Do-it-yourself air heating boilers. Do-it-yourself air heating of a private house. Features, design, installation. Air heating options

Traditionally, water is used as a heat carrier in heating systems. This conventional method of heating has both advantages and disadvantages. When building your own home, the opportunities for experimentation by the owner are almost unlimited.

It makes sense to consider alternative options. The most interesting of them is air heating. country house. We will dwell on it in more detail in this article.

Air is a very efficient coolant, much more convenient than water. The easiest option for such heating is the usual one. small room this device, consisting of a fan and a heating coil, can warm up in just a matter of minutes. Of course, for a private house you will need more serious equipment.

As a heat source, you can use gas or. An electric heater is also suitable, but this option is considered not very profitable, since electricity costs increase significantly.

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An interesting and environmentally friendly heating option is the use of solar panels or. Such systems are placed on the roof. They either directly transfer the thermal energy of the sun to the heat exchanger, or convert it into inexpensive electrical energy. In the latter case, the fan can also be powered from the battery.

The air is heated in the heat exchanger and enters the individual rooms through the air ducts. These are rather bulky structures made of durable metal. The cross section of the air ducts is much larger than the diameter of the water heating pipe.

Suitable for air heating gas boilers, and other types of heating equipment. The efficiency of such systems reaches 90%, they are used not only in residential premises, but also in workshops and warehouses.

But radiators for air heating are not needed. Warm air simply fills the rooms through special grilles. As you know, hot gas tends to rise. Cold air it will be pushed down.

From here, cold air flows back to the heat exchanger, heat up, enter the rooms, etc.

This diagram clearly demonstrates a recirculation-type air heating device with a partial intake of outside air, as well as an air conditioner, an ionizer and an ultraviolet purifier

Almost all air heating systems include the installation of a fan that pumps hot air and forces it to move through the heating system. The presence of such a device makes the system dependent on electrical energy.

You can also make a system in which hot air will move naturally, without any fan. However, the efficiency of such systems usually leaves much to be desired, since the rooms in this case warm up too slowly.

A convincing argument in favor of organizing an air heating system is to exclude accidental leaks and flooding with resulting property damage. In addition, in case of damage to the air ducts, the automation will stop the system.

Features of air heating

Compared to traditional water heating, air systems have many advantages. For example, it is noted high efficiency such a system, which can be 90%. The efficiency of water heating rarely reaches 65%.

If air heating is arranged correctly, the air warms up the rooms extremely quickly, literally in a matter of minutes. The temperature in the rooms is controlled by automatic equipment, which turns the heater on and off as needed.

As a result, the house is always warm, and heating costs are reduced. Using the air heating system is easier. Air ducts don't get clogged as often as hot water pipes, so they don't need to be cleaned as often.

For obvious reasons, the owners air systems heating systems do not have problems with leaks, as well as with the threat of freezing pipes if the boiler stops working for some reason during the cold season.

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Having learned about the advantages of air heating, you should also evaluate its disadvantages. To begin with, installing such a system in an already built house is very difficult, and not always possible. You cannot simply dismantle the pipes and radiators of water heating and install air ducts and grilles instead, since completely different principles are used here.

Bulky air ducts will take up significantly more space, and they will not look very aesthetically pleasing along the walls. They are usually placed behind false ceilings, false panels, etc. In fact, such a reorganization of heating will require serious overhaul the whole house.

Air ducts are rather bulky structures that are best hidden behind a false ceiling and in the space under the floor.

Before you start breaking walls, you will have to carry out serious engineering calculations. That is why it is recommended to arrange air heating in the house at the stage of its construction. And all necessary calculations carried out during the design of the building. In this case, you can get a convenient, reliable and highly efficient heating system.

Another problem is the dependence of the air heating of a private house on the availability of electricity. The fan does not spin, hot air does not move, rooms cool down as quickly as they warm up. Will have to spend on some alternative source electricity, such as a generator.

System Design Principles

When designing air heating systems, many important factors are taken into account. First of all, it is the need for heat in each individual room, as well as heat loss for each room. doors, windows, ventilation holes and other objects contribute to the fact that precious kilojoules of thermal energy go outside.

Buleryan oven - economical option a heater that can be used to organize air heating. Great solution a long-burning wood-burning stove can also become

The most important point is the presence of high-quality insulation of the building. If the house is plastic windows, good doors, and its facade is reliably insulated, heat loss will be less, and heating costs can be significantly reduced. If we are talking about the reconstruction of a building, you should start with.

After the need for thermal energy and its costs are correlated, the power of the heating equipment is calculated and its type is selected. Then the hot air flow parameters are calculated. Perform special aerodynamic calculations to calculate required dimensions air ducts.

A diffuser grille is installed at the outlet of the duct. Its size and configuration can affect the speed of the air flow.

