Mandarin tree in the house. Room tangerine. Mandarin at home: care, reproduction, varieties. Lighting and temperature conditions

Proper cultivation tangerine tree and shrub at home. Ways to grow and propagate a citrus tree at home.

Mandarin is a shrub that is evergreen all year round. It comes from the fruit family and the genus - citrus. The form of life is a shrub, in the form of a tree.

Mandarin home is subject to a plant in greenhouse and home conditions: window sill, balcony, greenhouse. Breeders brought out a huge variety of this plant. Such a tangerine is an effective spectacle in a pot.

Photo: tangerine tree at home

Homemade mandarin has very tasty and fragrant fruits, they grow on the tree for more than two months. Such a plant attracts and gives pleasure, both with its flowering and the unsurpassed smell of its own flower.

Mandarin in the form of a bonsai is a rare and skillful work. Mandarin fruits grow without pollination, the maturity stage occurs at the end of the year.
The most famous and beloved varieties for growing tangerines in the house include:

• Shiva is a mikan. An early and fast growing species
• Mirkot is a compact variety, with sweet fruits that ripen in summer
• Winshiu is an unpretentious plant from Japanese variety, branches well and bears fruit already in the third year
• Clementine - the variety bears fruit in the second year, at home. Refers to a hybrid of mandarin and orange. The fruits have a shiny skin, are slightly flattened, and their number per harvest reaches five dozen.

How to plant a tangerine at home?

Ancient China was the first to cultivate tangerines. Today, such a plant can be purchased in flower shops.

• If the purchase of a plant occurred in such a store, it is better to transplant it immediately. To do this, buy a substrate specifically for citrus fruits, where the acidity is 5.5 -7. It is also possible to make your own soil. To do this, it is necessary to mix soddy and leafy soil with manure humus and river sand, where the proportion looks like this - 1:1:1:0.5
• Look carefully at the pot in which the plant was brought from the store, it next place residence should be no more than three centimeters more than the previous one. All these actions will actively stimulate the mandarin to grow.

One of the first actions belongs to the choice of the place of residence of the mandarin in your apartment.

• Proper lighting is one of the most important guarantees of your pet's growth. This rule also applies if the mandarin is planted in open ground in the garden or greenhouse. Direct sunlight should fall on the plant, but without much persistence. Sunlight will give the leaves juiciness and greenness, the lack will only lead to fading and thin new shoots.
• The window on which the tangerine will be grown should be located on the east or southeast side. If the growing season is summer, it is necessary to gradually accustom the plant to direct rays, sometimes take it out to the balcony or street
• If the time of the initial cultivation is winter, put the mandarin in the most illuminated place, if there is not enough light, get artificial lighting. It is possible to use a photo light bulb for this purpose.
• The optimum temperature for indoor tangerine remains + 25 degrees, if the period of budding and flowering passes, save temperature regime around twenty degrees
• Rest mode in winter time observed at the level of five, ten degrees. A plant that has had a great rest in winter will be much better at producing fruits and flowers.

Tangerine from the bone - a reality

When growing a tangerine from a stone, it will require attention and patience from you only at the first stage, then this culture is easy to care for. Prepare a habitat for the plant. Which excludes the presence of a variety of poisonous neighbors.

The south room without a neighborhood would be ideal. We take material for planting from store tangerines. The number of seeds should be as large as possible, since most of the following sprouts will die from the disease and will not survive the grafting stage. Growing tangerines from seeds takes place in several ways:

• We take a piece of gauze small size, irrigate with water, wrap the bones. Water should be kept to a minimum to avoid bone rot. Experienced specialists suggest using a potassium permanganate solution for this process to disinfect seeds
• To avoid problems with gauze, it is possible to purchase a hydrogel in a specialized store. Its feature is its excellent ability to retain moisture. It looks like a certain mass in which tangerine bones are aged for spitting and the appearance of sprouts

It is possible to plant the seed immediately, in open ground. Most growers do it this way. If you have extensive experience in growing plants and flowers, you can easily make sure that the bud does not dry out. The leaves will hatch here later than all types of cultivation, but the sprout will be very strong

Care for indoor tangerine at home

When you saw the first sprouts of your pet, you need to start feeding the next two weeks. It must be carried out with the help of specialized organic and mineral fertilizers. Care consists in watering and irrigating the sprout and the constant addition of fertilizers.

Spraying the tangerine should be done every week to keep the tangerine moist. It is also possible to keep a dish filled with water next to the tree. Especially when the summer is hot, the plant needs moisture. In winter, watering should be carried out two to three times a week, depending on the drying.

Top dressing of the plant - tangerine should be carried out in the period April-September, especially if it is a fruit-bearing citrus. This will ensure the sweet taste of the fruit.

How to plant mandarin at home?

Photo: tangerine plant

Full-fledged, delicious mandarin fruits can only be obtained as a result of proper care and grafting. The start of vaccination falls on May-August. Since sap flow at this time is especially active.

The effectiveness of the result after inoculation depends on your ability to accurately and quickly carry out the appropriate procedures. Prepare in advance for the tangerine grafting stage:

• A plant grown from seed, the trunk of which is at least six millimeters thick
• A cutting from a fruit-bearing plant, the branch of which is at least two years old
• garden knife
• Elastic tape
• Var garden

For grafting, make an incision at a height of ten centimeters, where the stem of the stock is. It should look like the letter T, on the horizontal - see -4 cm vertically. The scion is prepared by removing the spikes and leaf blades. Very meticulously cut off the kidney and insert it into the incision, with a small layer of wood.

