Living room extension to the house. Extension to the house - the most interesting projects and the main types of extensions (130 photos)

Over time, private facilities need to be enlarged for completely different reasons. For example, an increase in the number of people living, equipping the house with sewage, or the desire to enclose the front door from direct cold air. Because of this, there is a need for another room, or an extension kitchen area, bathroom, or just an extension of the veranda. A frame extension is what you need.

Frame extension to wooden house

Building a frame extension is perfect solution problems with the need to expand the area. Do-it-yourself extension to the house is usually made of timber, brick or in a combined version. In order not to have to make changes, it is best to initially think through all the features of the structure, because each needs an individual approach.

Additional living room

If there is a need to add another room, you need to try, because all these actions are tantamount to building a small house.

If a living room is planned, then it must be insulated, heating, internal and exterior finish

The whole building must be insulated, otherwise the heating will be absolutely useless. It is also necessary to carry out waterproofing so that there is no problem with dampness and fungus.

Bathroom or kitchen

Before you install the foundation, they bring to the construction site engineering Communication. Sometimes you have to separately conduct plumbing.

In addition, it is necessary to pay attention to the insulation of absolutely all the details of the building and think over a thorough waterproofing of the floor in advance.

Veranda

A simple structure that is built to protect the main entrance to the building from rain and wind, and is also used in summer time of the year.

An extension to the house can be in the form of a veranda

It can be closed or open. This building does not need special insulation, however, waterproofing is mandatory in any case.

Create a construction project

In the event that the site has big square, then there will be no problems with the construction of the extension, even if it is planned to do all the work with your own hands. In order not to be mistaken with the required area of \u200b\u200bthe annex, it is imperative to draw up a thorough plan.

First, design an extension in the program or on a sheet of paper, calculate the costs

Here are a few key tips to keep in mind when planning:

Accurately determine the purpose of the extension. This will not necessarily be a living space, it is likely that a person needs a veranda, a garage, or just a separate place like a personal workshop. All subsequent nuances of construction work will directly depend on this choice: the amount of materials, area, number of openings and much more.
Another circumstance can be called the presence of communications in the designed construction site.
In addition to the number of materials, you also need to know their type. Thus, it will be possible to calculate the cost of future construction and take care of the quality, which affects the service life.

Thus, an extension made of timber needs a foundation corresponding to that which is under the main structure. If the house was built with his own hands, then the owner of the building knows exactly what kind of foundation it is. Therefore, it will not be particularly difficult to make such a one.

The main nuances you need to know:

the size of the foundation and the depth of the laying of the foundation;
material and the right solution.

As a result, it will be necessary to tie the foundation being built to the existing one. After this stage, you can build walls. When the owner of the house does not have any information about the foundation, then studies are carried out to help choose the material and installation. After pouring the foundation, you need to wait a period of about 30 days for it to harden and become strong. Individual attention should be paid to the junctions of only the base made to the old one.

Pile foundation can be done even in winter

You can make a pile element, its installation is not associated with those already built.

Construction of extension walls

After the foundation is ready, they begin to equip the walls - 3 walls, because the 4th is already there, the one to which the room is attached. However, there are also such options when 2 walls are enough, it all depends on the design of the building. An extension to a wooden house, usually, is not difficult at all. Metal plates and other specialized parts are used as fasteners.

pie wall frame house not much different from the wall of the extension, if it is a living room

If additional area from a bar, then you need to consider that the size of the material should not be less than 200 by 200 millimeters, in the case when it is planned permanent residence. It is required to know that the beam is a rather heavy material, and subsequently it shrinks. Only at the end this process you can qualitatively and firmly fix the new building to the house itself.

Regarding the time it takes to shrink, this is about a year, or a little more. The duration of this period is affected by the area of the extension, the quality of the material, as well as the condition of the building to which the extension was made. The main rule in this matter is not to rush.

The frame of the shield is slightly subject to shrinkage if the timber used has been dried to the required level.

At the end of shrinkage, the initially delivered fixing materials are removed and fixed in a new place. During the period of precipitation, the structure should be insulated with felt, cotton wool, or some other material.

News construction works can all year round, in winter, prices for building materials and work are several times cheaper

To improve the quality of thermal insulation and give good appearance joints, a special element of wood is used. At the moment of shrinkage, it may shift slightly, so there is a need to remove and strengthen again.

