What mansard roofs look like - photos of various options. Mansard roof truss system: design

The construction of a spacious private house often involves the construction of an attic. This allows you to make functional every square meter of area. At the same time, roofs differ in their features, appearance and construction technology.

What is an attic and how did it appear

In the 17th century, the French architect Francois Mansart began to use high roofs in the development of projects. This made it possible to achieve the necessary visual effects, to create Beautiful design building. The room under the high roof turned out to be quite spacious and the architect suggested using it as a room for not too eminent guests or service personnel. In the 18th century, mansards became widespread in Russia, for example, in St. Petersburg, many buildings were equipped with spacious mansards and complex roofs. In the future, the advantages of such structures became more popular.

Attic makes the building more functional

The attic is a residential attic located under high roof. This area usually occupies free space under the roof, but options are also possible in which the room is located only in a certain part of the attic. The height of the walls of the sloping ceiling often does not exceed 1.5 m, and then the angle of the roof slope begins. The designs can be different, but always the attic requires a certain arrangement, involving insulation, equipment for the living area.

When it is impossible and when it is possible to make an attic

Equipped and comfortable attic is an additional living space in the house. At the same time, there are situations when it is impossible to make the attic a residential and comfortable room. In such cases, significant problems arise and the room may be inconvenient to use.

The attic can be very small, but for the arrangement it is important to take into account certain requirements.

Creating a living space in the attic is complicated or impossible in the following situations:

if the ceiling height at the highest point is less than 2.4 m;
too low, hindering the movement of the location of the horizontal screeds of the truss system;
if the rafter system and floors are too light and not suitable for arranging living space in the attic;
arrangement of the attic in already finished house, which requires the analysis of the roof.

The best option is to design a house immediately with an attic. This allows you to provide for all the features of the attic living space and make the roof with optimal parameters. If the house has already been built, and the roof has sufficient height and is made of durable materials, then you can make an attic in the finished building. In this case, there is no specific arrangement option, since everything depends on individual features finished roof, strength of attic floors and other factors.

Design features

To build an attic in a house under construction, the roof should be properly equipped. At the same time, the design of the attic consists of load-bearing elements roofing and attic floor, and for complete arrangement insulation, waterproofing and finishing works are carried out.

The arrangement of the attic under the attic requires care

In order for the attic space to become a comfortable living room, it is important to provide for the presence of all the necessary layers in the roof structure. Be sure to place the following layers during the construction of the roof:

vapor barrier, which is necessary for diverting excess moisture from the room to the outside. For this, a special film is used, which is attached to the crate fixed on the rafter system;
insulation that keeps the heat inside the room. The material must be non-combustible, durable and practical to use;
waterproofing, which performs the function of protecting the premises and load-bearing elements from moisture coming from outside;
the ventilation gap is necessary to preserve the roof and prevent rotting. The height of the ventilation gap is 45–50 mm, and this ventilation space is located between the waterproofing and the external roofing material.

Before building a house with a residential attic space, a project is created that contains all important information about future construction. The project assumes the presence detailed drawing the whole house and the attic in particular. Additional Information contains data about the materials used, the parameters of the room.

For any attic you need a detailed project plan

When designing, many factors are taken into account. For example, heating option attic space, climatic conditions, purpose of the room. This allows you to make an attic that best suits the operating conditions and meets modern requirements comfort.

Advantages and disadvantages of a mansard roof

Arrangement attic space under living quarters difficult process requiring knowledge of all the features of the house. To do this, it is worth knowing the advantages and disadvantages of the attic that characterize this design.

The attic is characterized by a set of features that should be considered during construction

The main advantage of arranging the attic is the maximum rational use of the space under the roof. The attic also has the following advantages:

aesthetic appearance of the house from the outside;
the possibility of creating original interior inside the attic;
reduction of heat loss through the roof;
the possibility of arranging an additional functional room.

Even a small attic can be used rationally

The disadvantages of the attic are expressed in the complexity of arranging the premises. To create in the attic optimal conditions heat and waterproofing materials are needed for living highest quality and degree of security. It is especially important to properly design the roof, install special windows and ensure high-quality ventilation roof space.

