Roof gutter system: structural elements, rules for calculation, installation and repair. Gutters and their device Elements of the drainage system

Properly equipped gutter from the roof of the house will provide reliable protection the facade of the building from the negative effects of precipitation. The gutter is designed to divert storm drains and melt water from the roof, thereby preventing them from flowing down the walls of the house and undermining the foundation. The installation of a drain from pitched roofs is a simple matter, you can cope with the task without calling specialists. Let's see how this happens in practice.

Why can't the roof be left without a gutter? Many houses have rather unusual and beautiful roofs, and their owners wish to abandon the arrangement of this important system just because they don't want to spoil appearance roofs and buildings in general. After all, the drain is a system of gutters and pipes that look far from as elegant as, perhaps, the house itself. But making such a decision will be fundamentally wrong - no matter how beautiful and unusual the house is, it needs a drain from the roof.

Primarily, drainage system provides protection of the building from the effects of precipitation on facades and foundations. Water dripping from the sky is far from the purest liquid, it contains a lot of chemicals, and in some regions - literally the entire periodic table. And some Construction Materials under its influence, they begin to quickly lose their appearance and collapse, due to which the structure is no longer as strong and reliable as it was originally. Yes and wet walls lose some of the heat-saving properties, look ugly.

On a note! A roof drainage system does not always look simple or ugly. Now you can make components of any shape and even fit them to the style of the whole structure, which means that they will not look clumsy.

The drainage system operates simply: the water that has fallen on the roof is collected in one gutter, through which it is directed to certain point so-called safe flow. And if the system is designed correctly, then it reliably protects both the foundation and the walls from water.

Organized gutter from the roof

Gutter types

From pitched roofs, drainage can be organized in three ways:

unorganized when water flows naturally from the roof under the influence of gravity, falling on the walls and flooding the blind area;
organized internal when the drainage system from the roof is inside the building;
organized outdoor, consisting of pipes, gutters and funnels located on outside building.

On roofs with slopes, unorganized and external organized drains can be equipped. Moreover, the former are used less and less - builders prefer the latter, despite the need for additional investments in construction and a certain number of works.

Earlier in Russia, often there was no drainage system from the roofs - just the roof extensions were made larger and the water flowed down to the ground through them. Rather, it was called unorganized drain. But in this case, special requirements were imposed on the foundation of the building, and the surrounding space around the house had good waterproofing. This method is still relevant and used, but still it is usually settled only in regions with a minimum amount of precipitation (no more than 300 mm per year). All possible conditions for its arrangement can be found and read in SNiP 31-06-2009.

SNiP 31-06-2009. Public buildings and facilities. Download file (click on the link to open the PDF file in a new window).

Such a drainage system can be used if the height of the building does not exceed 5 floors, and the roof itself must have one slope, the slope of which is directed to the courtyard inside personal plot. At the same time, the roof must be equipped with a visor that extends beyond the roof by at least 60 cm. Also, under such a drain there should not be any means of movement of vehicles or people. The only advantage of such a drain is that there is no need to invest in work on drainage from roofs.

An unorganized drain does not protect the foundation, it will rather lower it bearing capacity. Also, over time, it will cause the destruction and decoration of the walls, and the basement.

The best option for organizing a drain from pitched roofs is an external drainage system. Thanks to him, the water will be only outside the building, gathering on the roof, flowing only to a certain place. And in itself, such a drain is easy to install and does not require special costs.

On a note! An internal organized drain, provided that the roof has slopes, is used very rarely, as it is a complex internal channel system. This type of drain can be found in industrial facilities.

The structure of the drainage system

In order for the roof drainage system to work correctly, it must include all necessary elements. Despite the rather simple device, it must contain the following design details:

Table. The materials used to make the system.

Material	Characteristics
	Easy to install, lightweight and convenient items. The assembly is carried out without much difficulty, since all the parts fit exactly to each other. PVC is not afraid of water, does not rust and is quite resistant to other influences. The service life of the system is up to 50 years.
	For the manufacture of drains, metal with galvanization or black can be used. Now it is used less and less, as new types of materials have appeared that make it possible to create more durable structures. The service life is only 10-15 years.
	Traditional, but expensive material for the manufacture of gutter parts. Has no drawbacks, except for the cost.
	A material that combines the advantages of metal and PVC products. Strong, durable, can serve flawlessly for more than 50 years.

System calculation

To cope with the flow of water, the drainage system must have certain sizes and shapes. They directly depend on the amount of precipitation in the region, the size of the building and other factors.

The catchment area is taken as the basis for the calculations - it is from it, first of all, that the parameters of the gutter and pipes will depend. For example, for small country houses(water collection area - less than 30 m 2) it is enough to purchase a drain pipe with a diameter of 50-75 mm, and a gutter with a cross section of about 70-115 mm. For modest cottages (the collection area does not exceed 50 m 2), a pipe with a diameter of 75 to 100 mm and a gutter with a cross section of 115-130 mm are suitable. But for buildings with large roofs (the collection area is about 125 m 2), you will have to purchase drain pipes with a diameter of at least 90-160 mm and gutters with a cross section of 140-200 mm.

The effective liquid drainage area can be calculated by the formula S=(B+1/2H)xL, where B is the length of the horizontal projection of the edge of the roof slope, L is the length of the roof, and H is its height. All measurements are in meters.

