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drainage well for sewerage, this is part of the drainage system, which is installed in areas with high groundwater or if the area is characterized large quantity rainfall…

The well-being of private households, especially in humid areas, is ensured by good drainage, which removes excess water, including polluted water. The presence of sewage, groundwater and storm water requires at least one drainage well for sewerage to be equipped on the site, with discharge or pumping Wastewater.

Drainage well as part of a septic tank

What are drainage wells for and what are they

A private house or cottage is often located in an area prone to waterlogging, their foundations can gradually collapse under the influence of groundwater. Also, the owners are often faced with the fact that there is no sewerage, which means there is nowhere to put the water from the septic tank. There is a likely threat of flooding of residential and non-residential buildings, especially such as a cellar, garage, bathhouse, garden and vegetable garden. In these cases, a drainage well is needed, and possibly a whole drainage system.

Collecting excess water into an underground tank, by gravity or pumping, with their constant or periodic removal - this is the meaning of a well for drainage. The system is installed once and will work during the entire period of operation of the house. But while using drain well requires periodic cleaning. To do this, silt deposits are lifted from the bottom of a clogged well with a stream of water, followed by pumping or draining them.

Drainage well device can be of three types:

Viewing (inspection), drainage well for sewerage, located at the places of rotation and intersection drainage pipes or every 40-50 meters of drains, they are periodically cleaned, and if there is no drain, they are pumped out. To equip such wells, it is enough to use a pipe with a diameter of 34 cm or more.

Manhole at the intersection of drainage pipes

Collector (water intake)- these are the end points for draining water, most often only surface water (storm, melting, stream), with their pumping into a sewer, a reservoir, or using it for household needs. Quite different large volume, often with an impenetrable bottom, a built-in ladder is common for them. The placement of the pump and maintenance procedures impose restrictions on their diameter - at least 70 - 100 cm.

Plugging (absorption, filtration), they are placed in places that want to get rid of puddles, for example, after washing cars. Around them, it is planned to fill a large mass of rock, crushed stone, screenings, both for supplying water to the well, and for draining through its bottom into deep water horizons. In particular, the bottom of the grouting well is covered with a layer of crushed stone 30 cm thick. In this device, partial bacterial and mechanical wastewater treatment takes place, with periodic washing or mechanical extraction of sediments of silt and sand.

This is how the filtration well scheme looks like

In cases of wells mixed type, their functions are superimposed, and the design of the drainage well changes. So, a water intake well can discharge water into a grouting well. In this case, it does not need a sealed bottom and can do without a pump, but it does need periodic inspection and cleaning, like an inspection well.

Complete set of a drainage well

The well is usually a set:

working chamber (mine) made of corrugated plastic pipe;

manhole or cover (usually with a sleeve and sealing ring) above;

plug or crushed stone at the bottom;

tie-in inlet and outlet pipes (if any) - they are located at a height of at least 50 cm from the bottom of the well.

continuous or intermittent use of the pump - in the absence of filtration, draining, or in addition to them.

Manufacturing materials

The traditional material of the walls of drainage wells is iron concrete rings. Reinforced concrete is also used as a bottom material (a reinforced concrete disc is placed at the bottom of the pit, at the base of the future drainage well) and a cover (with a hole for a hatch). Reinforced concrete is quite cheap, strong, durable.

But, the installation of finished reinforced concrete is associated with the involvement of lifting equipment or high labor costs, the joints formed during installation can be difficult to seal.

On our website you can find contacts construction companies who offer . You can directly communicate with representatives by visiting the exhibition of houses "Low-Rise Country".

Mounting reinforced concrete rings will not do without the involvement of special equipment

These structures are usually mounted, having previously dug out a large pit. And after the installation of the first ring and the installation of asbestos, ceramic, cast iron or other heavy and fragile pipes, it is gradually covered with soil using bulldozers and excavators.

This is a rather costly and disturbing topsoil technology. Recently, wells made of plastic and composite materials are increasingly being used.

About the installation of plastic drainage wells on the video:

Advantages of a plastic drainage well

Instead of massive reinforced concrete rings with steps, and pipes in which a person can easily fit, composite and plastic thin-walled devices, including those of small diameter, are increasingly being used. In this case, you can immediately mount a finished well on the site.

This approach allows you to quickly and cheaply equip and maintain the drainage of a private house, garage, bath.