You can pre-calculate the power of the equipment, focusing on the following figures: for heating every 10 square meters. meters of the room will need about 0.7-0.8 kW of heat. This is provided that the house is well-insulated, otherwise more powerful equipment will be needed. But full design and detailed calculations are best left to an experienced engineer.

Incorrect calculations can affect the condition finished system very sad. An unprofessionally designed air heating system is characterized by problems such as frequent breakdowns equipment, overheating of indoor air, overheating of equipment, drafts, elevated level noise.

Simultaneously with the design of the air heating system, it makes sense to think over the arrangement of stationary pieces of furniture in the house. Supply and exhaust grilles should be located in places remote from the constant presence of people.

They also should not be hidden under cabinets, cabinets or other objects that impede the free movement of air masses.

In a multi-storey private house, exhaust grilles are recommended to be positioned in such a way that on the upper floors the cooled air is taken into the system from above, and on the lower floors - from below. This will ensure a more even distribution of heat throughout the rooms. Read more about how to correctly calculate air heating.

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Varieties of air heating systems

Three types of heating systems known to science can be distinguished:

• straight-through;
• recirculation (it is also gravitational);
• recirculation with a partial intake of outside air.

Direct-flow systems are the most ancient and simple in design. They were also used in Ancient Rome and were widespread in London before the start of the industrial and technological revolution.

This diagram shows the device of a direct-flow air heating system, which is characterized by low efficiency. Modern systems are more complex, but have a much higher efficiency

With a direct-flow system, the heating device, i.e. a wood stove or fireplace, was located in the lower part of the house, optimally in the basement. The heat from the air heated by the stove rose up, transferred to the walls and ceilings.

To improve the circulation of hot air and the efficiency of heating, special holes were made in the floor.

The cooled air left the room through the holes in the roof, and the stove (fireplace) warmed up new air masses that came in from the outside, since serious thermal insulation of buildings at that time was not yet developed.

The low efficiency of once-through systems is obvious. She needs to burn a large number fuel, but a significant part of the heat is absorbed by the material of the walls, floor and ceilings.

At the same time, the rooms are heated unevenly: it is too hot downstairs, and the upper rooms no longer have time to heat up. Part of the heat generally left the house through the roof along with the air.

A more modern recirculation system appeared due to the development gas heating. heating equipment This type allows you to warm up not the whole house, but only specific air masses. From them, air flows are formed, which are directed from the bottom up to specific rooms.

At the same time, hot air masses displace cold air, which escapes through gratings arranged in the floor of the room. Cold air flows through the ducts to the heater and returns to the system in the form of a hot stream. The recycling cycle is repeated over and over again.

The cost of thermal energy in a recirculating heating system is several times less than when using a once-through scheme. But there are also disadvantages to this option. closed system prevents air renewal, which worsens the quality of life in the house.

In a closed recirculation air heating system, air flows constantly circulate between the rooms and the heater, giving and taking heat

Part of the problem can be solved using such means as filters, ionizers, etc. But good appliances of this type are quite expensive, and their maintenance will require additional effort, as well as automation tools.

The problem of restoring air flows can be solved more effectively with the help of a recirculation heating system with partial air intake from outside.

When arranging such a scheme, a partial withdrawal of a small amount of air outside and the intake of an appropriate volume of air masses from the street are envisaged. As a result, the composition of the air inside the building is regularly updated.

Recirculation systems work on the gravitational principle: hot streams rise up, and cold streams fall down. Unfortunately, not in every building such circulation is carried out efficiently enough. In this case, a fan is included in the system in order to force the recirculation process.

System installation features

If the calculations are done on a high professional level, and the project of the cottage air heating system has been drawn up, you can install it yourself.

For this you will need:

• heating device;
• fan;
• gratings;
• fasteners;
• tool for working with air ducts, etc.

As a heater, a gas generator is usually used as the most economical profitable option. Air ducts can have a rectangular, square, round or oval section.

Usually suitable designs can be ordered from a company that manufactures ventilation systems.

The diagram shows the elements of the air heating system, which will allow the installation of air ducts in strict accordance with the design documentation

Typically, air ducts are made of galvanized steel, they are light enough not to overload the load-bearing structures of the house, and also have increased resistance to wear and corrosion. For rigid ducts, you will need special elements that provide a slope of 45 or 90 degrees. And for flexible products, such elements are not needed.

Air ducts are also made of ordinary steel, copper, plastic and other materials. There are even textile structures of this type. In places with high humidity, it is recommended to use copper elements, as they are more resistant to such conditions.

Plastic structures are relatively inexpensive and can be used away from potential ignition sources.

Air ducts are fixed under the ceiling and floor, as well as inside the walls. If there is a need to lay an air duct not inside, but along the wall, it is closed with a false panel. Mounted in the ceiling and floor at the ends of the ducts.

