foundation, the depth is about 0.5-1 m, the slope is 2 cm per running meter. The diameter of the sewer pipeline is 110 mm. Septic tanks are used to drain and collect wastewater.
4. Electrician. The power supply system consists of two networks: internal and external. The supply of current from the pole through the air with the obligatory grounding of the input node to the house. internal system- a complex of sockets, switches, current consumers and a shield. The development of the current distribution scheme should be entrusted to professionals.
5. Ventilation. The best option- supply and exhaust complex with recuperation. Suitable for a country house for seasonal living budget solution- supply wall valves and mechanical hoods in the kitchen and bathroom.

Finnish houses, compared to frame houses built using Canadian or American technology, are better suitable for countries with cold climates. The main principles of Scandinavian housing construction are: maximum energy efficiency, practicality and rational use of space.

Video: modular housing technology

The construction of frame houses in Europe began in the nineteenth century. The essence is simple - a frame is created from the bars, which is then sealed with diversified boards. Now "Finnish" houses have gained great popularity.

The Finnish technology for building frame houses implies about the same thing, however, ready-made blocks and wet Construction Materials. For this reason, build frame house possible all year round. Usually already processed boards are used, so facade finishing is often not required. Finnish technology, in comparison with Canadian, is distinguished by more advanced construction techniques.

Finnish frame houses in Russia began to "grow" back in the days of perestroika. This word refers to a panel structure made of wood, which is assembled by fastening finished panels.

Why us?

We have own production, we employ talented design engineers and architects who will quickly calculate the amount of material for your project or help design a frame house from scratch. All you have to do is, using our technology for building Finnish prefabricated frame houses, to assemble a housing-constructor with your own hands.

Advantages of ordering Finnish house kits in our company:

• high quality building materials and their proper storage in our warehouses;
• fast delivery of the house kit to the place of the future construction of the house;
• professional advice on the construction of buildings from our materials.

Finnish frame houses - great alternative any other construction, since their construction takes a minimum of time.

Construction of Finnish frame houses

Frame houses using Finnish technology are very easy to assemble. So, let's say you have already bought our house kit. What to do next?

1. At the construction site, assemble all wall partitions together, install ceilings. Simply lift the wall panels and fasten them together. We will provide you with a scheme for building a house.
2. Make a solid strip foundation. This will be followed by the installation of a frame made of timber and the assembly of the lower floor, OSB panels, and a subfloor is laid.
3. Proceed to fastening the key nodes. They are interconnected using metal brackets.
4. Next, mount the beams - build interfloor overlap, raise the wall panels of all floors depending on the number of storeys of the building.
5. After that, you will have very little left: mount the roof rafters, carry out waterproofing and finish the house from the inside.

Finnish prefabricated frame houses are distinguished by the presence of prefabricated elements. The assembly of the frame and panels is very simple work with which you will certainly cope.

If after reading our material on Finnish frame houses you have any questions, please contact us at the phone number listed on the site and get a free consultation.

The construction of frame houses is an inexpensive and high-quality analogue of the construction of logs or stone. What type of frame house to choose and what is so remarkable about the construction of a frame house using Finnish technology.

Features of construction using Finnish technology

Why do many who decide to build a house choose exactly? Frame houses using Finnish technology are simple - the frame can be assembled in a couple of weeks, and the construction itself can actually be completed in a couple of months.

In addition, Finnish-type frame houses are built from a 245x100 mm timber or a 150x50 mm board that makes up the frame, and mineral plates that retain heat. It is because of the frame material and the ease of erecting a frame house that such construction has been developed. In addition, experts and builders note the following positive features that make Finnish technology so popular.

Construction of Finnish frame houses

• Lightweight design does not require "extra" hands for mounting boards.
• Construction of a house is possible at any time of the year.
• All the equipment used for construction is quite affordable, there is no need to call for special equipment for the installation of house parts.
• Frame-type houses built according to Finnish technology have high thermal insulation.
• Short construction times.
• Low cost of materials and the whole construction.
• High environmental friendliness of materials - wooden frame and mineral insulation.
• High service life of the house itself, even internal insulation has a shelf life of up to 25 years, unlike Canadian houses.
• Excellent quality base material - or board.
• Simplicity and ease of finishing the Finnish frame house.

Construction stages

Foundation installation

In this regard, frame houses involve the construction of enough light construction, there is no need to make a massive and expensive foundation. A strip or column foundation is perfect.