Attic options

Since the introduction of attic architecture, many options for such structures have appeared. All of them differ in appearance, construction technology, operation features, but always allow rational use of the attic area.

Different types of attics allow you to create a variety of interiors

Multi-gable roofing is one of the most complex options roof structures. Outside, the roof is a complex of angular ledges, and inside the ceiling has a complex shape.

Many protrusions make the design original

Multi-gable roofing has both advantages and disadvantages. The advantages of this design are expressed in the following:

unusual appearance roofing;
rapid descent of precipitation;
reliability of the truss system;
stability under significant loads.

disadvantages mansard roof expressed in the complexity of design and the mandatory careful calculation of the parameters of the structure. Therefore, before construction, a professional project is created, taking into account all the design features. Otherwise, the roof may be unreliable or uneven, which will adversely affect performance characteristics building.

Multi-gable roofing can be quite simple, but reliable

The attic can be made under an asymmetric roof. This design is different in that it has sides with different parameters. An asymmetric type roof is a triangle, the refraction of which occurs not at the top corner, but at the base. As a result of this, different angles and sides are formed, the area of \u200b\u200bone slope is larger than the area of \u200b\u200bthe other.

Asymmetric roof has an interesting appearance

The main advantage of an asymmetrical roof is that the windows will be vertical instead of slanted. This prevents moisture from entering the room. The attic under such a roof is more spacious and provides comfortable living. When constructing an asymmetric roof, it is important to correctly calculate the load on each side, because the reliability of the roof and comfort inside the attic depend on this.

Calculation of the load on the roof is carried out by professional specialists

For a residential building with a perimeter with equal sides, a hipped roof is suitable. The design assumes the presence of slopes with the same parameters and therefore the shape of the building should be square. A hipped roof can be domed, conical or pyramidal. Last option is more practical and often decorates residential buildings.

The hipped roof has a fairly simple design.

The hip roof provides a spacious attic space. The design has 4 slopes, 2 of which often have large sizes than 2 surfaces located at the end of the building. The hip roof allows you to get a spacious attic room, the area of \u200b\u200bwhich is larger than with a pitched roof.

Attic under hip roof has a large area

A cuckoo roof is a roof that has a small triangular or other shaped ledge, which often contains a dormer window. In form, such structures can be hip, arched, single or gable. The ledge has its own truss system, conjugated with the main one. Cuckoo roofing allows you to get a larger attic area than a simple one pitched roof. Several cuckoos may be present on the surface.

Cuckoo roof allows you to get a spacious attic

Shed roofs

To create a simple and large attic, shed roofs are often built. In the attic there is one full-fledged wall, and the other is an inclined surface. In this case, the windows are often located obliquely, but it is possible to install a cuckoo or place windows on the main wall of the attic.

Shed roof is easy to install, but requires accurate calculation of parameters

The most convenient is the angle of inclination of 40 °, which allows you to make an attic in the attic. During installation, the ramp is located on the leeward side. The presence of one corner of the roof contributes to an increase in the useful area of \u200b\u200bthe attic, above which you can place a small attic space for storing things.

Gable roof with attic

The roof, which has two slopes, allows you to create an attic with a uniform rise in the ceiling. On both sides, the roof is located at the same angle to the walls. In places where the ceiling adjoins the walls, an area is formed, the functionality of which is minimal. To create a spacious attic space, it is enough to make a roof with an angle of 45 °, which is optimal for houses whose width is not more than 6 m.

Attic can be built immediately during the construction of walls

The arrangement of the attic under a gable roof is popular and effective option rational use attic space. Often the attic is equipped with a balcony located at the end of the building. When designing, it is required to calculate all the parameters and determine the location of the windows.

broken roof

One of the varieties of a gable roof is a broken shape. This design has two slopes, but each of them is built in such a way that it consists of two parts. This feature allows you to reduce the angle of the roof and increase the height of the attic walls. As a result, the attic space becomes more functional and is used much more rationally.

The broken shape allows you to make a spacious attic

The broken shape requires the correct construction of the roof truss system. At the same time, the load on the roof is low, since the presence of double slopes contributes to the rapid removal of precipitation.

