Installation of gutters for the roof - the recommendations of experienced craftsmen. Drainage device from pitched roofs: useful recommendations on installation technology Drainage from the roof of the stadium

AT modern construction drainage device takes important place, since not only the correct and timely disposal of water coming from precipitation or snowmelt, but also the safety of the entire building as a whole depends on how it is organized. A drain is a collection of elements designed to rainwater when it hit the roof, it flowed from it in places specially designed for this purpose and was removed outside the house into drainage structures. The drainage system includes gutters, downpipes and other elements. Let's consider it in more detail.

Types of drains

There are two types of drains, the classification of which is carried out at the place of laying.

The choice of the type of drain is made in accordance with the specifics of the building and the roof structure.

There are the following types of drains:

External. A drain of this type can be found much more often, its device is simpler, and it can be built both in a building under construction and in an already operated building. In the event that a drain of this type functions, the water flows down the roof into the gutters, from them into the downpipes, and from there it enters the drainage arranged along the perimeter of the building.
Interior. In this case, the pipes for the drain are located not outside the building, but inside its walls, water enters them through special funnels, and from there into the sewer. Build a drain of this type in already finished building extremely difficult and not always possible. Particular attention is paid to the tightness of the contact point of the funnel with the roof, otherwise water will get inside the walls of the building, which for this reason can become completely unusable for very a short time. Internal drains are used where the installation of an external system is impossible for technical reasons, for example, in the case of a complex roof configuration or if the building has flat roof large area.

Often, pipes are supplied to avoid freezing water in them.

Elements of the drainage system

A drain of any type includes separate components, and each of the components performs its function. The elements of the drainage system listed below are used in the design.

gutters

A gutter is a channel used to collect and drain rain or melt water from a roof. In cross section, it has a semicircular or angular open shape, the design of the gutter is selected in accordance with the architecture of the building. The size of the gutter must correspond to the load falling on it, which, in turn, depends on the area of \u200b\u200bthe roof and its angle of inclination.

Downspouts

The design of drains of any type includes downpipes located outside or inside the building. They are made from different materials: galvanized iron, plastic, metal-plastic and even copper. Each drain pipe consists of several parts, their connection can be carried out different ways, including using shaped elements such as the knee.

Funnels

As mentioned above, the funnel is part of the internal drainage system and is used to collect rainwater from the roof plane. The industry produces funnels of two types:

Flat. They are usually installed on flat roofs.
Bell-type. Funnels of this type are used when constructing a drain on a roof of complex configuration. At present, manufacturers supply the funnel cap with a receiving grate to prevent small debris from entering the drain and thus avoid clogging it.

For fastening these elements included in the drainage system, various parts are used, such as a bracket, a hook, and others.

Builders are advised to provide for their installation during the construction of the building. This option will be the best, as it provides for the placement of all elements of the system in the most suitable places for this, and also ensures the strength of their fastening.

It is believed that the drainage system also includes drainage, where water enters after it is drained from the roof. It can be either open or closed type. In the first variant, the surface of the ditch is closed with an element such as a grate. are used to ensure that ditches do not constitute obstacles to passage, and also protect their cavity from clogging.

Installation of a drainage system

The correct arrangement of the drainage system is the key to long-term operation of the house and the presence of comfortable living conditions in it. Lots of buildings ahead of time fell into disrepair and collapsed due to improper arranged system drainage or its absence.

Water that is not diverted in a timely manner and in full degree from the roof of the building or outside it, gets into the inside of the structure, into basements, destroys the basement and foundation, promotes the spread of fungus and damage interior decoration. In order to avoid these unpleasant and undesirable consequences, it is necessary to properly install the system, checking each gutter unit and observing the installation technology.

Installation of a drain is carried out in several stages:

Design work. As already mentioned above, the best option- this is the installation of elements of the drainage system during the construction process, but if for some reason this did not work out, you can build a drain in the finished building. In any case, you should start with . A drainage scheme is drawn up, the dimensions of its components are calculated, the installation points of funnels and pipes are determined.
Installation of fasteners. Hook-brackets are mounted according to a pre-compiled scheme, which takes into account all the features of the design and materials of the building.
Drainage equipment is installed: gutters and downpipes are installed.

Particular attention is paid to the angle of inclination of the gutters: if it is insufficient, precipitation will overflow over the edges, and if it is too large, downpipes will “choke”.

A protective mesh is laid over the gutters to protect them from debris.

Installation of a drainage system is a complex and responsible matter, there are no trifles in it, and it should be trusted to people who have serious knowledge and skills in this matter. Compliance with the technology of conducting installation work, exact calculation, high-quality fastening of all elements - these are factors that are of paramount importance for what the final result will be.