When calculating the cross section of the pipe, the angles of inclination of the drain should also be taken into account, because if they are insufficient, the gutter will quickly fill with water, which simply will not have time to flow down it. And at a large angle of inclination, the funnel of the drainage system will choke. For 1 running meter gutter slope should be approximately 2-5 mm.

On a note! The distance between adjacent funnels in the system should not be more than 24 m. It is best to place them 8-12 m apart - then it will be possible to achieve a slight slope of the gutters.

The cross section of the funnel is also easy to determine. It is enough to estimate that for 1 m 2 of the roof in horizontal projection there is about 1.5 cm 2 of the cross-sectional area of \u200b\u200bthis element. It is also important to remember that one funnel is able to collect water from about 10 m of the gutter. To simplify the calculations, you can use online calculators.

Number of internal and outside corners it is easy to calculate - only the configuration of the structure is taken into account here. And the number of brackets is calculated depending on the total length of the gutters, while it is important to remember that their installation step is 50-60 cm for metal systems and only 30-40 for plastic structures subject to a gutter slope of up to 1 cm for every 3-4 m. Where a funnel is installed, fasteners must be fixed at a distance of at least 15 cm from it. The same applies to the joints of gutters, corners and plugs.

Mounting Features

The technology of installing a drainage system with pitched roof simple, but has a number of nuances that must be taken into account. One of the most important - The right way fastenings, because it will depend on this how strong and reliable the system will turn out. The brackets must be securely screwed to the frontal board, batten or rafters with a certain pitch. Installation is done until final finishing roofs. If they are not fixed correctly, then the structure will begin to sag over time, due to which the gutters will leak.

An important point is correct installation the gutters themselves. They should be positioned so as to be partially closed edge roofs - about 1/3. In this case, it will be possible to achieve the most efficient collection of liquid. At the same time, the edge of the gutter should be located about a couple of centimeters lower than the slope itself - in this case, during the snow and ice coming off the roof, the gutter will not be damaged.

The connection of two gutters is a moment that also requires special attention. They can be fastened with glue (if they are made of plastic), couplings and seals (for plastic or metal gutters) or by soldering (the method is optimal for copper structures).

On a note! PVC products due to temperature changes can vary somewhat in size, so it is recommended to connect them so that they have some mobility. Otherwise, they may be deformed.

The drain pipe itself, located vertically, should be located as close as possible to the wall of the house and secured with clamps. This will increase its resistance to wind action. Separate sections of pipes, as well as pipes with funnels, are also connected using special connectors.

By the way, with regard to clamps for drain pipes, in the upper part, near the roof, the pipe is fixed with a rigid clamp, and in the middle or below - with a free one. The distance between them should be approximately 2-2.5 m.

The drain can be withdrawn immediately into the underground storm system through storm well, if any. Other possibilities for utilizing rainwater can also be considered.

Installation of a drainage system

Consider how the installation of a drainage system manufactured by Vinylon takes place.

Step 1. To install and assemble the system, you will need the following tools: a screwdriver, a miter box, a hacksaw, a strip bender, building level, tape measure, twine and marker.

Step 2 Anti-corrosion fasteners are used to fasten all parts of the drain. It is purchased at a hardware store.

Step 3 The drain system is installed from top to bottom. First, the catchment gutters are attached, only after that the drainage system (drain pipes) is installed. Gutters are installed below the level of the roof slope with a slope towards the funnel by about 2-3 cm every 10 meters of the gutter. For ease of use, markings are applied showing the attachment points of the brackets.

Step 4 The funnel is installed first at the bottom mark and the bracket at the top mark. A twine is stretched between them, along the level of which the remaining brackets and couplings are attached. In this case, the brackets are installed so that the distance from them to the edges of the funnel or coupling is no more than 10 cm. There can be a distance of about 60 cm between the other brackets.

Step 5 After installing the brackets, the gutter is fixed on them.

Step 6 Docking of two segments of gutters is carried out using a special coupling.

Step 7 The corners connecting the gutters in the corners of the house (internal and external) are fastened. Plugs are installed at the ends of the gutters.

Step 8 Installation of the drainage system begins. To do this, you will need pipe clamps. It is rigidly fixed in the upper part, and in the lower part it is fixed with slipping.

Step 9 An elbow is attached to the drain funnel, which, using a piece of pipe, is connected to another similar elbow, but oriented in the opposite direction. This will bring the drain pipe as close as possible to the wall of the house. The second knee is fixed on the wall with a clamp attached to it. This section is being assembled.

Step 10 At a distance from each other (maximum - 1.7 m), clamps for the drain pipe are attached to the walls.

Step 11 At a distance of 25-30 cm from the ground, the drain elbow is fastened. All parts are installed strictly vertically according to the building level.

Step 12 Pipes from the top of the couplings and drains are always installed until they hit the internal limiter of the element, from below - to the line marked on the system.

Step 13 After installing all the pipes, intermediate clamps are installed and all elements are tightened.

Video - Drainage device

Do-it-yourself installation of a drain from sewer pipes

A country house can be equipped with a drainage system made of ordinary sewer pipes. Let's see how it's done.