Do not forget about the roof to the extension, it can be made a continuation of the roof of the house, flush with the wall or with an overhang - everything is at the discretion of the owner or designer

When the size of the house is increased, the question of roofing arises. Everything happens in the usual way by standard technology. The approximate order of the roof is as follows:

First of all, equip the truss system. Do not forget about compliance with all load characteristics.
At the end of the installation of the rafters, they proceed to the creation of the crate, using bars and slats. Instead of this design, solid flooring is sometimes performed - boards or plywood are suitable as a building material.
Fronton cladding.
Hemming of cornices.
Installation of wind elements.
Direct installation of the roof. The material is chosen independently, based on personal palatability the owner of the house.

Next - floor, ceiling and other internal Finishing work. Installation of openings is not particularly difficult. If the extension to a wooden house is made of the same material, then other details are best done using lumber.

Features of the construction of an extension

Consider important tips builders who are experienced specialists in this field:

Actions with the tree must be performed in the cold season. When work is carried out at such times, the weather helps to reduce the shrinkage time.
The thermal insulation of a structure made of timber is most appropriate inside. So neat is kept appearance the buildings. You can also save a lot on the number of insulating material.
We should not forget that an extension to a wooden house needs to be coated with an antibacterial agent that has protective characteristics from the effects of moisture. Refractory treatment is a must in this type of construction.
It is best if the number of metal fasteners is kept to a minimum. With all this, it is worth stopping at galvanized. This is very important in order to protect the extension to the wooden house from corrosion.

The frame extension, the construction of which takes place quite quickly, can be erected by everyone.

The extension can be designed in the general style of the facade of the house and will not stand out outwardly

An extension to a wooden house, if all standards are met, will last long time and it's not hard to build.

If you decide that there is not enough veranda in the house or in the country house, then it can always be completed. But first, ask yourself: why do you need an additional outbuilding? If it is purely for relaxation against the backdrop of nature, then it makes sense to get by with an open terrace or gazebo. The veranda is being built to increase the thermal insulation of the house, because it plays the role of a vestibule between the street and the front door, blocking the direct entry of cold masses into the premises. The side function of the extension - to be a place of rest - will be performed only if the room is spacious and insulated. Then in winter you can sit with a cup of tea, contemplating the winter landscapes. Let's try to figure out how best to attach a veranda to the house so that it is warm in winter and maximum air in summer.

Since the veranda will become part of the main building, its style should match the design of the house itself. It is recommended to use the same materials that make up the walls and roof of the house so that the building looks harmonious.

If used in home decoration modern materials, then the glass veranda looks quite appropriate

You can also combine materials, connecting the house and the veranda with the help of decoration. For example, if the house is brick, keep the same roofing, and make the walls of the veranda from blocks, but finish the exterior with decorative plaster and finish the foundation of the main building with it. To wooden country house definitely worth attaching a wooden veranda.

FROM best ideas for the design of the veranda can be found in the material:

Wooden house and veranda look like a single ensemble

Planning and legalization of the project

The veranda is always built so as to close the front door. Therefore, in already finished house you can't put it on the side you want. Without an entrance inside, this room will be torn off from the house, and food and tea from the kitchen will have to be brought into it across the street.

The owners themselves come up with the dimensions of the veranda, taking into account the number of people who could relax in it at the same time. For the needs of a family of 5-6 people, a 3x4 m building is enough. But here it is worth considering general form from the street. If you think of a small veranda, and the cottage itself is two-story, then it is unlikely that your architectural ensemble will look harmonious. But for small houses, you can just attach a veranda to the entire width of the wall of the building. This will increase the usable area, and from the outside it looks quite decent.

But for any footage, you will have to officially legalize the building. And not after construction, but before! When you come up with the design of the veranda and estimate its general appearance, go to a special building design department and order a veranda project. After its manufacture, one must go to the architectural department of the city in order to obtain a building permit and make changes to the project of the house. Why is it important to do this ahead of time? It takes about 2 months for the project and approval, so it is better if they fall in the winter, when the construction season has not yet begun.

Marking and laying out the site

Before you start work, you need to prepare the site. To do this, remove the fertile layer (about 15 cm) and take it to the garden or flower beds. The site is leveled and staking is started. According to the dimensions specified in the project, mark the boundaries of the future veranda. To do this, iron pins or wooden pegs are driven into the corners of the building and twine is pulled tightly around the perimeter.

The outer edge of the breakdown should match the dimensions of the veranda, and the inner edge should be retreated to the width of the foundation

Creating a Foundation: Pour Rules

Most often in Russia, for a veranda attached to a house, they make a tape or columnar foundation, equal in depth to the foundation of the main building. At the same time, it is recommended not to tie them into one monolith, because the house and the veranda have different weights, which means that varying degrees shrinkage. And so that a heavy building does not pull a light building behind it, put the veranda on a separate base. To do this, a gap of up to 4 cm is left between the foundation of the house and the veranda.

