Planting cherries in spring in Belarus. Planting cherries in the fall - we act correctly! Seedling selection rules

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All next year I come to help harvest.

On the site, the former owner planted an apple tree, cherry and birch nearby. When the birch grew, the cherry dried up, and the apple tree deviated from it and is now growing to the side!

​When planting plantings around the house, the requirements of individual fruit plants. On the south sunny side first of all, the most heat-loving crops are planted, for example, a pear - in the central regions, a peach - in southern regions. This must be taken into account when placing varieties. Varieties that are more demanding on heat, such as the Pepin saffron apple tree, must be placed in places that are more protected, warm. On the north side in the absence of protection, less demanding crops and varieties of fruit and berry plants are planted, such as the Kitaika apple tree and mountain ash.

At least 5 meters. They are not antagonists.​ this is unlikely

And I read that apple trees are not very good next to cherries. In the spring, I'm thinking of transplanting cherries. . Maybe we should not? They just took root and began to grow ...

The dacha is 20 years old, already 4 trees had to be uprooted. Summer is crazy

It’s possible, they are all bee-pollinated and no one grows these trees from the stone.

What to plant in the shade under the trees

Even during the flowering period, you can try to spray the sweet cherry with a honey solution in the morning (1 tablespoon per liter of water). This will attract bees and improve pollination. If frosts are expected during the flowering period, try to spray the crown with a solution of an ovary formation stimulator or at least plain water the day before - this will increase the stability of the flowers.

When planting cherries, the right choice of location is very important. The slopes of the southern directions and other bright places on the site, protected from the northern winds, are preferred. Swampy places, lowlands with stagnant cold air are not suitable for planting sweet cherries.

​HAPPY!!!​

supersadovnik.ru

You can plant cherries next to cherries. Will there be over-pollination?

Keymaster of Destiny

When we bought a dacha in the front garden, a wild apple tree and lilac grew, the apple tree blooms every year just luxuriously, and the lilac not only blooms but grows poorly, but the lilac bush next to the mountain ash grows and blooms well

kga47

Vigorous apple trees, pears, cherries and apricots must be planted at a distance of 5-6 meters from each other and from buildings, and for plums, cherries, peaches and dwarf apple trees and pears, 3-4 meters will be enough.

Roman Nenashev

What is the best distance between fruit trees?

Anatoly Yakovlev

But what grows out of the bones, I can’t say

sergey kudryashov

In their youth, at their first summer cottage (6 acres), they managed to plant at least 36 trees, now they specially strained their memory and calculated (it turned out 6 by 6) - to be honest, I still don’t observe oppression - all the trees are on an average rootstock, tall up to 4 meters. The garden is mixed - cherries, apple trees, plums, quince, cherries (they are higher), two nuts, but they are outside the site, several hazelnut bushes, gooseberries, pears. All trees grow normally - I don’t observe any signs of disease (maybe just because I use various drugs for prevention). There are almost always a lot of apples, cherries are also pleasing. Here are cherries - yes, they do not bear fruit very well. The rest seem to be ok. About cherries - trees also grow at my house - and just one cherry (yellow) grows between apple trees - it bears fruit perfectly (although birds eat it faster than us).

Mityai Bukhankin

heat, the cherry is gone. One. 3 left. And 3 undersized apple trees. Deadline

Maria Mozgoedovna-Siranush

can

Kuzma Solomonov

)) I read the answers. Complete darkness. Cherries are pollinated by cherries. But no cherry. And pretty good. The yield is high. Cherries and cherries from the pits sprout. Of the ten cherries, only one went into the wild. I have one chimera tree. I spliced ​​cherries and cherries. It turned out two - tiered plant. The cherry has overtaken the cherry in growth. Although the cherry is older. The life expectancy of this chimera will be from 50-100 years. Winter hardiness will increase. What worms? I do not have them. Moscow.​

Alexey Kurilov

Cherries need to be fed. Young trees - 2 times per season (in May and June), adults older than three years - 3-4 times. Cherries are fed with slurry (1:6) with the addition of a tablespoon complex fertilizer to a bucket of water. At the last top dressing, after harvesting, you should not use nitrogen fertilizers. Ash is well suited for top dressing. In the spring you need to add urea.

Maxim Slapoguzov

Cherries are planted in landing pit at least 70 x 70 x 60 cm in size. Trees are planted at a distance of 3-5 m. Otherwise, the spreading crown will over time obscure other plants.

Is it possible to plant apple trees and other trees next to cherries? Or is it better alone? By the way, HALO is observed in Moscow, alas, the pictures are not

Lydia

There is no significant difference. Plant at your discretion, the main thing is that at a distance of no closer than 2m
Is it possible to put a skinhead in hell with Caucasians?
It is advisable to plant berry bushes between fruit trees and along the edges garden paths, retreating from the paths and the bush from the bush by 1–1.25 meters.
Here the size of the trees reach their maximum dimensions and give abundant harvests. As you move to the central and northeastern regions, the distance between the trees should decrease by 1.5–2 times. The dense arrangement allows fruity and...
You can. They are pollinated, but you don’t plan to breed new cherry-cherry hybrids and don’t sow seeds, do you? . And pollination is not reflected in the quality of the fruits.
You can plant as you like and anywhere, the question is is it right? I also have a cherry not far from the apple tree, the cherry itself has grown until it interferes. But still, it’s right to plant stone fruits (apricot, cherry, plum, etc.) not interspersed with pome fruits (apple, pear, quince), I don’t remember the reason, but there is something quite significant there.

Alex

Fruiting up to 15 years.

The Scarlet Flower

It may be, but the quality of the fruit, from this, does not deteriorate, and cherries are not propagated by seeds.