Due to the abundance of available information on construction on the World Wide Web, many believe that the installation of a drain with pitched roofs- the task is quite simple: install hooks, hang gutters and competently continue the system to the foundation. But in fact, you still need to be able to take water away from the roof technically correctly. And then neither destroyed drains in winter, nor bent gutters in hot summer, nor a damp and wet attic are terrible.

Not to mention that the gutter system significantly affects the exterior of the house. These are those important details, which are not always shown in the visualization of a house project, but which, ultimately, serve as its finishing touch, capable of both perfectly fitting into the idea of a designer or architect, and hopelessly ruining the whole appearance. Therefore, let's approach this issue with all responsibility!

You may have already heard about the fashion for organized drains that came to Russia. Everything is simple here: we make the slopes wider, we bring the cornices 50 cm from the walls - and the water itself flows down from the roof. Is it worth putting a visor over the entrance so as not to take a “cold” shower at the most inopportune time. But, if you live in Russia, and not in a tropical arid country, then let's take this issue more seriously.

In some Russian houses, they really do without a drainage system, instead arranging a fairly wide canopy that protrudes half a meter from the wall. This option is quite suitable if the roof of the house is flat. But at the same time, huge requirements are imposed on the waterproofing of foundations and walls, in addition, slopes around the house should also be maximally waterproofed. And again, such building technology suitable only if you live in a region with a minimum amount of precipitation per year.

Understand, as soon as your roof is ready, the first downpour will fall on it - it's only a matter of time. And the very next morning, looking at wet walls and the foundation, you will understand that the drainage system needs to be installed urgently, and this time organized, consisting of gutters, pipes and funnels. And there are several reasons for this:

Believe me, no cornices or decorative elements will help to cope with the autumn Russian rain, and the liquid, as you know, can have a destructive effect on most building materials. And it includes wood, concrete, brick and plaster - everything that the walls of modern houses are made of today.
Secondly, the wet walls of the house immediately lose a significant part of their thermal insulation properties.
Thirdly, most of the water from the roof falls, in this case, onto the foundation and penetrates under the blind area. As a result, the service life of the foundation of the house is reduced significantly, not to mention the wet underground and problems with the basement.

Therefore, it is vital for you to install a structurally correct and reliable gutter system, which will include all the thoughtful elements:

How and where should all these elements of the drainage system be located, and what is the main difference between pitched roofs different designs, we'll figure it out now.

Pitched roof gutter system configuration

Of decisive importance for the complexity of the drainage device is the shape of the pitched roof. For example, for a simple country or country house with gable roof and perfectly straight lines eaves overhang the easiest way is to install a standard gutter system, with a minimum number of gutters and gutters.

But if the pitched roof of your house has a lot of creases, overhang jumps, tongs or tie-ins, then the entire drainage system will be quite complicated. For example, creases in the edge of a pitched roof are most often located where the facade needed to be made more beautiful. And you can’t cross the roof in this place with a simple gutter - it’s customary to think over its more aesthetic location. Will have to tinker!

Closed drainage system

The architectural configuration of the roof directly determines the structure of the drainage system and its appearance:

The hip roof and architectural elements similar to its construction are already arranged as a closed system. Such a gutter always bypasses the building or its separate architectural element around the perimeter. A plug for the gutters is not even placed here, because in such a design all the drain elements are interconnected and there are simply no deaf branches.

Also, with regard to hip roof, here coming from the slopes of rain and melt water must be removed simultaneously in both directions. Downspouts here are also located in the corners:

In closed systems, it is necessary to calculate the drain pipes so that they are based on the total area of \u200b\u200bthe roof and roundings are made up, not down.

Open drain system

So, a standard gable roof provides for two separate lines of gutters, where each will have its own drain. That is, by saying plain language, the gable roof drain of the gable type is two open systems.

If we are talking about gable, pitched and multi-pitched roofs, then water is drained through gutters to pipes, which, by all standards, are located after the corners of the walls, and pipes that are located exactly in the middle of these walls:

Aesthetics or practicality?

The standard gutter system performs a utilitarian function - it diverts water from the pitched roof of the house away from its walls and foundation. Usually its aesthetic function is not attached of great importance but that doesn't mean it doesn't matter.

That's why modern market offers complete gutter systems, the elements of which can be easily connected to each other. Such gutters and pipes are produced semicircular, trapezoidal, semi-elliptical, box-shaped (also called rectangular) or square, and even imitating the shape of a cornice.

The most popular in Russia are gutters of a semicircular section, turned inward or outward. Moreover, such edges still serve as stiffeners, which increases the mechanical ability of the elements to withstand loads. But the elliptical shape is good throughput, and is indispensable for roofs of a large area. In any case, it is quite difficult to miscalculate with the profile of the drain, but do not forget that the correctly selected shape of the gutters in its own way complements the aesthetic appeal of the house.