Rigid air ducts made of galvanized steel are very reliable and durable. For their successful installation, you will need elbows with an angle of rotation of 45 and 90 degrees.

Air masses, moving inside the structure, can make a certain noise. To bring it down Negative influence, it is recommended to hide the air ducts under a layer of sound insulation.

Usually this material also has thermal insulation properties, which only increases the efficiency of the system.

In order for air heating structures to emit as little noise as possible during operation, it is recommended to cover them with a layer of insulating material

It is worth considering the option of purchasing air ducts that have already been coated with such insulating layer. This will simplify and speed up installation work.

If there is a need to install a fan, or several such devices, then it is usually included in the system next to the heater. The fan is supplied with power, and also provides a backup source of electricity.

The system also includes one or more filters. These can be mechanical filters that prevent the spread of dust particles. Along with these devices, it is recommended to install and carbon filter which absorbs various odours. Of course, filters need periodic cleaning and/or replacement.

Part of the duct is brought outside to provide inflow fresh air. This segment is brought to the filter system, and then air is supplied to the heat exchanger heater. If installation work is carried out at the stage of building a house, then their implementation usually does not cause great difficulties. The main thing is a good project.

To improve the microclimate in the house, such useful elements as a humidifier, ionizer, ultra-violet sterilizer, etc. These elements are not mandatory, but if the funds allow, you should not refuse them.

One more useful device- ducted air conditioner. It is also built into the duct system. This will allow the system to be used in the warm season to cool the air in the room.

Automatic control systems significantly improve the operation of the air heating system and reduce heat costs, as well as simplify the operation of equipment

The final stage is the connection of the automatic control system. You will need air temperature sensors in the rooms and a control panel with a processor that will process the received data and regulate the operation of the heating equipment.

Conclusions and useful video on the topic

Interesting information on calculations and design of air heating is shown here:

In this video, you can see two options for a relatively inexpensive installation of air heating systems using Russian-made appliances and materials:

air heating- a worthy and profitable option for heating a private house. It differs more high efficiency compared to traditional water systems and can significantly improve the quality of life in the home. But to ensure the successful implementation of this idea, the system must be properly calculated and professionally designed.

Got questions? Or have experience personal use air heating for home? Please share your own opinion on this issue. Leave comments, ask questions, share tips in the block below.

Owners of private houses often solve the problems associated with the organization of an autonomous heating system. Air heating is, although not the most popular type, but quite in an efficient way maintaining optimal temperature conditions. The article will discuss how to make air heating.

Heating of premises does not require the installation of radiators and constant maintenance. The system is quite economical due to the absence of "intermediaries", because the heated air immediately enters the rooms. Mounting additional equipment provides more wide opportunities for the owners.

So, for example, by combining the heating system with ventilation, an influx of fresh air is provided. Modern automation allows you to control the required parameters of the microclimate by programming temperature sensors.

Advantages of an air heating system

Due to a number of advantages of this system, it can compete with traditional views heating.

• Full autonomy, start and end heating season determined by the property owner.
• Automation is switched on only to maintain the optimum temperature, thereby saving resources (gas, electricity, etc.).
• The system can be turned off a long period without any consequences.
• Due to the absence of radiators, the installation of the system is easy, and the interior only wins in such cases.
• Air flows quickly and evenly heat the room. The efficiency is 90-93%.
• Complete security. There is no risk of leaks, freezing of water, fire hazard.
• It is possible to connect duct equipment that works to maintain a certain level of humidity.

Air heating scheme

Of course, ideal heating systems do not exist. In a barrel of honey, you can add a fly in the ointment.

• With improper design, there is a possibility of increased noise and an imbalance in the supply of heated air.
• Air ducts can have quite large diameter, which significantly affects the height of the ceiling.
• When using gas or fuel heaters, in case of fire, harmful substances quickly spread through the highways into the premises.

The principle of operation of air heating

• A fan is mounted under the combustion chamber of the heat generator, which draws in cooled air from the room and directs it to the heat exchanger. After heating, the flows are distributed along the highways to each room. The products of combustion exit through the chimney.
• Warm air displaces cold (law of physics) down to the air intakes. Thus it is created natural circulation. However, due to drafts from windows or doors, the process is disrupted and warm air masses accumulate under the ceiling. This is the only disadvantage of the gravity system.

• If forced ventilation is used, then the distribution of air masses occurs faster and more evenly. But the resulting noise in air ducts and diffusers due to aerodynamic properties creates significant discomfort for people in the premises.

Classification of air heating boilers

Circulation is carried out mechanically, when a fan is used to blow air, or in a natural way due to temperature differences. The system can be central, designed for heating large areas or local where optimum temperature supported in rooms with a modest quadrature.