Olga

No, they are different

Tatiana B

In addition, due to rapid growth young trees need annual pruning. Remove all branches directed inside the crown, as well as shoots on the trunk and from the roots. Cuts must be very neat, they must be made with a well-honed tool. After pruning, be sure to treat the cut points with garden pitch. Inaccurate pruning can cause gum disease.​

Alexander

For a planting pit, you need to mix the topsoil with three buckets of rotted manure or compost and liter jar wood ash (you can also use mineral fertilizers). If the soil is clayey, add a bucket of river sand, if it is light sandy, pour two buckets of clay into the bottom of the pit, and then a fertile mixture. It does not hurt to add 2-3 buckets of limestone rubble to the pit. This will reduce the acidity of the soil and provide air access to the roots.​

Maikl Kljinber

Evgeny Kondr

it seems to me possible. Spring will be awesome. I generally keep quiet about the smell.

MILGA MILGA

When laying a garden on a building-free estate area, fruit trees can be placed in straight rows according to a certain system. A row from a row should be separated (in most areas) at a distance of 6–8 meters, and in a row trees (apple, pear, apricot and cherry) - 6–8 meters from each other. In the rows between vigorous apple and pear trees, in order to make the most of the estate area, low-growing trees are usually planted: dwarf apple and pear trees, plums, cherries and peaches, as well as berry bushes Aisles are also used for vegetable crops.

can you plant cherries next to cherries? won't they overspray?

Always looking forward to spring

gardener. rf

splinter -

Possible.
Why not? You just need to consider: when planting a small one, that it will be big. Accordingly, the distance between the trees must be chosen correctly.
Cherry. 6 years old

Polina Shubina

And what about the fact that they are pollinated? Are you going to sow seeds for seedlings?

Rocambole

Pollination is the key to a good harvest.

Ludmila Klochkova

Gum disease is predominantly a disease woody plants, characterized by the release of a viscous, sticky liquid on trunks, branches, fruits, and sometimes leaves of trees; the same as gommosis.​

sergey kudryashov

Having filled the hole by 2/3, a seedling is installed in it, carefully pouring it to the roots fertile soil and compacting it. The support to which it is tied must be located with south side- this will allow the tree to avoid sunburn. After planting, the cherries are watered, and the soil is sprinkled with peat, compost or mowed grass.

At what distance can you plant a plum cherry apple tree. Do these trees grow nearby?

Alexey Kazarin

2. If you plant a cherry next to an apricot, then the apricot will not bear fruit.

Tatiana Vedenina

The lilac grows very fast. . You will have to constantly cut. And then your apples will fall into the lilac thick, and climbing there is not very pleasant.

​Types of trees and shrubs in the garden can be placed not mixed, but each culture separately. With this (clean, not mixed) placement, the following distances are set: for apple and pear trees in the southern regions - 8x6 meters (8 meters between rows and 6 meters in a row), in the central regions - 6x5–6 meters, in the northeastern regions ( in the Urals, in Siberia) - 6x4 meters; for cherries and plums in the southern regions - 6x3–4 meters, in the central and northeastern regions - 4x3 meters. In the northeastern regions, cherries are planted at a distance of 3x2 meters. Cherries and apricots are planted at the same distance as an apple tree, and a peach, like a cherry.

Mom always taught me that cherries and apple trees love each other, we always plant in the neighborhood.

And I’m just interested in the possibility of pollination as such, because without pollination, fruits are not formed at all. good pollinator it's important.​

Prisoner of conscience

Apple and cherry are not very good neighbors

Which trees can be planted with each other (for example, apple and cherry), and which are not?

Anna Kalyuzhnaya

You can, they grow on me! Also hazel ...​

Thank you, I understand!

You can. They bloom in different dates, and cherries for cherries are a weak pollinator, and cherries are vice versa. But the taste of fruits from pollination does not change.

When the tree begins to bear fruit, at a height of 3-3.5 m, cut off the leader by side branch. Pruning the leader to a side branch is the removal of a vertically growing shoot at the branching point with a branch growing more gently (angle more than 45 degrees).

It must be remembered that cherries are self-sterile. For normal pollination, it is necessary to plant cherry trees of different varieties nearby. The second option is to try to graft several different cuttings on winter-hardy variety. Among the best pollinators, varieties stand out

An apple tree can be planted next to a cherry and an apricot, but the apricot is away from the cherry.

Mock orange, lilac, roses, viburnum, barberry, horse chestnut, fir oppress apple and pear trees. good neighbors raspberries, cherries, cherries, apple trees, plums will become apple trees. Cherry likes to grow next to cherries, cherries, grapes, apple trees. Plum does not like the neighborhood of pears, prefers black currants. Raspberries do not tolerate red currants, cherries - black currants. A pear will grow well next to a pear, apple, mountain ash.

When placing a garden around the house, it is necessary to take into account the decorative value of fruit trees. In front gardens, for example, along with ornamental shrubs, you can successfully plant apple trees, pears, cherries and plums. Green spaces are also of great fire-fighting importance.​

Olga

Placement of fruit trees and berries

Svetlana Klochkova

Cherries are not pollinated by cherries.

Is it possible to plant a lilac next to an apple tree?

Olesya

More in the magazine household farm"(a wonderful magazine) there was an article with the title - "Cherry among cherries, the harvest is higher." Plant.​

Personal Account Deleted

You can plant it and grow normally, only cherries stretch out from lack of light. It is better to plant separately, they will be lower and it will be easier to cut them off.

Pauline

Plant everything you have. But keep your distance. If the trees on

white chinchilla

You just don’t need all the worms from the cherry to move to the cherry, and so the cherry I have is clean, the worms don’t touch it.

Vita Milkin

What is duke and how to grow it

I bought an apricot, an apple tree, a sweet cherry and a cherry, what next to what to plant?

Vasily Antonyuk

Revna, Bryansk Pink, Iput, Raditsa, Tyutchevka.
There must be another cherry tree within a radius of 8 meters from your cherry tree, otherwise there will be few ovaries. We also planted one tree at first, and then we had to plant a couple, since the neighbors did not have a single cherry around. This is in addition to the rest of the answers.​
There is a difference. Plant stone fruits nearby, only 2 meters is clearly close. In stone fruits, mutual pollination occurs, apricots, peaches, cherries, cherries are recommended to be planted nearby, BUT not in place of the same old tree, everything useful has already been exhausted. And the apple tree, pear also love the neighborhood.