On a note

Save on strip foundation it is possible, choosing cinder concrete and concrete, on a columnar one - using a solid red brick or erecting a rubble concrete foundation. The depth of the foundation and the frequency of the arrangement of supports depends on the number of storeys and the future load on it.

Installation of beds and logs

Along the perimeter of the installed foundation, beds are mounted, which are attached to the foundation with special anchors. Before fixing the beds, it is necessary to check all dimensions and correspondence of the diagonals. Further, a strapping board is placed on the end, to which logs are attached from boards placed on edge.

Installation of logs for Finnish houses occurs in increments of 300-350 mm. Construction is characterized by the absence of foam as a heater, so processed ecowool can be used for the floor.

Assembly of frame walls

The walls of the future Scandinavian frame house can be of two types - manually assembled on the ground and installed entirely at the construction site, or ready-made high-tech panels with built-in communications.

What does it include proper pie Finnish frame house:

• Vapor barrier membrane.
• Internal crate - the slats are installed across so that there is space between them for laying future communications.
• Finishing for finishing work, drywall is most often used.

How Finnish frame houses are built - examples of work in the photo.

Based on Scandinavian construction technology.

House frame sheathing

The finished wall frame is sheathed with Izoplat windproof sheets. These sheets will not only protect the walls from external influence, but also add structural strength. After that, sheets of DSP (cement-bonded particle board) are mounted through the ventilated gap of the crate.

Installation of the ceiling and roof in a Finnish house

If the construction is multi-storey, the ceiling of the second floor with beams with a section of 245x50 mm is mounted on the walls of the first floor of the frame. If, after the first floor, there is an attic or a roof, 150x50mm boards and OSB sheets under the draft ceiling are selected for the rafters. Usually the roof of Finnish houses is mounted simple, gable, also with a small pitch of rafters.

Finishing work in frames using Scandinavian technology, as well as the choice of roof covering is carried out in accordance with individual wishes and according to the availability of funds.

Installation of ventilation systems

Particular attention during construction must be paid to the creation of ventilation in a frame house. This issue is relevant for construction with the use of high-tech finished walls, with already mounted windows and communication systems.

Many builders neglect installation ventilation systems, recommending simply in the ventilation mode. But in this case, not only are they spent additional funds for heating or cooling the house, but the insulation also deteriorates along with the materials that are the main ones during construction.

If a seasonal house is being built - a summer house and there are not so many rooms in the room, you can self-assembly hoods in a frame house. Mounting natural ventilation with supply valves will pass without difficulties and will not bring additional costs. When building a year-round house, supply ventilation should be installed at least in the bathrooms and in the kitchen.

Tools for creating ventilation in a frame house

• Spanners.
• Perforator and drill.
• Screwdriver.
• Hammer.
• Marker.
• Clamp.
• Ratchet wrench.

On a note

If during construction the question arose of how to make a hood in a frame house with least cost, you can mount natural supply ventilation, for which you do not need any electrical equipment which does not incur additional costs.

Natural supply ventilation

1. It is best to carry out installation before finishing the premises, right during construction. If the valve is located behind the heating radiator, it must be temporarily dismantled and the location of the future ventilation should be marked with a marker.
2. A hole is made for the ventilation duct.
3. A ventilation pipe with a heater is mounted in the formed channel.
4. The valve body must not touch the pipe, so it can be attached with polyurethane foam. The body, like the pipe, can be insulated, or put on a sound absorber.
5. FROM outside ventilation pipe getting dressed protective grille, from the inside - a special cover.

If, when choosing a project for your future home, you chose Finnish frame houses, the construction will be strong and reliable, with the right choice of materials it will save a significant part of the budget.

Recently, frame construction has become popular for construction country houses. Common projects are Finnish houses. Finnish frame houses have fast technology construction and do not carry a large financial burden on the budget. In this article we will talk about construction, the price policy of a turnkey house, the choice of a Finnish frame house project.

The main advantages of Finnish houses

Frame houses using Finnish technology have a number of advantages:

• Aesthetic and attractive appearance. The main material used is wood. The tree is not difficult to process and lay, it allows you to build a house of any complexity of the project.
• Material safety. Wood is a safe material for human health and creates a favorable atmosphere inside the house.
• Design reliability frame house perfectly tolerates temperature changes and climatic conditions.
• Environmental friendliness of the material. Wood is a breathable material that does not cause allergic reactions or irritations.
• Ease of erection. You can build a house on your own without involving heavy and special equipment. The construction process takes one season.
• Profitability. A frame house using Finnish technology has high heat-saving qualities. Wooden house retains heat well, and the absence of cracks keeps a warm and comfortable temperature.