Drainage wells made of plastic differ in that the installation of a drainage well, dismantling and reinstallation new system and light pipes leading to it (usually also plastic) can be done by one person without the involvement of special equipment and without serious disturbance of the landscape.

Plastic wells will require fewer resources to install

Mounting sequence

How is the installation of a drainage well:

Pouring the concrete bottom of the well, if its tightness is required.

Installation of a composite or solid well.

Laying and insertion of inlet and outlet pipes.

Arrangement of such details as a ladder, cover, hatch, pump.

Using a level, check the vertical of the well and the horizontal slopes of the pipes.

What workers will need tools and materials

The main responsible and time-consuming work during the installation of a drainage well is making a tie-in and its subsequent sealing. In addition, it is required to dig holes and trenches, adjust pipes along the length, bring their slope to gravity, adjust the depth and height of the well.

Based on this, a grinder (angle grinder) is needed for work. If the material of the well is concrete or composite, asbestos, ceramic pipes are used, then the grinder needs diamond discs on concrete and a sledgehammer. If the well and pipes are plastic, metal discs and a hammer are enough. In addition, you definitely need a level, which can be supplemented with a plumb line, level, as well as a tape measure, cord, shovels, trowel, bucket. For digging narrow trenches, it is convenient to use a piece of tin, twisted in the shape of a truncated cone and nailed to a stick.

Pipe trenches and a hole for a well can be dug and manually, but it is unlikely to be cheaper than calling an excavator

To seal the tie-ins and level the bottom, giving it the shape of pipe trays, use a cement mortar, or, if they are dealing with plastic, use glue, plaster or tape, sealant.

Where to place a drainage well

As for the manhole, it is usually located a couple of meters from the lower (or conditionally lower) corner of the residential building, which is surrounded by drainage pipes. In such a well, three tie-ins for pipes are most often obtained: two drainage and one drain (this pipe can drain water into a sewer, a reservoir, into loose soil down a slope, or into another type of drainage well). It can be very small, and then to check its condition it is enough to have a tiny removable hatch and a sludge dipstick (like an automobile, which measures the oil level).

A collector well is necessary if the soil is clayey and does not absorb water well. They place it a couple of meters from the lower (or conditionally lower) corner of the site or behind it, cooperating with neighbors. They immediately provide how to safely descend into the well in emergency. Let's say it's raining and drain hole stuck in a trash bag, what to do? They also find out what useful volume the collector needs (practice shows that it is better to take it with a margin right away).

The volume of the collector well should not be small

A grout well is usually equipped after a septic tank, if there is no sewerage or other drain nearby, and the volumes of household or washing wastewater discharge are small (about 1 m³ per day). Concrete for such a design is practically unsuitable - it is better to take a composite, metal, plastic. Before backfilling, such a well is lined soft material, protecting from damage by blocks of stones and rubble, and after backfilling they are perforated by drilling holes in the lower part from the inside.

What should be the pump for pumping drainage water

The pump is a common attribute of wells of all types. For pumping out drainage water, both stationary and periodically used pumps are used. For permanent operation, a pump of small capacity, but sufficient power, such as a submersible drainage, drainage float, is selected.

For periodic pumping of deposits of silt and sand, a powerful and productive pump is used. If a pond is pumped out with a pump, sand is mined or the bottom of the port is deepened, it is probably also suitable for getting rid of sediments from a drainage well.

A submersible pump for a well will help you easily pump out liquid from an overflow tank

Pumps suitable for removing deposits are called differently: mud pump, submersible pump, fecal pump, centrifugal pump, sand pump, hydraulic pump - the question is not in the principle of operation or name, but in the fact that this device is intended for pumping deposits, including silt, sand and even small pebbles.

In principle, any pump according to the “drainage” data sheet must pump out accumulated deposits, but for this it may not have enough power (say, the “Kid” pump) or steam. Two pumps are usually used for cleaning deposits. Also, a container of the order of 200 - 300 liters may be required. The sequence of work is as follows:

A mud pump pumps water from a drainage well.

A water-type pump supplies, if possible with a powerful jet, clean or settled water from a container or other source.

A mud pump (for example, Pumpex of the SK series, Makita, Karcher, Grandfos), switched on with the start of the water jet, pumps out the turbid water, carrying away deposits.

Another option for cleaning deposits: the team scoops out deposits with buckets, trowels, shovels by hand.

Manual cleaning is the cheapest, but not the cleanest.