And how to choose a gutter for a pitched roof, not only aesthetic and pleasing to the eye, but also as practical as possible, this video will tell:

The subtleties of designing and installing a drain on pitched roofs

The drainage system must first be designed by doing necessary calculations and determining the location and length of the gutters and pipes, their width and depth. Usually the number and width of the gutter depends on the perimeter of the roof and the area of its slopes.

In any case, try to adhere to the recommendations of the manufacturer of the system you have purchased as much as possible. But sometimes it is necessary to install a rather complex drainage system, and one cannot do without additional calculations.

Shed roof drainage device

The simplest drainage system shed roofs. Water from such a roof is directed only in one direction, and it is not difficult to “catch” it. Moreover, when it comes to one-story houses, they often have a chain instead of drainpipes and gutters, and it is much less noticeable on the facade.

Such rain chains are especially popular in Japan, where they play the role of a kind of decorative element. They are most often made of copper, and the main architectural tasks that are set before them are to have a complex spatial shape that is pleasing to the eye and alternate with decorative bowls. But unfortunately, modern manufacturers gutter systems for Russian latitudes do not take into account such innovations and do not produce special gutter parts for connecting to the chain.

Therefore, if you still want to build something similar for a beautiful effect or simplicity of the system, then remember two simple rules:

The chain must be tensioned so that it does not move from side to side. And for this, simply bury its end in the ground or crush it with rubble.
So that the walls are not splashed with water, such chains should protrude from the edge of the roof by at least half a meter.

Believe me, it will not be difficult to bring this idea to life! Here are the two most simple examples its implementation:

Drainage device on a gable roof

Standard gable roof drain pipes should be placed on all external and inside corners. There they are almost invisible, and in fact, this is their natural location. From a technical point of view, this is also correct.

As for the location of the gutters, a lot depends on the roof itself:

Drainage on roofs of complex shape

Designing water drainage from a roof of complex configuration is not easy. Here you need to take water from each individual slope or bay window, and it makes sense to mount several downpipes at once. This is where the difficulties arise, which we will now discuss in more detail.

Number of rays

If there are a lot of slopes, and the drainage system is arranged according to the principle of a minimum, too much water will enter the pipes and already flow more slowly throughout the entire gutter due to its volume. And this is a load on all elements at once, and such water freezes faster in winter.

Superstructures and lucarnes

The second point that concerns the gutter system for complex pitched roofs is that downpipes and gutters are also often needed in architectural roof structures, above balconies and around turrets. There are technical difficulties here, because it is quite problematic to save such places from freezing and water penetration. This is why practical minimalism is popular in the construction world today.

But the most interesting task for a roofer is to make a drain around a round turret. After all, bending such a gutter made of metal will not work well. Therefore, in this case, they do this: they cut the segments of a zinc, stainless or copper gutter and solder them together. After that, it makes sense to paint the drain already in desired color powder paint to hide the seams.

As for fashion today skylights and lucarne, gutters are not required for them. It is only important to correctly determine from which side of the roof the water will drain and where it may begin to collect. And since the roof of the lucarne has no overhangs; it needs gutters only when large areas and multidirectional slopes.

Excess elements

Also, a significant drawback of such a device of the drainage system is aesthetic, since a large number of pipes will already stand out against the background of the walls.

The most problematic places for a pitched roof in terms of installing a drainage system are near the canopy and in front of the entrance to the house. And if the roof itself is not of an elementary design, then it is probably due to the fact that there are far more than one entrance to this house. But after all, it is important that the pipes here are hardly noticeable against the background of the facade, and it is quite difficult to hide them in such places. That is why you will surely see her on the veranda posts, in the corner of the house or by the window:

Color solutions

With a complex roof configuration, the gutter itself often has an incorrect geometric shape and does not always look symmetrical and pleasing to the eye. Therefore, in this case, its color is selected so that it looks like a natural continuation of the roof and even merges with it.

But if the gutter itself in its entire structure has a beautiful profile that also emphasizes the shape of the roof, then it is installed as an important architectural element and accentuated, combining it with the color of the facade details so that it stands out against the background of the roof or even contrasts with it. But gray silver gutters are left so far only on the facades of houses in modern style techno or high-tech.

As you can see, the problem of excess gutter elements quite easy to decide by choosing the right colors and pipe design. For example, combine the color of gutters and pipes not only with roofing, but also with facade elements of walls, columns, door and window openings. Those. You have three options for choosing the color of a roof gutter system with a complex configuration:

so that the pipes and gutters themselves are hardly noticeable on the facade;
so that their color, on the contrary, contrasts with the color of the facade or window frames;
so that the gutter system is an independent and noticeable architectural touch.