Attention! When creating the foundation you should take into account the characteristics of the soil in your area and the total weight of the building. Lightweight foundations on heaving soils can “play”, and then the veranda will move away from the wall of the main building. Moreover, they are not designed for heavy walls, for example, from a brick, and can shrink under their pressure.

It is used for the construction of large verandas made of bricks or blocks, which are covered with a heavy roof (slate, metal tiles, etc.). The easiest way is to build a strip foundation for a veranda to a concrete house.

On the strip foundation the heaviest veranda will stand

For this:

A trench is being dug (calculate the dimensions according to the foundation of the house).
The formwork is placed at a height equal to the height of the future foundation (or slightly higher). It is made from boards, knocked down into shields.
Concrete is prepared in the following proportion: 1 part of cement, 3 parts of sand and 6 parts of crushed stone.
The first layer of concrete is poured to the bottom and reinforced with stones to make about 10 cm.
Then the next portion is poured, stones are added again, etc.
For the top layer of concrete, stones are not used, but the surface is leveled with a trowel and left to dry (3-4 days).
If it’s hot, then they spill it a couple of times a day to avoid cracking the foundation.

If the veranda is frame or wooden, then you can put it on a columnar foundation. To protect against heaving of the soil, dig holes to a depth below the freezing of the soil in your area (more than a meter). For a small and light veranda, it is enough to put posts only in the corners. For a large one, it is worth making a series of intermediate posts with a step of 50-60 cm between them.

Column foundation can be made of concrete, blocks or red brick

Work progress:

Holes are being dug.
The bottom of each of them is covered with a 20-cm layer of sand.
Concrete is poured to the surface of the earth and is expected to dry.
Coat the finished post with bitumen and fill the gaps between it and the ground with sand.
The above-ground part of the column is created from brick or block masonry, bringing it to the height of the main foundation or slightly lower. Be guided so that about 30 cm remains to the finishing floor of the veranda.

Subfloor installation

Work order:

We fill the space of the subfloor with expanded clay for insulation.
We cover the foundation with a double layer of roofing material (both tape and columnar).
We fix the logs on the foundation, having previously smeared them with an antiseptic.
Laying edged boards(thickness 5 cm).

Logs are pre-impregnated with an antiseptic composition

You can also make a concrete floor, but in this case you will have to carry out additional thermal insulation works because the base will draw cold from the ground and the floor on the veranda will be constantly cold.

The construction of the frame of a wooden veranda

Consider how to build a wooden veranda. To do this, they mount a frame of bars, 10x10 cm in size. Work procedure:

On the finished draft floor, bars are placed for the lower strapping, connecting in the corners with a “straight lock”.
Cut out in the bars every half a meter grooves for uprights.
They put racks, fixing them with nails and staples.
A beam for the upper strapping is attached to the racks from above.
Near the slope of the roof of the house, a beam-girder is nailed, on which the rafters will lie. It must be taken to the anchor bolts (and all the posts adjacent to the building).
The truss system is installed.
The whole tree is treated with an antiseptic.

Material on the construction of a veranda in a frame-type cottage will also be useful:

The bars for the lower strapping are laid on a foundation waterproofed with roofing material

A rafter system is attached to the bars of the upper trim

Design features of the roofing pie

Most often, roofs are made single-pitched. At the same time, they are more sloping than the roofs on the house. Creation roofing cake on the veranda is carried out in the same way as the installation of the roof of an ordinary house.

A continuous or intermittent crate is stuffed onto the rafters, depending on the roofing.

Only if you have an attic-type house, then you made a vapor barrier with one of the layers. In the veranda, vapor barrier is not needed, because the under-roof space will not be used. In addition, with high-quality insulation of walls and floors, the vapor barrier layer is contraindicated. After all, a couple of the premises must go somewhere. And it will seep through the ceiling to the attic, and from there - volatilize outside. To do this, it is worth laying a special super-diffusion membrane as a waterproofing layer, which does not let moisture in from the outside, but the steam from the inside passes freely. True, it is not used for steel and metal coatings, because they can rust from condensation. For metal tiles buy a special condensate film.