Step 1. A pipe 4 m long, having a sufficiently large cross section (about 110 mm), is cut lengthwise into two halves. It is most convenient to do this with a grinder.

Step 2 The halves of the pipes are interconnected and fastened with self-tapping screws.

Step 3 A drain funnel is being formed. To do this, a pipe segment and a cross are connected to the elbow. After fixing, marking is applied in the middle of the pipe with a continuation to the cross. According to the markup, the assembled elements are cut.

Step 4 To fix the gutters under the roof, you can use factory brackets or make them yourself from metal. They are screwed to improvised gutters.

Step 5 The installation of the gutter is carried out along the slope of the roof.

Step 6 The drain pipe is assembled, connected to the gutters and fixed on the wall of the building.

Video - Creating a drain from pipes

Installing a roof drain system is not as difficult as it first appears. In the construction industry, there are much more labor-intensive and time-consuming activities. Here, if desired, you can quickly manage to ensure the correct flow of water from the roof.

Roof drains are an integral part of any building.

The gutter system is used to prevent early damage to walls, foundations and other elements of the house.

Each building contains the main components: foundation, walls and roof. Over time, materials deteriorate, and the reason for this is not only years, but also external factors: rain, snow and hail.

The drainage device is divided into 3 groups:

An organized system is a collection of gutters, funnels and vertical pipes through which water flows into a sewer or well.
Disorganized system - no special facilities. In this case, water simply flows off the roofs, thereby spoiling the roof, walls and foundation.
The internal system provides for the outflow of water into the house.

The materials that make up the gutters

Before deciding what material the system will be made of and, you need to pay attention to the roof.

Production and cost of gutters

Gutter production is usually partially or fully automated. Drainage systems are made from non-toxic, durable materials. At the same time, a lot of attention is paid to design: after all, the drain is an integral part of the exterior of the house. Thanks to the variety of colors, shapes of gutters and pipes, as well as various materials, drainage systems can satisfy any customer's needs.

The cost of organized drainage depends mainly on two factors:

Brand. In addition to the brand, the products of each manufacturer differ in quality.
protective coating material. The most expensive, but also the highest quality and most durable are gutters made of metals, including aluminum, copper, steel and galvanized gutters. The best option copper is considered, since it is not afraid of corrosion and small scratches which are simply invisible. One of the cheapest, but not the worst material is PVC.

Before choosing a drainage system, you can consult with a specialist construction company or a designer, since the drain is one of the main components of the appearance of the structure.

Items you will need:

Metal or plastic pipes.
Sealant.
Gutters.
Pipe holders.
Special glue.
Special clamps.

More information about the drainage system

AT this material an external drainage device will be considered, which protects the building from various precipitations. In addition, it will be told about the structural elements in order to know which device of drainage systems would be best to choose. It is worth knowing that the external organized device Gutters is a water drainage system that is installed outside the house. External drainage systems are used to drain water from a pitched roof (with a slope of more than 15%). This drainage consists of gutters with a longitudinal slope of at least 2% and external downspouts.

The system has the following operating principle. Water from the roof slopes enters the gutters, and from there flows into the water intake funnels, which are most often located at a distance of 12-20 m from each other, after which it is discharged through downpipes, which are fixed on the outer walls of the house, into the storm sewer, drainage a well or just a big barrel. The advantage of an outdoor organized drain is that it provides protection for the roof, foundation and house from the effects of various precipitation. The external drainage device has the following disadvantages:

Snow that rolls off the roof can tear the gutters off the fixtures. In such a case, the gutter must be installed so that its outer edge is not higher than the plane that will continue the surface of the roof slope. The middle of the gutter should be vertical and just below the edge of the eaves drain so that all the water can flow straight into the gutter.
The system can be deformed directly from the action of wind or mechanical shocks.
The entire drainage system winter period time may break or it may freeze if it is not heated.

The external roof drainage system consists of:

gutters;
pipes;
collar;
water funnel.

Detailed information about gutters

Existing types of gutters for external drainage:

Cornice gutters, which are placed along the cornice overhang.
Parapet gutters that are installed in old houses. They collect water in a gutter, which is located between two parapet walls (such architectural solutions are quite rare in modern private construction). The parapet gutter is a structural element of roofs. The gutter is made of metal, and the recess into which water flows from the roofs is covered bituminous material. Water enters the weir.
Grooved gutters are capable of directing water into parapet or cornice drains. They belong to the varieties of plums at the junctions of the roof slopes.

The shape of the gutters can be selected individually, depending on the design of the building. There are the following main forms of gutters:

semicircular;
square;
embossed.

For cities that regularly get enough a large number of rainfall, heavy snowfalls and heavy showers, in addition to those in which the houses have a large area, for better drainage, builders recommend using square gutters (such a gutter has a large cross-sectional area, therefore, it is able to skip large quantity water). Embossed gutters are most often used for certain forms buildings, in addition, this form is able to protect the drain part of the gutter from leaves and other debris. So that the gutter can go around the corners of houses, special corners are included in the configuration. A plug is fixed along the edges, and in order to connect 2 gutters to each other, it is worth using a special connector.