Four-pitched roofs with an attic

The peculiarity of the attic, equipped under a hipped roof, is that all 4 walls have a small height. The ceiling rises obliquely on all 4 sides and therefore effective area the attic under such a roof is quite small. A simple hipped roof is practical in operation, as precipitation quickly descends down the roof.

The four-pitched roof is convenient and practical

Hip roof structures can be more complex. For example, multi-level options, which include several inclined surfaces located at different levels.

Attic roof options

Roof designs that allow you to make an attic in the attic space are diverse. When designing, special attention should be paid to the roofing material, which is selected depending on climatic conditions, design features, personal preferences and building design.

metal tile

Steel or aluminum metal tiles are in demand as a roof covering with an attic. Materials can be of any color, but when choosing, you should pay attention to the following features:

geometry and depth of the insole;
type of color coating;
material thickness;
specifications.

Metal tiles can be of different colors, but an important factor in the choice is the characteristics of the material.

The metal tile is reliable and provides comfort in the attic. For arrangement under the roof of the attic, it is worth choosing strong, durable structures that are resistant to climatic influences.

Attic with glass roof

Glass is rarely used for roofing and is especially unsuitable for harsh climates. In a very warm climate, it is realistic to make an attic with a glass roof, using especially durable materials and developing an accurate design project.

The glass roof is suitable for mild climates and requires careful maintenance.

When designing an attic with a transparent roof, it is important to carefully calculate the load on the roof, determine the parameters of the walls, the angle of inclination. To create a roof, durable materials are used that are resistant to temperature extremes and mechanical stress.

SIP panels for the roof

Special building boards made of pressed wood chips and expanded polystyrene can be used to create an attic roof. This material has the following features:

high thermal insulation effect;
availability and low cost;
fire resistance and non-toxicity;
simple installation;

When using SIP panels for roofing, it is important to ensure good waterproofing structures to protect the material from moisture.

SIP panels are practical in operation and provide sound insulation

Decking for attic roofing

To equip a roof with an attic, you can use any roofing materials that provide reliable protection for load-bearing structural elements. Decking is one of the most demanded and available options. metal sheets from polymer coated can be of any color, and when choosing, it is important to pay attention to the fact that the material must be intended for roofing.

A roof with an attic is quite easy to cover with corrugated board

How to make a mansard roof

The construction of a roof with an attic involves the definition of a design option. Only after this does the design stage begin, in which materials, parameters, architectural features structures. The main stages of construction are:

A separate stage of work is the creation and installation skylights. Plastic modern designs- widespread and practical option. Small or complex windows are made to order. The structures are mounted in a special opening, which should be provided for when installing the roof truss system. Windows can be located at the ends of the roof, cuckoo or obliquely on the roof.

Photo gallery: interior options for attics

In a spacious attic it is easy to create a cozy atmosphere with a minimum amount of furniture Large windows provide good lighting A cozy study is easy to equip in the attic In a small space you need to properly delimit the zones Attic windows can be quite large and high Small space requires a minimum amount of furniture

Video: attic finishing features

The attic space can perform any function, but it is always important to determine the type of construction, parameters and materials for the construction of the attic even at the stage of building and designing a house.

Shed, gable, broken, hip and semi-hip, domed, pyramidal and conical - all these are mansard roofs. Among such architectural diversity, one can get confused. So what is your choice?

Attic and its advantages

Cozy, warm, small but bright room with big window or a balcony - exemplary associations that the word "attic" evokes. Often such rooms appear in country houses where it is necessary to expand the living space. Also, such premises are often allocated for children's playrooms. In any case, the attic is a great way to increase the living space of the house at the expense of the attic.

In addition to the fact that the attic room allows you to expand the square meters of living space, it is also good way create a whole piece of architecture. Due to the wide variety of possible forms of construction, this room can become a highlight of any home. But these points must be taken into account at the stage of designing the construction or reconstruction of a house.

The attic floor is the floor provided for by the construction project, carried out in accordance with all the requirements of SNiP. And according to these standards, the facade of the attic is formed by the surface of the roof and what shape the attic will be, and this roof determines. Therefore, choosing the type of roof construction for an attic is a rather serious process that should be understood, but first you still need to understand: do you need an attic or not?