In any case, drainage storage wells provide for service using pumps (before manual cleaning water still needs to be pumped out).

An example of arranging a drainage well in the video:

Conclusion

Despite the apparent simplicity of the drainage well manufacturing technology, this work is best entrusted to specialists. For the reliable functioning of the drainage system during installation, it is necessary to at least correctly set the slopes of the pipes, and do this without special tools not everyone will succeed, especially if there are certain elevation differences on the site. In addition, it is necessary to provide systems for protecting against the reverse flow of water, and to choose the right pump so that its power is enough to lift a column of water from the bottom of the well.

Basements and basements of private houses located in places with high groundwater are often flooded, which in the end can lead to the destruction of the foundation. A full-fledged drainage system equipped around the house will prevent this.

We will tell you how to arrange drainage and install a drainage well with your own hands. In the article submitted for consideration, the diagrams of the device for the collection and removal system are analyzed in detail. ground water to take it away from the foundation. The options for the construction of wells are listed and installation methods are described.

For visual perception of difficult information, it is accompanied by useful diagrams, photo and video guides.

Drainage must be carried out if the house is in a lowland, or the groundwater level is higher than the basement or basement of the building, and there is a risk of flooding. It is especially important to make it located on clay soils, which are prone to heaving when the lower layers freeze during the cold period.

The drainage system simultaneously performs several important functions:

reduces the pressure of groundwater on the walls and floor of the house;
prevents flooding of basements;
drains the area adjacent to the building.

It is advisable to carry out the arrangement of drainage even at the stage of digging a foundation pit for the house, so as not to disturb the landscape of the site when outbuildings have already been erected and equipped on it.

Image gallery

The manufacture of a well from concrete rings is associated with a number of problems. Due to the heavy weight of concrete structures, it may be necessary to hire special equipment and invite assistants. They need to make holes for pipes, which is also quite difficult.

However, the complexity of installing a concrete well is justified by its great reliability, strength and durability. concrete structures practically invulnerable to any negative influences.

They can be mounted in any place and even in areas standing on soils subject to hydrothermal movement and heaving during freezing, where plastic structures may be deformed.

Modern plastic containers are also very reliable, and in addition, they are convenient and easy to install, weigh little and are easy to mount. On their body there are already holes of the required diameter for connecting pipes.

Many people use to save money combined option installation. For inspection and rotary wells, purchase plastic tanks, and the filter and accumulative are made of concrete rings. There is another available option - to make a well from plastic pipes yourself, how to do this is described below.

Plastic containers are produced different size, on their body there are already taps of the required diameter for connecting pipes

The basic principles of arranging drainage on the site

For the installation of the drainage system, the highest point of the site is selected, and a trench is dug from it with a slope of 2 to 5 cm, two meters deep, where pipes are laid. Rotary wells are installed in the corners, and inspection wells in the places of nodal connections.

To ensure the natural flow of water through the pipes, a trench for sewerage is dug at a slope of at least 2 cm from top point site

end point sewer system, where everyone leads, is a filtering or storage well, from where forced or natural drainage of water is carried out.

For device drainage sewerage it is recommended to use special corrugated pipes with perforation, made of PVC or polyethylene. They have no technical restrictions on laying, they are very easy and simple to install. Depending on the size of the outlet holes in the drainage well, pipes with a diameter of 50 to 200 mm can be purchased.

Throughout the area of the drainage pipe there are small slots that are necessary for seepage of water from the soil.

For the full operation of the entire sewer system, it is necessary to carry out a number of preparatory measures. At the bottom of the trench, sand is poured with a layer of 5 cm and carefully compacted. Then the bottom and walls of the ditch are covered with geofabric, which will serve as a filter that prevents the system from silting up.

This is followed by a layer of crushed stone, about 10 cm on which is placed, covered with another layer of crushed stone and wrapped in a geofabric with an overlap. On top of this "pie" a layer of earth is poured, which was selected when digging a trench.

To ensure the full functioning of the drainage system, it is necessary to carefully prepare the base, and lay the pipes in such a way as shown in the photo.

Production and installation of plastic wells

The installation process depends on the type of well. For viewing, rotary and storage structures, it is necessary to make a concrete base. absorption wells without a bottom require the arrangement of a filter system.

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How to install an inspection and collector well

If you purchased a ready-made plastic container, then you only need to install it on a pre-prepared base. Installation of both types of wells is practically the same. The difference can only be in size, the number of outlet pipes, as well as in a horizontal or vertical arrangement.