Superdiffusion membrane consists of microscopic funnel-like pores

Wall cladding and window installation

After creating the draft floors, you can sew up the frame, leaving openings for windows and doors. For this:

In the locations of the windows we install window sill, which should be about half a meter from the floor. We fix the board to the vertical posts.
We sew up the frame with materials that will keep warm and fit the main building. From the inside it can be plywood, and on top of it - lining, outside - or wood. But be sure to lay a layer of insulation between them and waterproofing film(on both sides of the insulation), so that moisture from the street and steam from the inside does not penetrate into it. Don't forget to leave window openings.

After you have made the frame of the veranda to the house, insert windows and doors.

When installing vertical racks, a step is made between them equal to the width of the windows

It is better to sew up the walls on both sides, laying insulation inside

Also, you need to pay attention that the door should not be located opposite inner door leading to the house. Otherwise, drafts cannot be avoided. It is best to do it from the end so that cold air, which flew in when opening, did not find its way into the living quarters.

Features of creating a brick or block veranda

If the veranda is attached to brick house, then it is logical that its walls are made of bricks or blocks, ennobling them with decorative plasters.

The brick veranda must have a solid foundation, as the construction will be heavy.

Mounting Tips:

It is better to put the extension on a strip foundation.
Take on the masonry yourself only if you have building skills.
Since the building will not be large, half-brick laying is enough, and inside put in blocks.
Fill the voids with expanded clay.
They trim such a veranda with drywall or plaster it, and then paint it.

Pay special attention to the insulation of each structural element. Even those owners who first put up an uninsulated veranda look for ways to make it warmer after a couple of seasons. Because freezing corners and frosted doors are not very pleasing to the eye. But in Russia harsh winters Not unusual.

Some time after the construction of the house, often, there is a need to expand usable area. The only way out of this situation is the construction of an extension to a wooden house. With proper design of the structure and the selection of appropriate materials, this event can be performed independently.

What do you need to know?

The construction of any object requires the creation of a project based on calculations. The construction of an extension to a wooden house is no exception. In doing so, provision should be made for constructive solution, which would exclude the occurrence of cracks. When choosing architectural form extensions, one should not forget about the need to create a unified complex in style.

In addition, it should be understood that the construction of an extension must be agreed with the relevant organization and have all the necessary accompanying documentation. Otherwise, the constructed object will be considered a self-construction and in the future the developer will have to decide the issue of legalizing it.

Types of extensions

Before starting the construction of an extension to a wooden house, you should study possible options structures and technological features their construction. After analyzing the information, the choice of materials and technology of work is greatly simplified. This approach will allow you to harmoniously connect the extension with an existing building.

Canopy. This is the simplest extension design. It is necessary to protect the porch and people from sunlight and bad weather. In addition, under a canopy you can spend leisure time and receive guests.

The construction of a canopy does not necessarily require the construction of a powerful foundation. Installing pillars that play the role of supports can be enough solid foundation. A frame is mounted to them, and the surface of the walls is formed, depending on the taste preferences of the developer.

Wooden house may need an extension

Summer room. She, often, is equipped from an extension. The room is designed for relaxation and serves as a place for friendly feasts. As the basis of such an extension, a strip or column foundation is constructed. The material of the walls of the frame structure is plywood, boards or bricks.

In order to create better illumination, the walls are made partially glazed. The roof of the summer room can be with one or two slopes, and it is undesirable to make its structure heavier. Warming or creation heating system in a place like this would be inappropriate.

Living room. The device of a full-fledged living room implies a full construction cycle. When constructing the foundation, a block or monolithic structure is used. For the construction of walls, brick, foam blocks or timber are used. During the construction of the roof, a layer of waterproofing is necessarily arranged. The entire structure of the structure must also be well insulated.

Kitchen. Arrangement in the extension room is a rather complicated undertaking. This is due to the fact that in addition to the construction of a capital structure, all communications are required, including sewerage and ventilation.

Garage. Such a structure is being built on, on which walls of brick or blocks are located. A reliable roof is also being constructed from slate, metal tiles or corrugated board. In addition, the room must be well ventilated.

Porch. Often on device various designs outbuildings, it is necessary to build a porch. The material can be concrete, timber or metal. With a significant height of the porch or the presence of a turn, a railing is required.

Mounting Features

The device for an extension to a wooden house largely depends on how the premises are supposed to be used and whether it will be residential. If capital construction is necessary, it is necessary to build a reliable foundation, separate from the base of the main building and the wall. Communications are also required.

The main problem with building an extension is connecting it to the house. If there are omissions at this stage, then the formation of cracks on the structural elements of the structure is inevitable.