Air exchange happens:

• recirculation, when the cooled air in the room flows back into the heat generator;
• with partial recirculation;
• with air flow from the street.

Heat generators for air heating

Nice addition to the system

• This type of heating provides ample opportunities to improve the quality of the microclimate. So, thanks to the influx of air from the street, the premises are ventilated. The system is used not only for heating, but also for cooling air masses. It is possible to supplement air heating with a device designed to maintain a certain level of humidity.
• It is possible to reduce the content of dust in the air by means of filter elements. In this case, the selection of equipment depends on the desired degree of purification: from standard to sterility. For prevention infectious diseases you can mount an ultraviolet sterilizer and turn it on as needed.

• Such a system allows you to do without radiators, pipes, bulky boilers used in standard form heating. This has a positive effect on maintenance, and leaks, corrosion and freezing of the system will bypass you.

Air heating project

It is better to entrust the drafting of the project, as well as the calculation of the elements of the system, to professionals. Here it is necessary to take into account many nuances, from the main points it is worth noting:

• productivity (power) of heating equipment, the percentage of loss of thermal energy is taken into account in the calculations;
• the rate of supply of heated air masses;
• the diameter of the air ducts, much attention is paid to the aerodynamic characteristics of the line.

Incorrect calculation of air heating, as well as illiterate installation, can nullify all expectations. As a result, you can get not a comfortable microclimate, but negative sensations from equipment noise and vibration, overheating or insufficient heating of the system, and similar inconveniences.

The project is being developed at the stage of building a house. This will make it possible to provide for all technological openings, niches and other structural elements for accommodating equipment, devices and system elements.

Air heating video

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Air mass heaters

The main element in the installation of an air heating system is equipment designed to heat air flows. It is from him that the highway departs, with the help of which the heated air is evenly distributed throughout the premises. Manufacturers widely represent equipment that differs technical specifications, installation methods, additional elements etc., as they say, for every taste and budget of the consumer.

In air heating systems, heaters are used that heat the air at the time of its passage through the mains and heat generators that operate on combustion different kind fuel:

• gas (natural or liquefied);
• electricity;
• liquid fuel (for example, diesel);
• combined option - a universal combination of water and electricity.

When choosing air heating at home, pay attention to the possibility of changing the rate of fuel burning. Gas powered equipment must be equipped with automatic system switching off and on, as well as temperature control sensors.

It should be noted that some types of boilers can be used not only for heating, but also for the organization of hot water supply and the “warm floor” system.

Dampers, diffusers, grilles

• Dampers and valves are used to regulate the pressure of air when it is supplied. For settings bandwidth these elements are installed on each feed channel. In zones, the influx of fresh air from the street into without fail adjustable shutters are installed.
• Diffusers and grilles are connected to each channel located in the premises. They serve to distribute and separate air flows (air conditioning, ventilation, heating systems).
• For convenient operation, such elements are equipped with movable blinds, which makes it possible to regulate the pressure of air flows.

The main steps for installing air heating with your own hands

• After preparing all the elements of the system, you can begin to connect them.
• First, the installation of the main main channels for the inflow and outflow of air masses is carried out.
• To the leading channels, in the holes made, the wiring from auxiliary pipes. The seams are sealed with a special adhesive tape.
• For longitudinal and corner connections use H and L-shaped profiles that can be fixed with glue.
• To create a more uniform air supply at the ends of the channel (up to 50 cm), it is not recommended to make tie-ins.
• Gates are mounted to the supply shafts.
• Diffusers can be chosen both round and rectangular, the latter, by the way, will reduce the passing air flow.

• For return air intake, a pipe with a cross section of 125 mm is taken. The previous sidebar recommendations can be used here as well.

It is not worth doing the installation of the air conditioner with your own hands. But to mount a humidifier is quite capable. For this device not only water is needed, but also sewage, where unevaporated water will flow.

The air heating system is characterized by rather complex installation work, including project development and selection of all components. Therefore, it is recommended to contact specialized companies for the installation of all elements. Incorrect installation in best case lead to uneven or insufficient heating of the room. In the worst case, it will come to dismantle the entire system, and these are extra expenses, damaged repairs and irretrievable loss of nerve cells.

Under air heating understand a special system of thermoregulation. It involves the supply of air heated to a predetermined temperature directly into the premises of a residential or non-residential building. Compared with stove and radiator systems, such heating is characterized by a number of advantages.