Viewing, as a rule, have a vertical design, accumulative can be made in a horizontal or vertical version. In addition, collector wells are usually equipped with drainage pump and produce a pipe outlet to the sump.

Pipe connection must be carried out after the container is installed on a carefully prepared base, after which the pipes are sealed and the well is backfilled

Dig a ditch in front of a well for collecting and discharging drainage water, preparatory work, as described above, and lay the pipes, but do not fall asleep yet.

Well installation consists of the following steps:

deepen the area where the well is supposed to be installed, it should be 40 cm deeper than the level of the pipes;
pour and compact a layer of sand and gravel;
prepare a concrete solution (3 parts of sand and 1 part of cement) and fill the bottom with it;
after the base has hardened and is completely ready (it will take about 2 days), lay a layer of geotextile;
install the container on the concrete sole, attach it to the pipe bends;

At the end, mount the hatch on top, fill the structure from all sides with rubble and soil.

Installation of an absorbent structure made of plastic

To install a filter well, you will need plastic containers without bottom. Their installation is carried out in the same way as described above, with the exception of pouring concrete base. Instead, a filter system is made at the bottom of the well, which purifies the incoming water in a natural way.

In order for the absorption type well to work productively for a long time, it is necessary to properly install it, as shown in the figure (+)

A layer of gravel, crushed stone or other similar material 20-30 cm thick. B upper part pipes are connected to the wells, the structure is covered with crushed stone or gravel from all sides, covered with geofabric from above and closed with a hatch.

Making containers from plastic pipes

If you don't have it, you can make it yourself. To do this, you need a plastic pipe of a certain diameter (35-45 cm for viewing and rotary structures and 63-95 cm for collector and absorption). In addition, it is necessary to purchase a round bottom and a plastic hatch in accordance with the size of the pipe and rubber gaskets.

Manufacturing algorithm:

Cut a plastic pipe of the required size, corresponding to the depth of the well.
At about a distance of 40-50 cm from the bottom, make holes for the pipes and equip them with rubber gaskets.
Attach the bottom to the container and seal all seams with bitumen mastic or other sealant.

Installation of a home-made drainage tank is carried out according to the above scheme.

Construction of a well from concrete rings

For the well, it is necessary to purchase reinforced concrete rings, which are made from moisture-resistant concrete. The dimensions and diameter of the rings are selected based on the type and purpose of the well. But it must be borne in mind that the depth of their occurrence should be at least two meters.

Concrete rings are available in various sizes (height from 10 cm to 1 m and diameter from 70 cm to 2 m), so choosing a product is not difficult. For a well, rings are usually chosen with a height of 50-60 and a diameter of 70-150 cm. Their weight, depending on the size, ranges from 230-900 kg.

Concrete rings are lowered one by one into a pre-dug hole and stacked on top of each other.

Of course, such a weight is not impossible to lift alone, so you will have to invite one or two assistants. You can install the structure in two ways. If the diameter of the ring allows a person to fit inside, then you can simply put it on the ground, and then proceed to excavate the soil from the inside.

The ring will press its own weight on the ground and gradually sag as the soil is dug out from under it. Thus, it is possible to install all the rings, laying them on top of each other and fastening them together with metal brackets.

The second option is to first dig a pit, the width of which should be about 40 cm larger than the diameter of the rings. If the soil is soft, the bottom should be covered with gravel with a layer of 15-20 cm, and then the concrete rings should be lowered. With this method, if a revision or storage well is made, it is desirable to install a lower ring with a blank bottom.

After installing the concrete rings in place, it is necessary to carefully seal all the cracks with bitumen. In the ceiling, you can make a viewing window for visual inspection well

If there is no bottom, then you will need to make it yourself. To do this, the lower part of the well is poured concrete mortar with reinforcement. When installing an absorption structure, the bottom of the tank is equipped with a filter system, as described above.

All joints between rings are smeared cement-sand mixture, and then after drying, they are sealed with bitumen-polymer waterproofing.

Further from the well, a trench for drainage pipes is dug, but do not rush to lay them, because first you will have to do another rather laborious job - to make holes in the concrete to connect the pipes. This can be done with a puncher and victorious or diamond crowns for concrete. They have different diameters, so choose right size easy, but the cost is quite high.