Detailed information about downpipes

Drainpipes must be located outside the building. It is advisable to make sure that they are on the sunny side of the facade. According to the shape of the section, they are made square or round. The choice of the shape of the pipe section must be made based on overall design building and its area (the dependence will be the same as when choosing the shape of the gutter). If the area of the house is more than 200 sq. m, and in the construction area there are frequent heavy snowfalls and rains, the best choice will be square. The shape of the pipes must necessarily match the shape of the gutters. In order for the pipe to be able to bend around parts of the building that protrude, the pipe is equipped with elbows that can be bent in the lateral and frontal planes. Drain pipe diameter:

for a roof that has an area of 125 sq. m - 100 mm;
for a roof that has an area of 50 sq. m - 90 mm;
for a roof that has an area of 30 sq. m - 80 mm.

It is necessary to install downpipes at a distance of at least 30-35 mm and fasten pins with grips (pipe holders) to it using clamps. To prevent the pins from rusting, they must be galvanized or coated with some kind of anti-corrosion compound. Pipes to the wall of the building will need to be fixed with clamps. The shape of the clamp will depend on the shape of the pipe section.

The gutter hook will serve to secure the gutter to the roof, and its shape will also depend on the shape of the gutter. With the help of hooks, it is possible to provide the necessary slope to move the water in the gutters towards the water intake groove. Hooks have another name - holders. Funnels for outdoor drainage systems are designed to collect water.

The choice of drainage systems according to the material of manufacture

According to the material of manufacture, external drainage systems are:

Metal - from copper, galvanized steel, galvanized steel with a polymer coating, aluminum, titanium and zinc alloy.
Plastic - made of unplasticized polyvinyl chloride with the addition of ultraviolet and thermal stabilizers.

Regarding the choice of drainage systems, it is worth knowing that you need to make a choice between metal or plastic. In this case, by "metal" we mean precisely galvanized steel with a polymer coating. As a rule, there is no choice between plastic or copper, titanium-zinc, aluminum. This is due to the fact that the gutter from these materials can only be installed on a roof made of copper, aluminum or titanium-zinc, respectively. Application aluminum systems possible with a complex roof configuration. This is due to the fact that it bends quite easily. When choosing between plastic and uncoated galvanizing, it is worth understanding that:

the cost of galvanizing and plastic is practically the same (plastic is 10-12% more expensive);
mounting plastic systems much easier installation galvanization;
plastic systems can be scratched during installation, but galvanized ones cannot.

It is worth knowing that the installation of plastic systems can be done easily, while it is much more difficult to install galvanized with a polymer coating. Plastic reacts less to various aggressive influences (factories nearby, the sea, and so on). The galvanized system can be installed at a temperature of -10 degrees Celsius, plastic - at a maximum of -5 degrees Celsius.

The plastic system is quite fragile in frost, and therefore it can burst from the pressure of snow.

Metal systems will be much more relevant to use in those regions in which a sufficiently large amount of various precipitation falls.

How is the drainage device

Holders are fastened with a step of 500-600 mm. The first and last is mounted under a slope. For more precise fixing at the lower points, you need to pull the cord to determine the location of the remaining holders.
Installing the gutter of drainage systems determines the correct operation of the entire water drainage complex. The outer part of the gutter should be located at a distance of 25 mm from the roof plane. The gutter must be mounted in a holder, and the joints must be connected into a lock using a sealant. Laying is carried out starting from the funnel.
For better collection of precipitation, a dropper is installed with fixation on the truss system, after which it is lowered into the gutter by 2 cm. Sealant or special glue should be used to mount the plug.
When mounting the funnel, oblique cuts are made at the installation site. The edges of the funnel are connected to the front and back edges of the gutter using glue.
Pipes must be connected to each other and fixed in the funnel with special clamps. A 2 mm gap should be left between their elements.

To drain the collected precipitation from the foundation of the building, you will need to arrange a small storm receiver in the place where the sedimentary water pours out of the drainpipe, and using ordinary plastic pipes, take it to the other end of the existing area to the filter well that was dug in advance, or simply direct him to the street.

A pit can serve as a storm receiver, which you will need to concrete or use completely ready-made building elements, which you can easily buy in ordinary hardware stores. The second construction option is simpler, but more expensive.

Drainage from the roof is a system that is mandatory in the construction of buildings. Its main duty is to collect and remove rainwater away from the foundation, melt water flowing down from the slopes of the roof. Usually, the drainage system begins to be assembled during the construction process. roof structure before the assembly of the crate. Although situations often occur when the roof is already covered with roofing, and the drain has not been collected. An example is the replacement of an old drainage system with a new one.

Before moving on to the topic of the article, let's consider what the elements of the drain are, what materials they are made of today.

What is a drain

The system consists of two main elements:

Gutters (trays), which are mounted under the overhang of the eaves.
Pipes that are attached to the walls of the building in a vertical position.

An example of a roof gutter system

Additionally, the composition includes:

Gutter system material

More recently, the main raw material from which gutters were made was metal, more precisely, galvanized sheet. Even earlier, gutters were made from ordinary steel sheet which was dyed. The latter gradually went out of circulation. Galvanization is still used today, because the material has a presentable appearance, copes well with natural loads and has good technical characteristics.

Scientific and technological progress does not stand still, and today the question of what to make a drain from means the possibility of choosing from several materials. To pure galvanization, galvanized metal is added, coated polymer composition and pure plastic. Consider their pros and cons.