Benefits for a homeowner attic floor, are as follows:

a chance to expand the living space using the attic space;
the ability to give the building an original appearance;
reduction of heat loss through the roof, which will save the cost of heating the house.

The main argument for the construction of the attic is to increase the usable area in the house. This room can become both a full-fledged bedroom or a nursery, and a utility room: a pantry, dressing room, winter garden or workshop. If everything is organized correctly, then it will definitely not be empty, and at the same time it will cost much less than building a second floor or an extension to the house.

This room also has its drawbacks, for example:

the presence of sloping ceilings;
the need for mandatory;
the need for high-quality waterproofing.

Due to the sloping ceilings, the room has a specific geometry, which is not always comfortable for living. The geometry of the mansard roof requires the installation of special windows that are more expensive than ordinary ones. Also, the owners of the house are deprived (in whole or in part) of such a room as an attic.

Mansard roof options and their features

Mansard roofs differ from other roofs by dividing the slope into two parts: the upper one is gentle and the lower one is steeper. But the presence of a mansard roof does not necessarily indicate the existence of an attic as such. The house can have a full-fledged second floor with living rooms and a mansard-type roof without an attic. This option allows you to create very bright and spacious rooms.

Mansard type roofs are made in several versions, each of which has differences in the design of the truss system and the house as a whole. Possible options mansard roofs are represented by the following classification:

single-level attic with a gable roof;
single-level with a sloping roof;
single-level with remote consoles;
two-level with combined type supports.

The first type is a single attic level under a gable (gable) roof. Such a roof is mounted from two slopes directed in opposite directions. Simple, common and practical design. A large angle of inclination allows precipitation to quickly and freely descend from the roof surface. This is the easiest option to do on your own.

The most simple design roofs are gable, having a triangular shape and rectilinear outlines.

The sloping roof of the second type is distinguished by the use of a different system of rafters. In this embodiment, 4 roof planes are formed, and not two, as in the previous case. Rooms in such an attic will have vertical walls and, as a result, there will be more living space. The shape of a single-level attic with a sloping roof has more complex structure, which complicates its installation, especially on its own.

The third version of the design of the mansard roof is both more complex in design and execution, and more spacious in terms of the resulting area. This design involves shifting the attic to the edge on one side of the house. With this implementation, from a flat side, you can insert ordinary windows of a vertical configuration or even equip a terrace.

A two-level attic is the most difficult option to implement. As a rule, such a structure is designed at the stage of building a house and consists of two or more rooms in the upper part of the building. These rooms are located on different levels, forming no longer a floor, but separate part Houses.

Mansard roofs: how to choose?

It is necessary to carry out the choice of the future roof, and, accordingly, the shape of the attic itself, at the design stage of the building. It is at this point that it is necessary to decide whether there will be an attic in the house, what it will be like and how to implement it. To solve all these problems, you should answer a number of questions that will help in the choice:

What is the purpose of the second floor? Will it be living rooms or storage rooms for any things?
What is the minimum and maximum height second floor? For a comfortable stay in the rooms of the second floor, 2.5 m is enough, and it is not rational to do more than 3.5 m.
Is there a need for full size windows? If these are living rooms, then windows should be 1/8–1/5 of the total area. If these are utility rooms, then windows with a total area of up to 1.5 m 2 will suffice.
Are there any restrictions on the height of the future house? For example, whether neighboring houses will shade the second floor, whether soil features are taken into account, etc.
What roof geometry will be acceptable? Perhaps there are some wishes for the appearance of the roof. For example, it is necessary that it has a pyramidal or conical shape, which implies the creation of a rounded or multifaceted attic structure.
How can engineering and communication systems be carried out? Here you need to take into account the purpose of the attic, but you should take care of the availability of an electrical network.