If there was no concrete crown on the farm, and you don’t want to spend money on buying it, you can resort to another cheaper method. In the place where the outlet is supposed to be made, attach the pipe and draw a circle of the required diameter with a pencil. Drill through holes along the contour of the drawn line.

Holes are drilled with a concrete drill in increments of 1-2 cm from each other, one is made in the center of the circle

Direct the crowbar into the central hole and start to break it slowly, as the hole expands, take a large hammer or sledgehammer and bring the process to the end. Now you can bring the pipes and put on them protective rubber seals, insert into the hole made. Also coat the entry points with bitumen. Install the cover.

Installing drainage wells is not an easy process, but a must for areas with high level groundwater deposits. If the territory is not equipped with a full-fledged drainage system in a timely manner, then periodic flooding of the basement of the house will inevitably lead to the destruction of the foundation of the building.

We are waiting for your stories about how you built drainage on the site and installed drainage wells. You can write about your own experience, comment and discuss the article, ask questions in the block below.

Groundwater drainage is a system of channels underground. Such a device allows you to divert groundwater from buildings and structures and lower their level.

Groundwater drainage

Proximity to the groundwater surface is one of the most important causes of many problems in sports grounds, suburban areas and other outdoor facilities.

This provokes:

Constantly damp soil - unsatisfactory conditions for plant growth, which is why the surrounding area becomes swampy.
Erosion of the surface soil layer - the risk of failure and erosion, damage to sidewalks and pavement, problems with the movement of people and vehicles.
Flooding of basements and basement floors - reducing the life of foundations, damaging property, creating favorable environment for the propagation of harmful microorganisms.

Poorly permeable soil types, rapid snowmelt and intense precipitation only exacerbate the situation. The way out is to drain the territory by laying a deep drainage system.

In our company you can order everything you need for arranging a drainage system at your facility: pipes, bends for drainage pipes, wells and pumps.

Drainage pipes

Perforated pipe, which you can buy in our online store, is a modern, highly efficient product for the construction of drainage systems. Plastic, as a material for its creation, has successfully replaced the ceramics and asbestos cement used earlier. High degree durability and reliability of PVC pipes provided them with a high place on the podium. Acceptable price and convenience in laying such products have made them the main means of creating deep drainage at the present time.

Thanks to the creation of a special system excess moisture removed from the ground, the desired water balance, and the site and the buildings erected on it are protected from the effects of waterlogging associated with heavy rainfall and a high level of groundwater.

How to properly install a drainage system

Before installing the elements, it is necessary to determine the level of groundwater. This will allow you to choose the most suitable method of drainage.

Determination of the soil structure in the territory. Having received this information, you can choose the right material connecting pipes and elements.
Formation of a place for the diversion of groundwater.
Determination of sloping areas in the territory. If there is no slope, you will have to install a well or pump.
Determination of the load and area of the catchment system.

Self installation

All owners face the problem of water drainage land plots. We offer an effective solution - buy all the components for the deep drainage system (pipes, wells, pumps, drainage pipe bends) and solve the drainage problem by following the installation scheme.

Drainage is laid around the entire perimeter of the structure.
For the embankment, it is imperative to use crushed stone, laying it in a layer of 10-20 cm thick.
Crushed stone is laid in a dug trench in such a way that a slope of 5 cm is observed for each meter of distance.
Then the crushed stone embankment is compacted and leveled. Pipes are laid over the embankment.
After that, the trench must be covered with soil, without the admixture of debris and stones.
The drainage system must be protected from exposure to cold temperatures in winter period. For this, thermal insulation plates are used.
To protect drainage systems from debris, dust and impurities, it is recommended to use pipes with geotextile, which serves as a filter.

Creation efficient design for drainage will provide long terms operation of your building, protect its foundation from premature destruction.

It is unlikely that anyone would think of building a house on a sandy area. For construction, places with groundwater are selected so that in the future there will be no problems with drinking water. But this plus of the area can turn into waterlogging of the soil, and the destruction of the foundation of the building. To protect yourself from this problem, you need to build a drainage well. This design, serves to divert groundwater from the site.

Materials and working principle

The work of the well is simple. A trench is pulled out on the site to collect and drain water - a drain. One or more drains are connected to it, which drain the liquid into a reservoir located nearby with the site or into a special reservoir.