But it is much better to reasonably minimize their number without losing quality. And here it is already better to entrust the matter to a professional who will correctly calculate the entire system.

Important technical points

The removal of rain and melt water from a pitched roof is designed to significantly improve the finish of the facade and the general condition of the outer walls. Indeed, over time, water can even damage the foundation of the house. That's why there are special regulations SNiP 2.04.01-85, which are responsible for the rules and norms for arranging a drain.

If you want to purchase a ready-made drainage system, then it will be easy for you to calculate: almost all modern manufacturers publish special tables on their websites that help determine the relationship between the catchment area and the right parameters drainage system. If you are making a gutter for a pitched roof with your own hands, then the graphics and illustrations that we have prepared for you below will help you.

How to correctly calculate the system?

The catchment area is the area of slopes or their projection on a horizontal plane. And the following formulas will help you calculate it:

It's simple: when calculating the drainage system, you need to focus on the need for pipes for every 100 square meters roofs. Those. within one slope, the diameter of the pipe must be at least 150 millimeters. But it is desirable to place drainpipes so that they do not spoil the facade of the building. Like gutters, it's important to put them in the right places, not just where you can. If chimneys, shafts and parapets are located on a pitched roof, then 30% of the wall area that is still above the roof must be added to the slope area.

Now count the number of corners for the gutter: usually their value is equal to the number of corners at the roof itself, including external and internal ones. Further, the length of the gutter is usually three meters, and therefore the number of gutters is easy to calculate: determine the perimeter of the roof and divide by 3. Round the result to a higher whole number, and you will know how many gutters you will need and whether one of them will need to be cut, if the number was not an integer initially.

The next step is to count the number of plugs and gutter connectors. To do this, let's figure out what type of drainage system we are dealing with - closed and open. If the drainage system is closed, there will be as many connectors in it as there are all elements. If it is not closed - only one less. You will need to install the plugs on the edges of the gutter:

It is also important to calculate correct weight gutter system under pressure on it with water and snow. For example, a standard gutter holder is designed to support a weight of about 75 kilograms. But here you need to rely not only on these indicators, but also on the bearing area.

That is, if you install fewer holders than necessary, then the entire weight of the liquid and snow will be concentrated on a specific point, and not distributed along the entire length. This is how gutters break! Surely you logically understand that one heavy log, for example, cannot be held by two or three people, but ten will not be difficult, because. pressure force is deconcentrated. Here is the same.

Here is a good example of the correct arrangement of the gutter system of a country house:

How to install external gutters

If you ignore the technical requirements for installing gutters on pitched roofs, then water will not only splash the walls, but also flood the basement. So remember a few simple rules:

Gutters should be equipped with a slope of about 1%, i.e. on a segment of more than 10 meters, they should drop by 10 centimeters.
It is also desirable that the troughs do not interrupt each other more than 3 times. So, if the roof of the house has enough complex shape you will need additional downspouts. But at the same time, avoid placing them in internal connections to the wall.

Why? The fact is that such an arrangement increases the likelihood of leakage and the storm water inlet can become clogged. Your main task when designing drainpipes is to make sure that water does not flood those areas near the house where the most passable zone: near front door, at the entrance to the house and on the main path. After all, here the water quickly freezes on a frosty night and turns into ice, and this is already dangerous. That's why you need to attach the gutters from the bottom end bracket. At the same time, it is important that outer bracket turned out to be 30-50 mm below the edge of the cornice overhang.

Please also note that it is important to correctly organize the direction of the water and the slope of the gutter, which also depends on the configuration of the pitched roof:

The angle of inclination of the gutter also depends on the length of the slope and the section of the gutter itself. Usually it is from 5 to 20 mm per meter. If the length of the roof slope or cornice light is more than 12 meters, then the angle must be formed in two directions: to the left and to the right of the middle of the roof. When the downpipe is located on both edges of the roof, then it is also important to disperse the flow of water and halve its pressure on the drainage system.

It is also often forgotten that important point that the cornice overhang itself may actually be far from being horizontal. To do this, it is necessary to check it with a level and already calculate the angle of inclination of the drainage system, plus or minus the existing angle of inclination of the overhang itself, whatever it turns out to be. Or, if possible, fix this construction jamb.

The distance between the drains should be from 40 centimeters to 70, depending on the drainage system itself. If you do more now because of the desire to save money, the gutters under the pressure of snow or ice can be deformed. And therefore, the ideal step for the Russian climate is 50-60 centimeters:

Here are two great tutorials to guide you through the process:

It will be easiest for you to work with the frontal board, because it is easy to correctly determine the direction of the slope of the gutter on it and fix the first and last bracket with different levels. Install the drain so that it is mounted at a distance of 25 centimeters from the ground and 15 from the blind area.