Plastic

A big plus of plastic is that the material does not corrode when it comes into contact with water. Hence the long service life. Other advantages of the plastic drainage system include:

the ability to operate under almost any temperature conditions;
one hundred percent inertness to ultraviolet;
presentable appearance, indicated by huge possibilities in terms of color design;
lightness of construction.

The only thing they fear plastic products - impact loads, under the action of which they crack and become unusable.

About plastic brackets. It will not be possible to bend them, to give the necessary shape to the mount. In this regard, metal ones are better, they are easier to customize. Therefore, when installing plastic brackets, it is necessary to accurately install them on the frontal board, taking into account the landing site and the height of the roof overhang. True, today manufacturers offer adjustable products in which you can change the angle of inclination using a swivel. A good option, which proved that in the category of plastic brackets it is the most convenient.

Metal coated

According to their characteristics, in terms of service life, the products will not yield to plastic ones. But there is one serious drawback - polymer layer. It is not strong enough and can be easily scratched or peeled off with little effort using a sharp tool. Therefore, it is important not to spoil the protective polymer coating during the installation of the gutter on the roof.

Metal gutter systems with polymer coating

There is no protective layer even on a meager area, you get a defect through which to sheet metal water starts to seep in. The consequence is metal corrosion, reduced service life.

Other options

It should be noted that on the market you can find exclusive water drainage systems made of copper or aluminum alloys, titanium and zinc. Firstly, the products are marked by long-term operation of the structure and increased reliability. Secondly, a design approach to solving the problem of decorating the facade of a house. But exclusive gutters are not cheap, so they are rarely purchased by the general mass of consumers.

Bracket types

This fastener There are three types on the market:

Ways to install gutters

In the section we will not talk about how to properly install gutters. Here we denote the situations that arise during the construction of this system. The first situation is installation when the rafters are installed, but the crate is not installed.

It's simple correct option. The brackets are attached to rafter legs, usually on top of the upper plane, but it is possible from the side, from below, bending the device to the required angle. Side fastening can be used if the thickness of the rafters is not less than 50 mm, the width is not less than 150 mm. Often, the installation is carried out on the first element of the crate at the eaves, which is also considered right approach to the construction of the sewer.

An example of attaching brackets to rafter legs

If the roofing material has already been laid on the roof and fixed, then the methods for attaching the brackets are as follows::

Rules and stages of installation of the drainage system

Before you install the drain, you need to prepare everything. Buying a drainage system. What is included in it was described above. Now you need to decide on the number of each element.

The number of gutters is determined by the length of the slopes. They have a standard length of 3 m. For example, if the length of one slope along the eaves is 10 m, then you will have to buy 4 trays. The latter must be cut to the required size.

The number of vertical pipes depends on the height of the building, the distance of the drain from the ground and the length of the slopes.. Here are the following positions: the distance from the ground to the end of the drain is 25 cm, the distance between the risers is 12 m. The standard length of one downpipe is 3 m. For example, the height of the wall to the roof overhang is 4 m. Subtract from this size the length of the drain pipe and 25 see to the ground. It turns out the length of the pipe riser is 3.5 m.

illustrative example by the number of placed drain risers

With regards to the number of risers. The maximum distance between them is 12 m.

The length of the slope is 10 m, you can install one riser from one edge and direct the gutters in its direction.
The length of the slope is more than 12 m, but not more than 24 m, two risers are installed along the edges of the roof, which means that their total length is 7 m.
The length of the overhang is more than 24 m, three downpipes are mounted.

With regards to the rest of the elements of the drainage system.

Dimensions of elements of the drainage system

Dimensional parameters of trays and pipes - important criterion, which defines efficient work the whole structure. Because the roof and the drain are united by one factor - water draining along the roof. The larger its volume, the larger the section should be selected elements. Incorrect selection leads to overflow of water over the edges, and these are poured walls and foundations.

There are certain standards that use the ratio of the area of the roof slope and the diameters of pipes and trays. They are shown in the table.

Here it is necessary to understand that the selection of the dimensions of the elements of the system depends only on the area from which water is drained into them. For example, the length of the slope is 24 m, which means that 2 risers are installed along its edges. total area the slope will have to be divided by "2". It is this parameter that must be taken into account when selecting the dimensions of the tray and pipe.

Instrument preparation

Before you install the gutters, you need to prepare the tools. Depending on the choice: plastic or metal, the equipment of the tool arsenal depends.

So, you will need:

hacksaw for metal;
metal scissors;
perforator for drilling walls for mounting risers;
screwdriver
long cord, tape measure, pencil;
level, plumb;
pliers;
mallet, hammer;
ladder.

Cut metal gutters grinder is prohibited, so it was not included in the list of required tools. At a high speed of rotation of the cutting disc, metal cutting is accompanied by the release of high temperature. This leads to a violation of the protective zinc layer.. This means that the place of the cut is an area that will quickly begin to corrode. With regards to plastic, at the point of cutting with a grinder, the material melts, losing its properties and parameters.

Mounting sequence

Everything is ready, you can proceed to the installation work. The gutter is a gravity-flowing system, so it is important to correctly set the gutters at a certain angle. Its value is 3–5 mm per meter of the length of the gutter structure. For understanding, we denote that one end of a tray 1 m long should be 3–5 mm lower than the other. For example, the length of the roof slope is 10 m, one edge of the gutter structure relative to the other should be 3–5 cm lower.