Mustafa

Konstantin

The garden can be placed around the house and outbuildings or separately on the part of the estate free from buildings. In addition, gardens can be placed on separate sections reserved specifically for this purpose.​

All fruit trees and shrubs can be planted nearby, with the exception of mountain ash, which attracts pests. She is planted somewhere on the outskirts. Plums and cherries are usually planted along the perimeter of the site, at a distance of at least 2 m from the borders, so as not to obscure the neighbors. Between these trees (namely, it is better to form them with trees, that is, with one trunk, and not with bushes), a distance of 2.5 -3 meters is desirable. Apple trees are planted according to the scheme: in a row - 5 m from each other, between rows - 6 m. From the boundaries of the site - 3 m. If you want to have an intensive apple orchard, then you can reduce the distance in a row between apple trees to 2.5 - 3 m. Then, with the age of the trees, you need to be prepared for their systematic pruning both in height (no more than 2.5-3 m) and in width. Practically apple trees will grow in a row with a wall. The yield of such an intensive garden increases several times.​

I mean, won't the berry taste different?

Sweet cherries are popular with gardeners due to the fruits that have a bright and rich taste. Therefore, a tree is desirable on any garden plot. This article will cover the steps involved in selecting, planting, caring for, and cultivars.

How to choose a seedling for planting?

To grow juicy, sweet cherries and get a good harvest, you need to choose the right seedlings. The choice depends on the climate in the area where the plant will be planted.

1. More often nurseries grow cherries landing for industrial purposes. This option is not suitable for normal personal plot, because of the high stem.
2. In central Russia it is recommended to buy seedlings with a stem up to twenty centimeters and it is better to choose sweet cherries frost-resistant varieties. The southern ones grow up to two meters per season, so they are rarely planted in the middle lane. They do not have time to mature and prepare for the winter period.
3. Better to buy seedlings in autumn or spring and carefully inspect the root system. Roots should be light cream in color, healthy and vigorous.

Where is it better to plant cherries on the site?

- a light-loving culture, and this is taken into account when choosing a place where it is planned to plant a tree.

The best option for planting in the garden will be the southern or southwestern slope.

Can be planted near buildings on the south side, to protect from the north wind. It doesn't matter if it's northern or southern. Do not choose places where groundwater is close.

Sweet cherry loves sandy and loamy soils, rather loose and moisture permeable. Not suitable sandy, peaty and clay.

Neighbors for cherries

Sweet cherries have a powerful superficial root system, which causes inconvenience to neighboring plants.

Therefore, you should not plant next to:

• 
  . It is a pome crop that displaces stone fruit plants. The distance to the apple tree is more than ten meters.
• pear. It competes with sweet cherries for nutrients, which will lead to low yields of both crops.
• . Plants have the same diseases and are more likely to infect each other. You have to constantly treat them. Distance, at least fifteen meters apart.
• Better not to plant, and rosehip.
• and. These are stone fruits, but due to different care requirements, they should not be planted close to cherries. Peach does not feel well even at a distance of about 7 m from her.
• Nightshade crops: , tobacco. Carriers of various diseases.
• Trees with a strong root system: , oak, birch, pine, poplar and spruce.

Can be planted next to:

• .This neighborhood gives an additional advantage to both plants in terms of cross-pollination. The only condition is that their crowns should not intersect. Minimum distance six meters, and large varieties up to ten meters.
• Plum- a good neighbor for cherries. You can plant quite close to each other, but given the size of the crown. The approximate distance is about five meters. It also depends on the large size of the variety.
• will be a great option for landing near the trunk circle.
• Barberry at a sufficient distance will become a worthy neighbor.

How to grow more crops?

Any gardener and summer resident is pleased to receive big harvest with large fruits. Unfortunately, it is not always possible to get the desired result.

Often plants lack nutrition and useful minerals

It has the following properties:

• Allows increase yield by 50% in just a few weeks of use.
• You can get good harvest even on low-fertility soils and in adverse climatic conditions
• Absolutely safe

When is the best time to plant cherries?

The season for planting cherries is great importance. Cherries are planted in spring or autumn. In the summer it is better not to plant.

About each option separately:

How to plant cherries?

Seedling preparation

Seedlings, with an open and closed root system, are purchased in specialized stores or nurseries. Before buying, you need to ask the seller for a passport for a seedling, and if there is one, study it in detail, and if not, then look for another place to buy.

1. The maximum age of the seedling should not exceed 3 years.
2. With a uniform color of the bark, without damage and have kidneys, otherwise the likelihood of taking root in a new place will be extremely small.
3. In the root system, there should be at least 3 roots, 20 cm each.
4. Check the roots and if they are on the cut Brown means the roots are frozen.

Knowledgeable craftsmen buy cherry trees in the fall, dig in and plant them in the spring. For instillation, make a small hole about half a meter deep with a slope of one wall of 45 degrees. A seedling is laid on it, covered with earth and insulated with leaves or dry grass.

When planting on a seedling, all the leaves are cut off, then he will use the main forces to develop his roots. For cross-pollination, it is better to plant two or three sweet cherry trees.

Soil Requirements

Sweet cherry is a rather demanding tree, especially in terms of soil fertility. Therefore, before planting, the quality of the land is improved. The place where the cherry will grow is dug up and organic and mineral fertilizers are added.

Description of what and how much fertilizer to apply:

• about 15 kg per m 2 is applied manure, humus or;
• mineral -, 25 grams per m 2 and phosphorus 20 grams per m 2;
• lime is added depending on the composition of the soil and its acidity: half a kilogram per m 2 is added to loamy soil, and up to a kilogram to heavy soil, with high acidity;
• for black soil, all parameters are half as much, except for phosphorus, it is increased by 5 grams;
• before planting cherries, the soil is left fallow for a year and nothing is planted there, only weeds are removed during the growing season.