Of the materials, you will need a standard set that you have left after the buildings: sand, crushed stone, cement, pipes (of various sizes), etc. You will additionally have to purchase concrete rings if you build the main tank from them. However, you can also use ready-made wells, which can be ordered in specialized stores. So, instead of a structure made of reinforced concrete rings, there will be plastic well. This option is very convenient and when arranging drainage, several outlets are connected to it. Thus, you will just need to install the well and drain the drains. True, at a cost such wells more expensive option from concrete.

Types of drainage systems

Drainage wells are divided into four types according to the type of soil and the movement of groundwater. The principle of operation of each is different, and before you make a drainage well, decide what system you need.

This version of the drainage system is able to collect and accumulate moisture, which can later be dumped into a ditch or used to water plants. Its construction is appropriate in the lowest part of the terrain.

Rotary wells

They are mounted on drainage bends or in places where several sewers are connected. In such places, there is a high probability of contamination of the internal cavities.

Such a well must be equipped in those places where it is impossible to lay pipes to drain liquid, due to the lack of a reservoir for discharge or sewerage. This is the deepest type of drainage system, and minimum depth should be at least 3 m. The bottom in the well is made of crushed stone or sand, this will allow the liquid to be discharged into the groundwater.

Note! If your site has low water permeability of the soil, then the depth of the well should be more than 3 meters. To determine the patency, it is better to use the services of a special service.

manhole

This option is used to access the drainage system and possible repair. For convenience, its width should be at least 1 m. In principle, such wells can be made in other systems, because repairs and preventive cleaning will not be superfluous.

Construction order

When choosing the size of the future well, the area of \u200b\u200bthe site is taken into account, namely the part that needs to be drained.

When all the materials are ready, work can begin. We dig a hole at least 2 meters deep, depending on the type of drainage system. At the bottom you need to equip a special pillow. Coarse sand is best suited for this. The bedding should be from 30 to 40 cm thick, in the process of arranging it must be well tamped.

On the backfill, you need to make a square formwork for arranging the foundation, which will serve as the bottom of the well. It should be laid reinforcing mesh, preferably small. This structure is filled with concrete mortar.

Note! The ends of the mesh at the bottom of the well must be bent upwards, this will be needed to connect it to the vertical formwork.

After the concrete has set, the inner and outer formwork is installed on the base. The walls on top must be connected with wooden planks. Concreting of the walls of the well is carried out according to the level. After 2 - 3 weeks, when the concrete is completely dry, we remove the formwork and backfill the base. It is better to use fine gravel or expanded clay for this.

Note! When arranging the external formwork, provide outlet channels into which pipes will be connected to drain the liquid. Depending on the size of the site and its saturation with water, provide 1 or 3 channels.

Digging a trench

To drain liquid from the well, polyethylene or asbestos pipes. Just digging a trench and laying pipes towards the dump site will not be enough. In order for the reset to occur correctly, you need to perform the following steps.

Fill the bottom of the trench with sand.
Lay a layer of fine gravel on top of it.
A drainage pipe is laid on such a pillow, which is also covered with sand and gravel.

Together, the layer of sand and gravel should be half the depth of the trench. The remaining depth is covered with loam, and a fertile layer of earth is laid on top.

If you want your site near the house to be constantly dry and clean, so that the foundation of the house is not exposed to moisture, does not rot and does not collapse, so that puddles do not form and there is no discomfort, then you definitely need drainage. The arrangement of surface water drainage is one of the main tasks during the construction of the site with the help of landscape works.

Drainage solves the problems of organized withdrawal of groundwater and rainwater to the drainage system. Organized rainwater drainage prevents water from entering through the adjacent groundwater in the basement of the house. There are two main options for water output - linear drainage and point.

foundation drainage

At high humidity, in order to prevent damage to the house, we recommend that you equip the drainage of the foundation of the infield. This is an engineering design protecting the house from moisture, using the output excess water. Having equipped drainage on the site, you will protect your home from damage such as:

mold;
frost;
high humidity in basements (flooding);
icing and so on.

Efficient drainage system and correct installation drainage pipes involve the use of a material that does not retain moisture, for example, crushed stone. Possible method of laying both drainage and storm sewer. But the top of the edge of the pipes must be below the sole of the base of the house. Crushed stone is poured into the trench a layer of about 15 centimeters, after which it is leveled according to the specified parameters and rammed. The slope for pipes must be accurately calculated. Turns, bends, etc., are set using flexible parts of the structure.

Seals in the coupling elements are not installed. For the drainage system to work properly, the pipe must be laid so that there is permeable material near it.