Air heating at home - many advantages, but few disadvantages

Many modern heating systems have quite serious shortcomings. This makes property owners look for more effective options heating. AT last years air systems began to gain considerable popularity, which equally heat large premises (both residential and industrial or administrative), and completely small houses with multiple rooms. This type of heating is characterized by the following advantages:

1. 1. There is no need to spend money on the purchase of pipes and radiators, as well as on their installation.
2. 2. Indicator useful action air systems approaches 90%.
3. 3. The possibility of arranging, within the framework of one project, a combined complex for maintaining the required temperature in a private house (air conditioning plus heating).
4. 4. Complete safety of equipment operation. The systems we are considering are equipped with highly sensitive automation. It is she who controls the operation of heating every second. As soon as any failure occurs, there is a danger of leakage, the automation switches off the used air installations.
5. 5. Low energy consumption, affordable cost and quick payback of installed heating equipment. Air will be truly profitable and economical.
6. 6. Aesthetics. The dwelling does not need to be cluttered with radiators and highways connecting them. Due to this all free space indoors can be used to create chic interiors.
7. 7. Easy operation. Starting the system, selecting the required mode of its operation, stopping the equipment and many other processes are carried out in automatic control mode. The probability of making a mistake on the part of a person when using air heating is reduced, in fact, to zero.

In addition, the described type of heating is durable and reliable. If the heating project is drawn up correctly, the installation is completed without errors, and regular maintenance is done on time, the network will last 20–25 years without the slightest accident. noteworthy and unique high speed air heating. In cases where the temperature in the room was zero or negative, after starting the equipment, it takes a maximum of 30-40 minutes to fully warm up the room.

The disadvantage of air heating is the need for fairly frequent (and necessarily regular) maintenance. Another disadvantage is the energy dependence of the described complexes. The equipment is powered by electricity. If there is no light in the house, the system will stop. There is only one way to solve this problem - to take care of installing an additional (autonomous) source of electrical power.

Varieties of systems - how to choose the best one?

Familiarization with the types of air heating makes it possible to choose the configuration that is suitable for a particular residential building in terms of all characteristics. The systems of interest to us are classified according to

• the place of installation of the equipment;
• air circulation option;
• type of heat exchange;
• scale.

The air heating system can be suspended or floor-mounted by location. The first option involves the installation of channels (air ducts) to fill the room with heated air under the ceiling, the second - under the floor. Important. In both cases, the channels are easy to mask using decorative elements and plinth structures. In private housing construction, experts advise using the floor scheme, as it first heats the lower part of the room, providing maximum comfort inhabitants of the dwelling. When installing suspended ducts, there is a possibility that the heat will not be able to reach the floor surface. This will bring some discomfort to the person.

According to the type of air circulation, air systems are classified as forced and natural. This moment has great importance. With natural ventilation, the rise of air is provided by its heating. The hot mass is sent to the air ducts, heats them up, and then goes back to the heat exchanger. If during the operation of the system cold air from the street enters the room (for example, through windows or doors), it will accumulate near the floor. As a result, the lower part of the room will always be cooler.

Using forced ventilation described above, there is no problem. In this case, the system is equipped with a special fan. Its task is to form a given pressure at which heated air moves around the room much faster. Due to this, the room is heated in a matter of minutes. Cold air in the presence of a fan simply cannot change temperature regime provided by the system. Nuance. The ventilation equipment makes a noticeable noise during operation.

If you consider yourself overly susceptible to extraneous annoying sounds, it is better to opt for networks with natural ventilation.

Heat exchange in the described systems can be supply and recirculation. Here you need to remember the following. If the heating takes air exclusively from the street, then we have a supply system. For its arrangement, fans are needed that can direct street air masses to the heating installation. If the air is taken from both outside and inside the house, we are talking about recirculation heat exchange.

In terms of scale, air heating is classified as one of two types. The first one is local. It is suitable for heating private area housing construction. The second type is central. This scheme is good for warehouses, entertainment facilities, sports facilities, large stores and so on. It makes little sense to introduce it into a home (even a large one).

Heating device - what elements are needed?

Regardless of the type of system chosen, for its arrangement you will need to purchase:

• thermal generator;
• air ducts;
• fan;
• gratings for air intake and supply.

A heat generator is a furnace (boiler) for burning a certain type of fuel in order to heat the air. It can operate on any fuel. The heater is powered by natural gas, liquefied or liquid fuel even wood or charcoal. Important point! Boilers for the heating systems under consideration make it possible to switch from one fuel to another at any time. If the heat generator is powered by natural gas, it is enough to change the burner on the unit to start using diesel fuel. This is literally a matter of minutes. In cases where it becomes necessary to burn natural gas instead of liquefied gas, you just need to install a replaceable nozzle on the unit, which is characterized by a different cross section of the through holes.

Air ducts are branched-type channels designed to supply heated air flow to the heated rooms of the house. These devices are made in round or rectangular shape. The difference between them is insignificant, but it is. Round ones have a cross section within 20 cm, they are described by a small resistance (aerodynamic). Due to this, the heating efficiency is slightly increased. Compound separate parts round air ducts is carried out with studs or clamps. The cross section of rectangular channels is usually slightly larger. Such structures are easier to fit into home interior. For this reason, they are used much more often than round ones to supply heat to private dwellings.