Pit preparation:

Landing in open ground

Landing technology:

1. Before planting, a mound is made in the pit, and a cherry seedling is placed on it.
2. The roots are carefully spread over the mound and sprinkled with earth, constantly shaking to fill the resulting voids.
3. Pour ten liters of water and fill the hole with soil to the brim.
4. The earth is compacted around the tree and a furrow is made into which water is poured.
5. The tree is strengthened with additional support and the trunk circle is mulched.

Planting depth:

• When planting a tree in a hole, after watering, the root collar should remain at ground level.
• Deep landing will lead to poor development root system.
• With a shallow landing, the roots will freeze in winter and dry in summer, and there is also a high probability that they will be damaged by cultivating the ground.

Stories from our readers!
"I am a gardener with years of experience, and this fertilizer began to be used only last year. I tested it on the most capricious vegetable in my garden - on tomatoes. The bushes grew and bloomed together, the harvest was more than usual. And they didn’t suffer from late blight, this is the main thing.

Fertilizer really gives more intensive growth garden plants, and they bear fruit much better. Now you can’t grow a normal crop without fertilizer, and this top dressing increases the number of vegetables, so I am very pleased with the result."

Care after landing

The yield largely depends on proper care for the cherry Just planting is not enough, you need to grow a healthy and beautiful tree. Care must be competent and systematic.

Tips on how to properly feed cherries:

To attract bees, honey herbs are planted nearby. It is possible, during flowering, to spray the tree with a solution of water and honey: 1 tablespoon of honey per liter of water.

Aftercare

Trimming and shaping

After planting, the first pruning is carried out. All branches are removed, leaving two or three main ones. Then the tree will give more strength to the growth of the roots, and not the upper part of the plant.

The following year, cut the shoots of new branches by about half. This will stimulate the plant to additionally grow branches that will give the main crop. The lower branches are not pruned. Their pruning is carried out at a five-year-old tree, as they strengthen the trunk.

Usually the cherry crown is formed as a rarefied-tiered:

• Three branches are left at the first level, a couple of branches can be adjacent, the third is made twenty centimeters higher than the rest.
• At the second level, two skeletal branches are left.
• Between the first and second tiers, the distance is about seventy centimeters.
• And at the top level there is one branch.

When pruning cherries, it is important to consider the angle between the branches and the trunk. Shoots at an angle of 45 0 must be cut. Otherwise, they will break under the weight of the fruit, forming wounds that heal for a long time.

Preparing for winter

The plant needs to be given attention and care constantly. This also applies to the autumn months in preparation for winter.

Sweet cherry reacts sharply to frost, especially young seedlings.

Mature plants tolerate winter more easily. Therefore, young animals are sheltered for the winter from frost, protecting them from the pressure of the snow cover, which can break them.

To prepare cherries for winter, you must:

• At the trunk close the soil a large layer of mulch: peat, sawdust or coniferous litter. The width of the cover is equal to the crown of the tree.
• Protection from birds and rodents at the seedling, pegs equal to the plant in height are hammered. The tops of the pegs are tied together to form a column shape.
• Around the established stakes covering material is attached, as a result, a semblance of a cylinder will be obtained. The tree is covered completely from the base to the top, then it will be protected from unwanted guests.
• As the first snow falls a snowdrift is made at the base, it will be additional insulation.
• Every spring and autumn whitewash the lower part of the trunk and protect against insects.

It is important that after packing the plant, there must be enough air inside. Therefore, you need to carefully tighten upper part material to prevent leaves from wrangling and the appearance of fungal diseases.

Transplanting an adult tree

Sweet cherry is a rather unpretentious plant for transplantation and anyone can do it. The main thing is to follow simple rules.

There are two options for transplanting an adult tree:

• with an open root system;
• the roots are in the ground.

In the first case, the transplant is carried out according to the rules described earlier. In the second, the cherries are carefully dug up with a clod of soil.

The depth of digging is determined by the age of the plant:

• Five-year a tree is dug from one meter deep, perhaps more.
• More adults or when the exact age is unknown, they dig about 80 centimeters. Here the root system is already powerful and therefore this depth is sufficient.

The advantage of transplanting cherries with soil is that the roots remain in their usual conditions, and they are held together by a clod of earth.

How to plant cherries from the stone?

It seems that growing a cherry from a stone is not difficult, and this is quite logical. But in fact, not everything is as simple as it seems at first glance. Planting a seed and growing a shoot is only the initial stage, then a branch of a varietal tree is grafted onto it. Otherwise, a tree will grow with small and sour fruits.

The process of growing cherries from the stone at home:

How to graft a cherry?

As a rule, cherries are grafted onto cherries. To do this, choose a hardy variety for climatic conditions in which the plant will grow.

Other vaccination options:

1. Cherry. A common method, since a high survival rate is obtained and these are closely related plants.
2. cherry plum will become a good stock, as the shoots are much more powerful than the branches of the sweet cherry, which means it will withstand a large harvest. Survival is high in this case too.
3. Having experience in vaccination, plums are used. They grow together with difficulty, but if they succeed in grafting, then the result will greatly please any gardener.

It is better to graft sweet cherries during active sap flow in the spring. But it is possible throughout the summer and early autumn. The main thing is that the vaccine takes root before frost.

Cherries are grafted in several ways. An effective method of copulation is grafting with cuttings.