There are the following ways to connect structures:

Construction of an independent structure. The method is used in the case of construction on moving soil. The base is arranged closed along the perimeter, having no points of contact with the main foundation. The gaps between the surfaces of the walls of structures are provided with reliable hydro- and thermal insulation. The roof is arranged using a similar technology.
Integration of the extension into the main building. The implementation of this method is associated with certain difficulties. To connect the structures in the foundation of the house, anchors or pieces of reinforcing steel are mounted. Then, with the help of welding, it is connected to the frame of the base of the attached structure. At the end of this event, they begin to pour the foundation monolithic type. The connection of the walls of two structures becomes possible with the partial dismantling of the box of the house. To integrate roof structures, disassembly is carried out truss system at home and connecting it with an extension. Moreover, the fastening occurs both to the rafters and to the beams of the main building. After that, the roof covering is laid so that it represents a single surface.

When building a foundation for an extension, it is necessary to take into account the type of foundation under the house. This is due to the fact that different types foundations on the same soil give different shrinkage. To prevent similar phenomenon the same base structures should be used.

Construction of an annex

Calculation and purchase of materials

At the design stage of an extension to a wooden house, the purpose of the object, its number of storeys and design features are taken into account. This allows to carry out optimal choice material and draw up a construction estimate.

The following materials can be used for its construction.

bar

The use of timber for the construction of an extension to a wooden house - best option. Moreover, the beam can be any: glued, rounded or planed. Standardized material dimensions greatly simplify installation.

As a rule, timber is produced by specialized enterprises, each product has strictly defined dimensions, and the quality of wood meets the standards. In the factory, the material goes through all the necessary stages protective treatment, which increases the life of the wood. If necessary, then ready product undergoes heat treatment to give the wood a certain shade. natural wood refers to environmental clean materials, which has a beneficial effect on the health of people living in the house.

In addition to the qualities described, the versatility of the timber should be noted, since it can be used to create an extension not only to a wooden house.

If the cost of the timber exceeds the construction estimate, then you should pay attention to other materials.

The most difficult thing is to connect the extension to the house

Frame extension

A good option from an economic point of view is the construction of a frame structure of an annex. It is characterized by the possibility of conducting work on the existing foundation, which significantly reduces the construction time.

The technology of building an extension involves the construction metal frame or wooden structure. To create a wall surface, the frame is sheathed on both sides using chipboard boards or OSB. Between them, a layer of thermal insulation is arranged from an available heat-insulating material. On top of the insulation, there must be a vapor and moisture barrier.

The frame structure of an extension to a wooden house is easy to install and is available for self-assembly.

Brick

When using brickwork when erecting the walls of an extension to a wooden house, you can get a capital structure. The material has good thermal insulation properties, so the extension can have both economic and residential purposes.

To maintain integrity architectural style it is recommended to move the brick annex out of sight. This does not exclude its location with back side building. Brickwork has a significant mass, so a reliable foundation is being built that can withstand the loads from the walls.

The cost of construction in this case increases not only because of the rise in the price of materials and additional costs for the construction of the foundation, but also at the expense of the cost of finishing work.

Main stages of construction

Foundation installation

The base for an extension to a wooden house is selected depending on design features structures. If you plan to create a dwelling, then the construction is mandatory. At the same time, its depth should be the same as that of the main building. Reliable connection two structures occurs due to reinforcement.

The course of work on the construction of the foundation takes place in the following order:

perform markup;
dig a pit or trench of the appropriate depth;
formwork is installed;
produce a bunch of reinforcing cage;
pour .

At this stage, moisture protection should be performed.

Light extension on a columnar foundation

Wall mounting

The construction of the extension walls is no different from the technology of building a house from a bar or other lumber. At the same time, the resulting expansion joint must be sealed with foam.

When using the same materials for the construction of an outbuilding and a house, the walls are connected using various fasteners. Dowels are made in the beam. Screws and plates are used, as well as brackets for fixing walls.

Roof installation

In the case when the height of the extension is less than the height wooden house, the roof is made with a significant slope. This will allow you to freely remove precipitation. In this case, the connection of both roof structures is not necessary.

During the construction of a two-story warm extension connection of roofs of structures is recommended. For this purpose, a partial dismantling of the roof of the main house is carried out and the ceilings are connected with metal corners. After that, waterproofing is arranged, and the roof is laid. Must be organized one system drainage.

The roof is best made from the same material as the main building.

How to cut costs?

You can reduce the cost of building an extension to a wooden house if you consider the following recommendations:

the cost of timber is lower if you purchase it in winter;
self-construction of the foundation will achieve savings of about 20%;
use improvised materials;
use the frame construction method.