How to install an internal gutter

Pitched roofs differ in terms of water drainage from flat roofs in the first place by the fact that they have weak spots- valleys. We are talking about those internal gutters, which must be equipped with the joints of the slopes, because. It is on these elements that the greatest pressure is exerted by the liquid. And the greater the flow of water, the easier it is for moisture to get into the inner roofing pie, while in flat and inverted roofs everything is more evenly distributed.

Let's look at how to secure the gutter. It can be mounted on a boardwalk, or on a denser, more frequent crate. The main rule: the width of the flooring from the board should protrude at least 40 centimeters from the axis of the gutter. These boards should be installed directly on the rafter legs:

Step 1. Nail two bars onto the quickened crate at a distance of 5-10 centimeters. Leave a small gap of about 5 centimeters for ventilation - between the bars and the valley counter-lattice.
Step 2 Now nail the crate. Bring the ends of the bars to the axes.
Step 3. The next step is to slightly strengthen the main crate with short bars in the valley area.
Step 4. Now drive one or two bars into the space between the crate.
Step 5. As a result, you should get a length of bars of at least 30 centimeters. At this stage, we move on to the inner chute.
Step 6. Bring the end of the bars inside the gutter and clamp its side edges at an angle of 90 degrees.
Step 7. Then bend the gutter along the central axis to such an angle that it is slightly larger than the angle of the valley.
Step 8. Start laying the gutter from the cornice overhang, namely from the bottom up.
Step 9. Lay the gutter on the deck and cut it along the contour so that 3-4 cm remains.
Step 10 Secure the gutter with metal staples or galvanized roofing nails.

Each step of this process is well shown in this illustration:

The main thing to remember: if you put the inner gutter on a fastened crate, then nail the staples into an additional bar so that they do not interfere with the smooth laying of the tiles later. We only nail the top edge of the gutter, not the entire length of the gutter.

Now remove the protective strip and glue self-adhesive foam strips around the edges with a special water-repellent impregnation, which will protect the valley from dirt, snow and water.

How to fix vertical gutter elements

And the vertical parts of the drain on the pitched roof should be fixed like this:

By the way, unlike metal products, in plastic drainage systems, both conventional connectors and compensatory ones can be used. It is customary to install compensation on a roof with a length of more than 8 linear meters. From the name, you already understood that glue is not used here. The main task of such a connector is to compensate for the linear expansion of the gutter when the temperature changes.

Here's what it looks like in practice:

And finally, check how well the drain was installed. To do this, you will need the simplest building level (or hydraulic level), and even better - a leveling level. Shut everything up drain holes, pour water into the gutters and see if there is a leak in any places.

Also notice how fast and easy the water flows when the holes are open. The easiest way to do this is with the usual watering hose with medium pressure.

Drainage in the architecture of the building is not the last place. It also serves for a certain completeness, and performs its main function - collecting and draining water from pitched and sloping roofs.

The gutter drains water not only from the roof, but also from the walls of the building, its foundation and other elements.

Outdoor drain

We are accustomed to seeing vertical pipes on the facades of buildings through which water flows down. This is the drain, and the outer one. The internal one is built into the walls of the house, or its installation is carried out indoors.

It must be said that this is far from full classification. There are still a lot of signs by which all drains are usually divided into separate types:

By organization - external and internal, as already mentioned;
According to the material of manufacture - plastic and metal;
According to the method of connecting individual elements, adhesive gutters are distinguished and with rubber seals.

It should be said right away that external drains are suitable for all types of pitched roofs, but internal water flow is organized in the case of a flat ceiling.

So, outdoor gutters can have the most varied design, which directly depends on the design of the building. However, it should be noted that ready-made kits may also have some features, which depends on each individual manufacturer.

Be that as it may, the installation and installation of drainage systems are almost always the same.

The approximate composition of the external drainage system will look like this:

Gutters (the maximum slope of the gutter is not allowed less than 2 degrees);
Funnels that receive water from the gutters;
A pipe through which liquid flows down.

Advice! When installing a drain, funnels will be correctly positioned in increments of 20-25 cm. At the same time, there should not be a gutter more than 10 m per funnel.

Gutters and drain pipes

The device of the gutter system on pitched roofs, as it has already become clear, is carried out using gutters. They have their own classification:

Cornice. Do-it-yourself installation is carried out along the roof eaves;
Parapet. Do-it-yourself installation is carried out between the parapet walls. I must say that such a design is quite rare;
razzhelbkovye. Drain liquid to parapet gutters.