Where the vaccination was carried out, wrap with tape. Put the mandarin in plastic bag or a bank. Only after a month you will burn to determine the degree of success of the vaccination. It is better to take several seedlings for grafting, because only half of them will bring success.

Accustom the plant by gradually removing the jar for grafting, then the new shoot will strengthen and begin to grow. Cover the location of the escape with garden pitch.

If you follow the rules for growing and fertilizing mandarin, the leaves of the plant will be forever green. The leaves will turn yellow as a result of improper behavior with the pet. Don't overdo it with chemical fertilizers. If the tangerine is not properly grown, it will become covered with spots, the leaves will fall off.

How to transplant mandarin at home?

• Proper plant care includes plant transplantation. Such an event is held if the tangerine has become cramped in a pot. early plants and the young are transplanted every year
• Tangerine trees over the age of seven years are transplanted every two years. To transplant a plant, you need to take a pot with a diameter of more than five centimeters from the present, so that the roots do not rot. The substrate should be selected with a slight acidity, the bottom of the pot should be laid out with expanded clay, pieces of foam
• The transplant process itself is carried out not during the flowering of the plant, but in the spring, during the awakening of the tangerine. Soil laying takes place with the help of irrigation, after transplantation. Do not use fertilizer two weeks after transplanting, and four days before transplanting

Reproduction of home tangerine

Photo: tangerine at home

Reproduction of a tangerine plant occurs in two ways: grafting onto a stock and rooting an apical cutting. This process is carried out at the very beginning of the summer period. Be sure to use root-forming agents that will stimulate growth. Grafting is the most effective and successful way breeding.

Pruning homemade tangerine

Pruning is done to improve the formation of the crown of the desired shape, to stimulate fruiting. When the tree grows, the loss of compactness and attractiveness disappears.

The process is carried out on young plants, using sharp knife and secateurs. Branches from the first to the third order are subject to pruning. The fourth should not be touched, as they bear fruit and flowers.

Video: How to grow a tangerine at home?

Video: How to plant a citrus tree?

tangerine tree belongs to the citrus family. It is evergreen and does not shed its foliage even in winter. Today, many species of this plant are known that can successfully grow and bear fruit at home.

The most popular of them are:

1. Konkhinkhin- most popular variety grown in industrial scale. In nature, it can reach up to 3-4 m in height. But at home, this species is too whimsical and proper care can only grow up to 1 meter.
2. Yingshiu- popular and unpretentious appearance. Easily tolerates a drop in temperature to -5 degrees. The fruits are very sweet and fragrant with almost no pits. Ideal for growing at home.
3. Tangerine characterized by elongated fruits and plump skin. Tangerines are very sweet and tasty, but have a specific pungent smell that not everyone likes.

In addition, breeders have bred many hybrid species that are more hardy and unpretentious, and therefore caring for them will not be difficult.

Popular tangerine tree hybrids include:

1. Clementine. Its leaves are narrow and elongated, and the fruits are bright and juicy. This variety is especially valued for its taste and aroma.
2. Minneola- This is a hybrid obtained by crossing grapefruit and tangerine, so the fruits have a bitter taste. The size of the fruit can be different, the color is bright, red-orange. The skin is thick and hard to remove.
3. Tangor differs in large fruits, which can reach a diameter of up to 15 cm. They taste very sweet and juicy. In addition, there are several varieties, with variegated coloring not only of leaves, but also of fruits.
4. Ellendale unpretentious plant, giving a large harvest in the form of very sweet fruits. Yes, but finding a seedling of this hybrid is quite difficult.

Mandarin tree care

In order for the tangerine tree not only to please with its foliage and flowers, but also to bear fruit, it is necessary to properly care for it and create comfortable conditions.

To do this, it is necessary to take into account such important factors as lighting, air humidity, top dressing, etc.

1. Location

It is not difficult to guess that bright lighting is especially important for a tangerine tree. This is especially true in the cold season, so place the pot in the southern part of the apartment.

The southwest or southeast sides are also perfect. But do not forget to shade the plant during the heat so that it does not get burned.

During a period when the weather outside is warm enough, it is better to place a tree on a balcony or veranda. If you live in a private house, then you can dig the plant right with the pot.

Before you transfer the tangerine tree to the sun, you need to give it time to get used to the direct rays. For this purpose, the pot is placed in partial shade and only after a while is transferred to the site.

2. Temperature regime

It is very important to provide the tangerine tree with optimal temperature conditions.

In summer, it is worth maintaining the temperature within 15-18 degrees, and in winter period- 12 degrees. If you do not observe the temperature regime, then you can not wait for the appearance of fruits.

3. Humidity

The humidity level must be high enough. To achieve this, the plant is regularly sprayed several times a day. This must be done both in summer and in winter. It is also recommended to place a small bowl of water near the pot.

If the air humidity is too low, various pests such as scale insects, spider mite etc.

4. Lighting

Throughout the year, the lighting should be bright, but at the same time, direct sunlight should not fall on the tree. On too hot days, it must be shaded so that burn spots do not appear on the leaves.