The air heating device requires the use of some other elements. Air intakes and air distributors are always installed at the outlet areas of air ducts to heated rooms. A fan is also required. It blows heated air into the ducts. The fan is mounted under the combustion chamber of the boiler being used. It is usually equipped with a filter device that purifies the air from fine dust particles and other impurities.

Calculation and independent installation of the heating system - will it work?

Calculation of air heating and drawing up its exact design are mandatory steps in installing the system. These operations are necessary for:

• determining the speed at which air should move;
• choice heating installation with suitable power characteristics sufficient to heat the house;
• obtaining an accurate installation scheme for all elements of the heating network;
• determining the aerodynamic index of the system and the volume of heat leaving the house through door and window openings, floor base, roof, wall surfaces.

It is quite difficult to perform a competent calculation with your own hands. You need to have knowledge of a heating engineer. We recommend entrusting the design phase to specialists. And installation work, having a heating scheme at hand, you can do it yourself.

The video below shows the sequence of actions to be taken when assembling and connecting the air heating system. The first step is to select and . It must have such modules - regulation of the intensity of combustion and automatic control of the safety of the operation of the equipment. A unit without such systems is not suitable for arranging air heating.

We connect air ducts to the boiler installed in the selected place. Allowed to use metal flexible channels, and galvanized steel products. The first are connected to each other and sealed with special reinforced tape, the second - with studs, clamps. If a combined heating and air conditioning system is installed, the air ducts must be carefully insulated. Then condensation will not form on their surface.

After laying the air ducts, you can mount the grilles, and then decorate the laid channels for the existing interior (of course, if you have planned such work). Watch the video carefully, listen to the advice of experts, and you will definitely be able to build a high-quality and durable air heating system. May your home always be cozy and warm!

Along with traditional water heating using radiators, air heating systems are becoming more common in private construction. Air heating is especially relevant in private cottages of a large area and number of storeys, or where the requirements for the interior of the premises are increased. In the first case traditional systems lose efficiency, and the installation of batteries is not allowed in the second. AT this material we will reveal the topic of how you can arrange air heating in a private house on your own.

Where to begin?

It is recommended to carry out the idea with air heating in stages, carefully checking your work, because the cost of a mistake is too high. Of course, it is best to do this at the stage of designing a dwelling, but if desired, this can also be implemented at a finished facility. The sequence is:

• Calculation of the thermal power required for heating the house.
• Choice of air heating system.
• Schema development.

Having passed these stages, you will go to the selection and purchase of equipment, and then proceed to installation work, which you can do with your own hands or with the help of specialized organizations.

Advice. Based on the results of your work, it is recommended to consult with specialists involved in the design of such systems. This will help clarify many of the nuances, as well as check your calculations.

Calculation of air heating

Before performing the calculation, you should know that air heating can be combined with ventilation. The course of calculations will also depend on this, but in any case, heat losses through the outer walls, windows, roofs and floors for each room are first determined. To do this, use the formula given for the wall:

Qwalls \u003d 1 / Rwalls x (tin - tn) x Swalls, where:

• Rwalls - resistance to heat transfer, (m2 ºС / W);
• Swalls - wall area within the considered room, m2;
• tv and tn - respectively, the temperature of the indoor and outdoor air.

The same formula is also used to calculate the heat loss of windows and other building envelopes. Knowing the materials from which these structures are built or will be built, the heat transfer resistance R is calculated for each of them:

R = δ / λ, here:

• δ is the thickness of the structure in meters;
• λ is the thermal conductivity of the material, W/(m ºС). This value is a reference value, it is not difficult to find it in the technical literature.

Obtained values ​​for all building structures protecting the premises from external environment, add up and get the value of the thermal power of the heating system to compensate for losses through these structures. If it is necessary to calculate the air heating combined with the ventilation system, then the thermal energy spent on heating the supply air is added to the obtained value. It is calculated by the formula:

Qvent \u003d cm (tv - tn), where:

• Qvent - energy spent on heating the supply air, W;
• m is the mass of supply air, kg;
• tv and tн - temperature of internal and external air;
• with - specific heat air mixture is equal to 0.28 W / (kg ºС).

To perform a further calculation of the air heating system, you need to know the mass of the air mixture m (kg). For this, its quantity in m3 is first determined, after which it is multiplied by the density, its values ​​​​at different temperatures are given in technical reference books. The amount of supply air for living rooms is taken according to their volume, which corresponds to the exchange rate of 1 time per hour.