It becomes clear that for the construction of a conventional drainage system it will be correct to use plastic or metal elements cornice type.

Among other things, gutters differ in their shape:

Embossed;
Rectangular;
Semicircular.

A do-it-yourself drain device is usually carried out using ordinary semicircular gutters. Embossed ones are recommended to be installed only where there is a need to protect the entire drain from dirt, leaves and other debris.

As for the material with a square section, it would be correct to install it on buildings that are located in regions with increased level precipitation. The thing is that rectangular gutters have a very high throughput.

Now for the pipes. They can also be of two types - with a rectangular section and with a semicircular one.

It will be right to make the flow of water on sunny side building.

Advice! The cross section of the drain pipes must be the same as the cross section of the gutters.

In that case when total area moisture collection exceeds 200 square units, the pipes must have square section for the reason stated above.
For small areas, GOST defines the following ratios of area to pipe diameter, so that you can choose them correctly for each individual case:

Area up to 30 sq. m involves making a drain from pipes with a diameter of 8 cm;
Area up to 50 sq. m. suggests making a drain from a material with a cross section of 9 cm;
Area up to 125 sq. m involves installing a drain from a material with a diameter of 10 cm.

Fastening of all pipes is carried out in the same way - on clamps and pins. So that the latter do not rust, they are treated with an anti-corrosion compound before direct use.

Material selection

In many ways, the choice of material for the drainage system depends on the material from which the roof itself is made.

In the general case, as already mentioned, the following materials are used for the manufacture of gutters:

Galvanized sheet;
Galvanized sheet with a polymer layer;
Copper;
Aluminum;
Titanium zinc;
Plastic.

That is, drains can be plastic, metal and combined.

Some installation rules

The device of such a system as a drain implies the presence of a certain technology, that is, a sequence of actions. In addition, such work has a number of features that can be described by the following basic rules:

Do-it-yourself pipe installation must be carried out on minimum distance 5 cm from the wall of the building. If you attach the pipe close to the wall, it will be constantly wet;
The drain must have some slope. First of all, it concerns gutters. The slope should be made towards the funnels. This will not allow liquid to accumulate and overflow over the edges of the gutters;
All joints and attachment points must be sealed. For gutters, both special glue and a method are used. cold welding and rubber seals.

I must say that each of the listed sealing options has its positive and negative sides:

Rubber parts perfectly endure even strong mechanical influences well protect drainage systems from leakage. However, they are very sensitive to high and low temperatures, and can function normally only with not very high positive indicators;
Adhesive bonding can provide reliable connection and complete sealing, but it will no longer be possible to disassemble this type of drains;
Cold welding provides the most reliable connection and the most a high degree sealing. However, when the linear dimensions of the elements of the gutters change, they simply crack.

As a result, what kind of mount to make with your own hands is up to everyone to decide for themselves.

Mounting sequence

So, the direct installation of the drainage system with your own hands should begin with some calculations. For example, calculating the required amount of material. The first is the length of the gutter. Calculating it is very simple - you just need to measure the perimeter of the building.

After that, the device of the drainage system involves the fastening of holders or hooks for gutters. If used plastic pipes, then they are fastened in increments of 60 cm. If metal or combined elements are used, then they are fastened in increments of 30 cm.

After that, the funnels are fixed. Next, the gutters are placed in the holders.

The next step is to fasten the connections of the drainage system. In this case, the connector element must be located at the junction of two gutters.

Further arrangement of the drainage system involves the installation of pipes and corners.

Advice! When joining two gutters, their ends should not touch, that is, there should be a temperature gap. This is especially true for metal elements.

No matter how remarkable in terms of its waterproofing properties the roof on a building would be, in order to preserve its durability, it is necessary to provide for the effective and timely removal of water from the surface that falls on it, even rain or melt. To do this, you need to think over the device of the drainage scheme. Drainage is necessary not only to maintain integrity and tightness flat roof. It prevents rainwater from entering the walls of buildings, and also prevents moisture from running off and stagnating under the walls, preventing excessive moisture in the foundation and its rapid destruction.

Also, a well-made drainage system allows you to avoid the penetration of rainwater into the basement and basement rooms and create high humidity and rotting wooden structures.

The device and details of the roof drainage system

Drainage systems can be made from various materials, be different in design features, depending on the type of roof, purpose and size of the building and other circumstances. The main division of gutters by design and placement is external and internal.

External drains are:

Organized;
Unorganized.

With an unorganized external drain, water flows spontaneously, without specially provided for collection and discharge. This option is used for roofing small buildings with a sloping roof.

Outdoor organized drains are located outside the building along its perimeter, they are gutters, reinforced in such a way that water flowing from the roof gets into them. Then, through the gutters, the water flows into the downpipes and further into the water collectors or into drain pits. Such drains are used in small one-story or two-story buildings with sloping roofs or in commercial buildings.