5. Spraying

Mandarin tree must be sprayed all year round 2-3 times a day. This is especially true if the plant is located in a room with central heating. Distilled water is used for spraying room temperature.

6. Watering

For watering a tangerine tree, you can use only warm settled water. In summer, watering should be plentiful, and in winter it is better to reduce it to 2 times a week.

7. Top dressing and fertilizer

From April to September, the tangerine tree must be actively fed. For this use complex fertilizers both mineral and organic.

It is better to give preference to special fertilizers for citrus plants. Fertilize every week, after watering the tree.

In winter, feeding can be completely stopped or reduced to a minimum.

Fertilizer for citrus plants is so important, as it is this factor that affects the taste of the fruit. If you fertilize in a timely manner in the summer, then the tangerines will not be bitter.

8. Pruning and pinching

In order for the tree to have a neat appearance, and the fruits to appear as soon as possible, it must sometimes be cut off. Mercilessly get rid of weak and diseased branches. In addition, you can trim excess branches to give the crown the desired shape.

In time, pinch the apical shoots. Thanks to this, the tangerine tree will begin to branch more actively.

9. Transplant

Like other indoor plants, the tangerine tree must be replanted periodically:

1. Young specimens - 1 time per year.
2. Fruiting trees - 1 time in 2-3 years.

Transplantation is carried out in March, while the plant has not yet begun to actively grow. If this procedure is carried out later, it can adversely affect the condition of the tree.

In the case when young specimens have not yet completely filled the pot with their root system, then only the drainage and upper layers of the substrate can be changed.

When transplanting, do not destroy the earthen ball too much and handle the roots carefully so as not to damage them. Also make sure that the root neck is above the ground at the same level as in the old pot.

The soil for a tangerine tree may vary depending on its age. For young plants use the following mixture:

1. Leaf snake.
2. Sand.
3. Humus.
4. Sod land.

All components must be used in a ratio of 1:1:1:2.

The substrate for an adult tree is different in that it is necessary to take turf land not 2 parts, but 3. In addition, it is advisable to add a small amount of oily clay.

10. Diseases and pests

The tangerine tree is very vulnerable to pests such as spider mites and scale insects.

The soil after the procedure should be abundantly sprinkled with ash. If necessary, after a week, all actions are repeated.

There is also a more radical method of pest control. The tree can be treated with special preparations that are sold in ordinary flower shops.

In order to enhance the effect, you can cover the plant with polyethylene and leave it under such a cap for a couple of hours. Remember that the fruits after such processing should not be eaten for at least a week.

reproduction

A tangerine tree can even be grown from a seed, but this method is not very common. The fact is that fruits from such a plant can be expected for more than one year, since it begins to bear fruit after 10 or even 15 years.

Even if you are lucky, it may turn out that the resulting tangerines taste bitter. You can, of course, bud or graft from another citrus plant, but in this case, the result may not be as expected.

The easiest way to propagate a tangerine tree is by cuttings. Root cuttings in a pot covered with a jar. young plant will begin to bloom and bear fruit in a year.

Answers to frequently asked questions

Why do leaves fall from a tangerine tree?

When the leaves fall occasionally and not in large numbers is a natural process. If the foliage began to intensively turn yellow and fall off, then this may indicate that the plant does not have enough lighting, it is watered incorrectly (dry, flooded), or there was a significant temperature difference when the tree was transferred to winter mode.

The leaves have turned brown. What is the reason?

As a rule, the leaves of the tangerine tree become Brown due to excess fertilizer.

To prevent the appearance of pests, it is necessary to adhere to all the rules for caring for the plant. It is also necessary to periodically treat the leaves with soapy foam. But be careful not to get soapy water into the substrate. To prevent this, it is enough to cover the pot with polyethylene.

tangerine tree for last years gained particular popularity among amateur gardeners. For its cultivation, not only greenhouses, greenhouses, winter gardens, but also the most common balconies and window sills in the apartment.

Peculiarities

room tangerine attracts with its juicy greenery, beautiful flowers and bright sunny fruits. It does not shed its leaves, so it will remain green even in winter. The light aroma of the plant helps to remove headache, irritability and uplifting. And when the tree blossoms, an even more unusual smell emanates from it. The flowering period can last from spring to autumn. At the same time, growing a tangerine tree at home does not require special efforts and skills - even a beginner can properly care for him.

The usual variety of mandarin grows up to 5 meters high. But modern breeders have bred great amount special dwarf and undersized plant varieties in the form of small trees or bushes.

The height of an adult plant is no more than one and a half meters, and to maintain beautiful shape less force is required. With the right approach, the tangerine tree in the apartment grows quite quickly and begins to bear fruit.

Varieties for growing at home

Breeders bred big number variety of tangerine trees. Among themselves, they differ in the appearance of the crown, foliage, flowers and fruits, as well as in size, fertility and taste. Not all of them are suitable for home growing. Among the many indoor tangerines, it is worth highlighting the most popular types.