The trench of the drainage pipes is covered with earth, from which all stones must be removed. From the foundation to the surface there must be a layer of crushed stone or other material without water penetration. If the house has basements or basements, then you need to waterproof outside foundation, for example, using a film. You will also be able to change the structure of the soil and adjust the absorption of moisture in this way. Earth and material must fall asleep at an angle of 1:50 in relation to home.

Why does soil moisture increase?

Waterlogging of the soil can occur for a number of reasons:

backyard surrounded by houses deep foundation;
the backyard territory is located on a slope from where water flows (stream, groundwater, melted snow, etc.);
homestead territory is located in a lowland.

What causes high soil moisture

Besides, high humidity can damage the vegetation in the backyard area, it can also affect the buildings located in this area. In winter, the wet ground freezes and starts to expand. As a result, layers of soil begin to press on the base of the house. This leads to basement becomes unusable, cracks form on the walls, window and door openings warp.

To prevent this from happening, an effective drainage system is needed. Excess moisture from the surface passes into pipes (drains) connected to each other, and then is removed outside the backyard territory. But this is a rather rough explanation of how the drainage system works, in reality, everything is much more complicated. There are several types of drainage systems that are installed taking into account the characteristics of the soil and the location of the immediate backyard area. For example, clay soil rather poorly passes moisture, and this leads to stagnation of water in the area.

Horizontal drainage systems

The most popular now horizontal drainage systems are deep and linear drainage. To remove water from the roof of the house and drain it outside the territory, a linear drainage is installed.

Deep drainage is considered the most complex system. The state of the entire backyard territory will depend on how the deep drainage system is installed. For the arrangement of this system, you need to be very careful. Moreover, it is not necessary to abuse the shallow installation of drains, this can lead to uneven drainage of the backyard territory. Deep drainage can lay on separate sections , it is possible throughout the territory according to the principle of parallel lines or Christmas trees. Much mounting option deep system drainage implies the presence on the territory of all kinds of obstacles and interference (buildings, fences, trees, etc.). Drains must run perpendicular to the collector, which ensures the withdrawal of water.

What you need to know when designing a drainage system

The options for the location of drains and the composition of the soil are the main conditions, without which any drainage system will simply be useless pipes. For soil that does not pass moisture well, systems with frequent drains are installed. For example, for clay soil systems are installed where drains are every 11 meters, and for sandy soils every 52 meters.

The effectiveness of soil drainage significantly depends on how deep the drains are. Here you need to find a golden mean. So that groundwater does not flood the territory at the same time, and feed the plants. Here it is necessary to take into account not only the composition of the soil, but also the plants growing here. For example, for a traditional English lawn, drains should be installed to a depth of 25 centimeters. The slope with which the drains are laid into the ground depends on the thickness of the drains themselves. The thinner the drainage pipes, the more slope is required.

The installation of soil drainage pipes is done in trenches specially made at a given depth. Moreover, the width of the trenches must be at least 3 pipe diameters. Geotextiles are placed on top of the drains, which are then covered with a layer of rubble. The thickness of the rubble must be equal to the diameter of the drain. Then everything is covered with sand and covered fertile soil. Sometimes, if it is not possible to drain water into tanks or reservoirs, drainage systems are equipped with a pump and a well.

Before starting the arrangement of the ground drainage system, it is necessary to determine the level of groundwater (GWL). To an ordinary person without specialized equipment, it is almost impossible to do it yourself, for this you need to invite specialists who will do topographic survey of the territory and detailed site maps. A specialist can calculate the level of groundwater for any time of the year.

Closed and open ground drainage system

Drainage systems are either closed or open. The latter are quite cheap and easy to work with. For arrangement open system drainage, you just need to make gutters throughout the backyard and make sure that the ditches do not clog. Moreover, they must pass under a slope from the building outside the territory of the house.

The closed view has several varieties. A closed system is constructed quite simply: the main element of its installation is the conclusion of soft drains. To do this, you need to make ditches, pour layer of sand or gravel and a layer of earth on top.

Another type of closed systems is the linear water drainage system and the arrangement of drainage trays. This drainage system requires specific definition loads on the backyard area:

class "A" - laying paths in the backyard;
class "B" - arrangement of garages and parking lots for cars weighing up to 5 tons;
class "B" - arrangement of garages and parking lots for cars weighing from up to 20 tons.