Air heating systems

Any do-it-yourself air heating of a private house can be divided into local and centralized. The first type includes all devices that heat the air within the same room. These are electric fan heaters, split systems, local air handling units and other similar devices. Centralized systems are characterized by the presence of one source of heat - the boiler. The energy it produces is transferred to the coolant and distributed among the rooms different ways(using air ducts or pipes with heat carrier).

According to the method of heating, the air heating system of a private house can be of several types:

• with full recirculation;
• with partial recirculation;
• straight-through;
• direct flow with heat recovery.

The principle on which the recirculation heating scheme works is to pass the air of the room through an electric or other heater without adding fresh air from outside. An example of such a heater is the same split - system, fan heater or fan coil unit of a centralized installation.

Note. Exceptions are air conditioners and fan coil units with the function of mixing supply air.

If the owner of the dwelling wants to use heating with full recirculation, then ventilation in the building will have to be taken care of separately. Typically, in such a situation, supply and exhaust ventilation with a natural urge. Partial recirculation allows you to combine these two systems - heating ventilation - into one. At the same time, devices that heat the air masses inside capture part of the air from the street, purify it, heat it and mix it with the recirculation air. Then there is no need to worry about additional inflow, it is only necessary to provide an additional supply of thermal energy for heating outdoor air, which occurs in air heating systems.

With a direct flow required amount the air mixture from outside is heated in the heat exchanger ventilation unit and fed inside, while exhaust system just blows the exhaust air out. The inflow temperature is calculated in such a way that the thermal energy supplied with it is enough to compensate for losses through external fences. For example, if the room requires a temperature of 20 ºС, then the direct-flow heating system will heat the inflow to 25-30 ºС to compensate for heat loss.

An example of direct-flow systems can be local supply units built into walls or air heating boilers, the heat from which diverges throughout the house using air ducts. Considering that forward flow is not the most economical solution, heat exchangers - recuperators - are used to extract heat from the exhaust air, they transfer energy from the exhaust stream to the supply one, as a result of which 50-60% less heat is spent on heating the latter.

Air source heat pumps for heating

In recent years, the use of heat pumps as heat sources instead of boiler plants has become relevant. This applies to installations that extract thermal energy from the surrounding air, whose cost is becoming more affordable.

For reference. There are geothermal heat pumps that use the energy of the earth, but their cost in our time cannot be called affordable.

The principle by which the house is heated with an air pump is very similar to the operation of a split system for heating. In fact, air whose temperature is higher absolute zero, contains thermal energy, so this device takes it away, cooling the air masses on the street even more. The resulting heat is transferred to the internal air and distributed throughout the dwelling. It should be noted that this method is the most effective among all existing ones. The cost of electricity for the operation of fans and compressors is only a third of the amount of heat extracted from the air. Therefore, a heat pump for heating a cottage is the best solution, although the most expensive.

Conclusion

After the type of system is selected, you will need an air heating scheme for your home. It is better to develop it with the help of specialists, since it will be necessary to optimally lay pipelines and air ducts, as well as to choose the right equipment, which has a considerable cost.

The working scheme of air heating includes minimum set equipment:

1. heat source (heat generator);
2. air ducts delivering heat to heated areas.

Examples of home-made air heating are presented in detail on the Internet with photos and diagrams, but interest in such systems has not waned. The advantages of air heating include:

• high efficiency, reaching 93%;
• direct heat transfer to heated areas without pipes, heating radiators, etc.;
• the possibility of creating a microclimate of the room by combining heating with a climate system;
• power and low inertia of air heating, which allows you to quickly warm up the housing to the desired temperatures.

Here are some ways to install air heating in a private house on their own Let's take a look at the pros and cons of each method.

How to make air heating of a private house from the sun

The advantages of solar heating are obvious - the homeowner invests only in the purchase of equipment, and the heat source itself does not cost anything. Solar power plants pay off in about three years, and their service life is ten times longer (up to 30 years).

There are two types of solar heating: from solar panels and.

Benefits of solar heating:

• absolute environmental safety;
• ease of operation;
• continuous development of production technology and reduction in the cost of equipment.

Among the shortcomings, we note:

• low productivity of the station on cloudy days;
• the still high cost of equipment and installation;
• the need for accurate calculation and correct placement equipment for maximum performance.

Solar installations

The principle of operation of such installations is based on the formation of direct current by sunlight when it hits special semiconductors. The converter converts direct current into alternating current. The voltage that appears in the solar panels is transferred to the heating system. Energy can also be stored in a battery and then used on cloudy days.

Solar batteries are technically difficult, their production will require knowledge and skills. In addition, such equipment is usually used to. This type of heating is used where there is electric heating- or . If the installation capacity is sufficient, then it is possible to provide the house with hot water.