One of the advantages of private households is the ability, if necessary, to increase the usable area by adding an additional one to the main structure. Thus, residential or utility rooms, to whom what functionality was not enough. In order for the extension to improve the living conditions of the owners, and not organize problems for them, it must be built according to existing technologies, and not on the principle of "somehow, if only it would be cheaper." Therefore, we will figure out how to properly settle down to the house, based on generally accepted methods and experience of FORUMHOUSE users.

Foundation

There are two types of foundation for an extension - a rigid hitch and an expansion joint.

rigid hitch
Such a connection is designed for non-rocky soil and is justified when erecting a heavy structure of two or more floors, but only if the main building has already settled and the village. The new foundation must be of the same type as the main one (tape, slab) and match in depth, taking into account possible shrinkage. A bunch of tapes is made by means of reinforcement, for which the foundation of the house is dug out to the full depth, in the working area, too much exposure is fraught with deformation.

Holes for reinforcement are drilled in a checkerboard pattern in the foundation web, on the basis that their length is 35 times the diameter of the rod, and the length of the reinforcement itself is twice as large as the depth of the holes. The reinforcement is driven into the holes, in the future the protruding part will be filled with concrete, a common monolith will be obtained. A bunch of plates is possible with a thickness of more than 40 cm and the presence of a protrusion of the main plate of 30 cm; for coupling, the reinforcement is beaten off and welded to the reinforcing cage of the new plate.

To perform a rigid hitch, it must be borne in mind that the flooded one, connected to the main one, must settle, ideally within a year. If it is not possible to withstand such a period, it is better to use another method.

Expansion joint
The most common type of bond is when a completely independent one is poured near the old foundation. Optimal on heaving soils for lightweight structures, the thickness of the seam is from 2 to 5 cm. To aesthetically connect the foundations, and
the seam at the junction remained the same along the entire length; boards pre-wrapped with polyethylene or roofing felt are used. Since the load on the base will be less, the drawdown will also be less, and the seam will allow the extension to “play” as planned without affecting the integrity of the house.

During the construction process, the joint between the walls is filled with insulation, and the seam itself is subsequently sealed with elastic means or closed with special flashings. One of the users found an interesting solution - overlays from of stainless steel, between which - a layer of corrugated rubber.

zhp FORUMHOUSE User

In principle, you can buy such a “closing” for an expansion joint, immediately insulate the distance between the walls normally, close it from the street with a “closing”, and if over time there is shrinkage, compression or stretching, the “closing” compensates for this moment. And in order to return the rubber to its previous shape, it will be possible to unscrew the screws from the left side and drill again, in new places in the bricks.

Since the foundations are not interconnected, any type can be chosen for the extension, based on the characteristics of the soil and the expected load. It can be slab (monolith or UWB), tape (MZF or to the freezing depth) or columnar (pile).

Portal users prefer joining foundations through expansion joints, as the most justified and safe way.

mfcn Moderator FORUMHOUSE

Whatever good (non-rocky) soil, if it is not a rock, then you should expect shrinkage of the foundation of the extension in relation to the main house. Accordingly, measures must be taken to ensure that these shrinkages are non-destructive to the structure and provide acceptable functional properties of the structure. Hence: the annex is actually a new house next to the old or lightweight design, whose walking is permissible, and violations of the horizontal floor and jamming of doors are permissible.

materials

Modern market building materials offers a wide selection for every taste and budget. Extensions made of foam concrete, aerated concrete, cinder block and similar large-format masonry varieties and frame structures. Frames are in the lead due to the speed of construction, relative accessibility and simplicity; in terms of energy efficiency, they are not inferior to stone buildings due to the use of heaters.

However, if possible, it is recommended to choose a material similar to the main one: wooden outbuilding to a wooden house, etc. This is especially true for houses that are not supposed to be sewn up with the same facade as the extension. If you plan to use siding or similar cladding, the choice is not limited.

Wall tie options

An extension to the house can have four walls or three, then the role of the fourth plays outer wall Houses. Four walls are relevant in extensions made of masonry materials, a bunch of walls is not required, and compliance with the masonry level gives even seam. The presence of a layer of insulation between the walls allows the use of thinner blocks for the adjoining wall. In frame construction, sliding ligaments are used: two vertical beams are stuffed onto the wall, between which they start vertical bar extensions.

Connecting beams in the annex

When the extension is assembled from profiled or glued timber or logs, the walls are connected to the house either with metal brackets or with special galvanized corners with a shelf of 63 mm or more.
The corners are planted on self-tapping screws, leaving a small gap for shrinkage. The seam in both cases is closed with a flashing or platband. Also, the joining of the beams in the extension is carried out by means of a tenon-groove system, the grooves are selected in bearing wall, the tenon is cut on the recessed segments.