Thanks to such positive properties frame houses are quite popular and in demand.

The construction process is divided into three key stages:

• design and calculation of material;
• building a house;
• external and internal finishing.

House calculations and design

At the stage of preparing a house project, it is important to take into account all wishes, make a layout of all rooms and make the correct calculation. An important point in the design is the location of the site, the type of soil, relief and its climatic features. When all the data is collected, you can easily select necessary material, choose the type of foundation and build a house without errors.

You can also purchase finished projects houses, developer companies offer project documentation the price, which varies from 300 to 1200 dollars. Ready Plan structures must necessarily contain an architectural, construction and engineering part.

For information! The square is the ideal shape of a building that contains optimal solution for residential and commercial usable area.

When the house plan is ready, it should be transferred to the site. Try to have window openings to the south, this will significantly save money on the heating system.

Finnish technology house projects

The frame Finnish house consists of a simple technology, which consists in the fact that all walls and partitions are lifted and connected to each other at the construction site. To build a house, it is necessary to make a project with the obligatory indication of the footage of all rooms, the material used, the thickness of the walls and the type of foundation. In addition, the number of windows, doors and balconies is taken into account. The Finnish frame house is a ready-made house kit. Such house kits have different names for Finnish, Scandinavian, Canadian houses. The difference in names lies in geography. Kit designs are divided into 4 groups:

• Prefabricated parts are brought to the construction site, assembled, insulated and finished.
• Modules with minimal readiness. The structure is assembled from blocks already pre-sheathed on the outside, and the finishes, internal partitions, communications and ceilings are made directly on site.
• Partially sheathed modules. Finished blocks with front cladding, windows and doors. They are installed on the foundation, inside they are finishing and erecting a roof.
• Finished blocks. Their use is less frequent than the above parts due to difficult delivery and high cost.

In practice, modules with a minimum configuration are used, they are brought to the site and assembled according to the project. The price of such a house is $ 500 per square meter, which is why Finnish houses are popular. Finnish house projects are divided into:

• one-story with total area up to 100 square meters and cost from 70 thousand dollars;
• two-story apartments with a total area of ​​up to 100 square meters and cost from 110 thousand dollars;
• houses with a total area of ​​more than 100 square meters - will cost from 150 thousand dollars.

The budget option is classified as inexpensive buildings. This is a house with an ordinary roof and without any frills. They erect it quickly enough and without special difficulties. The budget option is perfect for country house. The photo shows a turnkey project budget option worth from 30 thousand dollars

As a rule, turnkey houses include:

• kitchen;
• two bedrooms;
• possibly a sauna;
• construction and insulation of the frame;
• carrying out all installation work attic floors, rafter system, vapor barrier);
• installation of windows and doors;
• terrace arrangement;
• exterior decoration of the facade;

Individual projects are carried out by architects. A house built according to a special drawing will allow you to get:

• maximum comfort;
• functionality;
• savings in construction.
• choice of building style.

Important! minor change Finnish house design can reduce its functionality, efficiency and convenience.

Features of the construction of Finnish technology

Finnish technology house projects have distinctive features in structural elements. The Finnish design is based on the following principles:

Fit the house into a rectangle. In the project, the house looks like a rectangle with load-bearing walls located along the outer perimeter of the building. Consequently:

• no need to build heavy bearing walls, because ceilings give emphasis to the outer wall, which acts as a building envelope;
• reduction of heat loss in corners and at joints;
• reduction of construction costs;
• strip foundation saves up to 30% of the total budget.

A one-story house is the best solution. One-story frame houses using Finnish technology allow:

• to simplify the technology of the first floor covering device, to save the cost and construction time;
• increase usable area due to the lack of stairs;
• make the structure safe (the presence of steep stairs can lead to injuries in children or the elderly);
• rational use of space at home;
• The attic space serves as a storage room.

Simple roof. The roof is made in one or two slopes, without peaks and ledges. This allows:

• exclude the possibility of leakage;
• reduce the cost of roofing materials and work;
• makes it possible to cover large spans buildings.

Convenient height. The entrance to the house is located at the level of one or two steps, this allows:

• save materials during construction;
• to secure the entrance and exit to the building;
• simplify the device of the porch.

If you decide to expand the usable area and improve living conditions, the Finnish frame house is an ideal and inexpensive option.