• "Forged Vasya" is ideal for an apartment. This is dwarf variety, up to 50 cm high, so you can even grow it on the windowsill. The leaves are dark green in color and shaped like an arrow. hallmark is that the bush does not have to be cut to maintain shape. "Kovano-Vase" begins to bloom actively in spring, and bright orange fruits ripen in autumn. The fruits appear within a year and do not fall off for a long time.
• "Unshiu" is an unpretentious variety, growing it will not be difficult. This variety tolerates low temperatures and lack of sunlight. In apartment conditions, the height is usually about 80 cm, sometimes up to one and a half meters. The first fruits appear in the third or fourth year. "Unshiu" has lush greenery, blooms beautifully and bears fruit well. Flowering begins in spring, lasts for several months, and fruits ripen by the end of autumn. They are slightly elongated pear-shaped, sweet and contain almost no seeds.

"Forged Vasya"

"Unshiu"

• "Pavlovsky" mandarin also performs well when bred at home. The growth of an adult tree does not exceed one meter. Its leaves are similar to an ordinary tangerine - large, shiny, dense. There are many fruits, they are round in shape with a diameter of up to 7 cm, sweetish-tart in taste. The skin is bright orange, thin, easily separated. The flowers of "Pavlovsky" mandarin are large, about 3 cm, and are collected in whole inflorescences. They are white in color, but pinkish in buds. The flowering period begins in April-May, and in September the first fruits can form.
• "Clementine"- the most delicious and sweet hybrid. A plant with dense elongated leaves, fragrant flowers and bright flattened fruits. The first tangerines ripen in 1.5-2 years. In an apartment, the harvest is small, about 40-50 fruits per season.
• "Shiva Mikan" refers to early varieties. At home, it's more ornamental plant- this variety grows quickly, has a compact size and small fruits weighing no more than 30 grams.
• "Marcotte"- translates as "honey". This variety has surprisingly sweet fruits. The plant is small in size, with a neat crown of elongated leaves and with yellow-orange fruits. The skin is smooth and tight, the pulp contains many seeds.

"Pavlovsky"

How to plant?

If you decide to grow a tangerine tree at home, then you can either buy ready-made seedlings in plant growing stores, or germinate from a seed yourself.

The first way is easier and faster. Plant seedlings are sold immediately in a pot or in a packed earthen coma. After purchase, they must be transplanted into a suitable container.

The second way is more economical and interesting. Indoor tangerine can be grown from an ordinary seed of a ripened fruit. It is recommended to germinate several pieces at once, in which case the probability of obtaining the desired result will be higher. Seeds must first be soaked for several days until swelling and sprouts appear. To do this, they are placed in 3-4 layers of wet gauze. Be sure to make sure that the gauze does not dry out, periodically add water.

If there is no desire to wait a long time for germination, then you can use "Epin" - a growth stimulator. It is added to water and left for a couple of hours. After the appearance of the first sprouts, mandarin can be planted in the ground.

Ready-made mixture can be bought at a plant growing store. It is important that the land for seedlings is not acidic - in such an environment, tangerine does not grow. Therefore, the composition of the soil should not contain peat.

You can prepare the soil yourself, suitable option is a mixture:

• 2/5 of cow humus;
• 2/5 of the turf and leafy ground;
• 1/5 of the sand.

As the first container, you can use ordinary cups, pots up to 10 cm in diameter or seedling boxes.

At the bottom of a clean and dry container, it is imperative to lay a layer of drainage from small stones or expanded clay. This will prevent moisture stagnation and root rot.

Prepared soil is poured from above. Sprouted seeds are carefully placed in holes 4-6 cm deep and sprinkled with earth. The soil should be kept moist throughout the entire time, watering should not be forgotten. The container with seeds must be placed in a well-lit place, but not under direct sunlight. The optimum room temperature for the period of germination should be +20.25 degrees. The first sprouts appear after about 2-4 weeks. If several shoots sprouted from one bone at once, then the weakest of them then need to be carefully cut off.

Care

So that the tangerine tree pleases with its healthy appearance, shape, beautiful flowering and delicious fruits, it is necessary to provide it comfortable conditions. The most elementary care and care will help to extend and facilitate the plant's life in apartment conditions.

Location and lighting

tangerine tree it is recommended to place in a well-lit place with diffused light. It is best suited for windows facing south, southwest or southeast. Direct hits ultraviolet rays in hot weather should be avoided - the plant can get burned, and the soil in the pot will dry out quickly. It is necessary to accustom the plant to ultraviolet in stages: first adhere to partial shade, and only then gradually increase the time spent under direct rays. Mandarin gets used to one-sided lighting, so it is often not recommended to turn it around its own axis. In the warm season, the tree can be taken out to the balcony, terrace or outside.

Optimal duration for mandarin daylight hours should be 8-12 hours. With a lack of natural sunlight, the plant will weaken, the leaves will begin to turn yellow and fall off. You can extend his daylight hours with the help of special fitolamps.

Temperature regime

The recommended temperature for citrus trees in the warm season (spring and summer) +18.20 degrees is considered. This period is the phase of active flowering, and more high temperatures lead to the fall of flowers and leaves. And more low temperatures will slow down growth and will prevent the formation of fruits.

In winter, you need to give the plant a rest and gain strength for the next season. To do this, the temperature in the room must be kept at +10.12 degrees. Otherwise, the subsequent flowering and fruiting can not wait. You can begin to increase the temperature by spring as early as the end of January. The tangerine tree does not tolerate sudden temperature changes, so any change in conditions should be gradual. But at the same time, the tree must be accustomed to natural differences. To do this, it is recommended to take it out for a very short time during the day. covered terrace or a balcony - in this way the plant hardens and becomes stronger.