The choice of used trays, safety pads, gratings will depend on the load class. The number of drain lines will depend on the size of the area and the type of soil. The most popular option for installing drainage systems today is the laying of drainage pipes. Most often used polymer pipes, which are considered quite durable and reliable.

Drainage wells

No drainage system can do without a well. The drainage well is swivel, absorbent or water inlet. Rotary wells are placed in the areas of sewage turns, it is these wells that give the direction of movement for wastewater.

A water intake well is needed to remove wastewater outside the territory. Also, this well can be installed for irrigation of the site.

An absorbing well is installed to drain wastewater into the ground.

Drainage systems

This is protective devices used to protect your backyard from the aggressive action of groundwater. Financial investments in these mechanisms are quite high, but the payback time of capital investments is quite fast. Restoration of damaged soil at a cost will be much higher than the price of direct drainage.

Drainage systems are branched pipe system connected to each other, and have many holes on the walls along a place protected from water. Here comes the water flowing through the ground, which moves to the well for collecting water, located in the lowest part of the territory. The installation depth of the direct drainage depends on the boundary of the accumulation of water in the well.

The underground water accumulated with the help of the drainage system can be used to irrigate the backyard territory or go into gutter. The absorption of water from the lower layers of the soil is inversely proportional to the depth of the well. According to the level of vegetation located on the site, the need for equipment of the drainage system is revealed. This system is really useful in case the vegetation cannot take root in the conditions, as a result of waterlogging of the soil. Bandwidth soil taking into account surface and ground waters, it differs significantly, which is reflected in the soil.

This is a whole complex of interconnected subsystems and elements that include a linear drainage system, point drainage, an underground drainage system, a collector well and sewer pipelines.

Point drainage has two main characteristics: the first is the local collection of melt and rainwater, the other is protection against dirt. In the first installation method, storm water inlets are mounted under roof drains, under irrigation taps and in other places where local water collection is needed. In another variant, shoe-shine systems or mud-protecting complexes are used, which are installed in pits near the door.
In places where you need an organized and quick removal of melt, rain and other excess (for example, in car washes) humidity, a surface linear system drains. This complex is various lengths segments of successively fixed and buried sand traps and channels. On top, they are covered with removable gratings, which have decorative and protective functions.
Sewer pipelines in complex drainage systems, they play the role of moving the waters collected in the backyard to the final tank (collector). Sewer pipelines are a system that consists of pipes for external sewerage, as well as from many transitional, rotary, connecting, in all kinds of locking and inspection fittings for them.
Underground drainage system - it is a network of drainage pipes installed underground in a specific system. At the same time, underground drainage systems have observation wells that serve to control the operation of the system and flushing during flooding. There are two main uses for an underground drainage system: backyard drainage and building foundation drainage. Drainage of the territory of a personal plot can be shallow - to collect melt and rainwater, or deep - to reduce the overall level of groundwater in the territory. The drainage of the base of the house can also be of two types: ring and wall. Wall-mounted is used if the house has ground floor or a basement, annular - in their absence.
The drainage system is being completed collector well. These wells can be: water absorption or water intake. The collected water is collected from the water intake well for subsequent irrigation or is discharged outside the territory. The absorbing well is placed without a bottom, and displays the water collected by the drainage system into the lower soil layers.

Also very important role for the collection and removal of excess water from the territory plays a gutter system on the roof. She is very complementary. integrated system drainage and makes it completely finished.

Types of surface drainage

Now, in addition to deep drainage, which is used to reduce groundwater, another type of drainage system is being installed - surface water drainage and drainage systems. Surface drainage for the withdrawal and collection of water on roads, sidewalks, lawns, backyard and dacha territory, cottages. This drainage, taking into account the use of water drainage elements, is divided into linear and point drainage.

Linear water diversion and drainage

Water drainage systems and linear drainage installed to collect water over a large area. Their main advantage is that they do not need complex soil preparation. For linear drainage, it is only necessary to organize slopes on both sides of the drain. This linear water drainage allows you to cover large area site and reduce the length of the storm sewer, which is much easier to install and maintain than surface water drainage.

So, let's summarize how profitable it is to install a soil drainage system. For most owners country house the drainage system seems like an unnecessary expense. In fact, a huge amount earthworks, the purchase of polyethylene plastic pipes and protective membranes, the installation of concrete wells for drainage - all these are significant and additional financial costs. But without this, the house will not last long, it will require significant repairs, and constant moisture will cause serious problems.

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