Step-by-step instruction for cherry grafting:

Cherry varieties for planting

1. Columnar. Differs from the usual crown shape and high yield. It is a trunk with leaves, up to 4 m high. For different regions and climatic varieties of columnar cherries have been bred.
2. Large-fruited. The mass of berries on average reaches twelve grams, a maximum of eighteen, dark red. Yields up to 55 kilograms of fruit per season. Grows up to five meters in height. Fairly cold hardy.
3. Fatezh. It grows up to three meters in height, but gives a large harvest of delicious fruits. The first fruits appear in the fifth year, a ten-year-old tree can produce up to forty kilograms of light pink berries per season. The shape of the crown is drooping, which makes it possible to use it as ornamental plant. More often planted in Moscow and the Moscow region.
4. Ipath. It grows up to five meters in height, has a magnificent pyramidal crown shape. Fruiting begins in the fifth year, and the maximum yield is about 50 kilograms per season. The berry is almost black. More suitable for the central zone of Russia.
5. Valery Chkalov. Reaches a height of five meters with a spreading crown. Dark red berries, weighing about eight grams. The yield reaches 60 kilograms per tree. It has high frost resistance.
6. Bryansk pink. Height up to three and a half meters with a rounded crown. The berries are pink-yellow in color, weighing about four grams. Productivity is from twenty to thirty kilograms per season. Possesses average frost resistance.

Not so long ago, dwarf and semi-dwarf cherry rootstocks appeared. They are densely planted, give a high and early harvest.

Questions for gardeners

An important point in planting any tree is the choice of location. For cherries, it is better to choose a sunny area where there is no strong wind. It would be optimal to plant it on the south side of the building or on a gentle southern slope. It is not worth planting a tree on a lowland, in beams. If there is no other option, artificial hills can be created in lowland areas where warm air will circulate.

Buy seedlings themselves in specialized markets, or contact special gardens.

When is it better to plant cherries, and, accordingly, plan to purchase seedlings? Right choice landing time guarantees healthy tree and rich harvests. Early spring is ideal, when the soil has not yet evaporated moisture. upper layers. Those who prefer autumn planting should know that young, not hardened pagons are likely to freeze.

Given that the sweet cherry belongs to the genus of cross-pollinated, it is necessary to plant two trees at once. In order for the tree to give generous harvests, you can plant cherries as a neighbor. Keep your distance - the distance between them should be at least three meters.

Soil preparation for planting

Before engaging directly in landing in open ground, it is important to find out what type of soil is in your area. Preparation of a future landing site begins in the fall. The soil is pre-fertilized with lime (for acidic soils), rotted manure is introduced. The latter can be scattered in advance, before digging the soil.

If there is a possibility of a dry summer, rotten leaves can be added to the prepared hole - this is an excellent drainage that can retain moisture. For fruit trees, nitrogenous fertilizers should not be used. This can leave burns on the root system and affect overall growth. It is better to sprinkle the seedling with peat mixtures or humus, you can also use old foliage.

If the soil is clay, the procedure for preparing it will be slightly different. In this case, a couple of buckets of sand must be poured into the bottom of the pit. For sandy soil, everything is done the other way around - 2 buckets of clay are poured under the roots. The soil mixture is poured with the top ball. It is sold in stores and has PH level marks.

To prevent the young seedling from being damaged by the wind, use a column for support. Hammer it in the center of the recess, attaching it to the tree.

The seedling will rather take root and strengthen properly if you carefully spread the roots around the perimeter of the recess when you plant the cherry. They should lie at a depth of 30-80 meters from the surface, no more. Leave the root neck on the surface, do not drop it or bury it. If you pre-plant plantation plowing, landing will be much more convenient.

If the cherry seedlings are not quite fresh, first dip them in water for at least six hours. This procedure will allow them to gain the right amount moisture and strength for rooting after planting.

In questions about proper fit distance remains an important factor. Given the growth rate of the fruit tree and the branching of the crown, leave at least 4 meters between them.

When to transplant cherries?

How to transplant sweet cherries if they are two, three years old or older? In fact, the tree is so unpretentious that any summer resident can do it. The main rule is to carry out everything according to technology.

There are two types of adult cherry transplant:

• when the root system is open;
• roots are hidden in the ground.

In the latter case, the sweet cherry is planted with a clod of soil. The depth of digging depends on age:

• For 5-6 year old trees - 0.5 meters, since the root will be about 1-2 meters deep.
• If the tree is older or you don't know its exact age, a depth of 0.8 meters will be sufficient.

Digging with a lump is better - the rhizome of the sweet cherry remains in its usual environment, the roots themselves are not disturbed, they are firmly connected to each other by a piece of soil.

If the trunk is damaged, it is better to refuse to transplant adult sweet cherries.

When to prune cherries and how to care for them?

How to plant cherries figured out. Now let's decide on the time and features of trimming. The first pruning is needed immediately after planting. Only a couple of large branches should be left, the rest should be removed. So the seedling will not spend energy on the development of the upper part, giving the main forces to the development of the rhizome.

The following year, thinning of young shoots is carried out - the growth of new branches is cut in half. This allows the tree to quickly grow additional branches. They will give the main crop. Branches located below the main ones should be cut off no earlier than after 2-3 years - they strengthen the cherry trunk well. Their pruning is carried out in the fifth year of the tree's life.

Caring for such a fruit tree as a sweet cherry is not a troublesome procedure. The tree is not too demanding, not picky, and can grow on poor soils. Regular top dressing with mineral fertilizers, timely watering, proper pruning to form a crown are the main points in care.

To feed a well-rooted tree, a bucket of humus in the fall and nitrogen fertilizers in the spring are enough. Before fertilizing, loosen the near-stem circle, pour plenty of water (preferably not cold). For the whole season there should be at least three waterings.

It is important to remove the weeds around the sweet cherry in time - she is not one of those who will put up with their neighborhood. It's also redundant favorable environment for breeding pests. Additionally, as a preventive measure in early spring whiten the bottom of the trunk with lime. To eliminate caterpillars, the crown is treated twice with special means. This is the period before flowering and at the time of the first ovary.

In order for the fruit tree to actively develop and bear fruit well, they choose for it sunny place, which is not blown by cold northern winds. A good option would be to plant a seedling on the southwest or south side of any building. Cherry loves fertile light loams, sandy loamy soils, and feels absolutely uncomfortable on poor sandstones, heavy peat and clay soils.