Taking into account all these points, a building project with an attic is being developed. The more detailed this document is, the greater the chances for successful implementation. Such details are all elements of the mansard roof: rafters and ridge, roofing materials, lathing, heat and vapor barrier material, waterproofing, mauerlat, inner lining. Everything is important here and all factors should be taken into account:

roofing must be used from lightweight materials (metal tiles);

Building materials for the attic should be lightweight so that no additional load is created on the supporting structures.

thermal insulation must be done very carefully, since heat losses on this tier of the house are very significant. For these purposes, mineral wool is well suited.
a vapor barrier film is applied to the insulation from the side of the house, and waterproofing material retains moisture on the other side of the insulation. These materials are designed to create a comfortable indoor climate;
internal partitions are best made from lightweight profiles such as drywall. It is also rational to make the inner lining from this material.

When people start building a house, they rarely think about the fact that the composition of the family may soon change. What to do if additional living space is needed, and it is impossible to expand the dwelling due to outbuildings due to the small area land plot? The design of the mansard roof solves the problem of lack of space, it can be mounted on a newly built house or to reconstruct an existing roof.

Gable attic

Sloped roof with attic

Varieties of mansard roofs

The group of mansard roofs includes all types of roofs, under the slopes of which it is possible to equip a living space. By building codes the attic is distinguished from the attic by the height of the ceiling, suitable for human habitation and the presence natural light. The following are suitable for attic installation:

Houses with a roof of any type can be equipped with an attic, however, working with a hipped, shed and asymmetric is more difficult and expensive, it is better to abandon these options in favor of more rational ones - a gable or broken roof.

Types of attic rooms

A heated attic space is a real alternative to the second residential floor of a wooden or brick house. The fact is that the increase in the number of storeys of the structure is associated with significant costs for the capital foundation and the construction of the stairs. Different attic configurations are used depending on the available area and the needs of the homeowner:

Single-level. Under the broken or straight slopes of the gable roof, there is only one living space. The construction of this type of attic is not associated with an increase in the weight of the roof, so it is suitable for buildings under construction and reconstructed. Even a master without experience can perform the calculation and build a drawing of a single-level attic. According to building codes, the ceiling height in a residential area should be 2.5 m or more.
Single-level with a remote console. A cantilever type mansard roof device is placed under an asymmetric roof. To increase the area of \u200b\u200bthe living space, part of it is taken out to the limits of the perimeter of the structure. The protruding part of the attic, based on pillars, is adapted for a canopy or garage. The roof of the house with consoles is asymmetrical, covering the main part of the house gable roof, and the console is a single-sided patch. The console view of the attic is erected to install vertical windows for natural light. However, creating a project and drawings of such complexity is within the power of professional architects, and complex scheme rafter system is not suitable for self-assembly.
Two-level. If the roof height exceeds 5 m, then in the attic room it is possible to equip two rooms located at different levels and connected by a staircase. This type of attic is not built on already existing houses. Two-level premises are planned at the design stage, taken into account when creating foundation drawings. Scheme relative position rafter system is specially designed for complex, asymmetric geometry of roof slopes. The second level of the attic is based on columns, so the reliability of the structure directly depends on the correctness of the calculations and the professionalism of the architect.

Designers can create real masterpieces from cantilever and two-level attics, using the advantages of panoramic lighting, equip a greenhouse, nursery or bedroom filled with fresh air and light, however, a simple single-level design is more suitable for self-assembly.

Advantages of the attic

Homeowners try to use every opportunity to rationalize construction costs, so they do not miss the opportunity to use the space under the roof of the house. This option to increase the useful area of \u200b\u200bthe house has the following advantages:

The minimum price of 1 sq. m of living space. Due to the fact that the equipment of the attic is not associated with an increase in the cost of building a foundation, the cost of each meter in the house is cheaper than in the construction of two-story structures.
Rationalization of heating costs. An air pocket between the floor and ceiling of the attic, prevents the heat generated heating appliances exit through the roof. Air does not transfer heat well, so it will be warmer on the ground floor of the building, which leads to energy savings.
Finished look. Attic equipment makes the look of the house complete and harmonious, allows you to equip a balcony, shed or garage.
Construction speed. During the construction of the attic in a residential building, it is imperative to stop the operation of the first floor. The speed of installation allows you to complete work on the attic equipment within a week.
Minimum costs. Experienced builders say that there is no cheaper way to get a few square meters.