Humidity

In the room where the tangerine tree is located, there should always be high level air humidity. To do this, the plant is often sprayed with a spray bottle. In hot weather or during the heating season, it is advisable to do this twice a day. Water should be at room temperature.

Irrigation is preferably done in the morning and evening to avoid the midday sun on wet leaves.

If the plant already has flowers, then irrigation must be done very carefully, without falling on the buds. And it is better during this period to simply wipe the leaves with a damp cloth.

If the room has a heating radiator, it is recommended to cover it wet towel. A water container can be placed next to the tree. A humidifier would be ideal.

Watering

During a period of rapid growth and flowering, it is especially important to properly water a homemade citrus tree. At this time, the soil should not dry out, the procedure is recommended to be done daily. Even a short drought can adversely affect the plant - to save moisture consumption, it will shed its leaves and they will not grow again in this place.

When the plant "winters", you can water it only twice a week. The amount of water should be moderate - excessive soil moisture should not be allowed, this will lead to rotting of the roots, and mold may appear on the surface of the soil. It is recommended to use only settled clean water room temperature. Tap water contains chlorine, so it is not suitable for irrigation.

Whether the soil needs moisture can be checked with a finger - if the earth is dry and loose, then the plant needs to be “drinked”.

You can pour water only on the rhizome - the tree trunk, leaves, and even more so flowers do not tolerate excess moisture.

by the most the right time day is considered morning. It is during this period that the maximum activity of the tangerine tree falls.

Priming

The composition of the soil for a young and adult plant requires a different one.

For a young plant, you need to mix one part of sand with leafy soil, two parts of turf and cow humus.

For an adult plant, a part of leafy soil is taken, three parts of turf and one each of sand and cow humus. And most importantly, greasy clay must be added to the soil for adult citrus trees.

Ready-made mixtures can also be purchased in plant growing stores, but it is worth paying attention to the quality products of a trusted manufacturer.

top dressing

Because of frequent watering all useful material are quickly washed out of the soil, so the first feeding of a citrus tree is done immediately after the appearance of sprouts. And than older plant the more it needs to be fertilized. Available from a specialized store ready mix fertilizers. As organic matter, you can also use mullein manure in proportions of 1/10 with water.

It is especially important to feed the tangerine in the spring, when the plant begins to develop intensively. This period lasts until September, fertilizer can be applied once every two weeks. This mode will contribute to the appearance of buds, flowers and ovaries, and ripened fruits will not be bitter. In the cold season, top dressing should be stopped. Like most of all indoor plants, tangerine is recommended to fertilize in the morning. The tree needs to be watered first. warm water. The temperature of the nutrient solution should also be at a comfortable room temperature. The composition of the mixture is different, but the content of phosphorus, potassium and nitrogen is mandatory for a citrus tree.

The proportions and recipe must be observed, this information is indicated on the packaging. Irrational use of fertilizers can cause burns on the stem, roots and leaves, or, in general, lead to the death of the tree. From folk remedies, gardeners recommend using "fish soup". For cooking, take 100 grams of fish per liter of water. Boil it for 30 minutes, strain, cool and add to the solution of the store-bought mineral mixture.

Trimming and pinching

Often it is not necessary to prune a homemade tangerine, since the formation of a crown in this culture occurs by itself. But pruning and pinching the upper young shoots every 3-4 months will not only contribute to better development branches and leaves, but also accelerate fruiting. The upper shoots should be pinched only after the formation of five leaves.

You can also get rid of all weak and extra branches. If dried leaves and branches appear on the tree, then they must also be carefully cut off. Trimming is recommended with special sharp scissors.

At the first flowering, some of the buds should be removed. Such a procedure will preserve the strength of a young tree and increase productivity not only in this, but also in subsequent years.

Possible problems

Improper care of indoor tangerine causes its diseases. In case of violation of the microclimate in the apartment, irregular moistening, lack or excess of fertilizers, the plant begins to hurt. Consider the most frequent problems and the reasons for their occurrence.

Leaves turn yellow and fall

If this happens rarely and in small numbers, then it is a natural process, especially in older trees. If the leaf fall is intense, then this may indicate insufficient lighting, improper watering, or a lack of nitrogen in the soil. The reason for this may be a sharp change in the regime (temperature, light). If the plant began to turn yellow after transplantation, then the reason is most likely a violation of technology. Pay attention that the basal neck is not too deep. Too much big pot also causes yellowing.

All these processes need to be reviewed, conditions favorable for the tree should be created, and the plant will begin to recover.

• Brown leaves are most often spoken of improper feeding. It is necessary to reduce the amount of fertilizers and strictly adhere to the recipe.
• The leaves dry out due to the dry air in the room. It is necessary to spray the tree more often from the sprayer, wipe the leaves with a sponge, cover heating appliances and use a humidifier.
• Leaves curl due to excess ultraviolet rays. To solve the problem, the tree needs to be shaded.
• Spots of "rust" on the leaves also indicate improper watering. This process needs to be adjusted.
• Red spots on the trunk of a tree indicate insufficient drainage, damage to the trunk, or excess fertilizer. For the treatment of already damaged areas, a light solution of vitriol is suitable. After that, the cracks are rubbed with a special garden pitch.
• If the bush began to shrink and dry, then the reason for this lies in insufficient feeding. It is necessary to provide mandarin with useful vitamins and minerals.