Roof

The extension is being built under common roof when a rigid connection is made, if an expansion joint is selected, it is easier to cover the building separately, sealing the junction. Depending on the roofing material, the seam is closed with a stainless steel apron, 30 cm wide or with a special decorative element.

Rigid connection to the house from a bar.

mfcn

The shrinkage of the extension in relation to the main house imposes certain restrictions on the arrangement of the roof. Therefore, in practice, making an extension with a roof such as a continuation of the existing one should be deliberate and reasonable.

Functional

As with the construction of a house, before erecting an extension, it is necessary to determine in advance the functionality, since different purposes require appropriate construction manipulations. If it is supposed to make living rooms, enhanced insulation is necessary. For the boiler room, bathroom or kitchen, communications are immediately laid. It's easier to change your mind and close a couple plastic pipes into the wall than to decide that another bathroom is more needed and peck at a freshly built one.

Legalization

Before building a major extension, a permit must be obtained. Within the city limits, this is done by the Department of Architecture and Urban Planning, in rural settlements- administration. You can build without papers, but then when you try to sell, bequeath or donate a house with an extension, you still have to draw up documents, but it’s more difficult, through the courts. In the event of a confrontation with the neighbors, they can sue the self-builder and insist on the demolition.

For anyone planning an extension, it is useful to study the topic on the forum. The user experience of our portal in the topic is also interesting. The article will help determine the type of foundation under future design. And our video will teach you

A country house for lovers of country life is not a temporary hut, not just a place to sleep. Many summer residents live in it for months, and sometimes it becomes permanent place residence. But what if the house is small and there is a catastrophic lack of space in it? Continue to huddle in cramped quarters or build a new house - more? For those to whom both proposed options are not suitable, there is an excellent way out of this situation - to attach an additional room to an existing house.

So, most often the owner of the cottage decides to build an extension if:

There is a need for new premises
Initially not enough Money for the construction of the most complete structure

The main advantage of any extension to a country house is the acquisition of additional usable space. An important nuance is the possibility of getting into the attached premises without leaving the main building. This is especially true in winter or in inclement weather, when the owner does not have to dress according to the season to get into the right room.

By the way, construction costs can be significantly reduced if you use efficient practical advice outlined in this article: .

Types of extensions

Lightweight (summer) options
Capital buildings

The name of the first type speaks for itself. That is, this is a room that can fully function at certain times of the year. Typically, such premises are built from lightweight versions of building materials, without a heating system.

The capital extension is actually a continuation of the main house, so its construction will require the following construction processes:

Walling
Roof installation

Not the most hard work, it is quite possible to deal with it. The main thing is to know how to do it right. Many summer residents, without understanding the theory, immediately go to practice and, as a rule, make a number of serious mistakes which can lead to serious problems in the future.

To prevent this from happening, let's take a look the right technology construction of a capital extension, which implies the presence of a full-fledged foundation, stone walls and a pitched roof.

Foundation under capital extension should be poured taking into account the construction of a real, albeit small, building on it. To do this, we need to do the following:

Marking is being done at the site of the proposed construction of an extension.
Trenches are dug under the foundation, or a formwork is set up (a frame, usually made of wood, into which the solution is poured). For a one-story building, a tape type concrete cushion 30-40 cm wide and up to half a meter deep is quite suitable.

The next step is laying the frame from the reinforcement.
The design can be ordered or made independently. For the second option, you can use suitable metal, which is traditionally full of thrifty owners on summer cottages. You can fasten all the elements into a single whole using welding or strong wire.

The last stage of the preparatory work is to attach the laid metal frame to the main foundation of the house. This will require:

Drill a few holes in concrete base buildings.
Drive strong reinforcement into them and fasten it by welding with the previously laid frame.

What should be the concrete for pouring the foundation

Concrete for the foundation can also be ordered, but you can also make on their own. To cook good concrete mix, you will need to mix the ingredients in a certain proportion, for example:

1 share of cement (say, 10 kg)
3 shares of sand
4 or 5 shares of crushed stone or gravel

Water is added on the basis that the weight of the liquid in the prepared mixture is approximately half the weight of all other ingredients. That is, if we take our approximate proportions, then about 40 liters of water should be added.

Ready concrete should be fluid enough to fill any voids, but should not be made too fluid, as this will cause the liquid to sink down while the mixture dries, which will greatly impair performance extension basics.