To equip an attic room, the length of the end wall of the building must exceed 4.5 m, and the area of \u200b\u200bthe house is more than 7 square meters. m, the recommended proportion of height to area is ½.

Natural lighting in the attic

The presence of natural light is a prerequisite that must be met in order for the attic space to be considered residential according to building codes. There are two ways to organize it.

When choosing windows for the attic, keep in mind that it must be in harmony with the roofing material, total area windows cannot exceed a third of the surface of the slopes, and the size of the translucent structure directly depends on the angle of inclination.

Ventilation equipment

If you are going to insulate and heat the attic, it must be equipped with a forced ventilation system. The cold under-roof space is ventilated independently with the help of dormer windows. In a well-insulated attic, natural air circulation becomes difficult, which makes it stuffy, damp and uncomfortable. To avoid such problems, installation is necessary:

The location of the elements is forced ventilation system on a soft roof

A working forced ventilation system to circulate air using convection - properties warm air go upstairs, making room for the cool, taken from the street. This will increase the life of the truss system, roofing material, protect against mold and dampness, and also create a pleasant microclimate in the attic.

There are ready-made drawings of mansard roofs standard size available for do-it-yourself installation, if you are an inexperienced builder, then it will be most reliable to stop at just such options.

Video instruction

Many today want to have housing with an attic, for this the roofs of the houses are slightly modified, and we will talk about these construction features in the presented article.

Roof construction with an attic - construction features

Expansion of the usable area is the dream of almost every person, and the use of the attic space as a living space is the best way to bring it to life. But keep in mind that the loads on the roof will now also act from the inside, and not just from the outside, so roofing material must be of particular strength. For such purposes, a metal tile is perfect. Also, special attention should be paid to the quality of steam, hydro, noise and heat insulation of the house.

They are provided through the use of special polypropylene and polyethylene films, glass wool or mineral wool, etc.

In addition, it is very important that the attic is filled sunlight, and this factor is affected by the location and size of the windows. Thus, if you want to create a corner for relaxation, it is better that it be located with east side. If this space is planned to be used as an office, then windows should be made with north side. But the dimensions should be somewhere 5 centimeters less than the distance between the rafters. As for the height of the location, it completely depends on the angle of inclination of the roof: the smaller this angle, the lower the window should be placed.

Roofs of houses with an attic - advantages and disadvantages

Attic rooms can be characterized both on the good and the bad side. The positive, of course, is additional area, because, in fact, the attic is used for living, which means that extra square meters will appear. In addition, the space, located so high, is as far away from the entrance as possible, which makes it possible to retire in it, so it is quite advisable to use it as an office or just a corner for relaxation.

Even due to such an arrangement of the premises, additional thermal insulation of the main house is also created, which significantly reduces heat loss and saves on electricity. Yes, and the roof of the attic is being built with their own hands in almost the same way as a regular one, without involving any heavy equipment. One of the disadvantages is the cost of windows, because they will not be located in a standard wall, but in the roof, and even at an angle.

That is, ordinary, well-known designs will not work, and special ones are an order of magnitude more expensive. And the view from them in winter is unlikely to please, as they will be littered with snow more than usual. Still have to spend on additional work for thermal and waterproofing. The sloping walls, and in most attic options they will be just like that, are taken away usable space.

What can be the shape of the roof of a house with an attic?

In the question of how to make a roof with an attic, very important point is the choice of form, because it will largely determine the functionality of the room. If the house has a gable version, then in the room under it you can freely install full-fledged window and door blocks. In this case, you will have to spend money on the installation of such a structure, since it requires rather long boards.

Attic with pitched roof It is considered one of the simplest options, because both the design and installation will not require complex calculations and work, and the room inside will turn out to be very spacious. The only thing this design is sensitive to is tilt. It is best to withstand it in the range of 35-45 degrees, then the materials can be used light, and the resistance to winds and snow of such a roof is optimal.

But the hip structures, consisting of triangular and trapezoidal slopes, make it possible to make a cozy, however, not very large room. There is also a broken shape of the roof of the house with an attic, however, in order to make it, the width of the building must be more than five meters. In this case, the walls of the room will be vertical, however, difficulties may arise with the installation of windows, especially if the structure has many kinks.