But even quality care may not be enough to prevent certain diseases.

Some diseases can also affect the tangerine tree.

• Anthracnose causes deformation of the bark, yellowing and falling of the leaves. The affected parts of the tree must be carefully cut and destroyed, and it is recommended to use Fitosporin to process the entire plant.
• Scab begins to appear with small transparent spots. In the future, gray "warts" form from them. Bordeaux liquid is used for treatment. She needs to spray the entire bush three times.

Do not exclude such a threat as all kinds of pests.

They are almost invisible, but can cause irreparable harm to the plant.

• Spider mite. It manifests itself as a cobweb on the leaves and red dots on the stems. This pest feels good in a dry, hot microclimate. To combat it, you must first clean the tree with a brush, and then pour it with a contrast shower. The soil must be sprinkled with ash and the whole procedure repeated after 10 days. For spraying, a mixture of tobacco dust and laundry soap. A spoonful of dust and a spoonful of rubbed soap are dissolved in water and infused for 5-6 hours. You need to spray the solution 2-3 times a week.

• Aphid. With a large amount, you must first thoroughly wash the plant with a solution of laundry soap. For the treatment of damaged leaves, a decoction of wormwood or nettle is suitable. It is recommended to spray the leaves with garlic water. For its preparation, one clove is infused in a glass of water for two days. You need to treat the tree with a solution several times a week.
• Shchitovka. Signs of infection are brown bumps and a dried, yellowed bush. First, use a brush to clean the plant from insects. Wash the tree and its location with soapy water. For spraying in water, you need to dissolve a little soap, two spoons washing powder and a teaspoon of machine oil. After 3-4 hours after treatment, the plant must be rinsed with water. Repeat the procedure three times a month.
• Mealybug. With its appearance, white sticky spots form on the leaves. At the same time, the leaves fall asleep and fall. the best folk remedy wrestling is soap solution. Wipe the tree with it and spray it once a week.

To combat uninvited "guests", you can also use special means (for example, "Fitoverm", "Karbofos" or "Aktellik"). The solution is to wipe the leaves and trunk. To improve the effect, the bush can be packed in polyethylene for a couple of hours. It is important to note that the fruits after such a procedure should not be eaten for at least a week.

As a preventive measure, the treatment of leaves with soapy foam can be considered. At the same time, it should not get into the soil, so it is recommended to cover the pot first.

How to transplant and how often to do it?

As the tangerine tree grows and its root system grows, a transplant into a pot is required. bigger size. A young plant needs to be repotted every year. in early spring before the start of flowering. After reaching 4 years of age, a transplant is needed every 3-4 years.

Given culture does not like large containers, therefore new pot you need to choose only a size larger than the previous one.

Mandarin transplantation is carried out by transshipment of all earthy coma. To make the tree easier to remove, the soil needs to be watered - this will reduce the adhesion of the soil and the walls of the pot. Then you can lightly tap the pot with your palms so that the clod of earth lags behind it. After that, the plant is carefully removed and transferred to another place. First you need to lay a layer of clean drainage on the bottom of the new pot. The tree is installed and covered with earth. It is not necessary to compact the soil too much. It is important to ensure that the root neck (a small seal between the root and the trunk) is only partially covered with earth. Otherwise, the tree will take root for a long time and start to hurt.

It is easy to learn how to properly care for a tangerine tree at home. It is only necessary to follow the recommendations, and then the plant will delight for a long time with a lush crown, beautiful fragrant flowers and fruits.

For information on how to grow a tangerine tree from a stone at home, see the following video.

Mandarin tree (lat. Citrus reticulata) is evergreen, which means that it is quite unpretentious. Therefore, with proper care, you can enjoy its fruits in 2-4 years.

Where to place

Like all indoor plants, mandarin, first of all, must be properly placed. AT heating season the tree should be kept away from batteries. Country house is more suitable for accommodation ornamental trees, but in well-lit and humidified apartments, citruses also take root.

The tangerine tree is photophilous, the lack of sun is detrimental to it and can lead to loss of foliage and even death. So perfect option – bright room with windows to the south, southwest or southeast. However, direct sunlight is also undesirable.

AT autumn-winter period the sun rarely pleases the inhabitants of central Russia, and even more so the inhabitants northern latitudes. Therefore, the plant will most likely need additional artificial lighting. Lighting in the region of 2000 lux for 10-12 hours is enough for the mandarin to have buds by the end of the season. By the way, tangerines bloom in May, and bear fruit in October.

Citrus tree in the house. Watch the video!..

Warm or cold

No less important optimum temperature. At home, the plant needs coolness, 16-18°C will be sufficient. At too high rates, flowers will inevitably fall off. During the dormant period, the temperature must be reduced up to 10-14°С. At the same time, tangerines must be protected from drafts. In summer, the tree should be taken out to the balcony or terrace.

Humidity is another key parameter on which the health and development of the mandarin depends. Firstly, the plant needs to be sprayed (for old trees, it is enough to wipe the leaves with a damp cloth). Secondly, it is necessary to control the humidity in the room. The norm is considered to be in the range from 40 to 60%, but in the homes of most Russians this figure is significantly underestimated: during the heating season, due to the active operation of the batteries, the air dries up, and the humidity barely reaches 30%. Therefore, in order to protect the plant, and at the same time your own health, it is highly advisable to purchase a special humidifier.