Gutter slope options

Based on this, marks are made at the corners of the slope, where the places of the two extreme brackets are determined. Self-tapping screws are screwed into the frontal board or nails are driven in, between which a strong cord is pulled. This will be the hook installation line.

How to do it right to accurately determine the installation locations of the two extreme hooks.

The first top is set from the bottom edge roofing material at a distance of 4–5 cm.
The exact distance from the nail driven into the designated point to the edge of the roofing material is measured.
The resulting size is transferred to the other edge of the slope with the addition of a slope based on the length of the overhang.

Experienced craftsmen do not always use nails or self-tapping screws to install the cord. They immediately attach the brackets, avoiding unnecessary operations. If both end brackets are screwed to the supporting base, you can proceed to the installation of other hooks. It is important to install the latter so that they are oriented relative to the cord with the same details as the first two installed devices.

There is one more thing to consider when installing brackets. The result should be that the edges of the roofing material overlap the gutter by a maximum of one third of its width. It is this arrangement that can guarantee the exact entry of flowing water into the tray without overflowing over the edge.

So, the brackets are installed exactly on the level, you can remove the cord and proceed to laying the gutters.

Installation of a grooved structure

In principle, you can start laying the gutters from any side. It is recommended to start from the location of the downpipes. In this place, two systems will be connected: horizontal and vertical. The element connecting them is a funnel. Therefore, first the gutter is adjusted to the funnel and the place where the hole will be made in the tray is determined.

It is made with a hacksaw. You just need to make a cut at an angle on both sides, taking into account the distance between the cuts, equal to the diameter of the pipe. It is recommended to process the cut edges so that there are no bumps, burrs.

Sawing holes for the funnel and its installation

A plug is put on the extreme chute. This can be done on an already mounted structure. But before installation, it is more convenient to do this. The edge of the grooved part is inserted into the groove of the plug, where a rubber cuff is located inside, ensuring the tightness of the joint. Now the gutters can be laid alternately with overlapping edges of each joint. The overlap size is 5-10 cm. Many manufacturers of plastic trays today offer connecting elements, which are gutters 25 cm long, complete with rubber cuffs like stubs. By inserting two grooves from different sides of the connecting device, you get a sealed joint.

Exactly the same designs are made and funnels. Using them, there is no need to cut holes in the gutters. The latter are simply connected by a funnel to each other. Simple and convenient.

With regards to fastening the gutters to the brackets. Here are different fastening technologies. Two types are most commonly used:

clamps with throwing the element through the gutter, used to use ordinary wire;
clamps that fasten the edges of the gutters, they are flexible and look like hooks.

Installation of gutter risers

The process can be described as follows: the risers are strictly vertical and attached to the wall of the house with clamps. First, clamps are installed. From the center of the funnel nozzle, it is necessary to lower a vertical line along the wall with a plumb line. It is better to beat it off on the wall surface. Optimally - install fasteners of this type at the junction of two pipes, a pipe and a drain.

The first collar is attached to the wall at a distance of 30–50 cm from the ground, taking into account the distance from the drain to the ground and the size of the drain pipe itself. Fastening is done with self-tapping screws in plastic dowels, so holes are made in the wall at the installation points, where the latter are driven with a hammer.

Please note that the clamp should be located below any joint at a distance of approximately 10 cm.

The assembly of the riser itself is the installation of pipes in clamps and their connection to each other by means of a sealant or special connecting pipe elements with rubber cuffs (two-way couplings). In the first case, it is a socket connection, which is often used when assembling a sewer system.

Installation process couplings

If the riser is located far from the wall, then it is connected to the funnel with two bends (elbows). Therefore, first, branches are installed on the funnel to the wall, on which a vertical line is then beaten off with its exact passage through the center of the section of the lower branch.

Sometimes two elbows do not fit together with branch pipes. The reason is the wide overhang of the roof. Between them it is necessary to install a pipe segment, which is cut out of the pipe element of the riser. The distance between the branch pipes is measured, and 3–4 cm are added to the obtained value on each side. The allowances are the connecting edges for entering the bends. Important - it is necessary to correctly connect both outlets through the cut pipe to each other. First, a pipe segment is put on the upper outlet, that is, the elbow pipe must be inside it. Then, a branch pipe of the second elbow is put on the second free end of the pipe section. The first must be inside the second. Both joints are treated with sealant.

DIY Installation Video Instructions

Conclusion

So, we have analyzed the topic of how to properly install a drainage system. Materials for manufacturing, elements and assembly technology were disassembled. Despite the apparent simplicity of the installation process, this is not an easy undertaking. It requires care and precision. The main thing is to accurately mark the location of the gutters. Because it is easier to make a drain, that is, to assemble it, if calculations and markings are correctly performed.

The roof of the house collects rain and melt water from a fairly large surface. How more area roof, the greater the amount of water discharged from the roof per unit time. It is necessary to organize the drainage of water from the roof so that it does not flood the walls of the house, does not soak the soil on which the foundation of the house rests, and does not create “rivers and lakes” on the site.

The method of draining water from the roof is chosen depending on the design of the roof, aesthetic preferences and the construction budget.