They also allow you to equip additional living space and hip roof types, these include pyramidal, round and conical. Of course, the appearance of such a house, and the interior inside will be very original, but get ready for the additional costs associated not only with the installation of such an unusual roof, but also with the manufacture of windows special form.

How to make a roof with an attic - construction stages

The slightest mistake can break the whole idyll created by our overwork, but create for ourselves paradise it will be quite simple, you need to follow the instructions below. We tried to take into account all the nuances.

How to make a roof with an attic - a step by step diagram

Step 1: Tool preparation

To create a roof structure with an attic begins, of course, with the preparation of everything necessary. After all, if all the material and tools are at hand, then the work will not only end several times faster, but will also bring pleasure. From building material we will need: unedged boards, beams, as well as a half-meter board 150 mm wide, slate, nails for it with gaskets, annealed wire and ordinary wire for stretch marks, a hydrobarrier and insulation. From the tool you need to prepare the following: an ax, a hammer, a hacksaw, a plumb line, a tape measure, construction stapler and a knife.

Step 2: Mounting the frame

Beams (section 10x10 mm) are placed on the waterproofing layer, on which they are installed in vertical position at a distance of 2 meters from each other racks (bars 10x10 mm). They must be installed on a plumb line, because it is on them that future plasterboard walls attic. These racks are held by studded joints or metal brackets. Next, install the top bar.

If their length is more than eight meters, then you need to additionally install a ridge beam at the top, but which the rafter legs will rest on. Also, to achieve additional strength, stretch marks can be made under the ridge, they are especially relevant if the ridge beam is not installed at all. In places window openings rafters are attached by means of transverse bars, which simultaneously perform the role of both the lower and upper parts opening.

You can not do without the installation of filly. The scheme is the same as for the rafters, only they seem to continue the main structure. This is an obligatory element of any mansard roof, which primarily performs a protective role. A hem is attached over the fillies, protecting the under-roof space from destructive precipitation, snow, wind, etc.

The attic floor is a more spacious and well-prepared attic for life. Features of the room dictate their own conditions in relation to the roof. The arrangement of the mansard roof does not require the performer to have any special knowledge and skills. enough to prepare necessary tools read the instructions in detail and follow their recommendations in everything.

There are several types of mansard roofs. Familiarize yourself with the features of each of these roofs and choose the most suitable option. The main points of the construction technology are common to all types of construction.

The simplest option is a shed mansard roof. This design is carried out with some bias. It is used quite rarely, because. due to the slope, the usable area is reduced attic space.

The most popular option is a gable mansard roof. Inside the roof space will be comfortable and spacious. The gable roof is simple and profitable in arrangement.

It is a type of duplex design. In this case, the slopes will not be even, but broken. Usually broken roofs used in cases with small houses.

hip roof consists of four slopes. truss system hip roof is somewhat more complicated.

Half hip roof is a type of hipped roof. In this case, a half-hip is usually understood as the slope, which, as it were, cuts off part of the end side of the gable roof. The cut can pass from below and form a trapezoid, or at the top and create a triangle.

Interesting varieties of hipped mansard roof are pyramidal and conical roofs. These designs look best on polygonal houses and buildings. round shape. Perfectly combined with other types of roofs.

They are used quite rarely. This design has a smooth parabolic or circular shape. Previously, such roofs were widely used in the arrangement of rectangular houses.

What is the structure of the attic roof?

The mansard roof in the section is a "pie", consisting of several layers.

Mansard Roof Calculation Guide

The attic roof is calculated according to an extremely simple scheme. It is important to take into account not only the useful, but also the deaf area of the attic space. In this case, a zone in which the distance between the ceiling and the floor is more than 90-100 cm will be considered useful. The rest of the places are traditionally considered a dead zone. It is impossible to live in such areas, but in their place you can install a variety of shelves and other household items.

Calculate the total area of the roof. At this point, you will need a roof plan. Break the space into several simple shapes, calculate the area of each of them, and then sum the resulting values \u200b\u200bto determine the total roof area.