The efficiency of batteries depends mainly on the number of solar energy. In the middle and northern latitudes where the sun is not enough, it can be recommended to use combined plants, in which solar panels will play a supporting role.

Installations on solar collectors

The principle of operation of such installations is also based on the collection and conversion of solar energy, only the transformation occurs not into electrical, but into thermal energy. The coolant in the collector is heated by the action of sunlight and gives off its heat to the room. The performance of such an installation also depends on the amount of sunlight.

According to the type of heat carrier, heating installations are distinguished:

• water and antifreeze;
• air.

The procedure for installing a solar collector:

1. wall south side insulate the house with foam plastic and paint it with black paint.
2. Sew wooden slats on top.
3. From below, through the wall of the house and insulation from the edges, punch 2 convection holes for cold air, from above 1 for hot air. Hole diameter 20 cm.
4. Sew corrugated board on the slats, which close with black on top plastic wrap(preferably glass).

The principle of operation of the collector is very simple: the circulation of cold air from the house occurs through the lower openings, the heated air enters the house through the upper convection opening.

In November at noon at a temperature of 9 degrees on a sunny day, the air supplied to the house, the collector heats up to 46 degrees.

Scheme of solar air heating of a private house

How to make air heating with your own hands from the stove

When calculating air heating, it is assumed that 1 kW of heater power can heat 10 square meters of a well-insulated room. Fireplace inserts with a power of 10 kW, respectively, are able to heat a house with an area of ​​100 sq.m.

Natural convection systems

The air heating system from the stove (fireplace) involves the distribution of heat to other rooms of the house by streams of heated air. For this, flexible heat-insulating channels coming from the fireplace are usually used.

The movement of heated air flows can be natural and forced. If the air flow is directed vertically, then natural movement will be ensured, if hot air needs to be supplied over long horizontal distances, then forced supply is needed. The project of air heating a house from a fireplace should make the most of the possibilities of natural convection, which requires large-section air ducts.

Refractory materials and minimum aerodynamic resistance are the main requirements for air ducts. The length of the air duct from the fireplace to the room should be no more than 3 m. It should not have narrowings or bends. The natural air movement heating system can heat no more than 4 rooms. During installation, special attention is paid to the insulation of sections of air ducts near combustible materials of the building.

Forced convection systems

The principle is to collect air in a convection chamber and blow it into different rooms at home with one or more duct-type fans. The distance of heat supply is no more than 10 m. Flexible ventilation ducts or small diameter ducts.

Scheme of air heating from a furnace with forced convection

How to make air heating based on buleryan

The buleryan stove was designed for Canadian lumberjacks. Because of their unique characteristics, it spread very quickly, and today buleryan is used for heating housing, production, garages, greenhouses and other facilities.

The operation of the furnace is based on the principle of gas generation, i.e. "smoldering" combustion regime with oxygen deficiency. From below, cold air enters the furnace openings, and heated to 60 - 80 degrees air comes out of the pipes of the upper part of the furnace. The combustion mode in such a furnace is full, i.e. with afterburning of combustible gases in a furnace with air supply. The stove is very economical - one bookmark of firewood is enough for 6 - 8 hours.

Do-it-yourself air heating of a private house from Buleryan is arranged by connecting air ducts to the furnace pipes and distributing heat through air ducts throughout the house. Air ducts can be made of corrugated aluminum or tin. Air ducts transport hot air only from the stove, there is no return flow, which reduces the heating efficiency.

In the photo, the Buleryan oven. Production Canada

How to make air heating from cans

Do-it-yourself air heating of a private house from cans is an example of self-manufacturing of an effective heating system from improvised materials.

1. Fabrication of air flows

1. Need 196 cans from under the soda, which you need to wash and make holes at the bottom and top.
2. Fasten the cans together with silicone, making a pipe out of 14 cans. Only 14 columns of 14 cans. These are the channels through which warm air will enter the house.

2. Manufacture of the manifold box

• For the box you will need plywood and a board, PVA glue, high-temperature silicone, mineral wool for insulation.
• The board must be cut to size, the joints nailed and glued.
• The finished dry box must be insulated with mineral wool.
• In the top wall you need to make 14 holes for the size of the jar. These are places where warm air collects.

3. Manifold Assembly

It is better to see the assembly of the collector and its preparation for work - the whole process is shown in detail in the video at the end.

The collector is capable of heating the air up to 70 - 80° C. Using such a collector can significantly save the consumption of natural gas and electricity for heating.

This is what an aluminum can collector looks like

findings

A variety of air heating systems allow you to choose a convenient and maximum effective scheme for each specific case. The popularity of air heating in the US and the EU is not accidental - the efficiency of such heating installations is about 90%, while that of water heating, which is popular in Russia, is no more than 60%. The future belongs to inexpensive and effective methods air heating, so now you need to select installations and use them to heat your homes.