The poured foundation needs to be allowed to settle. It is recommended to periodically water it with water if small cracks begin to appear on the surface.

More details about the types of foundation, the intricacies of choice and device are described in the article:

Construction of extension walls

Before you start laying walls, you must definitely take care of their insulation. To do this, it is enough to roll out the roofing material along the plane of the foundation. The purpose of this step is to prevent moisture from spreading upwards - from the ground to the roof.

The process of erecting the walls of the extension from different kind stone is quite simple technologically:

The solution is kneaded (in proportion - 1 share of cement to 3 shares of sand, plus water is added in the amount necessary to achieve the consistency of thick sour cream)
The first stone is laid on a layer of mortar and tapped down a little with a trowel (trowel), hammer or ax
The second stone is installed in the same way next to the first, only a solution is added between them. Tapping occurs from top to bottom and from the end, towards the first laid brick (stone)

Thus, the first row is expelled. In order to somewhat facilitate your work, it is recommended to initially place the stones in the corners of the future extension, pull a strong thread between them (twine, thick fishing line), which will control the overall surface plane.
Important: Constantly check the evenness of the masonry building level- both horizontally and vertically.

When building an extension, it is important not to miss one mandatory step - additional fastening of the walls being erected to the main building. Some ignore this stage, believing that the attached room can only hold the solution in place. This is not true. Absence additional fastening can subsequently lead to the appearance of cracks, which will be very difficult to eliminate.

The process of reinforcing the masonry will allow to avoid the appearance of this trouble (it is enough to do it through one laid row). To do this, you will need to drill holes in the walls of the main building and lay the reinforcement in such a way that one end of it is in the drilled hole, and the other lies on the surface of the lined row.

Further work continues in the same spirit: the next and next rows of brick (stone) are laid out. It should be noted that they must be installed on top of each other so that the connecting (vertical) seams of the previous and subsequent rows do not match. That is, laying bricks in a checkerboard pattern: the top one is located on two (sometimes even three, depending on the type of dressing) of the lower ones. This is done to achieve maximum strength and solidity of the structure.

Seismic belt installation

Install formwork
Lay the reinforcing structure
pour concrete

The seismic belt, like the foundation, must be given time to solidify.

Roof erection

It is recommended to cover the roof with the same material that was used on the roof of the main building. This option is considered ideal when the sheets of both parts of the building are completely combined with each other. For example, consider the construction of a slate roof, which is most often found in ordinary summer cottages. The whole process of work can be divided into three main stages:

Wooden frame installation
Flooring hydro and vapor barrier
Slate installation

Frame installation
The wooden frame consists of beams, which it is desirable to additionally drive into the wall of the main country house. The distance between the elements is no more than one meter.

The next step is the crate, which is attached perpendicular to the main bars. The boards are installed in such a way that one sheet of slate can lie on four of them. If the roofing material has a length of two meters, then the crate is mounted at a distance of 50 cm between the structural elements.

Flooring hydro and vapor barrier
Modern slate, unfortunately, is no different high quality, so it is desirable to lay a layer of hydro and vapor barrier under it. The film is bought at the store and attached to the crate using a construction stapler. The insulation is fixed from the bottom up in horizontal rows, so that upper layer went a little to the bottom (with an overlap). This is to prevent water from getting into wooden elements structures or damage the ceiling of the extension - if she finds a way to penetrate under the slate or other roofing material.

Slate installation
Installation of slate is done in rows going from bottom to top. The first sheets are initially fixed only on the two lower roofing nails(to the second lath from the bottom of the crate). The second sheet of slate in the first row is overlapped (on one wave of the previous one). Laying in the same sequence continues to the end of the roof, where trimming of the material may be required. This procedure can be performed using a grinder and a stone work disc. Installation of the second and subsequent rows completely repeats the laying of the first.
Important:

The first row of slate should be extended beyond the wall by 10-15 centimeters to minimize the detrimental effect of water on the walls.
Nails are hammered into top point waves: so the probability of accidentally damaging the sheet with a hammer blow is reduced to a minimum; atmospheric precipitation will collect in the slate gutters, and not on the waves, therefore, the possibility of moisture entering through the nail holes is practically reduced to zero.

The main work is done. Finishing the extension to country house it is desirable to postpone for enough long time(six months). The thing is that the additional structure will shrink, and this can lead to the appearance of microcracks that will simply ruin the finishing work done. Worrying about shrinkage is not worth it - it natural process through which all buildings pass. If you did everything right, the extension to the country house will serve faithfully for many years.

Categories

Popular