You need to plant only zoned seedlings, which are sold in specialized nurseries. In addition, there they will definitely tell you how to grow cherries without extra hassle. To improve pollination, experts advise planting two or three trees on the site, but if there is not enough space, growing cherries from your neighbors will save the day.

The main varieties loved by all:

• very early - Ruby early", juicy " early ripening»;
• early - unsurpassed " Valery Chkalov", tender " Homestead" and " Jaboule»;
• medium - " pink pearl », « Adeline"and dark red" Veda»;
• late - " Leningrad black", sweet " Drogana yellow" and " Bryansk pink».

Practice in the middle lane spring planting cherries, as it is a heat-loving breed that can freeze out in the first winter.

We plant correctly

It is possible to lay a cherry orchard in spring from April to the second decade of May, provided that the seedlings will be with unblown leaves. September and October are the most favorable for planting in autumn, because young tree will have time to take root before the onset of frost (applicable only to the southern regions).

We plant a tree:

1. Landing pits need to be prepared in advance. If you plant in the spring - cook in the fall, and for planting in the fall - around August. It is best to make the pits rounded, so the roots will develop well, evenly filling the space. The optimal diameter of the hole is about a meter, the depth is about 80 cm. We pour two buckets of good earth and 12 kg of manure, which must be rotted, into the hole. We mix everything thoroughly and leave it so that the earth settles and settles;
2. At the time of planting, we dig a hole, leaving a small mound in the middle. We drive in a strong stake 5 cm from the center, which will protect the trunk of a fragile tree for the first time from strong winds and sunburn;
3. We study the root system for damaged roots and cut them to healthy tissue. In addition, do not forget to put the seedling in water the day before planting so that it is well saturated with moisture;
4. We put a young tree on a mound and carefully place the roots, while monitoring the position of the root collar, which cannot be deepened;
5. We tie the seedling to the stake and fill the pit with earth, ramming it with our feet perpendicular to the trunk (heel to the edge of the pit);
6. We create a hole around the trunk and pour 3 buckets of water.

Planted young cherry trees are subsequently watered at least 4 times.

Making a crop

Young trees grow very intensively, so the first 6 years before the leaves open, they make a formative pruning. The tree must be kept within certain limits so that it is convenient to harvest.

The most common crown types are:

• sparsely tiered. In total, three tiers are laid, leaving 4 skeletal branches in the lower one (3 can also be), on average after 50 cm - 3 branches, and in the upper one, at the same distance - 2 more branches.
• flattened. The principle of pruning is based on the compilation of three tiers: in each of them, two branches are placed perpendicular to each other. After laying the last tier over a weak side branch, the main conductor is cut off. Subsequently, the branches in tiers are cut off, adhering to the sparse-tiered principle;
• cupped. Such a crown consists of mainly four or five strong branches, which form a kind of bowl. Due to good illumination, fruit twigs will live for more than a dozen years.

Upon completion of shaping for ten years, pruning is done moderately, removing all broken, unnecessary and growing shoots towards the conductor. So imperceptibly, the time of the first rejuvenating pruning approaches: you need to shorten all two- and three-year-old branches. Three years later, they make another one, cutting out branches with five- and six-year-old wood. The tree between "rejuvenation" continues to thin out annually.

Watering and fertilizing

In the year of planting, it is very important to destroy the weeds in the near-stem circle of the sweet cherry and continue to carefully monitor this thereafter. The ground around the tree can be mulched to retain moisture as much as possible.

Experts recommend that the first watering be carried out only after flowering, the next - in mid-June and then in July. Do not water during flowering the tree may respond by completely dropping the ovary. Moisture-charging irrigation is carried out in October - up to 100 liters under mature tree. For good harvests the tree will need a lot of nutrients, which means that you can’t do without top dressing.

Once every three years, 8 kg of organic matter per square meter is dug up with soil according to the projection of the crown. Nitrogen fertilizers are applied in early spring and in July for loosening in liquid or dry form. Phosphorus and potash fertilizers the tree will be fed in September so that it has time to prepare for winter cold. In addition, the cultivation of sweet cherries requires whitewashing of the trunk and skeletal branches in autumn and spring to prevent sunburn and freezers.

Pests and diseases on our way

We have already figured out how to care for cherries, but how to protect them from feathered raiders is a real problem. Experienced gardeners take various measures - they hang shiny CDs, rustling packages, foil, hang rattles, install stuffed animals. But quick-witted sparrows quickly get used to it and again, without fear, they begin to treat themselves to juicy berries. Only shelter nets, which are easy and convenient, can really help here.

Among the most common pests are aphids and gypsy moths. The first feeds on the juice of the shoots, the second eats the leaves. Spraying trees with a solution will help get rid of them. Inta-Vir before or after flowering.

The pachyderm, which lays eggs inside the fruit, can completely destroy the crop. The larvae that emerge eat the berries, which eventually fall off. The situation will be saved by drug treatment Insegar.

The cherry tree is threatened by such diseases as gray rot(moniliosis), perforated spotting (clasterosporiasis), coccomycosis. Treatment and care for cherries in the fall in such cases begin with the removal of damaged berries, leaves and shoots. Processing with Bordeaux liquid several times in summer and autumn helps save the crop.

Picking berries

Cherry varieties ripen from the beginning of June to the twentieth of July. It is customary to distinguish between two types of ripeness: technical, when the fruits tend to acquire their inherent color and taste, and consumer, when they are the most delicious and juicy. The crop is harvested in dry weather within just a couple of days, otherwise the crop can be lost. The berries are removed with the stalk and unripe and diseased specimens are immediately removed. For transportation, the fruits are cut off at the stage of technical ripeness.

Everyone loves cherries, because it contains many valuable elements, including vitamin C, nicotinic acid, carotene. Doctors recommend eating berries for those who have thyroid diseases, as it is also rich in iodine. And how many delicious blanks can be prepared from it - compotes, preserves, jam, juices, you can pickle and use as a side dish for meat dishes. And how tasty frozen berries are in winter: you open a jar, and there ... summer.