Gutter systems from gutters and pipes

The most popular solution for draining water from the roof is a gutter system, the main elements of which are overhead gutters and downspouts.

In the composition of the drainage system, each manufacturer also usually includes corner elements, protective nets, revisions, fastening details - brackets, holders, clamps, etc.

The maximum size of the gutter in the cross section is usually within 100 - 150 mm., and downspout 70 - 100 mm. Gutters are produced different shapes: semi-circular, semi-oval, trapezoidal, rectangular or more complex shape. The shape of the downspouts must match the shape of the gutter. The shape of the gutter is usually chosen for aesthetic reasons. All elements of the system are easily joined to each other and with correct installation drain water properly.

Gutter parts can be made of PVC-plastic, galvanized steel, aluminium, copper or titanium-zinc alloy. For economy class houses usually use plastic or steel gutters. Systems from other materials are much more expensive.

Pros and cons of a PVC plastic gutter system

The gutter system made of PVC plastic has the following advantages:

Has the minimum cost in comparison with systems from metal.
Extraordinarily smooth surface gutters and pipes prevents the accumulation of dirt.
High resistance to corrosion.
Simple installation that does not require high qualifications and special expensive devices. It is possible to assemble a drain from plastic with your own hands. It is only necessary to follow the manufacturer's recommendations.
Details are painted over in mass, so scratches on its surface are hardly noticeable.

When choosing a drainage system made of plastic, one should also take into account its following features:

Not very high resistance to low and high temperatures. Working temperature parts from -30 o C to +60 o C. At low temperatures, plastic elements become more brittle.
When the temperature changes, the coefficient of linear expansion of plastic parts is 7 times greater than that of steel. In the manufacture and installation of plastic gutters take special measures, allowing parts to change dimensions without destroying them.
Under the action of significant mechanical loads on the drainage system plastic parts cracked and destroyed, and the metal ones are crushed.

Gutter elements made of galvanized steel often have a polymer coating of a wide range of colors, which makes it easy to match the color of the gutters to the color of the facade or roof. Parts of the system made of steel with a polymer coating are interconnected by locks or brackets with latches through rubber gaskets.

In the conditions of Russian snowy winters icing often forms on roof eaves, gutters and downpipes. Ice prevents water runoff from the roof, clogs gutters and pipes. Under the weight of the ice, the gutters and pipes are deformed and destroyed.

To protect against ice, increase durability and trouble-free operation of gutters, heating cables are mounted on the roof overhang, in gutters and pipes. The heating system adds a significant amount to the cost of constructing gutters. Plus, the annual cost of electricity.

Calculation of the dimensions of gutters and pipes

To select the dimensions of the elements of the roof gutter system, the effective area of the slope from which water is drained is determined by the formula:

Se=(b+h/2)*c,

where: b- horizontal distance from the cornice overhang to the roof ridge; h- roof height; with- the length of the roof slope along the midline. All dimensions are in meters.

If the slope area Se from which water is drained, less than 57 m 2, then a chute with a diameter of 100 mm. and downpipe with a diameter of 70 mm.

With slope area Se up to 97 m 2, the diameter of the gutter is increased to 125 mm. Gutters with a diameter of 150 mm. will provide water drainage from a slope with an area Se no more than 170 m 2. Downpipes in the last two cases, it is enough to choose a diameter of 100 mm.

Installation of roof drains - gutters and pipes

It is quite possible for the developer to carry out the installation of drainage gutters and downpipes on the roof on their own.

Three ways to install hanger gutter brackets.

For high-quality installation of gutters, it is necessary:

Carefully study the manufacturer's instructions for installing the gutter system and carefully follow the recommendations set out in the manual.

Gutter brackets and pipe holders should be installed at a distance no more than specified in the installation manual. Usually the pitch of the brackets for the gutters is 0.35-0.5 m.

Be sure to ensure the slope of the gutters in the direction of the downpipe 0.5 - 2% (5 - 20 mm. for 1 m. gutter length). With such an inclination the gutters will clean themselves rain water flow. The minimum slope of the gutter is not less than 0.2% (20 mm. 10 meters long).

The edge of the gutter must be at least 3 cm. below the roof plane, otherwise sliding off the roof snow will damage the gutter.

The outer edge of the gutter must be placed from the roof overhang at a distance of 1/2 - 2/3 of the width of the gutter, then water will always fall into the gutter.

On steep roof slopes, it may not be possible to fulfill the last two conditions. In this case to protect against snow, barriers must be installed on the roof for his arrest.

The outer edge of the gutter is located just below the inner one, then the water overflowing over the edge of the gutter during heavy rain will not fall on the facade.

When installing gutters at the joints, keep the thermal gaps recommended by the manufacturer of the drainage system. Gutters and pipes when temperature changes must be able to move freely- do not clamp them strongly at the attachment points.

Correct orientation of the suspended gutter in relation to the edge of the roof.

To prevent snow sliding from the roof from damaging the gutter, its edge must be located at 3 cm. below the roof.

Details of the drainage system from pvc plastic are interconnected through rubber sealing gaskets or glued together.

When assembling the system, consider outdoor temperature air at the time of installation. At temperatures below -10 ° C, plastic becomes brittle. In addition, when cutting gutters, their length should be corrected, taking into account the subsequent change in linear dimensions with temperature fluctuations.