Before you start building a mansard roof, pay attention to a number of important little things, which include features of thermal insulation of the structure, the procedure for placing window openings etc.

Deserves special attention permissible angle of inclination of the roof slope.If the slope exceeds the permissible value, the area of the attic space will decrease significantly. This moment is individual and is selected taking into account the attic area and other important parameters.

Select the appropriate type of rafter system. Rafters, as noted, contribute to an even distribution of the load on the walls. Additionally, thanks to the truss system, it is provided reliable protection home from different kind adverse weather conditions.

The simplest version of the attic roof is a triangular shape. The most difficult thing is to make a mansard roof with a break. In the absence of appropriate skills, it is strongly not recommended to take on the independent arrangement of complex roofs.

Step-by-step instructions for building a mansard roof

There are no super complicated steps in the construction of a mansard roof. You just need to carefully read the instructions and follow all the recommendations step by step.

First step. Calculate the strength of the building. The attic increases the load on the walls and foundation of the house. It is better if qualified specialists are engaged in the calculation. If you do not plan to carry out work to strengthen the house, you can skip this step.

Second step. Calculate the attic and prepare a project for the future attic and roof. It is also recommended to involve specialists in this work. If you wish, you can try to create a project yourself or use some turnkey solution from available sources.

Third step. Do this as carefully as possible, try not to damage other structural elements of the house.

Fourth step. Make a truss frame. This is the most time-consuming stage of the instructions in question. It is better if at least 3 people are involved in arranging the frame at the same time.

Fifth step. Place and fix the Mauerlat. For Assembly given element use wooden blocks size 10x10 cm.

Sixth step. Install the frame for the roof space. The frame elements will simultaneously act as supports for the rafters. Fasten first vertical racks along the edges of the building. Racks must be attached to long beams. Self-tapping screws and ordinary metal corners will help you with this.

Seventh step. Attach a jumper to the posts.

Eighth step. Make sure that the elements mentioned above are installed correctly. Any cord will help you with this - simply pull it between the formed arches. If the cord is strictly horizontal position you did everything right. If the cord deviates from the horizontal, trim the mismatched arches or even replace them with new elements.

Ninth step. Fix the arches together. This will help you nail plates or stamping corners.

Fasten the first rafters where roof slope will have the maximum slope. To obtain the required slope, simply cut the bars to the required length.

The first step is preparing the rafters. Cut the bars in advance to the desired length and required angle. In the lower part rafter legs select the grooves for connecting to the Mauerlat. Grooves can be made with a chisel.

Second step. Fasten each bar to its designated place.

Third step. Proceed to the installation of the upper rafters. At this stage, be especially careful. Observe the desired slope angle and overall alignment of the structure.

Fourth step. The crate can be made from plywood sheets or ordinary wooden planks. The type of lathing must correspond to the selected roofing material. As a rule, continuous flooring is made. This is the most versatile and most reliable option.

Laying of protective materials and completion of work

Mansard roofing requires the organization of high-quality protection from various adverse factors.

The first step is laying the vapor barrier material. The vapor barrier must be fixed with inside rafter system. The material is attached to the bars with the help of special building brackets.

The second step is laying the insulation. Traditionally used for insulation mineral wool. If you wish, you can opt for a more modern and expensive material. Insulation plates should fit snugly together and also fit snugly against the rafters.

The third step is the device of the crate. On the laid insulation you need to fill the crate. Use ordinary wooden blocks. Fasten the elements of the crate in increments of about half a meter. Thanks to this system, the insulation will remain in place.

The fourth step is laying the moisture-proof material. Fix the waterproofing with outside rafter system. Most often used as a moisture barrier polyethylene film. Waterproofing will protect the elements of the roof from atmospheric moisture.

The fifth step is laying the finish coat. Roofing material choose at your discretion. The best option in terms of cost and quality characteristics is a metal tile. From budget materials we can recommend slate or its more modern counterpart ondulin.

After you fix the selected roofing material, the construction of the mansard roof can be considered complete. Thus, there is nothing complicated in arranging the considered system with your own hands. Understand the instructions, and you will successfully cope with all the tasks without outside help.

Video - Do-it-yourself mansard roof step by step

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