Every third summer resident has cherries on his plot. But planting cherries, her closest relative, is much less popular, although many people like her juicy and sweet berries. The reason for this is the established opinion about the exceptional heat-loving culture. Long time it was true: the trees bore fruit generously only in the southern gardens.

Summer residents, whose plots are located in the middle lane, do not dare to grow cherries, considering this occupation unpromising because of the high risk of freezing. But not all varieties of culture are subject to it. Its zoned varieties are successfully cultivated in cold climates. Leningrad region, in the Urals and even in the gardens of Siberia.

Site Requirements

Cherry loves the sun and does not tolerate drafts. It is better to place its seedlings in the most lit area and at the same time not blown by cold winds. The tree will be comfortable at the fence or at the southern walls of buildings. But tall varieties cherries have a spreading crown, so it is important to leave enough space for them to develop free space. A pit for a seedling is dug, stepping back from the building at least 3-4 m.

Trees grow best on small (up to 0.5 m high) hills that can be artificially equipped, and in areas slightly inclined towards the south, southwest or southeast.

Here they do not lack light and heat. Do not plant cherries in the lowlands and in those places where water stagnates for a long time in spring. In such conditions, trees quickly die. The roots of sweet cherries are deep (up to 2 m long), and some of them are located vertically in the soil, so close proximity ground water she can't stand it.

The crop grows well and bears fruit in loose soil. Light and fertile sandy or loamy soils are ideal for it. They should be fairly moist, but not waterlogged. On peat bogs, in heavy clay soil, on quickly drying sand with a meager supply of nutrients, planting cherries will not be successful.

Dates and landing scheme

The timing of the placement of trees on the site depends on the climate of the area. In the southern regions, autumn planting is more often practiced, spending it a few weeks before the soil freezes. In Siberia and the Urals, it is better to postpone the procedure until spring. If the seedling does not have time to take root, very coldy will destroy him.

Sweet cherry belongs to cross-pollinated crops. It will bear fruit abundantly only if there are neighbors. It is recommended to plant 2-3 trees on the site, representing different varieties culture. You can get by with one, but only if you place a couple of cherries next to the sweet cherry with the same flowering time. This guide also applies to partially self-fertile crop varieties.

Between adjacent trees leave 4-5 m of free space. Save space here the best way. When planted closer, the trees will shade each other. It will also be difficult to take care of them. If the sweet cherry is columnar, the distance between plants is reduced to 1 m. When planting such trees in rows, the interval between them should be 2-3 m.

Pit preparation

When planting cherries in the fall, the site is prepared 2-3 weeks before the procedure. The soil is dug deep and enriched with fertilizers:

• compost (10 kg);
• superphosphate (180 g);
• potassium nitrate (100 g).

These dosages are calculated for 1 m² of the surface area. You can add to the soil a special complex preparation intended for cherries and sweet cherries. The soil with an acidic reaction is lime. It is recommended to do this in advance - 7-10 days before making nutrient formulations. Clay or sandy soil for growing cherries has been prepared for several years. The first is dug up, scattering sand over the surface of the site, clay is added to the second. In the next 3-4 years, fertilizers are applied to the soil. You can do this in spring or autumn.

The planting hole is dug 2 weeks before the tree is placed in it. It should be deep (60-80 cm) and wide (1 m). A support is placed in the center. That's right, if it rises above the ground surface by 30-50 cm. Pour into the bottom of the pit fertile land by adding the following components to it:

• rotted compost;
• superphosphate;
• potassium sulfate;
• wood ash.

Thoroughly mixed substrate should form a small hill around the support.

The introduction of nitrogen-containing compounds and lime into the planting pit is fraught with burns for the roots of the seedling, at this stage it is better to do without them.

Lightly tamping the soil mixture, sprinkle it on top with infertile soil. Having well leveled it, pour a couple of buckets of water into the pit, after which they forget about it for 2 weeks. During this time, the soil will settle.

If cherry planting is carried out in the spring, the site and the pit are prepared in the fall. Add manure or compost to the soil. It is recommended to do this from October to November, depending on weather conditions. In the spring, when the snow melts and the soil dries out slightly, mineral fertilizers, including nitrogen fertilizers, can be added to the pits. Seedlings begin to be placed in them in a week.

Seedling selection

Cherry seedlings at the age of 1-2 years take root best of all. In height, the first should reach 70-80 cm, the second - 1 m.

When choosing a seedling, you need to pay attention to the following signs:

• features of the crop variety (winter hardiness, immunity to diseases and pests);
• appearance young tree.

A quality seedling must be grafted. This indicates its belonging to varietal plants. Such a tree begins to bear fruit earlier, and the taste of its berries will be better.

It is worth choosing a seedling that has many branches. give correct form its crown will be easier. The tree must have a well-developed and straight conductor. Young cherries grow quickly. If the conductor is weak, stronger branches will compete with it. The presence of several conductors is highly undesirable: if there are a lot of berries on a tree, it can break between them, and the cherry will die.

Carefully inspect the roots of the seedling. There should be no dry and damaged areas on them. A viable seedling has a developed, strong root system. If it is open, after purchase it is placed in damp cloth, and wrapped with oilcloth (polyethylene) on top. This will protect the roots from drying out. Leaves from the branches of the seedling are immediately removed to prevent dehydration.

Buy a seedling better in autumn. At this time, the range of varieties in nurseries is the widest. For the winter, the tree is dug up, and in the spring (in April) they are planted on permanent place. You can do it right into the dirt. It is not worth delaying planting cherries. It is important to carry it out while the buds on the tree have not yet woken up. That way it will settle down faster. Seedlings growing in containers can be planted in May and even June.

How to plant cherries

Before being placed in the planting pit, the roots of the sweet cherry are carefully examined again. Sick and injured areas are cut out. Too long shoots can be shortened if they do not fit into the prepared pit. Then underground part young cherries are dipped in a bucket of water, where they are kept from 2 to 10 hours, depending on the degree of dryness of its roots. Planting begins when they swell.