Internal drainage structures are more complex in design, they are used to remove precipitation from the surface of a flat roof, both private housing construction and high-rise buildings, even skyscrapers, and industrial facilities. When installing such drains, special funnels are mounted on the roof surface, connected to a system of drainage pipes located inside the building, under the roof.

The surface of a flat roof especially needs an effective drainage system, since stagnant water on its surface will easily lead to the destruction of the surface and the violation of its tightness, and unscheduled roof repairs will have to be done.

The gutter unit on a flat roof should be such that water leaves the roof surface without problems, even rain or melt. When installing a drain, it is necessary to provide that there are no blockages from debris, fallen leaves, twigs, so that at sub-zero temperatures water does not freeze in the drain system and ice plugs do not form, due to which device parts may fail.

The internal drainage device is designed when creating a building project, since it is necessary to provide for the location of the drain channels, the passage of risers inside the building, and also correct device roofs for the planned drainage. The drainage device must function in such a way that rain or melt water does not stagnate on the roof surface and does not drain from the roof, but is discharged through a set of drainage pipes to the intended place.

Which gutter system is better to choose for a flat roof

When choosing a drainage device, the climate of the area in which the object is located is taken into account. If this is a region with a mild warm climate, where sub-zero temperatures occur several days a year, you can use the design of external drainage systems.

For harsh northern regions and areas with a temperate climate are better to prefer internal structures drains, as when using external drainage systems in winter period water in sewers can freeze and form ice plugs, and this will make it difficult to drain the melt water. At severe frosts the downpipe may burst due to the fact that the water in it freezes, and structural details will require repair.

Important! It is necessary to ensure the tightness of all components and connections of the structure of the internal drain, which is achieved by using welding to mount it.

Scheme of internal drainage

The internal drainage device is more expensive and time-consuming to manufacture, but in residential buildings flat roof is better internal option drain. This will allow the system to function without problems. all year round, promptly removing any precipitation from the roof surface.

Internal drainage systems according to the principle of operation are divided into siphon and gravity. Gravity flow provide for the movement of water spontaneously through the pipe system due to their inclined arrangement. Water flows out of them as it arrives, the internal cavities are not always filled with water. The siphon scheme of the device uses the principle of forced suction of water inside the system and its removal from the roof surface.

With a siphon device, the drain is constantly filled with water. When the water flow decreases in the upper part of the drainage device, an area with reduced pressure is created in the funnel, due to which water is sucked into the funnel from the roof surface and from there enters the riser. Due to this mechanism, precipitation from the surface of a flat roof is removed faster.

The siphon drainage system is recognized as more efficient and effective.

What is the internal drainage

Components and details of the internal drain:

Funnels for receiving water, located on the surface of the roof;
Outlet pipes connecting funnels with a riser for collecting water;
Drainage riser;
An underground part through which water is discharged into external drains.

The internal drainage device must ensure uninterrupted removal of water from the roof at any temperature environment. When drafting a drainage system, it is necessary to consider the location of risers and pipes in such a way that the water in them does not freeze when sub-zero temperatures. If it is not possible to arrange the entire drainage system so that the pipes are in a heated space, they must be additionally insulated or a heating scheme should be considered.

Features of the design of the internal drain

The roof area is schematically divided into sections, in the middle of each such section there will be a funnel for draining water. During the construction of the roof, it will be necessary to make a slope from the edges of the sections to their middle, to the place where the funnel is installed, about 1-2%.

Small ledges are made along the outer edges of the plots so that water from the roof when heavy rains did not overflow from one area to another, and did not create an excessive load on individual funnels. Thus, uniform removal of water by each funnel is ensured.

For internal drainage, it is necessary to provide for the presence of an underground drainage pipe, which will discharge the collected water to the storm sewer receiver. In private housing construction, it is possible to provide for the use of rainwater for irrigation or for other economic purposes.

Risers and outlet pipes should be located in such a way that they are in the coverage area heating system if the building is heated. If the building is not heated or it is not possible to locate all the water outlet pipes in the zone of positive temperatures, you will have to additionally think over the scheme for heating or insulating the drainage structures.

Important! It is necessary to ensure the tightness of the connection at the outlet of the water inlet to the roof surface so that there are no water leaks. best to paste waterproofing material on the sides of the funnels.

When creating an internal drainage project, it is necessary to include revision hatches in the devices, which are installed on the ground floor of the house, as well as manholes.

When calculating the load on internal risers and drainage pipes, it is necessary to take into account the possible pressure on their walls in case of excess water drainage or blockage. The calculation for the design is necessary for the efficient and trouble-free operation of the device. For the calculation, it is necessary to take into account the amount of precipitation in the region, the temperature range, the roof area and the height of the building.