The gutter, with temperature fluctuations, changes its length, moving along rubber seals at the joints.

Where to divert water from downpipes further?

The best solution is to connect downpipes to any closed water collection and drainage system. It could be:

Underground drainage system for draining the site. Drainpipe connected to outlet drainage system through a collection well check valve preventing the flow of rainwater into the drainage pipes;
Storm sewerage for collection and drainage of water from the surface of the site;
A special system for collecting and storing rain and melt water for the purpose of its further use for irrigation and other household needs.
Sewerage system for household wastewater. With a centralized sewerage system, it is necessary to obtain permission to receive an additional amount of waste from the owner of the network (as a rule, they are allowed for an additional fee).

The rainwater inlet of the roof gutter system of a private house is equipped with a debris trap, which must be regularly cleaned through the hatch.

Downspouts are connected to the inlet pipes of closed systems storm sewer through special devices - storm water inlets.

These devices collect large debris (leaves, etc.), and they may also have a valve that prevents air (odors) from escaping from the sewer system. The rainwater inlet has a hatch through which you will periodically have to remove the debris accumulated there.

The removal of rainwater through closed sewerage systems significantly increases the cost of building a house.

Most often, in economy class houses, they are used to receive and drain water flowing from a drainpipe, surface drainage trays.

From the drainpipe, water enters drainage tray blind areas of a private house

Such trays are usually arranged not only to drain water from the roof, but also to collect and drain surface runoff from blind areas and other hard-surfaced areas. Discharge of water from the trays can be carried out on the relief of the site in convenient location away from buildings or into a drainage well.

Drainage trays are usually made in place of concrete or used ready systems drainage from concrete, plastic or metal. Ready-made surface drainage systems are available for sale different manufacturers. The main elements of such systems are trays and removable grilles that cover the tray from above.

A drainage device is installed on the drainpipes, which directs rain water into a nearby container, a barrel. The device blocks the flow of water into the tank if it is completely filled.

A decorative container for collecting and storing water from downpipes can become a home decoration.

Gutters in your city

Gutters. id=13021032

Rain chain - original gutter

AT one-story houses instead of traditional downpipes, a chain can be attached to the gutters, along which water will flow.

Rain chains are extremely popular in Japan, where they are decorated with a variety of decorative elements. Chains are made from various materials, the links can have a complex spatial shape and alternate with decorative bowls and other elements. The lower and upper ends of the chain must be secured so that the chain remains taut.

When using rain chains for water drainage, the roof overhang should be increased - the distance from the wall of the house to the chain should be at least 0.5 m, or the wall should be additionally protected from moisture splashing.

Drainage above-wall overhead gutters on the eaves of the roof

In the drainage system described above, gutter trays are suspended from the roof eaves. Such gutters when exposed to ice and snow are easily deformed, displaced, damaged or clogged. The relatively small slope of the chute, the narrow and deep opening of the tray make it difficult to self-clean from debris.

In operation, the variant of the gutter system with an overhead overhead gutter on the eaves of the roof delivers less hassle.

Unfortunately, elements of such a factory-made gutter system are not often found on sale.

Usually, in place, on the edge of the roof, a cornice overhang (pos. 5) is made of galvanized iron and a wall overhead gutter (pos. 2) is fixed on top. Water from the gutter flows into the inlet funnel of the drainpipe, (pos.4). It is clear that the manufacture of parts from ordinary gray, without color polymer coating, galvanized iron reduces the decorative effect of the roof.

Overhead gutters on slopes with a slight slope or small accumulation of snow can act as snow retainers.

Due to the increased consumption of metal, a drainage system with overhead gutters is usually more expensive, than hanging ones. However, the greater durability and reliability of overhead gutters, the ability, in some cases, to abandon the installation of snow guards and electrical heating devices, make such gutters are quite competitive.

Free drainage from the roof is not the cheapest solution

Among some developers, there is an opinion that the cheapest thing to do is to let the water flow freely from the roof directly to the blind area and further to the ground.

You can not make a special device for collecting and draining water from the roof of the house, provided:

Increase the overhang of the roof edge from the wall to 0.6 m.
Perform reinforced waterproofing of the foundation and basement walls to a height of at least 0.5 m. above the surface of the blind area;
Lining the plinth to the indicated height with a non-absorbent material with high frost resistance (for example, clinker brick or tiles, natural stone, basement siding).
Ensure the slope of the blind area around the house and the surface of the site away from the house by a few percent.

Calculate the cost of these additional work and you make sure that installing a gutter system to collect and drain water from the roof will be cheaper.

By arranging a free drain without the above measures, you run the risk of significantly reducing the durability of the walls of the house and the basement, reducing the bearing capacity of soils under the foundation due to their soaking.

In addition, unorganized water flows through the site reduce the comfort of using the territory. The blind area is often used as a footpath. With free drainage from the roof, such a path will become impassable during rain.

Free drain is usually used on separate sections the perimeter of the roof of the house and outbuildings. To collect water along the edge of the blind area, it is recommended to arrange a tray. The system for collecting water in a tray at the edge of the blind area is less sensitive to the effects of ice and snow, to clogging with debris, and is easier to clean than a gutter system on the roof.

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