The tree is placed in a hole so that its root neck protrudes 5-7 cm from it. Carefully spreading its roots along the mound, they are sprinkled with infertile soil taken from the bottom of the recess. This should be done gradually, from time to time slightly shaking the cherry by the trunk. So near its roots there will be no air-filled cavities.

Having completely filled the hole, pour 1 bucket of water into it. When it is absorbed and the soil settles, the trunk circle is well tamped. A hole is made around the tree with a radius of 30 cm, enclosing it from the outside with a shaft of soil. From the inside, a shallow (5 cm) furrow is made near it and watered well again. As the soil settles in trunk circle she will have to sleep. The final stage is mulching the surface of the hole. Peat or humus is usually used for it.

If the buds on the tree have not yet begun to bloom, after planting, it is pruned. 2-3 skeletal branches are left on the sweet cherry, and the rest are removed to the ring. This should be done flush with the trunk so that no hemp remains. Wounds are covered with garden pitch. By placing sweet cherries on the site, in which sap flow has already begun, pruning of its crown is postponed for the next year.

Feeding and watering

For summer residents who already have fruit trees in the garden, caring for cherries will seem familiar. It includes the usual activities:

• watering;
• soil loosening;
• weeding;
• removal of root shoots;
• top dressing;

If you plant cherries correctly, the need for re-introduction of potassium-phosphorus compounds into the soil will arise only after 3 years. nitrogen fertilizers the tree begins to be fed earlier, when the second year of their life on the site goes. In dry form, they are brought in in the spring, as soon as it gets warmer. At the end of May, feeding is repeated, but already in liquid form. When the tree is 4 years old, the soil under it is enriched with phosphorus, potassium and other trace elements. The compositions containing them are applied in the middle of summer.

Closer to autumn, the trees are watered organic fertilizers- mullein or bird droppings dissolved in water. For the last time in a season, cherries are fed before winter - in September-October. They are guided here by the appearance of the trees: if the leaves turn yellow and begin to fly around, the time has come to add nutritional compounds. Close them into the soil in the process of digging, deepening into the ground by 10 cm.

Carefully monitor the cleanliness of the soil under and between the trees. When loosening, you need to process an 8-10 cm layer of soil. Such care is repeated 3-5 times per season. It is desirable to carry it out the next day after each watering or rain. It is convenient to use a garden hoe or cultivator for loosening.

During the growing season, sweet cherries need at least 3 waterings:

• before flowering;
• in the middle of summer, especially if it is dry;
• in the fall, at the same time as the last feeding.

Before the procedure, it is recommended to loosen the soil under the trees, and after it - to mulch. autumn watering required. It should be plentiful so that the water soaks the soil by 70-80 cm. This will protect the cherry from freezing. Cold-resistant crop varieties do not tolerate drought well. In extreme heat, such a cherry often dries up. Having found such symptoms, you can’t hesitate, otherwise you won’t be able to save the tree. Help him to endure adverse weather regular and abundant watering.

crown formation

Most questions from gardeners are pruning cherries. The guidance of professionals will help to perform it correctly and as painlessly as possible for the tree. Whatever goals - sanitary or formative - pruning pursues, it is better to do it in early spring, while sap flow has not yet begun. In summer and autumn, you can continue what you started, getting rid of shoots thickening the crown and pinching the tops of incorrectly growing branches. Root shoots removed during the entire growing season so that it does not draw strength from the tree.

Annual pruning of cherries allows you to:

• increase its productivity;
• improve the quality of berries;
• prevent the development of diseases;
• increase the lifespan of a tree.

In the gardens of Siberia, sweet cherries are given the shape of a bush. So the tree is easier to withstand harsh winters. The optimal number of trunks is 3-5. The top of an annual seedling is shortened over 5-6 buds. This pruning stimulates the development of the lower side branches. Cherry is prone to tillering by nature. If you do not get rid of the strong shoots that grow above the graft, it will quickly acquire the desired appearance.

form young tree during the first 5-6 years. During this time, you need to lay several tiers (usually 3). In the future, pruning is carried out for sanitary purposes. The height of the tree is maintained within 3-3.5 m, and the length of its skeletal branches is at the level of 4 m. The crushing of berries and the formation of ovaries only on the periphery of the crown indicates the need for rejuvenating pruning. It is carried out at the end of winter-beginning of spring.

Features of autumn care

With the advent of autumn, you need to take preventive measures against diseases and pests. Fallen leaves are raked up and burned. Trees and the soil under them are sprayed with special preparations, their trunks are whitened to the level of the trunk. It is desirable to process the bases of skeletal branches.

When the trees are completely exposed, the last pruning of the season is carried out. To make the cherry easier to endure frost, it is relieved of weak, injured and improperly growing shoots. Annual shoots are cut to ⅓ length. Non-skeletal branches are shortened to 30 cm. At this time, it is better to use a saw instead of a pruner. The sections remaining after it are tightened faster. The process must be completed by the end of September. Late pruning is fraught with long-healing wounds that make it difficult for the tree to winter. Seedlings are subjected to it in the second year of life on the site. It is dangerous to prune younger trees before winter, it is better to postpone the procedure until spring.

The cherry affected by frost dries up in the spring, and its trunk can become covered with cracks through which the infection easily penetrates. To protect the seedlings, they are fenced with a kind of fence of stakes and, carefully pulling the branches together, are placed under the covering material.

With a competent approach to choosing a variety, growing cherries in gardens middle lane, the Urals and Siberia will not be difficult for their owners. If you properly care for him, the tree lives on the site for a century, entering the fruiting period early. A recent seedling will bring the first berries in 5-6 years. It will take another 4-5 years, and the crops will become full. Watering, fertilizing and regular pruning of the tree will allow it not to reduce their volumes until the end of its long life.