Conclusion

If you are planning to build own house, think in advance which drainage scheme would be preferable to choose. It is better to entrust the installation of the device to an experienced master, but it is better to familiarize yourself with the features of its design and operation in advance.

The construction of a country house cannot be considered complete until roof gutters are installed, serving reliable protection facade, foundation and blind area from the destructive action of falling water. On the building materials market, you can purchase ready-made modules for drainage and use the services of specialists in their installation. However, work on self-manufacturing drains will not take much time and effort, and besides, it will be much cheaper. Necessary condition is only the presence of some knowledge about their structure and suitable materials for the manufacture of.

Gutters: a guide to choosing

The drainage system of a building can be made of various materials, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. As a rule, everything here depends on material possibilities and design idea house owner. Before choosing a drainage system, you need to keep in mind some features:

To protect the gutters from deformation as a result of a sharp melting of snow and ice, it is necessary to install on the roof tubular snow guards. The drains themselves must carry water away from the building and into a drainage system or suitable place for disposal. excess moisture from the walls of the house.

The choice of a drain directly depends on what material the roof of the building is covered with. If copper tiles are laid on the roof, then the drainage system is made of copper, the same is done in the case of titanium and zinc alloys.

However, there universal materials for roofing and facade finishing, allowing you to install a roof drain in accordance with the wishes of the owner of the house. For example, if the facade of the building is covered with siding, and the roof is not made of metal tiles and not folded, then the drainage system can be made both in plastic and galvanized.

By fixing plastic drain to the wall of the house, it is necessary to maintain the distance between the brackets for fastening the gutters no more than 60 cm, while galvanization can be fastened at a distance of up to 1 m.

Types and classification of drains

The device of the drainage system can be made in one of three options:

Unorganized - the flow of water from the roof directly to the ground. It entails the dampness of the walls and the destruction of the foundation.
Internal - prevents freezing of water in pipes when negative temperatures. It is mainly used in northern latitudes.
Organized - a drainage system from roofs, equipped with gutters and pipes through which water flows into the sewer. This option is most common in the central regions.

The drainage device must be properly designed, securely mounted and fixed to the building. Only in this case, the conscientious operation of the entire system is guaranteed.

Design features

The drainage system consists of many connecting parts, the main of which are gutters that serve to collect and drain water from the roof surface, and pipes through which the collected water is directed to a suitable place for it.

The prefabricated structure also includes such elements of the drainage system as:

funnels for draining water into a pipe (water inlets);
plugs;
adapters and couplings for pipes and gutters;
mounting brackets;
clamps for fixing downpipes to the walls.

Quite often, roof gutters are equipped with the following additional devices:

nets and baskets that serve as a barrier for leaves and small debris to enter the pipes;
storm water inlets connecting downspouts to storm sewer;
drippers that prevent the accumulation of rainwater under the roof and improve its rolling through the pipes.

For increased durability and frost protection in winter time heating cables are laid on the roof overhang, in pipes and gutters. This not only ensures that the gutters run smoothly, but also adds a significant amount to the cost of their construction and brings with it additional costs for paying electricity bills.

It is desirable to install drainage systems simultaneously with the construction of the roof - this will significantly save time and construction budget. The choice of mounting method depends on the type of materials used, fasteners and the scheme of the system itself.

However, there are immutable rules, the observance of which is mandatory when performing such work:

Installation of gutters is carried out using brackets (holders) screwed to the rafters or frontal board. In the case of using metal brackets, they can be mounted on a brick wall.
The distance between the brackets directly depends on the type of construction. So, for a metal system, this is a step of 70-150 cm, for a plastic one - 50-60 cm. It is also necessary to place brackets on both sides of the corners of the gutter and funnels.
The slope between the first and end holder should be 2-3 mm per running meter towards the funnel.
The distance between the wall and the drain pipe should be within 3-8 cm, because a tighter fit will cause dampness and mold.
Installation of risers is carried out after the complete installation of the upper elements of the system, including funnels. Pipes are attached to the wall with clamps after 1-2 m, but the clamps themselves are screwed to the wall with self-tapping screws.
final stage is to fix the lower drain of the pipe at a distance of at least 20-30 cm from the ground, in the case of a linear drainage system - 15 cm.

The device of gutters from the roof has its own nuances. A mistake made or negligent negligence during the installation of the structure can cross out all the work done, causing a lot of inconvenience. That is why before starting self installation drainage systems, it is necessary to thoroughly study all the rules and regulations relating to this issue, and even better, invite professionals who will quickly and efficiently cope with the task.

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