How to water

Water the tangerine with softened water at room temperature. " Water procedures' can be repeated only when upper layer the soil in the pot dries up. Water stagnation must not be allowed, this can lead to rotting of the root system. From February to November, after watering, the plant should be fed with organic or combined mineral fertilizers (nitrogen and phosphorus). It is advisable to refrain from using synthetic additives, in extreme cases they can be alternated with natural top dressing.

Home tree tangerine in room conditions cultivated as often as orange or lemon. True, for these purposes it is best to choose dwarf forms or plants from the unshiu varietal group. All fruits of this group do not contain seeds, and their skin is very thin and almost devoid of bitterness. Therefore, you can use such a crop without pre-cleaning. Learn how to care for your indoor tangerine and try growing a citrus tree on your windowsill.

Mandarin belongs to the Rutaceae family. Homeland - Southeast Asia.

The mandarin got its name because its exquisite fruits were the privilege of the Chinese emperors - mandarins. important place occupies mandarin and in the ancient oriental art of Feng Shui. The tangerine tree symbolizes good luck in getting money, and also has the ability to activate existing savings.

beautiful small tree, which annually blooms and bears fruit, will certainly delight the eyes of the hosts and surprise guests with an exotic view.

There is very little information about the origin of the mandarin. It is believed that his homeland is China or Japan. It was brought to Europe from Southeast Asia only in the last century, but it quickly spread throughout the Mediterranean. Now tangerine plantations are especially large in Japan, China, the countries of Southern Europe and South America. More than 6 million tons of mandarin fruits are harvested annually. In terms of production among citrus fruits, mandarin ranks second after orange.

Tangerines grow on low trees with a spreading crown. Their leaves are very smooth, shiny, green at any time of the year. The fruits ripen quite quickly, already in November they can be harvested. Tangerines give the most big harvest among citrus. In favorable years, 5-6 thousand fruits are harvested from one tree per season.

In the subtropical regions of the Russian Black Sea region, tangerines can be grown, but free space there are no large plantations here. Tangerines are found only in individual gardens. local residents. This citrus comes to Russian cities mainly from neighboring countries: Abkhazia and Adjara.

The following describes what a tangerine tree looks like and how to grow a houseplant at home.

What does a tangerine tree look like (with photo)

Mandarin is a perennial evergreen tree with a compact, well-leafy crown. In room conditions, it grows up to 1 m. The leaves are leathery, dark green, lanceolate. The flowers are white, with a wonderful aroma, 2.5-4 cm in diameter. It blooms in spring, the fruits ripen in autumn.

As shown in the photo, the fruits of the mandarin tree are spherical, slightly flattened, 4 to 8 cm in diameter, with a thin orange skin that easily separates from the pulp:

The peel is rich in glands, which produce an essential oil in abundance, the streams of which can be easily seen when the peel is crushed. The pulp is sweet, yellow-orange. The weight of one fruit is from 30 to 100 g. Fruits without seeds or with few seeds.

Outwardly, a tangerine tree looks like a lemon, only their leaves are slightly blunt at the top. The main difference lies in the structure of the fruit. They are flattened or slightly pear-shaped, yellow, orange or orange-red (tangerines). The peel of the fruit is easily separated from the pulp, which, in turn, is easily divided into slices. The pulp is rich in sugars (up to 7.4%), vitamins C and P. This is the earliest of all citrus fruits grown in the room.

Mandarin (Citrus reticulata) also called noble citrus (C. nobilis) for its delicious taste.

But still, the main difference between mandarin and other relatives lies in the property of the peel to easily lag behind the fruit. In fruits of some varieties (chubby tangerines), the peel does not touch the pulp at all, since there is a layer of air between the peel and the pulp of the fruit. The selection of tangerines already in ancient times turned into a "conveyor line" in agriculture. So many varieties of tangerines have been bred that some have been described as different types citrus fruits. The variety of varieties of a cultivated plant is called polymorphism in science. The polymorphism of mandarin is explained by the importance of this citrus in the agriculture of various eastern countries, especially China, where mandarin is the main citrus crop (tangerine variety). In Japan, varieties of the Satsuma group that have conquered the world have been bred, of which in Russia we love the unishiu variety - seedless mandarin.

Although the tangerine is traditionally considered a New Year's fruit, it is also indispensable in the spring, during the period of beriberi. Indeed, tangerines retain more vitamin C than, for example, apples and potatoes.

Good tea is obtained from tangerine peels - not only tasty, but also healthy, since even dry tangerine peel contains essential oils. These essential oils act akin to inhalation, causing coughing, and have an antimicrobial effect. tangerine peels dried, crushed, mixed with tea (1 tbsp. per 200 g of black tea) and use the resulting mixture as regular tea.

When describing a mandarin, it is worth noting that its peel contains a lot of essential oils, which are used in the food industry, in medicine and cosmetics.

Variety of indoor tangerines unshiu

A large group of varieties are united under the name "unshiu", which means "seedless". As scientists suggest, these most frost-resistant citrus fruits were selected more than 500 years ago in Japan from plants imported from China.

This is a small tree spherical crown and drooping branches without thorns. The leaves are hard, dark green, slightly corrugated, elongated, with a sharp tip. The petiole is long, grooved. The flowers are white, small, appear in May. The fruits are mostly flat-round, weighing 50-80 g, without seeds, as they are formed without pollination. Ripe fruits, if they are not removed from the tree in time, coarsen and fall off. The peel is dark orange, rich in oily glands, easily separated from the pulp. The pulp is juicy, soft and tasty. From one unshiu tangerine tree, you can get 30-50 fruits, which are formed on last year's and new branches.

Recently, the interest of lovers of indoor gardening has attracted the attention of another variety of unshiu - a family of dwarf tangerines from the so-called Vasya group.

It is considered a peculiar ancestor of the tangerine Kowano-Wase, imported from Japan back in 1930.

Now there is already a whole list of dwarfs that are extremely interesting for home citrus growing. Among these tangerines grown indoors, there are several imported "foreigners":

Nagahashi unshiu

Sugiyama unshiu

Tyahara unshiu

miho-wase

Okitsu-washe

As well as the forms and varieties bred by our breeders:

Kartuli saadreo

miagawa-washe

Abkhazian early ripe

Agudzera

The very sweet bright orange fruits of these mandarin houseplant varieties are almost the size of an orange and ripen a few weeks earlier than unshiu. The yields of trees are surprisingly generous, but the main thing is that when growing at home, these tangerines fit freely even on the smallest window. In nature, the height of these undersized trees is about one and a half to two meters, and even less on the windowsill - practically does not exceed 40–50 centimeters. Fruiting indoor flower tangerine begins in the first - second year of life. A real find for lovers!

Also suitable for growing indoors are varieties of indoor tangerines - ‘Kavanovase’ (‘Cawanowa.se’) and ‘Miagawawase’ (‘Miagawawase’).

Growing indoor mandarin tree: flower care at home (with video)

In room conditions, growing tangerines is difficult, since plants experience insufficient light and heat during fruit ripening, cannot accumulate a sufficient amount of sugars, and their taste qualities go down. Mandarin is the most cold-resistant citrus plant. In terms of heat requirements, mandarin is intermediate between lemon and orange. Moisture is demanding from spring growth to fruiting.

Lighting. When caring at home, indoor mandarin needs a bright, sunny room. In the spring, with the onset warm days, the plant is best taken out into the air. Citrus is sensitive to changes in light, so it should not be moved from place to place, otherwise it will stop growing until it adapts to new lighting conditions.

Temperature. In winter, it should be kept at a temperature of 4-6 ° C in bright room. When growing and caring for mandarin at home, drafts should be avoided.

substrate. Soddy and leafy soil, humus, peat and sand in equal proportions. Sod land can be taken twice as much as leaf.

The substrate is prepared from soddy and leafy soil, humus and sand (2:1:1:1).

Watering. Recommended in summer abundant watering, in winter - extremely moderate. It should be watered as the lump dries with settled water at room temperature. As the drying of the earth, the same excess of moisture in winter with a lack of light causes the leaves to fall.

Humidity. A home-grown tangerine plant requires regular spraying.

Top dressing: From April to September, weekly top dressing is carried out with complex mineral fertilizer.

Starting from April and ending in August, 2 times a week, citrus fruits are given weak fertilizer top dressing, alternating top dressing with mineral fertilizers with organic top dressing.

Transfer. When caring for a mandarin tree at home, young plants are transplanted after 1 - 2 years, and later after 3 - 4 years, old tub plants - every 5 or even 8 - 10 years.

Reproduction. Cuttings take root hard, in special heated greenhouses, so we recommend buying plants in specialized stores.

Watch the video "Growing Indoor Mandarin" to better understand how to care for this plant:

Rejuvenation of the tangerine tree

The life of a mandarin fits into the terms of a human life. By the age of 25–30, the mandarin reaches its peak. At 50, he begins to age. He dies at the age of 70-75. But it also happens that a tree dies in the prime of its life. The lush crown suddenly begins to dry, the growth of new branches stops, the fruits become smaller, and there are fewer of them - in the end the tree has to be cut down. Is it possible to save a tree whose very root system is affected by an incurable disease? It turns out you can!

N.V. Ryndin, a scientist at the All-Union Institute of Humid Subtropics, together with a gardener-practitioner Genrikhson, did in the spring in 1934, interesting experience. Having selected Sukhumsky in the tangerine botanical garden thirty trees, the root system of which was dilapidated, N. V. Ryndin performed a kind of rejuvenation operation on each of them.

You need to know that tangerine, like any other fruit tree, is grafted onto the wild animal. The wild animal serves here as a pump, supplying cultivated plant life-giving juices of the earth. The destruction of the "pump" inevitably leads to the death of the entire plant. The operation performed by N. V. Ryndin consisted in the fact that he tried to change the “pumps”.

Under a diseased tree, a new young wild game was planted in the ground. The crown of the game was cut off, in a diseased tree, just above the affected part of the trunk, an incision was made, the cut crown was inserted into this incision, after which the junction was smeared and bandaged, as in a conventional vaccination.

The whole calculation boiled down to the fact that a diseased tree, having received such an original prosthesis, would begin to use it first as an additional “pump”, and later as a stem (main trunk).

Thirty operations with sick tangerines were a success. Almost all new wild animals have taken root in old trees and have begun to “work” on them. In the most severe cases, two wild animals were grafted at once: later it will be possible to see which “leg” to leave for the tangerine, and which one to “remove”.